Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
search
Pages
4 weeks ago
Brahmo Samaj:
Founded by Raja Ram Mohan Roy in 1828.
Criticized Sati Pratha, casteism and advocated widow remarriage.
He was opposed to Sanskrit system of education; because he thought it would
keep the country in darkness. He supported Western education.
Other important leaders were Devendranath Tagore (father of Rabindranath
Tagore) and Keshap Chandra Sen.
Arya Samaj:
Founded by Swami Dayanand (or, Moolshankar) in 1875.
He Said Go back to the vedas & India for the Indians.
He disregarded Puranas, idol worship, casteism and untouchability. He advocated
widow remarriage.
Dayanands views were published in his famous work, Satyarth Prakash.
He also wrote Veda Bhashya Bhumika and Veda Bhashya.
Ramakrishna Mission:
Founded by Swami Vivekanand ( OR Narendranath Dutta) (1863 1902) in 1897,
11 years after the death of his mentor Ram Krishna Paramhans.
Swami Vivekanand attended the Parliament of Religion at Chicago in 1893.
Irish woman Margaret Nobel (Known as sister Nivedita) popularized it.
Calcutta.
He urged the students to live and die for truth. He also supported womens
education and their rights.
Formed along the lines of the Brahmo Samaj, the Veda Samaj of Madras (in 1864 by
Sridhalu Naidu) and the Prathana Samaj of Bombay (in 1866 by M. G. Ranade and R.
Bhandarkar) were formed. An educated middle class had arisen there too and it sought
the reform of society and religion. The Prathana Samaj emphasized more on social
reforms.
Dharma Sabha:
Initiated by Radhakant Deb in 1830.
Was opposed to reforms and protected orthodoxy, but played an active role in
promoting western education even to girls.
Lokahitawadi:
Started by Gopal Hari Deshmukh. Advocated western education and a rational
outlook. He advocated female education for the upliftment of women.
As a votary of national self-reliance, he attended Delhi durbar in 1876, wearing
handspun khadi cloth.
Founded by Gopal Krishna Gokhale in 1905 to unite and train Indians of different ethnicities and religions in
welfare work.
It was the first secular organization in india to devote itself to the underprivileged, rural and tribal people, emergency
Members go through a five-year training period and agree to serve on extremely modest salaries. In 1915 Gokhale
was succeeded as president by Srinivasa Sastri (18691946). The organization has its headquarters in Pune (Poona)
and branches in Chennai (Madras),Mumbai (Bombay), Allahabad, Nagpur, and other locales
Founded in 1861 by a banker of Agra, Tulsi Ram, popularly known as Shiv Dayal
Saheb or Swami Maharaj.
Radha Soami Movement was a Catholic movement that believed in the union of the soul with God that originated in
the 19th century.
The sect preached belief in one supreme being, the Gurus supreme position and a
simple social life for the believers (the Satsangis).
Theosophical Society:
Founded by Westerners who drew inspiration from Indian thought and culture.
Madam H P Blavatsky & Col.M.S. Olcott of the US Army laid the foundation of the
movement in Newyork in 1875.
Shifted to India at Adyar (Tamil Nadu) in 1982 .
Annie Besant was elected its president in 1907. She founded the Central Hindu
College in 1898, which became Banaras Hindu University in 1916.
Viceroys Of India
1. Lord Canning (1856 1862):
The last Governor General and the first Viceroy.
1857 -Revolution took place in his time.
On Nov, 1858, the power transfered from company to British Crown
Withdrew Doctrine of Lapse.
The Universities of Calcutta, Bombay and Madras were established in 1857.
Indian Councils Act was passed in 1861.
Indian princes.
For the first time in Indian history, a census was held in 1871.
Organised the Statistical Survey of India.
Was the only Viceroy to be murdered in office by a Pathan convict in the
Andamans in 1872.
women and children, although it failed to address concerns such as work hours for
men.
Categorization of Civil Services into Imperial, Provincial and Subordinate.
Indian Council Act of 1892 was passed.
Appointment of Durand Commission to define the line between British India and
Afghanistan.
August Declaration of 1917, whereby control over the Indian government would be
gradually transferred to the Indian people.
The government of India Act in 1919 (Montague Chelmsford reforms) was
passed.
Rowlatt Act of 1919 (passed on 10 march ,1919 authorized the government to
imprison any person suspected of terrorism living in the Raj for up to two years
without a trial , right to habeus corpus withdrew)=> Rowlatt satyagrah ( 6 april '1919
) => Protests in Punjab => 2 Leaders of punjab arrested ( Dr. Satya Pal and Dr.
Saifuddin Kitchlew ) => Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (April 13, 1919).
Non Cooperation Movement and Khilafat Movement ( 1920-22)
An Indian Sir S.P.Sinha was appointed the Governor of Bihar and Odisha in 1920,
Ist indian to be appinted such a high post.
A Womens university was founded at Poona in 1916.
Saddler Commission was appointed in 1917 to envisage new educational policy.
class in addition to Muslim , Christian and anglo indian . Gandhiji went on a fast in
protest against this division.=> Poona Pact signed between Gandhi and Ambedkar in
Yerwada jail (pune) .
Third Round Table conference in 1932.
Government of India Act (1935) was passed.
Constitutional Development
Regulating Act, 1773:
End of Dual govt.
Governor of Bengal to be the Governor General of British territories of India.
National Activities
The Indian National Congress:
Formed in 1885 by A.O.Hume, an Englishman and a retired civil servant.
First session in Bombay under W.C.Banerjee in 1885 (72 delegates attended it).
In the first two decades (1885 1905), quite moderate in its approach and
confided in British justice and generosity.
But the repressive measures of the British gave rise to extremists within Congress
like Bipin Chandra Pal, Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Lala Lajpat Rai (Lal, Bal, Pal).
Partition of Bengal:
By Lord Curzon on Oct 16, 1905, through a royal Proclamation, reducing the old
province of Bengal in size by creating East Bengal and Assam out of rest of Bengal.
The objective was to set up a communal gulf between Hindus and Muslims.
A mighty upsurge swept the country against the partition. National movement
found real expression in the movement against the partition of Bengal in 1905.
Swadeshi Movement (1905):
Lal, Bal, Pal, and Aurobindo Ghosh played the important role.
INC took the Swadeshi call first at the Banaras Session, 1905 presided over by
G.K.Gokhale.
Bonfires of foreign goods were conducted at various places.
Formation of Muslim League (1906):
Setup in 1906 under the leadership of Aga Khan, Nawab Salimullah of Dhaka and
Nawab Mohsin-ul-Mulk.
It was a loyalist, communal and conservative political organization which
supported the partition of Bengal, opposed the Swadeshi movement, demanded
special safeguards to its community and a separate electorate for Muslims.
Demand for Swaraj:
In Dec 1906 at Calcutta, the INC under Dadabhai Naoroji adopted Swaraj (Selfgovt) as the goal of Indian people for the first time
Revolutionary Activities:
The first political murder of a European was committed in 1897 at Poona by the
Chapekar brothers, Damodar and Balkishan. Their target was Mr.Rand, President of
the Plague Commission, but Lt.Ayerst was accidentally shot.
In 1907, Madam Bhikaiji Cama, a Parsi revolutionary unfurled the flag of India at
Stuttgart Congress (of Second international) in Germany .
In 1908, Khudiram Bose and Prafulla chaki threw a bomb on the carriage of
kingford, the unpopular judge of Muzaffapur. Khudiram, Kanhaiyalal Dutt and
Satyendranath Bose were hanged. (Alipur Case).
In 1909, M L Dhingra shot dead Col.William Curzon Whyllie, the political advisor of
it , but then congress rejected it because of weak center and less powers to center
and more powers to princely states and ML rejected it when they found congress
could change the plan through their majority in constituent assembly and then ML
rejected the plan on 29 july and declared Direct Action Day ( 16 august , 1946) to
concede their demand for Dream Pakistan
At the time of independence, there were 562 small and big Princely States in India.
Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel, the first home minister, used iron hand in this regard. By
August 15, 1947, all the States, with a few exceptions like Kashmir, Hyderabad and
Junagarh had signed the Instrument of Accession. Goa was with the Portuguese (
liberated in 1961) and Pondicherry with the French ( liberated in 1956).
Newspaper Journals
Newspaper/Journal Founder/Editor
View comments
Top comments
VIDEO CURRENT AFFAIRS via Google+
2 weeks ago
Shared publicly
Shared publicly
Shared publicly