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2. Do you think the vehicles navigation would be different if a human driver were
behind the wheel? What advantage would the human have over the robotic navigation
system? What advantage might a robotic system have over a human driver?
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2. What can you conclude about the influence of separation and interframe interval on
the perception of apparent movement?
3. How could you compare your perception of movement when there is a large
separation and small separation between the spheres? (Set interframe interval so you
perceive movement for both small and large separations. Then, describe whether the
movement is the same or different in the two cases.)
4. What do you think a Gestalt psychologist would have to say about this effect?
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4. How does the result in #3 relate to (a) the structuralists idea that perception is caused
by sensations, and (b) the Gestalt psychologists ideas about perception?
5. What happens to your perception when you delete the sphere? Based on this
observation, what is the crucial stimulus characteristic for creating illusory contours?
6. Describe what you saw when you moved the slider in the curved contour figure.
Based on this observation, what is the crucial stimulus characteristic for creating
curved illusory contours?
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2. What variation in the display caused the illusory surface to appear transparent, rather
than solid?
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2. How would the Gestalt psychologists use this result to support their ideas about
perception?
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2. Describe how the size of the illusion changed as you varied the width of the yellow
stripes. What happened to your perception of the illusion when you clicked on
transparent ?
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A small grey cube cut out of one corner of the large colored cube.
b)
A small grey cube jutting out from the corner of the large colored cube.
Click on the arrow under the display to activate the movie. You can stop the movie at
any point and move the slider below the movie yourself. (Note that you cannot control
the two white sliders in side the picture.)
Demonstration courtesy of Michael Bach.
RESULTS & DISCUSSION
1. Describe what happens when your perception flips from a to b (see above). How
does the grey cube move when you perceive it as jutting out from the colored cube?
3. What happens to movement of the large cube beginning about one minute into the
movie? How does that affect your perception?
4. How does your perception of this display support the idea that the stimulus on the
retina is ambiguous?
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2. Explain what you perceived after clicking on help me 1. After clicking on help me
1 off, was your perception the same as it was before you clicked?
3. Describe what you saw when clicking on help me 2. What did clicking on this
button demonstrate to you with regards to the power of motion as a cue for perceptual
organization?
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3. We certainly can construct stimulus displays in which the Gestalt laws will result in
incorrect perceptions. If these laws are fallible, why is our perception in the real
world as accurate as it tends to be? (Hint: See #2 above). When are we most likely to
be led astray by the Gestalt laws? Give an example, if possible.
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2. What do you think would happen if the balls were randomly colored red or blue,
rather than using rows or columns to assign color? Would grouping still occur?
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2. Describe how the pattern was organized in the GOOD CONTINUATION condition.
How is this organization consistent with the law of good continuation?
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2. Describe a situation in the real world in which the law of proximity operates to
determine our perception.
3. Why are we usually able to determine where one object begins and another ends, even
if the objects are touching one another?
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2. What features did you find most important in allowing the vase to be perceived as an
object with little ambiguity? Why were reversals still possible?
3. Do you think you would have noticed the alternative figure-ground orientation for the
version showing the picture of the wedding present if you were not primed to look for
it?
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2. What cues allowed you to identify the figures in this ambiguous stimulus? Explain.
3. What real-world situation corresponds to the very low contrast conditions possible in
this demonstration?
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2. Watch the film a second time. Could you perceive any more pictures the second time
than the first time? Why do you think this might be?
3. Move the slider manually to reveal some of the pictures. Then view the film, looking
specifically for one or two particular pictures. Does your perception differ from your
initial viewing? If you saw more (even though the exposure time was still the same),
why does this occur?
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2. When you moved the mask slowly with your slider, what happened to your perception
of the face at the point when you were just able to see some of the faces features on
the hollow side? Explain why this occurred.
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2. If there were differences between this demonstration and the previous one, what
characteristics of the stimulus might be involved?
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2. Can you explain your perception of the nose ring relative to the mouth when viewing
the hollow side of the mask?
3. Do you perceive the illusion when the face mask is laid on its side? What happens to
the appearance of the eyes in this position as opposed to when the face mask was
upright?
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2. What can you conclude from your data regarding the relative speed of local and global
processing?
3. Reaction time data is very useful, but it must be interpreted carefully. If you were
slower responding to one letter, what conclusions are possible? If you were faster in
one condition than another, but you also made more errors in that condition, what
problem does this create in interpreting your data?
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