Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Plumbingg Systems
y
Lecture Notes
B D
By
Dr. M.F.KHALIL
M F KHALIL
LIU -2008
Design of Risers
Daily W. Requirement
Load Values W.F.U.
Pipe sizing
Types of pumps
Circulating
g Pump
p
Pipe sizing
Electrical W. heater
Water storage heater
Instantaneous or
semi-inst. heaters
2
SOIL STACK
WS
WASTE STACK
VS
VENT STACK
VENT
SV
STACK VENT
RW
RAIN WATER
RWS
CW
COLD WATER
SW
PW
POTABLE WATER
HW
HWR
TS
WTR
DR
DRAINAGE
F.F
FIRE FIGHTING
GAS
COMPRESSED AIR
VACUUM
FOS
CI
GS
BS
PVC
POLYVINYLCHLORIDE PIPE
C-PVC
PVC-U
P.P
P.P.R
PE X
PE-X
PE-X / AL / PE-X
CU
COPPER PIPE
P.E
POLYETHYLENE PIPE
HDPE
H.D.P.E
AWC
EWC
B
LAV
S
BIDET
LAVATORY
SINK
SH
SHOWER
KS
KITCHEN SINK
BT
BATHTUB
DF
DRINKING FOUNTAIN
HB
HOSE BIB
FT
FLASH TANK
FV
FLASH VALVE
CO
CLEANOUT
CCO
CEILING CLEANOUT
FCO
FLOOR CLEANOUT
J.B
JUNCTION BOX
RVC
MH
MANHOLE
FHC
WS
WATER SOFTNER
WH
WATER HEATER
FA
CO
CLEANOUT
CCO
CEILING CLEANOUT
FCO
FLOOR CLEANOUT
JB
J.B
JUNCTION BOX
RVC
MH
MANHOLE
FHC
WS
WATER SOFTNER
WH
WATER HEATER
FROM ABOVE
FA
FROM ABOVE
TB
TO BELOW
TB
TO BELOW
IW
IN WALL
IW
IN WALL
UT
UNDER TILE
UT
UNDER TILE
UG
UNDER GROUND
UG
UNDER GROUND
UCL
UCL
I.F.S
IN FLOOR SLAB
I.F.S
IN FLOOR SLAB
B.F.S
B.F.S
LL
LOW LEVEL
HL
HIGH LEVEL
UP
UP
DN
DOWN
FM
FROM
NTS
NOT TO SCALE
LL
LOW LEVEL
HL
HIGH LEVEL
UP
UP
DN
DOWN
FM
FROM
NTS
NOT TO SCALE
PLUMBING FIXTURES
Block A 18 floors
Block B 17 floors
Cars
Water
storage tanks
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Up to now !!
Before starting the detail calculation of
the
h plumbing
l bi project
j
. Student
d
should
h ld be
b
able to read and understand all the
Architecture drawings of the project
entitled Madam Cury .
19
Chap.2
p
Cold
C ld & H
Hott water
t
distribution systems
20
Calculation Of
W D Systems
W.D.
S
Design Of W.D.
W D
Systems
Pipe sizing
1 Max
Zornada (2002)
Pump
selection
21
Slide 21
I di
Indirect
t
Direct
22
Distribution Systems
Buildings above 20 floors
Pressure vessel
Pressure Reducer
Direct
Indirect
1
23
24
MultiMulti
-pipes system is always preferable
Muli-pipes system
Underground Tank
25
W t storage
Water
t
in
i buildings
b ildi
Domestic
& Potable
Fire fighting
Irrigation
26
D
Domestic
ti water
t storage
t
in
i buildings
b ildi
Underground tanks
Roof tanks
27
Storage of water
Water is stored in buildings due to the irregular supply
supply of city water .Normally water is stored in
basement with pump transferring water to roof tanks .
Roof tanks could one single tank for the whole building or
separate tanks for each flat.
As shown in the following pages ,water tanks are provided
normally with float valve,
valve drain valve
valve, discharge valve ,
overflow and vent pipe.
Underground
g
water storage
g Pumps
p
Tanks Connections
28
29
Roof Tanks
Roof tanks should be elevated enough above roof level
to have enough pressure for the upper apartment ,
otherwise booster pump is needed.
needed
30
G l
Galvanized
i d Roof
R f tanks
t k
31
P.P.R.
P P R Roof tanks
32
Riser diagram
33
1
Riser diagram of the
present project34
Chap. 3
Design
g recommendations
&
Calculations
35
36
Daily
y Water Requirement
q
1-Daily
D l water requirement & Tanks
T k
capacities. ( two methods are used to
determine the daily water requirement ,the
the
first is base on the number of occupants ,
the second is based on the load value).
value)
2- Load value (W.f.u.)
37
Gallons
(per day
(p
yp
per p
person))
15
S h l ((with
Schools
i h above
b
plus
l cafeteria)
f
i )
25
35
Residences
15
35--50
35
50
100
38
Example
E
l calculation
l l ti of
f daily
d il domestic
d
ti water
t requirement
i
t
Suppose we have 24 floors & each floor consists of 4 flats,
2 of
f them having
g 3 bedrooms
2 of them having 2 bedrooms.
+1 Mad each flat.
A a rule
As
l of
f thumb
th mb we take
t k 2 persons/bed
p
n /b d room.
m
Total number/floor = 232+222+4 = 24 Persons/floor.
Total number of occupants=
p
24
24 24 + 5 ((labors+ concierges
g
etc) = 581 Persons.
From table WW-1 the daily water requirement is between 35
35-50
gal/ day
g
y (Residential
(
Building),
g),
The daily water requirement for the whole building is:
=> 50
50581 = 29000 gallons /day 110 m3/day
39
N.B. Drinking water tank capacity is calculated based on 1010-12 L / person / day
40
For buildings
g , it is reliable that, water for fire fighting
g
g
is provided by gravity storage wherever possible. Using
elevation as the means for developing proper water
pressure in water mains risers & FHCs
FHCs, not dependent on
pumps that could fail or be shut down as a result of an
electrical outage. Storage can be provided through one
or more large
l
storage
t
reservoirs
i or by
b multiple
lti l smaller
ll
reservoirs throughout the community that are linked
g
.A
. reasonable rule of
f thumb
m is that water
w
together
storage for fire fighting should be sufficient to provide
at least one hour .For example, in a typical residential
building with an ordinary hazards,
hazards the storage for fire
flow of 100 GPM for 30-60 min may be appropriate.
42
43
Siamese connection
44
W
Water
storage for
f irrigation
zIrrigation
Pipe sizing
Determine the number of FUs
From Table W
W-1
Determine the p
probable flow rate gpm
gp
From ChartChart-1 or Table W
W-2
Determine the Pipe size
Pipe flow ChartChart-2
45
46
Use
F.Us
(Private)
(Public
Public))
10
Bidet
(Private)
Bath tub
(Private)
Lavatory
Lavatory
(Private)
(Public
Public))
Shower
Shower
(Private)
(Public
Public))
(Public
Public))
Kitchen sink
--
Restaurant sink
--
Mop sink
--
Drinking fountain
--
1 /2
(Private)
Table W-2
47
Sizing the
indoor cold
Water pipe
The
Th vvalue
lu for
f r separate
s p r t
hot and cold water
demands should be
taken as of the total
value
For the
whole bldg.
Chart -1
For each
flat
48
49
DEMAND
LOAD
LIT/SEC WSFU
GPM
DEMAND
LIT/SEC
WSFU
GPM
3.0
0.19
10 14
14..6
0.92
5.0
0.32
12 16
1.01
6.5
0.41
14 17
1.07
0.51
16 18
1.14
9.4
0.59
18 18
18..8
1.19
10..7
10
0.68
20 19
19..6
1.24
11..8
11
0.74
25 21
21..6
1.36
12..8
12
0.81
30 23
23..3
1.47
13..7
13
0.86
35 24
24..9
1.57
Table
bl W-3
50
51
52
follows:
Assuming
A
i 24 floors
fl
each
h floor
fl
has
h 4 identical
id ti l apartments
t
t
As calculated before the probable water demand for each
apartment is 26 F.U
F US
S , therefore 24 x 26 x 4 = 2496
F.US let say 2500 FUs.
Graphp -1 with a value of 2500 FU and read the
Inter Graph
corresponding probable water demand for whole building
which is 3000 gpm . Since we have four risers the
total gpm is divided by 4 , that will be 750 gpm.
gpm
Each riser will be sized based on this value i.e. 750 gpm.
Without question the plumbing fixture will never operate simultaneously
, the diversity factor is included in Chart -1
Pipe sizing
1
53
1.35 m/s
54
V=2
V=
2 m/s
1
How to use the pipe flowflow-chart
55
56
1 25 "
1.25
D1 ?
D2 ?
D3 ?
1"
Cold water
1"
H.W.
D4 ?
D5 ?
D?
1
57
Open system
58
3/4 of the total fixture units are used for cold water
Bathtub
WC
?"
?"
Bidet
Lavatory
Shower
Sink
?"
?"
?"
?"
?"
?"
?"
?"
H.W.
59
60
61
Pressure Requirements
1- Pressure required during flow for different
fixtures.
2- Pressure required at the inlet of the flat.
3- The hydrostatic pressure available at each shutshutoff
ff valve.
l
4- Pressure
P
reducer
d
valve
l PRV
62
63
Pressure
P
Required
R
i d During
D i Flow
Fl
for
f
Different Fixtures
N.P.Code USA
64
P = h
Where
The maximum p
pressure at the inlet of the flat is Limited to 30 m which is about
2.9 bar
b , that
h , avoid
id excessive
i pressures
65
24
floors
ABBRAGE BEIRUT
1
66
The hydrostatic pressure available
at each shutshut-off valve.
R1
R2
ELECTRICFLOATVALVE
R3
R4
ELECTRIC FLOATVALVE
BLOCKB
BLOCK-B
UPPER DOMESTICWATERTANK
2 * 10000 litres ( P.ETANKS)
3"
BLOCK-B
UPPERDOMESTICWATERTANK
2 * 10000 litres ( P.ETANKS)
3"
2 1/2" FROMD.W.P-B
4" F.F.P
4" F.F.P
4" C.W.P
UPPERROOF
4" C.W.P
3" C.W.P
3" C.W.P
ROOF
3" C.W.P
3" C.W.P
1" C.W.P
1 1/4" C.W.P
4" C.W.P
3" C.W.P
1" C.W.P
1 1/4" C.W.P
3" C.W.P
F.F.P
3" C.W.P
F.F.P
3" C.W.P
24TH. FLOOR
1" C.W.P
1" C.W.P
Riser diagram
( pressure reducers)
1" C.W.P
3" C.W.P
3" C.W.P
1" C.W.P
3" C.W.P
3" C.W.P
23RD. FLOOR
1" C.W.P
1" C.W.P
3" C.W.P
1" C.W.P
3" C.W.P
1" C.W.P
3" C.W.P
3" C.W.P
22ND. FLOOR
1" C.W.P
1" C.W.P
1" C.W.P
3" C.W.P
3" C.W.P
1" C.W.P
3" C.W.P
21ST. FLOOR
1" C.W.P
1" C.W.P
3" C.W.P
1" C.W.P
1" C.W.P
2 1/2" C.W.P
3" C.W.P
2 1/2" C.W.P
20TH. FLOOR
1" C.W.P
3/4" C.W.P
3/4" C.W.P
3" C.W.P
3/4" C.W.P
2 1/2" C.W.P
2 1/2" C.W.P
3" C.W.P
19TH. FLOOR
3/4" C.W.P
3" C.W.P
3/4" C.W.P
3/4" C.W.P
D.W.P.L
1" C.W.P
2 1/2" C.W.P
2 1/2" C.W.P
3" C.W.P
18TH. FLOOR
1" C.W.P
3/4" C.W.P
3/4" C.W.P
3/4" C.W.P
3" P.R.V
2 1/2" P.R.V
2 1/2" P.R.V
3" P.R.V
17TH. FLOOR
1" C.W.P
3" C.W.P
1" C.W.P
1" C.W.P
2 1/2" C.W.P
2 1/2" C.W.P
1" C.W.P
3" C.W.P
16TH. FLOOR
1" C.W.P
1" C.W.P
1" C.W.P
1" C.W.P
2 1/2" C.W.P
2 1/2" C.W.P
2 1/2" C.W.P
2 1/2" C.W.P
15TH. FLOOR
1" C.W.P
1" C.W.P
2 1/2" C.W.P
2" C.W.P
1" C.W.P
1" C.W.P
2" C.W.P
2 1/2" C.W.P
GLOBEVALVE( TYP. )
1" C.W.P
1" C.W.P
14TH. FLOOR
1" C.W.P
2" C.W.P
2 1/2" C.W.P
1" C.W.P
2 1/2"
2" C.W.P
2 1/2" C.W.P
13TH. FLOOR
3/4" C.W.P
1" C.W.P
2 1/2" C.W.P
3/4" C.W.P
2" C.W.P
3/4" C.W.P
2" C.W.P
2 1/2" C.W.P
12TH. FLOOR
1" C.W.P
3/4" C.W.P
2" C.W.P
3/4" C.W.P
3/4" C.W.P
2" C.W.P
2" C.W.P
2" C.W.P
1" C.W.P
11TH. FLOOR
3/4" C.W.P
3/4" C.W.P
3/4" C.W.P
2" P.R.V
2" P.R.V
2" P.R.V
2" P.R.V
10TH. FLOOR
1" C.W.P
1" C.W.P
1" C.W.P
2" C.W.P
D.W.P.L
1" C.W.P
2" C.W.P
2" C.W.P
2" C.W.P
1" C.W.P
2" C.W.P
9TH. FLOOR
1" C.W.P
1" C.W.P
1 1/2" C.W.P
1 1/2" C.W.P
1" C.W.P
2" C.W.P
GLOBEVALVE( TYP. )
1" C.W.P
2" C.W.P
1" C.W.P
1" C.W.P
1 1/2" C.W.P
1 1/2" C.W.P
8TH. FLOOR
1" C.W.P
2" C.W.P
7TH. FLOOR
1" C.W.P
1" C.W.P
1" C.W.P
1" C.W.P
1 1/2" C.W.P
1 1/2" C.W.P
1 1/2" C.W.P
1 1/2" C.W.P
6TH. FLOOR
1" C.W.P
3/4" C.W.P
3/4" C.W.P
1 1/2" C.W.P
1 1/4" C.W.P
3/4" C.W.P
1 1/2" C.W.P
1 1/4" C.W.P
5TH. FLOOR
1" C.W.P
3/4" C.W.P
3/4" C.W.P
3/4" C.W.P
1 1/2" C.W.P
1 1/4" C.W.P
1 1/2" C.W.P
1 1/4" C.W.P
4TH. FLOOR
1" C.W.P
3/4" C.W.P
3/4" C.W.P
3/4" C.W.P
1 1/4" P.R.V
1 1/2" P.R.V
1 1/2" P.R.V
1 1/4" P.R.V
3RD. FLOOR
1" C.W.P
1" C.W.P
1" C.W.P
1 1/4" C.W.P
1" C.W.P
1" C.W.P
1" C.W.P
1 1/4" C.W.P
2ND. FLOOR
1" C.W.P
1" C.W.P
1" C.W.P
D.W.P.L
1" C.W.P
1 1/4" C.W.P
1 1/4" C.W.P
1ST. FLOOR
1"
3/4" C.W.P
3/4" C.W.P
2 1/2" DOMESTICWATER PUMPINGLINE
1" G.S.P
1" GENERALSERVICEPIPE
GRD. FLOOR
3/4" G.S.P
3/4" G.S.P
3/4" G.S.P
3/4" G.S.P
1 1/4" WELLWATERPIPE
3/4" G.S.P
3/4" G.S.P
F.H.C
D.W.P.L
POTABLEWATERINCOMINGPIPE
BLOCK-B LOWERDOMESTIC WATERTANK
8 * 4000 litres (P.ETANKS)
&4 *3000litres (P.ETANKS)
3"
3"
DOMESTICWATER PUMPINGSTATIOND.W.P-B
20m3/HR@95 mEACH
67
68
1
1" C.W.P
11/2" C.W.P
MECH.ROOM
M22
11/4" C.W.P
19TH. FLOOR
FLOATVALVE
p.r
p.r
1" C.W.P
11/2" C.W.P
11/4" C.W.P
UPPERDOMESTICWATERTANK
3*10000litres ( P.ETANKS)
FLOATVALVE
1" C.W.P
1" C.W.P
1" C.W.P
11/4" C.W.P
1" C.W.P
11/4" C.W.P
Drainpipe
3"
3"
1" C.W.P
3"
11/2" C.W.P
11/2" C.W.P
11/4" C.W.P
1" C.W.P
1" C.W.P
1" C.W.P
11/2" C.W.P
3" C.W.P
11/2" C.W.P
11/4" C.W.P
18TH. FLOOR
11/4" C.W.P
17TH. FLOOR
11/4" C.W.P
16TH. FLOOR
11/4" C.W.P
11/4" C.W.P
11/4" C.W.P
11/4" C.W.P
15TH. FLOOR
R1
R2
R3
69
R4
ELECTRICFLOATVALVE
ELECTRICFLOATVALVE
BLOCKB
BLOCK-B
UPPERDOMESTICWATERTANK
2* 7500litres ( P.ETANKS)
BLOCK-B
UPPERDOMESTICWATERTANK
2* 7500litres ( P.ETANKS)
2 "FROMD.W.P-B
3"
3"
MECH.ROOM1
4"C.W.P
BOOSTERUNIT(TYPR1 - R4)
PUMPS- 9m3/HR@15mHEAD
ONESTANDBYWITHPRESSURETANK200L
4" F.F.P
UPPERROOF
4"C.W.P
3"C.W.P
3"C.W.P
ROOF
1 1/2" C.W.P
1 1/4" C.W.P
1 1/4" C.W.P
3"C.W.P
1 1/2" C.W.P
1 1/2"C.W.P
1 1/4" C.W.P
1 1/4"C.W.P
BOOSTERUNIT(TYPR2 - R3)
PUMPS- 6.8m3/HR@15mHEAD
ONESTANDBYWITHPRESSURETANK200L
1 1/4" C.W.P
11/4" C.W.P
24TH. FLOOR
1 1/4"C.W.P
1 1/4" C.W.P
2" C.W.P
2"C.W.P
2"C.W.P
2"C.W.P
23RD. FLOOR
11/4" C.W.P
11/4" C.W.P
1 1/4" C.W.P
1 1/4" C.W.P
2"
2"C.W.P
2"C.W.P
2"C.W.P
2"C.W.P
22ND. FLOOR
11/4" C.W.P
11/4" C.W.P
2"C.W.P
1 1/4" C.W.P
1 1/4" C.W.P
1 1/2"C.W.P
1 1/2"C.W.P
2"C.W.P
21ST. FLOOR
11/4" C.W.P
1 1/4" C.W.P
1 1/4" C.W.P
11/4" C.W.P
1 1/2"C.W.P
1 1/2"C.W.P
2"C.W.P
2"C.W.P
20TH. FLOOR
11/4" C.W.P
11/2" C.W.P
11/4" C.W.P
1 1/4" C.W.P
11/4" C.W.P
1 1/4" C.W.P
1 1/4" C.W.P
1 1/2" C.W.P
MECH.ROOM2
ELECTRICFLOATVALVE
11/4" C.W.P
19TH. FLOOR
UPPERDOMESTICWATERTANK
4 * 10000 litres ( P.ETANKS)
1 1/4" C.W.P
1 1/4" C.W.P
11/4" C.W.P
3"
Drain pipe
11/4" C.W.P
3"
3"
18TH. FLOOR
1 1/4" C.W.P
1 1/4" C.W.P
11/4" C.W.P
1 1/2" C.W.P
1 1/2" C.W.P
3"C.W.P
1 1/2"C.W.P
1 1/2"C.W.P
17TH. FLOOR
1 1/4"C.W.P
11/4" C.W.P
11/4" C.W.P
1 1/4" C.W.P
11/4" C.W.P
1 1/4"C.W.P
11/4" C.W.P
1 1/4" C.W.P
1 1/4"C.W.P
11/4" C.W.P
16TH. FLOOR
15TH. FLOOR
11/4" C.W.P
2"C.W.P
2" C.W.P
1 1/4" C.W.P
2" C.W.P
2 "C.W.P
1 1/4"C.W.P
11/4" C.W.P
14TH. FLOOR
11/4" C.W.P
1 1/4" C.W.P
2 1/2"
2" C.W.P
2"C.W.P
2" C.W.P
2 "C.W.P
13TH. FLOOR
1 1/4"C.W.P
11/4" C.W.P
2" C.W.P
11/4" C.W.P
1 1/4" C.W.P
1 1/2"C.W.P
1 1/2"C.W.P
2 "C.W.P
11/4" C.W.P
12TH. FLOOR
1 1/4"C.W.P
11/2" C.W.P
1 1/4"C.W.P
11/4" C.W.P
1 1/4" C.W.P
11/4" C.W.P
1 1/2" C.W.P
GLOBEVALVE( TYP. )
MECH.ROOM3
11TH. FLOOR
11/4" C.W.P
1 1/4" C.W.P
UPPERDOMESTICWATERTANK
3 * 10000 litres ( P.ETANKS)
3"
3"
3"
10TH. FLOOR
1 1/2" C.W.P
11/4" C.W.P
11/4" C.W.P
1 1/2"C.W.P
11/2" C.W.P
1 1/4" C.W.P
D.W.P.L
11/4" C.W.P
1 1/2" C.W.P
9TH. FLOOR
1 1/4"C.W.P
11/4" C.W.P
11/4" C.W.P
1 1/4" C.W.P
1 1/4"C.W.P
1 1/4" C.W.P
1 1/4"C.W.P
1 1/4"C.W.P
1 1/4" C.W.P
8TH. FLOOR
1 1/4" C.W.P
7TH. FLOOR
1 1/4" C.W.P
2"C.W.P
2"C.W.P
1 1/4"C.W.P
2"C.W.P
2"C.W.P
6TH. FLOOR
1 1/4" C.W.P
1 1/4"C.W.P
2"C.W.P
2" C.W.P
1 1/4"C.W.P
1 1/4" C.W.P
2"C.W.P
2"C.W.P
5TH. FLOOR
1 1/4" C.W.P
1 1/4"C.W.P
11/2" C.W.P
2"C.W.P
1 1/4" C.W.P
1 1/4"C.W.P
1 1/2"C.W.P
2"C.W.P
4TH. FLOOR
1 1/4" C.W.P
1 1/4"C.W.P
2" C.W.P
11/2" C.W.P
1 1/4" C.W.P
1 1/4"C.W.P
2"C.W.P
1 1/2"C.W.P
3RD. FLOOR
1 1/4" C.W.P
1 1/4"C.W.P
11/4" C.W.P
2" C.W.P
1 1/4" C.W.P
1 1/4"C.W.P
1 1/4"C.W.P
2"C.W.P
2ND. FLOOR
1 1/4" C.W.P
1 1/4"C.W.P
1 1/4" C.W.P
1 1/4"C.W.P
D.W.P.L
Riser diagram
(Break pressure tanks II)
11/2" C.W.P
2" C.W.P
2"C.W.P
1ST. FLOOR
11/4" C.W.P
3/4" C.W.P
1"C.W.P
2 1/2" DOMESTICWATERPUMPINGLINE
2"CWP
2
C.W.P
1 1/2" C.W.P
1 1/2" GENERALSERVICEPIPE
11/2" C.W.P
GRD. FLOOR
1 1/4" G.S.P
1 1/4"G.S.P
1 1/4" G.S.P
1 1/4"G.S.P
1 1/4"G.S.P
1 1/4" G.S.P
1 1/4" WELLWATERPIPE
POTABLEWATERFROMMAINCITY
BLOCK-BLOWERDOMESTICWATERTANK
3"
3"
DOMESTICWATERPUMPINGSTATIOND.W.P-B
20 m3/HR@95 mEACH
DP-pump
Indirectpum
Indirect
pumping
pingsystemCasestudy(II)
systemCase study(II)
70
PRV
71
72
73
74
1
Now
!!
75
76
77
78
L eff . = L + L e
b) The
Th ttotal
t lh
head
d lloss
ss or pressure
ss
d
drop hL is :
The head loss per unit of length is about (5
(5 ft
p
by
y the effective length
g .
w./100
w./
100 ft ) multiplied
hL = h1 L eff .
1
79
hA = hs t + hL
80
Safety Margin
To avoid any miscalculation during pump selection, it
is recommended to apply
pp y a safety
y margin
g of
around 5% for the estimated flow rate & 10 % for
the estimated head.
For example :
Estimated Flow rate Q = 30 L/s & Head 25 m
The recommended flow & head will be :
Q= 30
30L/s
L/s +5
+5% , & H =25
=25m
m +10
+10%
%
81
hA QV
Pump Power =
hA QV
Pump Motor Power =
0
1
82
Review !
1
83
Vertical Multistage
g Pumps
p
84
85
86
87
SUBMERSIBLE PUMP
88
Booster pump
Packages
89
( Auto-pneumatic,
p
pressurized
p
system )
Boosted water directly to each floor.
This method of providing high rise buildings with water supplies is more common, as it does not require electrical wiring
from ground/basement where the booster pump is situated to the high level tank room where the float switches are located in
the storage tank and drinking water header.
There are a number of specialist pump manufacturers who offer water pressurization plant similar to that shown in the
pressurization unit drawing.The cold water down service will require pressure reduction at intervals of five storeys to avoid
excessive pressures at the draw off points. The pressure vessel is sized to hold the calculated quantity of water, as
a rule of thumb the vessel capacity is about 15 minute
minutess the actual discharge.
As water is drawn off through the high level fittings, the water level in the
vessel falls. At a predetermined low level a pressure switch activates the booster pump.
The capacity of the pneumatic pressure tank :
Vmin =
net volume
Degree of admission
Degree of admission =
P2 P1
P2
Ref[1]
90
91
92
Example
93
94
95
96
valve
Estimated pumps
d h
discharge
G
Gpm or m 3/h
D?
Estimated
E tim t d
Pump s
Head m
Static (hs)
Review
1
97
end--of curve
end
98
2- Efficiency curve
The efficiency of a centrifugal pump is the ratio of water
power to brake power.
Water power
P =
Shaft power
99
3- Power curve
The shaft power is determined in order to select a motor for the pump
pump.
The shaft power can be determined directly from the manufacturers
catalogue plot or calculated from the following formula :
shaft Power = H Q
From the equation,
q
, it is clear that the main
parameter affecting the shaft power is the
discharge and not the head.
head. This is becau
of the increase in the discharge for the same
pipe diameter leading to additional losses
which need more power to drive the pump.
pump.
100
101
102
103
R f to
Refer
t our
u L
Lecture
ctu notes
n t s [R
[Reff [6] .
104
105
15 L/s
17 L/s
13
L/s
106
Pump selection
Pump is selected based on the B.E.P. or nearly so . However the acceptable drop in
efficiency is limited to only 7 % from its maximum efficiency . As far as the
available NPSH is equal or exceeds the required NPSH
107
108
P
Pumps
power
Mono--block
Mono
109
The hydraulic
y
power
p
or water power
p
is given
g
by:
y
water power = F V = P A V = QV hm
S.P =
Input power=
water power
Water power
Transmissi
Motorefficiency
Pumpefficiency
on efficiency
Pump efficiency & motor power is selected from the manufacturer catalogues.
catalogues.
For Example ; The Transmition efficiency is taken as follows:
1- Case of shaft coupling = 1 ,
2- Case of flat belt Transmition = 0.9 to 0.93
3- Case of VV-belt Transmition = 0.9393- 0.95.
95.
1
110
UP to 7.5 kW add 20
20%
%
pp
y 15
15%
%
From 7.5 - 40 kW add approximately
From 40 kW and above add approximately
10%
10%.
10
%
%.
111
Pumps power
M
Manufacturer
f t
Pumps power
End curve
Required
Pumps Shaft
power
Constant speed
Monoblock-- Pump
Monoblock
1
112
Class exercise
Select the size of the pump from the coverage chart shown in
the accompanied figure , assuming that , the estimated head
and discharge are h= 30 m & Q= 30 m3 /h respectively.
Solution
S l ti :
Enter the chart at Q= 30 m3 /h and move vertically up to the
line of intersection with
h=
h 30 m. The
Th selection
l ti charts
h t give
i the
th following
f ll i pump
selections for the present data:
CN 4040-160 or CN40
CN40--200 at n =2900
=2900 rpm. The CN
CN40
40--160 is
selected for the reason of economy.
economy
After this preliminary selection, you will be able to analyze the
performance characteristic curve CN40
CN40--160
CN: Standard motor
40 mm delivery output
160 mm impeller diameter
1
113
m3/hr
114
115
Class exercise
A centrifugal pump is used to supply water to a
1010
- floor building,
g, which consists of 35 flats.
Each flat is occupied by 6 persons.
1-Work out the daily water requirement, the
underground
d
d and
d overhead
h d ttank
k capacity.
it
Assuming that, each person requires 35 gal of
per day.
y
water / p
2- Estimate the pumping rate of the pump.
The pumping of water is controlled automatically
using automatic water level switches.
116
117
Speed
reduction
Pumps
Shaft
power
1
118
Summary
Using constant speed centrifugal pump
,it is not possible to get a const flow rate
under variable pressure condition
condition.
(@BEP)
z Using constant speed centrifugal pump
,it is not possible to get a const pressure
under variable flow
flow. (@BEP)
Variable speed pump accompanied with
f
frequency
iinverter
t (VFD) can do
d So!
S !
z
119
It
120
Using a differential
pressure transmitter, the
pump is balancing the
friction losses of system
curve.
Q
121
M i t i i a constant
Maintaining
t t flow
fl
rate
t
It can guarantee a
constant flow at
variable head
122
Q ~ RPM
2
H ~ RPM
SP ~ RPM3
1
123
124
125
Affinity laws
Doubling the pump rotational
speed
d leads
l d tto:
1- Double the discharge.
discharge
2- Increase the total head
value by a factor of 4.
3- Increase the power by a
factor of 8.
1
126
Class Exercise
A pump delivers 2000 L /min. of water against
a head of 20m at a efficiency of 70 % and
running at shaft rotational speed of 3000 rpm.
Estimate the new pump characteristics if the
p
of the shaft is changed
g to
rotational speed
4000 rpm. Assume the pump efficiency is
constant .
127
Summary of Exercise
128
Chap. 4
129
130
1
131
Suppose we have a large flat
having the following
plumbing
p
g fixtures estimate the circulated pump
p p
discharge in gpm. :
4
4
2
4
2
showers
lavatories
bath tubes
bidet
sinks
i k
x 2 x 0.75 = 6
x 1 x 0.75 = 3
x 2 x 0.75 = 3
x 2 x 0.75 = 6
x 2 x 0.75 = 3
_________
Total = 21 FU
For every 20 FU provide 1 gpm of
circulation 21 FU/ 20 FU = 1.05 gpm .
132
133
134
Pipe insulation :
Hot water p
pipes
p are
insulated in order to
prevent losses of heat to
atmosphere.
h
Insulation
I
l i
material could be
fiberglass or rubber type
insulation like armaflex
which comes in the form of
tube and the pipe is pulled
inside it .
135
Pipe insulation:
reasons:
z Heat conservation.
conservation
z Reduce noise.
z Control surface condensation.
z Freeze prevention.
prevention
136
137
Insulation thickness
Thi k
Thicknesses
or iinsulation
l ti to
t be
b supplied
li d and
d installed
i t ll d for
f the
th various
i
systems shall conform to the following table:
(Fiber glass thickness)
a. Conditioned air supply and return (ductwork) 1 11//2"
b. Refrigerant suction and liquid lines:
1/2"
c. Condensate drain pipes
1/2"
d. Acoustic duct liner.
1
e: Heating
H ti water
t pipes
i
up to
t 1" di
diameter:
t
1"
f. Heating water pipes above 1 :
1 1/
1/2"
g. Domestic hot water pipes:
1"
k. Boiler, water heater
2
L. Boiler breeching & steel chimney
2.1/2
138
E
Expansion
i of
f Pipe
Pi
material
t i l
L = L T
L =Amount of change in pipe length, mm
= Coefficient of linear expansion,
expansion mm/m.
mm/m C
C ( for (API
(API ) PPr =0.15 mm/m C)
T= Temperature difference , C
C
L = is the original length of pipe m
For example : A 6 m copper pipe is subjected to temperature difference of 50 C
Calculate the pipe expansion L :
L = 0.15 x 6 x 50 =45 mm
139
Ls = 30 25 45 = 10 cm
140
141
Determination of
f the
h Width
d h between
b
the
h arms B
142
B= 200 +2 x L =200+
200+ 2x45 = 290 mm.
143
144
145
146
147
Instantaneous or semi
semi-instantaneous
types of heaters
Thermostat
Drain
148
1.25 "
4 bar
Pressure Releif valve
Temp.
Si off EWH :
Size
1"
Cold water
1"
15, 20 , 30,
15,
30, 40,
40, 50 ,
66,, 80 &1 20 gallons
66
3/4 of the total fixture units are used forc old water
Power =
Where Shc is the specific heat capacity of water ( 4.2 Kj/kg. K), Heating time or recovery period T = 3
hrs, The mass of water 150 Liters = 150 Kg., Temperature rise from 10 to 65 C.
Insulation efficiency is 7575-80 %.
1
149 have
In general, electric water heaters
are fully automatic and
a storage tank, one or more electric elements, and operating
and
d safety
f
controls.
l Th
The h
heating
i elements
l
are available
il bl in
i a
variety of standard voltages and wattages to meet the
specific requirements of the installations.
installations
150
Hot w
H
water demand
m
(definitions)
Demand of water supply :
is the rate of flow in pg
pgm furnished by
y a water
supply system to various types of plumbing fixtures
and water outlets under normal conditions.
Maximum Demand:
is the p
peak value of the demand. The values Hot of
water demand
are shown
Demand factor :
is the ratio of the maximum demand of the hot water
h ti system
heating
t m to
t th
the ttotal
t l connected
t d lload
d or the
th
total of the individual requirements of all the fixtures
of the system.
151
152
Ah
hott-water
hott storage
t
tank
t k mustt meett code
d requirements
i
t th
thatt d
depend
d
on its size and pressure and the authority having jurisdiction. Its
capacity should be selected so that 60 to 80 percent of the volume of
water in the tank may be drawn off before the temperature drop
(caused by the incoming cold water) becomes unacceptable. A value
of 70 percent usually is used in design calculations.
g vessel
Heated water from boiler enter the coil of the water storage
where it will heat the water , and then returns to boiler at lower
temperature . Whereas the domestic Hot water leaves the top of the
water tank to the supply distribution piping upon demand for the
various fixtures and apparatus. When recalculation of the hot water
is provided,
provided the warm water is returned to the bottom of the hot
water vessel or tank by a circulate pump.
N
Normally
ll heating
h ti water
t from
f
boiler
b il enters
t the
th water
t tank
t k att 180 F (
82 C ) and return to boiler at 160 F ( 70 C), T = 1212-15 C.
153
The hot water storage for Buildings & Hotels will be calculated based on unit hourly
demand rates as follows :
galon per hour
Fixture type
Building
Hotels
L t
Lavatory
2 gph
h
2 gph
h
bathtub
20 gph
20 gph
Shower
30 gph
75 gph
Sink
10 gph
30 gph
Laundry
20 gph
28 gph
Dishwashers
15 gph
50 gph
Demand factor
0.3
0.25
Storage factor
1.25
0.8
Domestic hot water temperature will be 60
60 C.
Table HwHw-1
154
Table HwHw-2
155
157
Acceptable
p
Temperature
p
of domestic Hot water
F = 1.8 C + 32 , C = 0.55 (F - 32
32))
Example
158
60 x 2 gp
gph = 120 gp
gph
= 10 x 20 gph
h = 200 gph
h .
Shower
Dishwasher
159
Step 3 :
The Maximum demand of the hot water demand is:
=((60
=((
60
2gph)+ ((60
60
30
30gph)+
gph)+ (40
(40
10
10gph)
gph) + ((40
40 x 15 gph)
+(10
+(
10x
x 20 gph ))= 3120 gph.
Step 4
Building demand factor = 0.3 (from table HW
HW-1 ).
Hourly heating capacity = (3120
(3120
0.3) = (936
(936 gph)= 15
15..6
gpm.= 0.985 liter /sec or 3546 L/hr.
Step 5
The required capacity of the storage tank is:
Usable capacity = 936 x 1.25 = 1170 gal i.e. (4429 liters)
[1.25 is the storage factor from table HwHw-1]
Safety
S
f t st
storage::
Since only 70
70%
% of the tank is usable
usable,, so the actual
160
Q = m C T
I U.S.
In
U S units
it
Boiler Power Q (BTU/h) = GPM (60min/hou r) T1 (8.3
(8 3 lb/gal)
Q (boiler in BTU/h) = 500 gpm T1
Where
gpm
p = is the calculated water demand in gpm
p (flow rate ) ;
T = is the temperatur e difference between initial & Fianal [ 101 oF]
From th
F
the previous
i
example,
l we have
h
936 gph
h = 15
15..6 gpm
of water to be heated , temperature rise T=
T=101
101 F.
QT= 500 x 15.
15.6 x 101 = 787800 BTU/hr =
=230
230 Kw.
In SI units
units:
Power KW =
Boiler power
1
161
1 Kw = 860 Kcal/hr.
Kcal/hr = 3413 BTU/ hr.
hr
1boiler hp = 9.81 KW.
The required gross boiler power for heating water + overcome the heat
loss from pipe and boiler + the heat needed to rise the initial water
temperature ( Pick up ) is given by:
QBoiler = QT [1+ a + b]
QT = Calculated boiler
boiler power
power
,a = additional heat coefficient to overcome the heat loss in the pipe
systems and boiler. [0
[0.1]
b = additional heat coefficient to overcome the pick up period [0
[0.1 to 0.2]
. The required gross output is then;
QBoiler = [1
[1.2 or 1.3 ] QT
As mentioned before : for QT= 230 Kw ,
162
T=82
T=
82 C
T=10
T=
10 C
T=72
T=
72 C
163
164
For hot water systems in 1which piping from the
heater to the fixture or appliance
pp
is short [(30
[(30
m), or less], circulating systems are not generally
used. But it is common p
practice to provide
p
circulating pump in all hot water supply systems in
which it is desirable to have hot water available
continuously at the fixtures.
Or:
0.5 gpm (0
(0.03161/s)
03161/s) for each 0.75
75- or 1 riser;
1 gpm
gp (0
(0.06311/s)
06311/s)) for each 1.25
25 - or 1.5 riser;
2 gpm for each 2 riser.
165
166
Calculation of circulating
g pump
p p -1 capacity
p
y
Circulating
pump 1
H.W. S
R.H.W.
H.W.Storage tank
H.W. S
R.H.W.
Circulating
g ppump
p
C.W.S
1
167
Suppose we have a building
containing the
following
g plumbing
p
g fixtures estimate the circulate
pumppump
-1 flow rate in gpm
gpm.. :
Lavatories =
60 x 1 x 0.75 = 45 Fus.
= 10 x 2 x 0.75 = 15 Fus .
Shower
= 60 x 2 x 0.75 = 90 Fus.
Dishwasher
= 40 x 1 x 0.75 = 30 Fus .
Total = 240 FU
For every 20 FU provide 1 gpm of circulation 240 FU/ 20
FU = 12 gpm
This is the discharge of the circulated pump , which
circulate the water from (boiler tank) to building.
168
P T
P.R.V.
H.W.Storage tank
H.W. S
R.H.W.
BOILER
Boiler
Circulating pump
FUEL Supply
Expansion Vessel
Pump 2
Circulating pump
C.W.S
169
In SI units:
Power KW = Kg/sec.
/
4.2Kj/Kg.C
4 2 j/
C (11) C
Power Kw
227
Kg/sec =
=
= 4.9
4 9 L/s
4.2 11
4.2 11
This is the discharge of the circulated pump 2, which
circulate the water from boilerboiler-storage tank
tank- Boiler.
170
H d of
Head
f th
the Ci
Circulated
l t d pump
As it is known that , the role of the circulated pump
is to overcome loss due to pipe friction & fittings.
h =h
A
L included .
The elevation difference
is not
The head loss due is determined from Darcy equation
as mentioned in chap. 9
171
Instantaneous or semisemi-instantaneous
types of heaters
172
Inst nt n us T
Instantaneous
Type:
p :
The instantaneous indirect water heater is used to meet a demand for a
steady,
d continuous supply
l of
f hot
h water. In this
h type of
f unit, the
h water is
heated instantaneously as it flows through the tubes of the heating coil.
coil.
The heating
g medium (steam or hot boiler water) flows through
g the steel
pipe shell yielding a small ratio of hot water volume to heating medium
volume. Instantaneous water heaters are designed to provide sufficient
capacity
capac ty to heat the required
requ red quantity
quant ty of water (usually expressed in
n gpm
(l/s)) at the time the hot water draw occurs. Storage tanks are not usually
part of an instantaneous water heater, although a separate storage tank
may be used to provide hot water
water. Since instantaneous heaters are of the
high demand type, a circulating pump should be installed in both the boiler
water and domestic water piping circuits.
173
Semi-Instantaneous Type:
yp
They are similar to instantaneous water heater except
th t Semi-instantaneous
that,
S i i t t
water
t h
heaters
t
have
h
limited
li it d
storage. Storage capacities are determined by the
manufacturer to average momentary surges of hot water.
water
1
175
Example on the calculation
of water demand using
semisemi
-instantaneous type of heaters .
Determine the required capacity in gpm of a semiinstantaneous water heater for a high school in which
there are 6 wash fountains , 10 showers, 2 service sinks,
1 p
pantry
y sink , and 4 p
private lavatory
y basins.
Step-1& 2: Tabulate the number of plumbing fixture & Multiply
6 x 2.5
2 5 = 15 Fus.
Fus
Service sink
= 2 x 2.5 = 5 Fus .
P nt sink
Pantry
ink
= 1 x 2.5
2 5 = 2.5
2 5 Fus
F .
Showers
= 30 x 1.5 = 45 Fus.
Private lavatory basins = 4 x 0.75
0 75 = 3Fus ,
Total Fixture units = 70.5 FUs
176
HWHW
-3
177
HWHW
-4
Another 178
way to
determine gpm
HWHW
-4
179
1
(b)
15 gpm
Drawing of Water
Distribution
Systems
180
181
182
183
BOILER SPECIFICATIONS
1
184
185
1
High efficiency
Cast Iron Boilers
186
Diesel Fuel
187
Gas
boilers
25 to 200 horsepower
Water
188
Diesel
D esel fuel boilers
bo lers
189
190
191
Fire tube
F
u
boiler
15 to 1500 horsepower
192
Burner
193
194
B
Breeching
hi
z
195
196
1 Kw
w = 9600 Kcal//hr. = 33413 BT
TU/ hr.
1booiler hp
p = 9.811 KW.
1
197
198
199
Water hammer is a pulsating type noise caused by shock waves when water flowing at high velocity in a pipe is suddenly
arrested. This can happen due to sudden closer off manually operated valves or due to instantaneous closer off automatic valves
(e.g. solenoid , or motorized valves ) or sudden electrical power failure of the pumping system ( non-return valve).
PMax = 0.1 C V / g
Where PMax is the maximum p
pressure developed
p on sudden closure.
PMax = 0.1 1470 V / 9.81 = 15 V ( Kgf / Cm 2 )
C is velocity of sound ( 1470 m/s), V is the flow velocity m/s.
The maximum pressure developed will be PMax + the actual pressure in the line pressure
Ref-- 9
Ref
200
Air vent
201
References
1
202
1212
- Internet web sides
End
203