IntegratedChildDevelopmentServices(ICDS)Scheme

Launchedon2ndOctober1975, today, ICDS Scheme represents one of the worlds largest

andmostuniqueprogrammesforearlychildhooddevelopment.ICDSistheforemostsymbol
of Indias commitment to her children Indias response to the challenge of providing pre
school education on one hand and breaking the vicious cycle of malnutrition, morbidity,
reducedlearningcapacityandmortality,ontheother.
1.Objectives:TheIntegratedChildDevelopmentServices(ICDS)Schemewaslaunchedin
1975withthefollowingobjectives:
i. toimprovethenutritionalandhealthstatusofchildrenintheagegroup06years
ii. tolaythefoundationforproperpsychological,physicalandsocialdevelopmentofthe
child
iii. toreducetheincidenceofmortality,morbidity,malnutritionandschooldropout
iv. toachieveeffectivecoordinationofpolicyandimplementationamongstthevarious
departmentstopromotechilddevelopmentand
v. toenhancethecapabilityofthemothertolookafterthenormalhealthandnutritional
needsofthechildthroughpropernutritionandhealtheducation.
2.Services:Theaboveobjectivesaresoughttobeachievedthroughapackageofservices
comprising:
i. supplementarynutrition,
ii. immunization,
iii. healthcheckup,
iv. referralservices,
v. preschoolnonformaleducationand
vi. nutrition&healtheducation.
Theconceptofprovidingapackageof services is based primarily on the consideration that
theoverallimpactwillbemuchlargerifthedifferentservicesdevelopinanintegratedmanner
as the efficacy of a particular service depends upon the support it receives from related
services.
Services
SupplementaryNutrition

TargetGroup
Childrenbelow6years:
Pregnant & Lactating
Mother(P&LM)

Immunization*

Childrenbelow6years:

ServiceProvidedby
Anganwadi Worker and
AnganwadiHelper

ANM/MO

Pregnant & Lactating

Mother(P&LM)
HealthCheckup*

Childrenbelow6years:

ANM/MO/AWW

Pregnant & Lactating

Mother(P&LM)
ReferralServices

Childrenbelow6years:

AWW/ANM/MO

Pregnant & Lactating

Mother(P&LM)
PreSchoolEducation
Nutrition
Education

&

Children36years

Health Women(1545years)

AWW
AWW/ANM/MO

*AWWassistsANMinidentifyingthetargetgroup.
ThreeofthesixservicesnamelyImmunisation,HealthCheckupandReferralServices
delivered through Public Health Infrastructure under the Ministry of Health & Family
Welfare.
2.1NutritionincludingSupplementaryNutrition:Thisincludessupplementaryfeedingand
growth monitoring and prophylaxis against vitamin A deficiency and control of nutritional
anaemia.Allfamiliesinthecommunityaresurveyed,toidentifychildrenbelowtheageofsix
andpregnant&nursingmothers.Theyavailofsupplementaryfeedingsupportfor300daysin
ayear.Byprovidingsupplementaryfeeding,theAnganwadiattemptstobridgethecaloricgap
betweenthenationalrecommendedandaverageintakeofchildrenandwomeninlowincome
anddisadvantagedcommunities.
GrowthMonitoringandnutritionsurveillancearetwoimportantactivitiesthatareundertaken.
Children below the age of three years of age are weighed once a month and children 36
years of age are weighed quarterly. Weightforage growth cards are maintained for all
children below six years. This helps to detect growth faltering and helps in assessing
nutritional status. Besides, severely malnourished children are given special supplementary
feedingandreferredtomedicalservices.
2.2 Immunization: Immunization of pregnant women and infants protects children from six
vaccine preventable diseasespoliomyelitis, diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, tuberculosis and
measles. These are major preventable causes of child mortality, disability, morbidity and
relatedmalnutrition.Immunizationofpregnantwomenagainsttetanusalsoreducesmaternal
andneonatalmortality.

2.3 Health Checkups: This includes health care of children less than six years of age,
antenatal care of expectant mothers and postnatal care of nursing mothers. The various
healthservicesprovidedforchildrenbyanganwadiworkersandPrimaryHealthCentre(PHC)
staff, include regular health checkups, recording of weight, immunization, management of
malnutrition,treatmentofdiarrhoea,deworminganddistributionofsimplemedicinesetc.

2.4 Referral Services: During health checkups and growth monitoring, sick or
malnourished children, in need of prompt medical attention, are referred to the
Primary Health Centre or its subcentre. The anganwadi worker has also been

oriented to detect disabilities in young children. She enlists all such cases in a
specialregisterandrefersthemtothemedicalofficerofthePrimaryHealthCentre/
Subcentre.
2.5NonformalPreSchoolEducation(PSE)
The Nonformal Preschool Education (PSE)
component of the ICDS may well be considered the
backbone of the ICDS programme, since all its
services essentially converge at the anganwadi a
villagecourtyard.AnganwadiCentre(AWC)avillage
courtyardisthemainplatformfordeliveringofthese
services. These AWCs have been set up in every
villageinthecountry.Inpursuanceofitscommitment
to the cause of Indias Children, present government
has decided to set up an AWC in every human habitation/ settlement. As a result, total
numberofAWCwouldgouptoalmost1.4million.Thisisalsothemostjoyfulplaywaydaily
activity, visibly sustained for three hours a day. It brings and keeps young children at the
anganwadicentreanactivitythatmotivatesparentsandcommunities.PSE,asenvisagedin
theICDS,focusesontotaldevelopmentofthechild,intheageuptosixyears,mainlyfrom
theunderprivilegedgroups.Its programme for the threeto six years old children in the
anganwadiisdirectedtowardsprovidingandensuringanatural,joyfulandstimulating
environment,withemphasisonnecessaryinputsforoptimalgrowthanddevelopment.
The early learning component of the ICDS is a significant input for providing a sound
foundation for cumulative lifelong learning and development. It also contributes to the
universalizationofprimaryeducation,byprovidingtothechildthenecessarypreparationfor
primaryschoolingandofferingsubstitutecaretoyoungersiblings,thusfreeingtheolderones
especiallygirlstoattendschool.
2.6 Nutrition and Health Education: Nutrition, Health and Education (NHED) is a key
element of the work of the anganwadi worker. This forms part of BCC (Behaviour Change
Communication) strategy. This has the long term goal of capacitybuilding of women
especially in the age group of 1545 years so that they can look after their own health,
nutritionanddevelopmentneedsaswellasthatoftheirchildrenandfamilies.

1. FundingPattern:ICDSisaCentrallysponsoredSchemeimplementedthrough
theStateGovernments/UTAdministrations.Priorto200506,100%financial
assistanceforinputsotherthansupplementarynutrition,whichtheStateswereto
providedoutoftheirownresources,wasbeingprovidedbytheGovernmentof
India.SincemanyStateswerenotprovidingadequatelyforsupplementary

nutritioninviewofresourceconstraints,itwasdecidedin200506tosupportto
Statesupto50%ofthefinancialnormsortosupport50%ofexpenditureincurred
bythemonsupplementarynutrition,whicheverisless.
2. Fromthefinancialyear200910,GovernmentofIndiahasmodifiedthefunding
patternofICDSbetweenCentreandStates.Thesharingpatternofsupplementary
nutritioninrespectofNortheasternStatesbetweenCentreandStateshasbeen
changedfrom50:50to90:10ratio.SofarasotherStatesandUTs,theexisting
sharingpatternof50:50continues.However,forallothercomponentsofICDS,
theratiohasbeenmodifiedto90:10(100%CentralAssistanceearlier).

4.PopulationNorms:
TherevisedPopulationnormsforsettingupaProject,AnganwadiCentreandMiniAWCare
asunder:
Projects:
(i) Community Development Block in a State should be the unit for
sanctionofanICDSProjectinrural/tribalareas,irrespectiveofnumber
ofvillages/populationinit.

(ii)Theexistingnormof1lakhpopulationforsanctionofurban
projectmaycontinue.
Furthertothis,forblockswithmorethantwolacpopulation,Statescouldoptfor
morethanoneProject(@oneperonelacpopulation)orcouldoptforoneproject
only.Inthelattercase,staffcouldbesuitablystrengthenedbasedonpopulationor
numberofAWCsintheblock.Similarly,forblockswithpopulationoflessthan1
lacorso,staffingpatternofCDPOofficecouldbelessthanthatofanormalblock.
AnganwadiCentres
ForRural/UrbanProjects
4008001AWC
80016002AWCs
160024003AWCs
Thereafterinmultiplesof8001AWC
ForMiniAWC
1504001MiniAWC
ForTribal/Riverine/Desert,Hillyandotherdifficultareas/Projects
3008001AWC
ForMiniAWC

1503001MiniAWC
5.SupplementaryNutritionNorms:
5.1 Financial norms: The Government of India has recently, revised the cost of
supplementary nutrition for different category of beneficiaries vide this Ministrys letter No.
F.No.42/2008CD.IIdated07.11.2008,thedetailsofwhichareasunder:
Sl.No.

Category

Prerevised
rates

Revised rates (per

beneficiaryperday)

1.

Children(672months)

Rs.2.00

Rs.4.00

2.

Severely
malnourished Rs.2.70
children(672months)

Rs.6.00

3.

Pregnant women and Nursing Rs.2.30

mothers

Rs.5.00

5.2NutritionalNorms:RevisedvideletterNo.59/2005NDTechVol.IIdated24.2.2009
Sl. Category
No.

1.
2.
3.

[Prrevised]

[Revised]

(perbeneficiaryperday)

Calories Protein Calories

Protein(g)
(KCal)
(g)
(KCal)
Children(672months)
300
810
500
1215
Severely malnourished children 600
20
800
2025
(672months)
Pregnant women and Nursing 500
1520
600
1820
mothers

5.3TypeofSupplementaryNutrition:
Childrenintheagegroup06months:ForChildreninthisagegroup,States/
UTs may ensure continuation of current guidelines of early initiation (within one
hourofbirth)andexclusivebreastfeedingforchildrenforthefirst6monthsoflife.
Childrenintheagegroup6monthsto3years:Forchildreninthisagegroup,
the existing pattern of Take Home Ration (THR) under the ICDS Scheme will
continue.However,inadditiontothecurrentmixedpracticeofgivingeitherdryor
rawration(wheatandrice)whichisoftenconsumedbytheentirefamilyand not
the child alone, THR should be given in the form that is palatable to the child
insteadoftheentirefamily.
Childrenintheagegroup3to6years:Forthechildreninthisagegroup,State/
UTs have been requested to make arrangements to serve Hot Cooked Meal in
AWCsandminiAWCsundertheICDSScheme.Sincethechildofthisagegroup
isnotcapableofconsumingamealof500caloriesinonesitting,theStates/UTs
areadvisedtoconsiderservingmorethanonemealtothechildrenwhocometo
AWCs.Sincetheprocessofcookingandservinghotcookedmealtakestime,and
in most of the cases, the food is served around noon, States/ UTs may provide
500 calories over more than one meal. States/ UTs may arrange to provide a
morning snack in the form of milk/ banana/ egg/ seasonal fruits/ micronutrient

fortifiedfoodetc.
6.Registrationofbeneficiaries:SinceBPLisnolongeracriteriaunderICDS,Stateshave
toensureregistrationofalleligiblebeneficiaries.
7.ExpansionoftheICDsScheme:
Number of Sanctioned
Projects/AWCs

EXISTING

CENTRES

MINIAWCs

6284

789

7073

10.53lakh

1.89lakh

12.42lakh

36,829

77,102

1,13,931

TotalAWCs

TOTAL

(sanctionedin
200809)*

PROJECTS
ANGANWADI
(AWCs)

ADDITIONAL

13.56lakh#

* Statewise no. of Projects/AWCs/MiniAWCS sanctioned in 200809 under 3rd phase of

expansionoftheSchemeavailableatDataTableonICDS.
# Total number of AWCs Budgeted for is 14 lakh leaving a cushion for Anganwadi on
Demand.

8.1 BUDGETARY ALLOCATION : Alongside gradual expansion of the Scheme, there has
also been a significant increase in the Budgetary allocation for ICDS Scheme from
Rs.10391.75crorein10thFiveYearPlantoRs.44,400croreinXIPlanPeriod.

ThedetailsofBudgetAllocationandExpenditurefortheyear200708to200910
inrespectofICDS(General)andsupplementarynutritionaregivenasunder:
a. BudgetAllocation
S.No.

Year

BudgetAllocation(Rs.InLakh)

200708

529300.00

200809

630000.00

200910

670500.00

(b)Fundsreleased(Rs.InLakh)
S.No.

Year

ICDS(G)

Supplementary
Nutrition

200708

310803.27

206231.05

200809

401319.16

228131.33

200910

177894.15

182001.76

StatewisedetailsoffundsreleasedareavailableunderDataTableonICDS
inChildDevelopmentportion.
9THEICDSTEAM:
9.1 The ICDS team comprises the Anganwadi Workers, Anganwadi Helpers, Supervisors,
Child Development Project Officers (CDPOs) and District Programme Officers (DPOs).
AnganwadiWorker,aladyselectedfromthelocalcommunity,isacommunitybasedfrontline
honoraryworkeroftheICDSProgramme.Sheisalsoanagentofsocialchange,mobilizing
communitysupportforbettercareofyoungchildren,girlsandwomen.Besides,themedical
officers,AuxiliaryNurseMidwife(ANM)andAccreditedSocialHealthActivist(ASHA)forma
teamwiththeICDSfunctionariestoachieveconvergenceofdifferentservices.
9.2Role&responsibilitiesofAWW,ANMandASHA:
RoleandresponsibilitiesofAWW,ANM&ASHAhavebeenclearlydelineatedandcirculated
toStates/UTsunderthejointsignatureofSecretary,MWCDandSecretary,MHFW,videD.O.
No.R.14011/9/2005NRHMI(pt)dated20January2006.
9.3STATUSOFANGANWADIWORKERSANDHELPERS:
Anganwadi Workers (AWWs) & Anganwadi Helpers (AWHs), being honorary workers, are
paidamonthlyhonorariaasdecidedbytheGovernmentfromtimetotime.Government of
IndiahasenhancedthehonorariaoftheseWorkers,w.e.f.1.4.2008byRs.500abovethe
last honorarium drawn by Anganwadi Workers (AWWs) and by Rs.250 of the last
honorarium drawn by Helpers of AWCs and Workers of MiniAWCs. Prior to
enhancement, AWWs were being paid a monthly honoraria ranging from Rs. 938/ to Rs.
1063/ per month depending on their educational qualifications and experience. Similarly,
AWHswerebeingpaidmonthlyhonorariaofRs.500/
InadditiontothehonorariapaidbytheGovernmentofIndia,manyStates/UTsarealsogiving
monetary incentives to these workers out of their own resources for additional functions
assignedunderotherSchemes.
9.4.FACILITIES/BENEFITSEXTENDEDTOAWWs&AWHs:
9.4.1BytheGovt.ofIndia
Honorarium:AtthebeginningoftheSchemein1975,theAnganwadiWorkerwaspaid
honorariumofRs.100/permonth(NonMatriculate)andRs.150/permonth
(Matriculate)andHelperwaspaidRs.35/permonth.Govt.hasincreasedtheir
honorariumfromtimetotime,asindicatedbelow:
Qualification/Year

1975
76

1.4.78 1.7.86 2.10.92

16.5.97

1.04.02

1.04.08

NonMatriculate

100

125

225

350

438

938

1438

Matriculate

150

175

275

400

500

1000

1500

NonMatriculate

250

375

469

969

1469

300

425

531

1031

1531

275

400

500

1000

1500

325

450

563

1063

1563

500 (w.ef.
1.1.2007)

750

50

110

200

260

With5yearexp
Matriculate
With5yearexp
NonMatriculate
With10yearexp
Matriculate
With10yearexp
MiniAnganwadiWorkers

HonorariumofHelper:
Helper

35

500

750

Leave:Theyhavebeenallowedpaidabsenceof135daysofmaternityleave.
Insurancecover:TheGovt.ofIndiaintroduced`AnganwadiKaryakartriBimaYojana
toAnganwadiWorkers/AnganwadiHelpersw.e.f.1.4.2004underLifeInsurance
CorporationsSocialSecurityScheme.TheamountofpremiumofRs.80/payableby
AWWsandAWHshasalsobeenwaivedofw.e.f.1.4.2007foraperiodoftwoyears.
UnderthisBimaYojana,afreeaddonscholarshipisavailableforthechildrenof
the members who are covered under the scheme. Scholarship of Rs.300/ per
quarter for students of 9th to 12th standard [including ITI courses] would be
provided.Scholarshipislimitedtotwochildrenperfamily.
Award:InordertomotivatetheAnganwadiWorkersandgiverecognitiontogood
voluntarywork,aSchemeofAwardforAnganwadiWorkershasbeenintroduced,both
attheNationalandStateLevel.TheAwardcomprisesRs.25,000/cashandaCitation
atCentrallevelandRs.5000/cashandaCitationatStatelevel.
Uniform:GovernmenthasmadeaprovisionforaUniform(saree/suit@Rs.200/per
sareeperannum)andanamebadgetoAnganwadiWorkersandHelpers
9.4.2ByStateGovernments/UTAdministartions:
ToconsidertheservicesrenderedasAWWsasadditionalqualificationforbeing
recruitmentofPrimarySchoolTeachers,ANMSandothersuchvillagebasedposts
Torecruitatleast25%ofSupervisorsunderICDSSchemefromAWWswith10years
experienceofsatisfactoryservice
ToEngage25%ofAWWsfromamongsttheAnganwadiHelperswhohaveputin
minimum10yearsofsatisfactoryserviceandalsopossesstherequisitequalifications
(age,educationetc.)aslaiddownbytheconcernedStatesforselectionofAWWs.
TosetupAnganwadiWorkersandHelpersWelfareFundattheState/UTleveloutof
thecontributionfromWorkers/HelpersandState/UTGovernments
TosetupGrievancesRedressalMachineryattheState/UTandDistrictslevelfor
promptredressaloftheirgrievances.

10.ICDSTrainingProgramme:
Training and capacity building is the most crucial element in the ICDS Scheme, as the
achievement of the programme goals largely depends upon the effectiveness of frontline
workers in improving service delivery under the programme. Since inception of the ICDS
scheme, the Government of India has formulated a comprehensive training strategy for the
ICDS functionaries. Training under ICDS scheme is a continuous programme and is
implemented through 35 States/UTs and National Institute of Public Cooperation and Child
Development(NIPCCD)anditsfourregionalcentres.
During the 11th Five Year Plan, the Government of India has laid much emphasis on
strengthening the training component of ICDS in order to improve the service delivery
mechanismandaccelerate better programme outcomes. An allocation of Rs. 500 crore has
beenkeptfortheICDSTrainingProgrammeduringthe11thFiveYearPlan.

Financial norms relating to training of various ICDS functionaries and trainers have been
revisedupwardlywitheffectfrom1April2009.

1. TypesofTrainingCourses:Threetypesofregulartrainingareimpartedto
AWWs,AWHs,Supervisors,CDPOs/ACDPOsandInstructorsofAWTCsand
MLTCs,viz.:
InductionTraining(oninitialengagement/appointment)mainlytoAWWs
Job/OrientationTraining(onceduringserviceperiod)
RefresherTraining(inservice,onceineverytwoyears)
Also, specific need based training programmes are organized under the Other Training
component,wherebytheStates/UTsaregivenflexibilitytoidentifystatespecificproblemsthat
needspecializedissuebasedtrainingandtakeupsuchtrainingactivities.

1. TrainingInfrastructure:Thereisacountrywideinfrastructureforthetrainingof
ICDSfunctionaries,viz.
AnganwadiWorkersTrainingCentres(AWTCs)forthetrainingofAnganwadi
WorkersandHelpers.
MiddleLevelTrainingCentres(MLTCs)forthetrainingofSupervisorsand
TrainersofAWTCs
NationalInstituteofPublicCooperationandChildDevelopment(NIPCCD)
anditsRegionalCentresfortrainingofCDPOs/ACDPOsandTrainersofMLTCs.
NIPCCDalsoconductsseveralskilldevelopmenttrainingprogrammes.
[Govt. of Tamil Nadu has established a State Training Institute (STI) at the
StatelevelforthetrainingofTrainersofMLTCsandCDPOs/ACDPOs]
Basedontheneeds,StateGovernmentsidentifyandopenupAWTCsandMLTCsafterdue
approval by the Government of India. As on 31.3.2009, 490 AWTCs and 31 MLTCs were
operational across the country. About 80% of the AWTCs and 70% MLTCs are run by
State/DistrictbasedNGOs.


10.3 Monitoring & Supervision of Training Programme: A separate ICDS Training Unit
within the Ministry of Women and Child Development headed by a Director/Dy. Secretary
level officer is responsible for overall monitoring, supervision and evaluation of the training
programme.Thefollowingmeasuresareundertakenformonitoringandsupervision:
PhysicalandfinancialprogressarecapturedthroughQuarterlyProgressReports
(QPRs)inastandardizedformat,thataresubmittedbytheStates/UTstoGoIat
theendofeveryquarter
AdetailedanalysisoftheQPRsiscarriedoutbytheICDSTrainingUnitand
basedonthesame,quarterlyreviewmeetingsareorganizedwiththeStatesatthe
centrallevel
Monthly/quarterlyreviewmeetingwiththeTrainingCentresatthestatelevel
NecessaryfeedbackandguidelinesareissuedtotheStatesaftereachofthe
reviewmeetings
FieldvisitstoAWTCs/MLTCsbyNodalOfficerortheDistrictProgrammeOfficers
(DPOs)/CDPOsandalsobytheofficialsfromtheMinistryofWCDandNIPCCD.
AnnualmeetingofStateTrainingTaskForce(STTF)fortheapprovalofSTRAP
andreviewofpastperformanceandchalkingoutfutureactions.
10.4RecentInitiatives:TheMinistryhasrecentlyinitiatedaprocessofconsultationswiththe
Statesandotherstakeholderstoreviewandidentifygapsintheexistingtrainingsystemand
makesuggestionstostrengthentheICDSTrainingprogrammeincludingits contents/syllabi,
training methodology and the existing monitoring mechanism under ICDS training
programme. Three regional workshops have since been organized in collaboration with
NIPCCD and with technical support from USAID/CARE INDIA during JulyAugust 2009 at
threeRegionalcentresofNIPCCDatBangalore,LucknowandGuwahati.

11.ExistingMonitoringSystemunderICDSScheme:
11.1CentralLevel
Ministry of Women and Child Development (MWCD) has the overall responsibility of
monitoring the ICDS scheme. There exists a Central Level ICDS Monitoring Unit in the
Ministrywhichisresponsibleforcollectionandanalysisoftheperiodicworkreportsreceived
from the States in the prescribed formats. States have been asked to send the State level
consolidatedreportsby17thdayofthefollowingmonth.
Theexistingstatusofmonitoringofthesesixservicesisasunder:
(i)SupplementaryNutrition:No.ofBeneficiaries(Children6monthsto6years
andpregnant&lactatingmothers)forsupplementarynutrition
(ii) PreSchool Education : No. of Beneficiaries (Children 36 years) attending
preschooleducation
(iii)Immunization,HealthCheckupandReferralservices : Ministry of Health
and Family Welfare is responsible for monitoring on health indicators relating to
immunization,healthcheckupandreferralsservicesundertheScheme.

(iv)NutritionandHealthEducation
ThisserviceisnotmonitoredattheCentralLevel.StateGovernmentsarerequired
tomonitoruptoStatelevelintheexistingMISSystem.
(v)No.ofICDSProjectsandAnganwadiCentres(AWCs)w.r.t.targetedno.of
ICDSProjectsandAWCsaretakenintoaccountforreviewpurpose.
Analysis&Action
The information received in the prescribed formats is compiled, processed and analysed at
the Central level on quarterly basis. The progress and shortfalls indicated in the reports on
ICDSarereviewedbytheMinistrywiththeStateGovernmentsregularlybyreviewmeetings/
letters.
11.2StateLevel
Various quantitative inputs captured through CDPOs MPR/ HPR are compiled at the State
level for all Projects in the State. No technical staff has been sanctioned for the state for
programme monitoring. CDPOs MPR capture information on number of beneficiaries for
supplementarynutrition,preschooleducation,fieldvisittoAWCsbyICDSfunctionarieslike
Supervisors,CDPO/ACDPOetc.,informationonnumberofmeeting on nutrition and health
education(NHED)andvacancypositionofICDSfunctionariesetc.

11.3BlockLevel
Atblocklevel,ChildDevelopmentProjectOfficer(CDPO)istheinchargeofanICDSProject.
CDPOs MPR and HPR have been prescribed at block level,. These CDPOs MPR/ HPR
formats have onetoone correspondence with AWWs MPR/ HPR. CDPOs MPR consists
vacancypositionofICDSfunctionariesatblockandAWClevels.Atblocklevel,notechnical
postofofficialshavebeensanctionedundertheschemeformonitoring.However,onepostof
statisticalAssistant./AssistantissanctionedatblockleveltoconsolidatetheMPR/HPRdata.
InbetweenCDPOandAWW,thereexistasupervisorwhoisrequiredtosupervise25AWC
onanaverage.
CDPO is required to send the Monthly Progress Report (MPR) by 7th day of the following
monthtoStateGovernment.Similarly,CDPOisrequiredtosendHalfyearlyProgressReport
(HPR)toStateby7thApriland7thOctobereveryyear.

11.4VillageLevel(AnganwadiLevel)
Atthegrassrootlevel,deliveryofvariousservicestotargetgroupsisgivenattheAnganwadi
Centre (AWC). An AWC is managed by an honorary Anganwadi Worker (AWW) and an
honoraryAnganwadiHelper(AWH).
IntheexistingManagementInformationSystem,recordsandregistersareprescribedatthe

Anganwadi level i.e. at village level. The Monthly and Halfyearly Progress Reports of
AnganwadiWorkerhavealsobeenprescribed.ThemonthlyprogressreportofAWWcapture
information on population details, births and deaths of children, maternal deaths, no. of
children attended AWC for supplementary nutrition and preschool education, nutritional
statusofchildrenbyweightforage,informationonnutritionandhealtheducationandhome
visits by AWW. Similarly, AWWs Half yearly Progress Report capture data on literacy
standardofAWW,trainingdetailsofAWW,increase/decreaseinweightofchildren,details
on space for storing ration at AWC, availability of health cards, availability of registers,
availabilityofgrowthchartsetc.
AWWisrequiredtosendtheseMonthlyProgressReport(MPR)by5thdayoffollowingmonth
to CDPO Incharge of an ICDS Project. Similarly, AWW is required to send Halfyearly
ProgressReport(HPR)toCDPOby5thApriland5thOctobereveryyear.
Note:Detailsofvariouscirculars/ordersonmonitoring/MISissuedfromGOIand
existing Management Information System (MIS) on ICDS are given at Child
DevelopmentportionofthewebsiteoftheMinistryviz.www.wcd.nic.in

12.EvaluationofICDSScheme:AnumberofevaluationstudiesonimplementationofICDS
Scheme have been conducted in the past viz., Programme Evaluation Organisation of the
PlanningCommission in 1982, National Evaluation of ICDS Scheme conducted by National
InstituteofPublicCooperationandChildDevelopment(NIPCCD)in1992,EvaluationResults
ofAnnualSurveyduring19751995,publishedbyCentralTechnicalCommitteeonIntegrated
MotherandChildDevelopmentoncompletionof20yearsofICDSandNationwideEvaluation
of ICDS by National Council of Applied Economic Research (NCAER) 19981999. Main
findingsofstudyconductedbyNCAER(19962001)areasfollows:
i. MostoftheAWCsacrossthecountrywerelocatedwithinaccessibledistance(100200
meters)frombeneficiaryhouseholds.Amajorityofthebeneficiaryhouseholdswas
within100metresoftheAWC.Another10percentwereabout150200metersaway.
Therestwerebeyond200meters.Thus,thefactorofdistanceofbeneficiary
householdsfromtheAWCwasunlikelytoaffectattendanceattheAWCduring
inclementweather
ii. MostoftheAWCsinthecountry,exceptthoseinTamilNadu,Kerala,Karnatakaand
Orissawerefunctioningfromcommunitybuildings.Thetypeofbuildingplaysan
importantroleinsafeguardingagainstanynaturalhazards.Ofthosesampled,about40
percentwerefunctioningfrompuccabuildings.
iii. Nearly50percentAWCsreportedadequatespace,especiallyforcooking.
iv. OneoutoftwoAWWswasfoundtobeeducatedatleastuptomatriculatelevelacross
thecountry.Inallcentralandsouthernstates,lessthan50percentoftheAWWswere
atleastmatriculatemorethan75percentofAWWswerematriculatesinthenorthern
andeasternstatesofthecountry.GujaratandRajasthanreportedlowestpercentageof
matriculatefunctionaries.
v. Thoughabout84percentofthefunctionariesreportedtohavereceivedtraining,the
trainingwaslargelypreservicetraining.Inservicetrainingremainedlargelyneglected.
vi. ThedaytodayfunctioningoftheAWCisacriticalindicatoroftheeffectivenessofthe
ICDSprogramme.AnassessmentofongoingactivitiesofsampleAWCsthrough
observations,recordreviewsandpersonalinterviewswiththeAWWsrevealedthat,on
average,anAWCfunctionedfor24of30daysinamonth.Onagivenday,theAWC
functionedforabout4hours.Byandlarge,environmentalfactorsdidnotaffectthe
functioningoftheAWC.

vii. Onanaveragenearly66percentofeligiblechildrenand75percentofeligiblewomenwere
registeredattheAWCs.ThisindicateslackofmotivationonthepartoftheAWWinidentifying
andregisteringtheentireeligiblepopulation.
vii. CommunityleadersweregenerallypositiveaboutthefunctioningoftheAWCs(more
than80percentinallstates)whilemorethan70percentfoundtheprogrammetobe
beneficialtothecommunity
ix)ParticipationofbeneficiarywomenandadolescentgirlsinAWCactivities
was reported to be low. These two segments of population form the
foundationforanychildcareprogrammeandtheirinvolvementisimperative
forsuccessfulimplementationoftheICDSServices.

Rapid facility Survey by NCAER: The National Council of Applied Economic Research
(NCAER) conducted a Rapid Facility Survey on ICDS infrastructure in 2004. The report
submittedbyNCAERinFebruary,2005has,interalia,broughtoutthat
i. Morethan40percentAWCs(AnganwadiCentres)acrossthecountryareneither
housedinICDSbuildingnorinrentedbuildings.OnethirdoftheAnganwadisare
housedinICDSbuildingandanotheronefourtharehousedinrentedbuildings
ii. AsregardsthestatusofAnganwadibuilding,irrespectiveofownorrented,morethan
46percentoftheAnganwadiswererunningfrompuccabuilding,21percentfromsemi
puccabuilding,15percentfromkutchabuildingandmorethan9%runningfromopen
space
iii. Itisquiteencouragingtoobservethataveragenumberofchildrenregisteredatthe
Anganwadicentreis52forboysand75forgirls
iv. Thesurveydatarevealthatmorethan45percentAnganwadishavenotoiletfacility
and40percenthavereportedtheavailabilityofonlyurinal
v. Ofthe39percentAnganwadisreportingavailabilityofhandpumps,halfofthe
handpumpswereprovidedbytheGramPanchayatand12percentprovidedbythe
ICDS
vi. RegardingtheprovisionofservicesattheAnganwadicentres,morethan90percent
Centresprovidedsupplementaryfood,90percentprovidedpreschooleducationand
76percentweighedchildrenforgrowthmonitoring
vii. Only50percentAnganwadisreportedprovidingreferralservices,65percenthealth
checkupofchildren,53percentforhealthcheckupofwomenandmorethan75for
nutritionandhealtheducation
viii. AveragenumberofdaysinamonthinwhichservicesareprovidedattheAnganwadi
centresare24forsupplementaryfood,28forpreschooleducationand13forNutrition
andhealtheducation
ix. Morethan57percentofAnganwadicentresreportedavailabilityofreadytoeatfood
and46percentavailabilityofuncookedfoodattheAnganwadicentres
x. NearlythreefourthoftheAnganwadishavereportedtheavailabilityofmedicalkitsand
babyweighingscale.Ontheotherhandadultweighingscalehasbeenreportedonlyby
49percentoftheAnganwadis.
ThreeDecadesofICDSAnappraisalbyNIPCCD(2006)
The study covered 150 ICDS Projects from 35 States/UTs covering rural, urban and tribal
projects.AtotaloffiveAnganwadicentres(AWCs)wererandomlyselectedfromeachsample
projectscovering750AWCs.Themainfindingsoftheappraisalisasunder:

i) Around 59 per cent AWCs studied have no toilet facility and in 17 AWCs this
facilitywasfoundtobeunsatisfactory.

ii)Around75%ofAWCshavepuccabuildings
iii)44percentAWCscoveredunderthestudywerefoundtobelackingPSEkits
iv)Disruptionofsupplementarynutritionwasnoticedonanaverageof46.31days
at Anganwadi level. Major reasons causing disruption was reported as delay in
supplyofitemsofsupplementarynutrition
v)36.5percentmothersdidnotreportweighingofnewbornchildren
vi)29percentchildrenwerebornwithalowweightwhichwasbelownormal(less
than2500gm)
vii)37percentAWWsreportednonavailabilityofmaterials/aidsforNutritionand
HealthEducation(NHED).

13. Wheat Based Nutrition Programme (WBNP) TheGovernment of India allocates food
grains (wheat and rice) at BPL rates to the States, on their demand, for meeting their
requirement for supplementary nutrition to beneficiaries under the ICDS Scheme. Total
quantityoffoodgrainsallottedduringlast3yearsisasunder:
200607523095MTs
1. 544000MTs
200809716745MTs
Presently,23Statesareavailingtheallocationofwheat/riceundertheWBNP.
4.INTERNATIONALPARTNERS
Government of India partners with the following international agencies to supplement
interventionsundertheICDS:
i. UnitedNationsInternationalChildrenEmergencyFund(UNICEF)
ii. CooperativeforAssistanceandReliefEverywhere(CARE)
iii. WorldFoodProgramme(WFP)
UNICEF supports the ICDS by providing technical support for the development of training
plans,organizingofregionalworkshopsanddisseminationofbestpracticesofICDS.Italso
assistsinservicedeliveryandaccreditationsystemwherethecapacityofICDSfunctionaryis
strengthened. Impact assessment in selected States on early childhood nutrition and
development, micronutrient and anemia control through Vit. A supplementations and
deworming interventions for children in the age group of 959 months is also conducted by
UNICEFfromtimetotime.
CAREisprimarilyimplementingsomenonfoodprojectsinareasofmaternalandchildhealth,
girl primary education, microcredit etc. Integrated Nutrition and Health Project (INHP)III,
whichisaphaseoutprogrammeofINHPserieswouldcometoanendon31.12.2009.

WFPhasbeenextendingassistancetoenhancetheeffectivenessandoutreachoftheICDS
Scheme in selected districts (Tikamgarh & Chhattarpur in Madhya Pradesh, Koraput,
Malkangir&NabrangpurinOrissa,BanswarainRajasthanandDantewadainChhattisgarh),
notably, by assisting the State Governments to start and expand production of low cost
micronutrientfortifiedfoodknownasIndiamix.UnderthistheconcernedStateGovernment
arerequiredtocontributetothecostofIndiamixbymatchingtheWFPwheatcontributionata
1:1costsharingratio.
15. Special Focus on North East : Keeping in view the special needs of North Eastern
States,theCentralGovernmentsanctionedconstructionof4800AnganwadiCentresatacost
ofRs.60crorein 200102, 7600 Anganwadi Centres at a cost of Rs.95.00 crore in 200203
and 7600 AWCs at a cost of Rs.95.00 crore in 200405. In the wake of expansionofICDS
Schemein200506,itwasprovidedintheSchemeitselfthatGOIwillsupportconstructionof
AWCsinNEStates.ThecostofconstructionwasalsorevisedfromRs.1.25lakhpercentreto
Rs.1.75lakhper center. In 200607, 50% of funds have been released to all the NE States
excepttheStateofManipur.
16.RecentInitiatives
RevisioninPopulationnormsforsettingupofAWCs/MiniAWCs
Universalisationand3rdphaseofexpansionoftheSchemeofICDSfor792
additionalProjects,2.13lakhadditionalAnganwadiCentres(AWCs)and77102
MiniAWCs,aspertherevisedpopulationnorms,withspecialfocusoncoverage
ofSC/STandMinoritypopulation.
IntroductionofcostsharingbetweenCentre&States,witheffectfromthe
financialyear200910,inthefollowingratio:
a. 90:10forallcomponentsincludingSNPforNorthEast
b. 50:50forSNPand90:10forallothercomponentsforallStatesother
thanNorthEast.
BudgetaryallocationforICDSSchemeincreasedfromRs.10391.75crorein10th
FiveYearPlantoRs.44,400croreinthe11thPlanPeriod
Revisioninfinancialnormsofsupplementarynutritionenhancingtheunit
costperbenperdayasfollows

Sl.No.

Category

Prerevised
rates

Revised
rates (per
beneficiary
perday)

1.

Children(672months)

Rs.2.00

Rs.4.00

2.

Severely malnourished children Rs.2.70

(672months)

Rs.6.00

3.

Pregnant women and Nursing Rs.2.30

mothers

Rs.5.00

Revisionoffeedingandnutritionnormsasunder(videletterNo.5
9/2005NDTechVol.IIdated24.2.2009)
Sl. Category
No.

1.
2.
3.

Existing

Revised
(per
beneficiary per

day)
Calories Protein Calories Protein
(KCal) (g)
(KCal) (g)
Children(672months)
300
810
500 1215
Severelymalnourishedchildren 600
20
800 2025
(672months)
Pregnant women and Nursing 500
1520
600 1820
mothers

Revisioninfinancialnormsofotherexistinginterventionstoimprovethe
servicedelivery.DetailsaregiveninthestatementatAnnexXI.
EnhancementofhonorariabyRs.500abovethelasthonorariumdrawnby
AnganwadiWorkers(AWWs)andbyRs.250ofthelasthonorariumdrawnby
HelpersofAWCsandWorkersofMiniAWCs
IntroductionofWorldHealthOrganisations(WHO)GrowthStandardsfor
monitoringthegrowthofchildren.
ProvisionofUniformforAnganwadiWorkersandHelpers
ProvisionofflexifundsatAnganwadilevel
StrengtheningofManagementInformationSystem(MIS)and
RevisionincostnormsofTrainingcomponentofICDSScheme.
17.INTRODUCTIONOFWHOGROWTHSTANDARDSINICDS
TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)basedontheresultsofanintensivestudyinitiatedin
1997 in six countries including India has developed New International Standards for
assessingthephysicalgrowth,nutritionalstatusandmotordevelopmentofchildrenfrombirth
to5yearsage.TheMinistryofWomenandChildDevelopmentandMinistryofHealth have
adoptedtheNewWHOChildGrowthStandardinIndiaon15thofAugust,2008formonitoring
theGrowthofChildrenthroughICDSandNRHM.
Implications
.Changeincurrentestimates
increaseintotalofnormalweightchildren
increaseinseverelyunderweightchildren
increase in underweight children (mild/moderate and severe) in age group of 06
months.
ii. TherequirementoffundsforSNPCentreandStatecontributionwouldbealmost
double.
iii. TheAnganwadiWorkerwiththehelpofNewGrowthChartwouldbeabletoassess
correctlyseverelyunderweightchildrenandnumberofsuchchildrenwouldincreasein
eachAnganwadiCentres.Thenumberofnormalchildrenwouldalsoincreaseinallthe
AnganwadiCentres.
iv. Thenewchartswouldnowhelpusincomparinggrowthofourchildrenwithinprojects,
districts,states&alsoothercountries.

18. Achievements: There has been significant progress in the implementation of ICDS
Scheme during X Plan both and during XI Plan (up to 31.12.2010), in terms of increase in
numberofoperationalprojectsandAnganwadiCentres(AWCs)andcoverageofbeneficiaries
asindicatedbelow:
Yearending

No.
of No.
of No.
of No.ofpreschool
operational operational
Supplementary
education
projects
AWCs
nutrition
beneficiaries
beneficiaries

31.03.2002

4608

545714

375.10lakh

166.56lakh

31.03.2003

4903

600391

387.84lakh

188.02lakh

31.03.2004

5267

649307

415.08lakh

204.38lakh

31.03.2005

5422

706872

484.42lakh

218.41lakh

31.03.2006

5659

748229

562.18lakh

244.92lakh

31.03.2007

5829

844743

705.43lakh

300.81lakh

31.03.2008

6070

1013337

843.26lakh

339.11lakh

31.03.2009

6120

1044269

873.43lakh

340.60lakh

31.03.2010

6509

1142029

884.34lakh

354.93lakh

31.12.2010

6719

1241749

918.65lakh

355.02lakh

Present Status of number of sanctioned/ operational projects/ AWCs/ miniAWCs and number of
beneficiariesundersupplementarynutrition/preschooleducationunderICDSSchemeisavailableunder
DataTableonICDSinChildDevelopmentportionofMinistrysWebsite.

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