Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
RESEARCH ARTICLE
www.ijera.com
OPEN ACCESS
Patch
Antenna
ABSTRACT
In this paper simple RMPA is designed and its performance parameters are compared with RMPA having
defected ground plane. The antenna is simulated at 2.4 GHz using CAD-FEKO simulation software .This work
mainly includes modification of antenna ground plane called as Defected Ground Structure (DGS). The
parameters of antenna such as Reflection coefficient, Gain, VSWR and Band width, with and without DGS are
measured. The main focus of this paper is to improve band width so that patch antenna is used for wide band
applications and study effect of DGS on antenna parameters.
Keywords - CAD-FEKO, Defected Ground Structure (DGS), Reflection coefficient, Rectagular Microstrip
Patch Antenna (RMPA), VSWR .
I. INTRODUCTION
Microstrip patch antennas are more popularly
used now a days due to its various advantages such
as light weight, low volume, compatibility with
integrated circuits ,easy to install on the rigid surface
and low cost. Microstrip patch antennas are design to
operate in dual-band and multi-band application
either dual or circular polarization. These antennas
are used in different handheld communicating
devices [5]
The simple Microstrip patch Antenna [16]
consists of a dielectric substrate having fixed
dielectric constant . Radiating patch is present on
one side of a dielectric substrate and a ground plane
is present on other side of a substrate . The metallic
patch may take any geometrical shapes
like
rectangular, triangular ,circular , helical, ring,
elliptical etc. The dimensions of the patch are
corresponds to the resonant frequency of antenna .
However, microstrip patch antennas are having
narrow bandwidth and bandwidth enhancement is
necessary for most of the practical applications, so
for increasing the bandwidth different approaches
have been utilized. Defected Ground Structure is one
of them . In addition most of the applications which
uses microstrip antenna in communication systems
like mobile handheld communicating devices require
smaller antenna size . Different advance tools to the
design of very compact microstrip patch antennas
have been introduced over the last few years. [5]
Meaning of DGS is , in ground plane of patch
antenna some defected shape is introduced and
depending on the different dimension ,shape and size
of the defect the shielded current distribution will get
disturb [13] . Input impedance and the current flow
of the antenna will get affected due to disturbance at
www.ijera.com
123 | P a g e
www.ijera.com
design is 2.4
(1)
124 | P a g e
(2)
Substituting : r = 4.4, W = 38.03 mm and h = 1.6
mm,
we get:
reff = 4.3996
3: Effective length calculation ( Leff ):
The effective length is:
www.ijera.com
Lg = 6h + L = 37.9 mm
Wg = 6h + W = 47.63mm
(6)
(7)
(8)
Y0= 8.1016 mm
(4)
Substituting : reff = 4.3996 , W = 38.03 mm and
h =1.6 mm we get
L = 7.4800e-4 = 0.748 mm
Sr No.
1
2
3
(5)
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
2.4 GHz
37.9012 mm
47.6363 mm
5 mm
8.1016 mm
28.30 mm
38.03 mm
3.00mm
www.ijera.com
www.ijera.com
126 | P a g e
www.ijera.com
VI. Results
The RMPA defect on ground plane resonates at
frequencies 2.4 GHz . This shows that when defect is
introduced in the ground plane of the antenna then
performance parameters of antenna like bandwidth ,
reflection coefficient ,gain are improved . The
bandwidth enhancement is near about 34.1846 MHz
was achieved and antenna can be used for wideband
applications.
Simulated results RMPA alone and RMPA with
DGS are shown are summarized in table 3.
Parameter
Reflection
coefficient
VSWR
Bandwidth
Beamwidth
Resonant
Frequency
Fig. 11 : Surface current distribution
5.5 Input impedance
Fig. 12 shows Smith Chart of RMPA which
shows that impedance is 50.18Ohm at 2.4 GHz
which is nearly equal to 50 Ohm hence impedance
matching is achieved .
www.ijera.com
www.ijera.com
-33.73dB
1.435
42.6312MHz
93.6130
1.06
76.8158MHz
93.2880
2.4 GHz
2.4 GHz
VII. CONCLUSION
It is observed that, by introducing some defected
shape in ground plane we can overcome the
drawbacks of RMPA . Defected ground plane can be
used for improving the bandwidth which was the
main drawback of patch antenna. Bandwidth
improvement of 34.1846 MHz is achieved here so
that antenna can be used for wide band applications.
Reduced reflection coefficient indicates that most of
the power will be radiated from the patch and only
small amount of reflection waves were returned back
to the source. Although improvement in parameters is
128 | P a g e
[12]
REFERENCES
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
[10]
[11]
www.ijera.com
[13]
[14]
[15]
[16]
[17]
[18]
www.ijera.com
129 | P a g e