George PH Styan - An Introduction To Yantra Magic Squares & Agrippa-Type Magic Matrices (72pp)

An introduction to Yantra magic squares
and Agrippatype magic matrices

George P. H. Styan2
January 18, 2012
2
This beamer file is for an invited talk presented as a video on Thursday, 5 January 2012, at the
International Workshop and Conference on Combinatorial Matrix Theory and Generalized Inverses of Matrices,
Manipal University, Manipal (Karnataka), India, 211 January 2012. This talk is based on joint research with
Ka Lok Chu & Gtz Trenkler and, in part, on Reports 2011-07 and 2012-01 (lecture notes) from the
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, McGill University, Montral.
George P. H. Styan3
Yantra & Agrippa-type magic
Acknowledgements: January 18, 2012
B1-01
This beamer file is for an invited talk presented as a video on Thursday, 5 January 2012, at the
International Workshop and Conference on Combinatorial Matrix Theory and Generalized
Inverses of Matrices, Manipal University, Manipal (Karnataka), India, 211 January 2012.
This talk is based on joint research with Ka Lok Chu & Gtz Trenkler and, in part, on
Reports 2011-07 and 2012-01 (lecture notes) from the Department of Mathematics and
Statistics, McGill University, Montral.
Special thanks go to Christian Boyer for constructing the 22 22 FermatBoyer magic square
and to Daniel J. H. Rosenthal for drawing the Jupiter Planet Yantra. In addition, we are grateful
to Nicolas C. Ammerlaan and Thomas W. Ammerlaan for making the video, and to Oskar Maria
Baksalary, S. W. Drury, and Evelyn Matheson Styan for their help. This research was supported,
in part, by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.
The handwritten image of the 14 14 Fermat magic square by Flix Vicq dAzyr (17461794)
is from MS #10556, Dpartement de manuscrits, Bibliothque nationale de France, Paris.
My sincere thanks to Christian Boyer for the image and to the Bibliothque nationale de France
(BnF) for allowing us to reproduce it here.
George P. H. Styan4
Introduction
B1-02
I want to tell you about

Yantra magic squares
and
Agrippa-type magic matrices
And to illustrate our findings with postage stamps
George P. H. Styan5
Gan.ita Kaumud (1356) by Narayan.a Pan.d.ita
George P. H. Styan6
B1-03
Gan.ita Kaumud (1356) by Narayan.a Pan.d.ita: reprinted 2011
George P. H. Styan7
B1-04
natives tender, gentle, understanding

and considerate.
It inspires
to be success
of the
phenomenal
and theinknowledge
of
and it them
gives world,
fame,
politics,
GO TOPmoney,
GO TOP
with temples and holy
places.
opposite sex, artists, and musicians.
Rahu rules no sign of the zodiac but it has au
Start
this
Yantra on any Wednesday Morning.
Start using this Yantra on
anyusing
Friday
Morning.
Start using this Yantra on any Monday Mornin
poets, musicians,
and medicine.
seekers ofItmagic
truth
and
knowledge
(secret
also governs
our
relationship
(i.e.,
attraction).
A 9 9 composite
Navagraha
Yantra
square
sciences). The native loves the company of the members of the
B1-05
Yantra
(Brihaspati
Yantra): For the planet JUPITER.
Shani Yantra: For the Guru
+ve
of planet SATURN.
Onlineinfluence
shopping of astro-remedies
Mangal Yantra: For the +ve influence of
is temporarily closed.
Jupiterintegrity,
rules wisdom,
religion, spirituality,
philosophy,
spirituality, wealth, and
The Saturn gives its natives
fame,
GO TOP
Mars
gives
energy,
determination,
great ad
progeny.
If favorable,
this organizational
planet
gives name,
fame, success,
patience, ability to lead,
authority,
long life,
and
It rules
over courage
honor,love
wealth,
progenyawareness
andindependent
good ofrelationship
progeny,
and
abilities, sincerity, honesty,
of justice,
rightspirit. with
self-confidence,
abilities,
it brings
benefits
to whatever
planets orleadership
house it is associated
and wrong because it rules
the inner
conscience,
nonattachment,
forcefulness.
with.
and asceticism.
Start using this Yantra on any Sunday Morning.
Chandra Yantra: For the +ve influence of planet MOON.
Online shopping of astro-remedies
Online shopping
of astro-remedies
Online shopping of astro
The moon rules peace of mind,
comfort,
general well-being,
and
also the fortune of a person. It makes us moody, emotional, and
GO TOP
sensitive. The Moon gives illumination, intuitive nature,
GO TOP and
yantras
for surya chandra
mangal
buddha
shukra
shani
rahu
ketu
navgraha
yantra
sensuality,
taste,
love
of guru
poetry,
fine mangal
arts,
music,
yantras
for
surya
chandra
buddha
gurujewelry
shukra shani
rahu ketu navgraha yantra
attractive appearance.

anyusing
Friday
Morning.
Start
this
Yantra on
anyusing
Sunday
Start
thisMorning.
Yantra on any Wednesday Mo
Shani Yantra: For the Chandra

+ve influence
of For
planet
SATURN.
Yantra:
the
+ve
influence
MOON. of pl
Ketu
Yantra:
For of
theplanet
+ve influence
Online shopping of astro


integrity,
spirituality,
fame,
The moon
ruleswisdom,
peace of
mind,
comfort,
general
well-being,
and
Ketu
bestows
spiritual
tendencies,
asceticism,
authority,
long
life,
organizational
also the
fortune of
a person.
It makes
us moody,
emotional,
andis al
to worldly
desires
and ambitions.
Ketu
GO TOP
love of
of right powersintuitive
sensitive.
Thejustice,
Moonawareness
gives wisdom,
illumination,
nature,
bestows
of discrimination,
the inner
conscience,
sensuality,
taste,
love and
of nonattachment,
poetry,
fine arts,ofmusic,
jewelry
and p
the knowledge
the self.
It gives
and asceticism.
attractive appearance. natives and makes them mastersPage
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George P. Start
H. Styan
& on
Agrippa-type
magic
healing,
tantric
healing,
persons
affe
Yantra magic squares for 9 planets
B1-06
We study various properties of Yantra magic squares:

Yantra is a geometrical diagram used like an icon usually in meditation.
A classic n n magic square (magic matrix) is an arrangement of the numbers

1, 2, . . . , n2 in an n n array so that the numbers in every row, every column
and in the two main diagonals add up to the same magic sum
m=
n(n2 + 1)
.
2
When n = 3 the 3 3 classic Luoshu magic matrix 3

8
George P. H. Styan9
9
5
1
7 with m = 15.
6
Magic-square planetary talismans
Yantra magic squares for 9 planets
B1-07
We study various properties of Yantra magic squ
is a geometrical
diagram
used
like an icon usually
We begin with 3 3 Yantra
magic squares
depicted on
Planet
Yantras:
We begin with 3 3 magic squares depicted on Plane
Sun/Surya,
Moon/Chandra,
Mars/Mangala,
Mercury/Budha,
Jupiter/BrihaspatiGuru
Venus/Shukra
Saturn/Shani,
Rahu,
Ketu.
George P. H. Styan5
George P. H. Styan10
Yantra & Agrippa
The lunar nodes Rahu and Ketu
B1-08
The lunar nodes Rahu and Ketu are the points

where the moons path in the sky crosses the suns path.
We also consider Navagraha Yantras: 3 3 arrangements of the nine

Planet Yantras, usually with a Sun/Surya Planet Yantra in the centre.
Vaidika Pradishta Navagraha Yantra with Sun/Surya in the centre
B1-09
Placing a Sun/Surya Planet Yantra in the centre, we construct

8 Navagraha Yantras, each in the form of a 9 9 composite fully-magic square.
Philatelic L1 of the 9 planets with Jupiter in the centre
B1-10
The 9 planets in magic-square type L1 with Jupiter in the centre
6 1 8
L1 = 7 5 3
2 9 4
Venus
Sun
Rahu
Mars
= Saturn Jupiter
Moon
Ketu Mercury
Dahomey Jaipur Laos
Ciskei Ciskei .
= Ciskei
Italy
Ketu Austria
In the matrix L1 the numbers in the rows, columns,
and two main diagonals all add up to same magic sum 15.
B1-11
Planet Yantras each with a 3 3 magic square
B1-12
The only images of the 9 Planet Yantras depicting magic squares

that we have found each depict a 3 3 magic square, respectively
Lk = L1 + (k 1)E,
k = 1, 2, ..., 9,
where L1 is the 3 3 double-flipped Luoshu fully-magic matrix
L1 = 7
2
1
5
9

8
0

3 = 0
4
1
0
1
0
1
4
0 3
0
8
9
5
1
2
0
7 0
6
1
0
1
0
0 = FL0 F.
0
Here F is the 3 3 flip matrix and L0 the standard Luoshu magic matrix.
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and it them
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poets, musicians, and medicine.
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and (i.e.,
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(secret with temples and holy
also governs
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places.
opposite sex, artists, and musicians.
Rahu rules no sign of the zodiac but it has authority over Virgo.
Start
this
anyusing
Friday
Morning.
Start using this Yantra on any Monday Morning.
ance.
Shukra
and ghosts.
Yantra
(Brihaspati
Yantra): For the planet JUPITER.
Shani Yantra: For the Guru
+ve
of planet SATURN.
Onlineinfluence
shopping of astro-remedies
Mangal Yantra: For the +ve influence of planet MARS.
Online shopping
of astr
comfort,
ge
Jupiterintegrity,
rules wisdom,
religion, spirituality,
philosophy,
spirituality, wealth, and
fame,
GO TOP
Mars
gives
energy,
determination,
great administrative ability,
progeny.
If favorable,
this organizational
planet
gives name,
fame, success,
authority,
long life,
and
It rules
over courage,
bravery, patience,
honor,love
wealth,
progenyawareness
andindependent
good ofrelationship
progeny,
and
of justice,
rightspirit. with
self-confidence,
abilities,
physical
strength,
it brings
benefits
to whatever
planets orleadership
house it is associated
the inner
conscience,
nonattachment,
forcefulness.
with.
and asceticism.
Start using this Yantra on any Sunday Morning.
Buddha
Yant
iswe
temporarily
closed.
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Yantra:
For
the
+ve
influen
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with 3
3 magic squares
that
have
found
show
Ketu
rules
no
also the fortune of a person.
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makes
us sig
m
the numerals in Sanskrit, with the number 9 depicted in twoOnline
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authority,
long
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emotional,
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of right powersintuitive
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gives wisdom,
illumination,
nature,
bestows
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spiritual knowledge,
the inner
conscience,
sensuality,
taste,
love and
of nonattachment,
poetry,
fine arts,ofmusic,
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the knowledge
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ALL THE NINE
PLANETS.
Jupiter rules religion, philosophy, spirituality, wealth, and

This yantra is beneficial for all the people and used to balance
progeny. If favorable, this planet gives name, fame, success,
the influences of all the planets.
honor, wealth, progeny and good relationship with progeny, and
it brings benefits to whatever planets or house it is associated
with.

Page 5 of 7
Page 3 of 7
Page 2 of 7
GO TOP
Online shopping of astro-remedies is temporarily closed.
Navagraha Planet Yantras
B1-14
Navagraha Planet Yantras arranged as 9 9 composite magic squares
Planet Yantras arranged as 9 9 composite fully-magic squares
Our Navagraha (nine-planets) Yantra magic square

is defined by the eight composite 9 9 fully-magic matrices
Nj = E L1 + Mj E E E
= E L1 + (Mj E) E;
j = 1, 2, . . . , 8,
where the eight classic 3 3 magic matrices
B1-15
Eight classic 3 3 magic matrices
M1 = L 1 = 7
2
5
9
3 ,
4
M4 = L01 = 1
9 ,
B1-16
M2 = FL1 = 7
6
5
1
3 ,
8
M5 = FL01 = 1
9 ,
M7 = FL1 F = 3
7 ,
M3 = L1 F = 3
4
7 ,
M6 = L01 F = 9
1 ,
M8 = FL01 F = 9
1 .
The Luoshu magic matrix M7 = FL1 F
B1-17
The magic square defined by
4 9 2
M7 = FL1 F = 3 5 7
8 1 6
was chosen as The Table of Saturn in his Compass by
Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa von Nettesheim (14861535).
Gerolamo Cardano (15011576) named this magic square Luna
after the moon (rather than Saturn).
In the magic matrix M7 the numbers in the rows, columns,

and two main diagonals all add up to same magic sum 15.
The magic matrix M2 = FL1
B1-18
Paracelsus (14931541)
[born Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim]
named the magic square defined by
2 9 4
M2 = FL1 = 7 5 3 ,
6 1 8
Talisman de Saturne, ou Samedi (Saturday).
Eight composite 9 9 magic matrices
L6
N1 = L7
L2
L1
L5
L9
L8
L3 ,
L4
L6
N4 = L1
L8
L7
L5
L3
L2
L9 ,
L4
L4
N7 = L3
L8
L2
N2 = L7
L6
L8
N5 = L1
L6
L9
L5
L1
L2
L7 ,
L6
B1-19
L9
L5
L1
L4
L3 ,
L8
L8
N3 = L3
L4
L1
L5
L9
L6
L7 ,
L2
L3
L5
L7
L4
L9 ,
L2
L2
N6 = L9
L4
L7
L5
L3
L6
L1 ,
L8
L4
N8 = L9
L2
L3
L5
L7
L8
L1 .
L6
The composite 9 9 magic matrix N1
L6 L1
N1 = L7 L5
L2 L9
11
12
L8
12

L3 =
13
8
L4
8
3
B1-20
13
13
15
10
14
12
10
14
16
11
14
10
12
10
11
11
15
10
13
11
14
16
11
15
13
11
10
10
10
17
12
12
F-associated magic matrices
B1-21
The n n magic matrix M with magic sum m is F-associated whenever
M + FMF = 2mE,
is the n n matrix with every entry equal to 1/n
where E
and F = Fn is the n n flip matrix
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
F=
.
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
The magic matrices N1 , N2 , . . . , N8 all have magic sum 81 and rank 5, and all
are F-associated, since F9 = F3 F3 and M1 , M2 , . . . , M8 are all F-associated.
An F-associated magic square
B1-22
In an n n F-associated magic matrix with magic sum m

the sums of pairs of entries diametrically equidistant
from the centre are all equal to 2m/n.
An F-associated magic square is often called

(just) associated (with no qualifier to the word associated)
or regular or symmetrical.
Magic-square planetary talismans (MSPTs)
B1-23
Magic-square planetary talismans (MSPTs) were created from 15311653

by
Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa von Nettesheim (14861535),
Gerolamo Cardano (15011576),
Paracelsus (14931541)
[born Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim] ,
Athanasius Kircher (16021680).
for the seven planets:
Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, Sun, Venus, Mercury, and the Moon.
Agrippa, Cardano, Paracelsus, Kircher
B1-24
(from left to right) Agrippa [Wikipedia]; Cardano: Altai Republic 2011 (External Airmail);
Paracelsus: Switzerland 1993 (Scott 928); Kircher: Malta 2002 (Scott 1094).
Agrippa, Cardano, Paracelsus, Kircher
B1-25
Agrippa was a German magician, occult writer, theologian, astrologer,

and alchemist. His magic-square planetary talismans (MSPTs) were
first published in 1531 in his De occulta philosophia libri tres,
Cardano was an Italian Renaissance mathematician, physician,
astrologer and gambler. His MSPTs were first published in 1539 in his
Practica arithmetice et mensurandi singularis.
Paracelsus was a Swiss Renaissance physician, botanist, alchemist,
astrologer, and general occultist. His MSPTs were first published in
1567 in Archidoxa Magica.
Kircher was a German Jesuit scholar who published in the fields of
oriental studies, geology, and medicine. His MSPTs were first
published in 1653 in Oedipi Aegyptiaci, Tomi Secundi.
Two 3 3 magic-square planetary talismans (MSPTs)
B1-26
(left panel) by Agrippa for Saturn; (right panel) by Cardano for the Moon.
Luoshu
B1-27
The AgrippaCardano magic square
4 9 2
L = 3 5 7
8 1 6
is known as Luoshu or Lo Shu (Luo River Writing). Legend has it that the
very first magic square was discovered in China about 4000 years ago on the
back of a turtle in the River Luo, a tributary of the Yellow River in China.
B1-28
(left panel) by Agrippa for Mars: (right panel) by Cardano for Venus.
B1-29
(left panel32 ) by Agrippa for Venus; (right panel) by Cardano for Mars.
32
The entry in position (6,2) should be 39.

B1-30
(left panel) by Agrippa for the Moon: (right panel) by Cardano for Saturn34 .
34
In both panels 45 in position (1, 8) should be 54; in the left panel the 35 in position (2, 2) should be 38.
Generating odd-order Agrippa-type magic matrices
B1-31
We may generate odd-order Agrippa-type (AgrippaCardano) magic

matrices using a magic matrix algorithm, which we believe to be new and
which we now describe.
Our magic matrix algorithm generates classic nonsingular

n n magic matrices An for any odd number n 3.
The Matlab algorithm magic(n) by Cleve Moler (1993) also generates
classic nonsingular n n magic matrices with n odd but they
(all for n 5?) essentially differ from our Agrippa-type magic matrices An .
One-step forward shift matrix Sn
B1-32
We begin the description of our magic matrix algorithm with the

n n one-step forward shift matrix Sn (n = 2, 3, 4, . . .),
which has +1 in all n 1 positions on the leading principal super-diagonal
and in the bottom-left corner and so is a circulant. When n = 5 we have
0 1 0 0 0
0 0 1
S5 =
0 0 0
0 0 0
1 0 0
0 0
1 0
.
0 1
0 0
The n n matrix Tn = Sn S0n
B1-33
We now define the n n matrix

Tn = Sn S0n = Sn S1
n ;
n = 2, 3, 4, . . .
with +1 in all n 1 positions on the leading principal super-diagonal

and in the bottom-left corner and with 1 in all n 1 positions on the
leading principal sub-diagonal and in the top-right corner.
We note that S0n = S1
n since Sn is orthogonal. When n = 5 we have
0
1
0
0 1
1
0
0
1 0
.
0
1
0
1
0
T5 =
0 1 0
1
0
1
The n n matrix Un = (Fn nIn )(Sn S0n )
B1-34
We now define the n n matrix with n = 2, 3, 4, . . .

Un = Fn Tn nTn = (Fn nIn )Tn = (Fn nIn )(Sn S0n )
where Fn is the n n flip matrix.
When n = 5 we have
T5 =
0
1
0
0 1
1 0
1
0
0
0 1 0
1
0 ;
0
0 1 0
1
1
0
0 1 0
U5 =
1 5 0 1 5
5
0 6 0
1
0
4
0 4 0
1 0
6
0 5
5 1
0
5 1
Generating Agrippa-type magic matrices for odd n 3
B1-35
Three equivalent formulas for our magic matrix algorithm:
n
n )1 1 n(n2 3)E
An = n(n2 1)(Un + E
2
(1)

2(n2 1) 1
= n(n2 1) Un +
En
n2 + 1
(2)
2
1
= n(n2 1)U+
n + 2 n(n + 1)En .
(3)
n has every entry equal to 1 , and Un = (Fn nIn )(Sn S0n ).

The matrix E
n
Generating the Agrippa-Cardano magic matrix A5
S5 =
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
U5 =

24 1
A5 = 120 U5 + E5
=
13
B1-36
1 5
0 1
5
5
0 6
0
1
0
4
0 4
0
1
0
6
0 5
5
1
0
5 1
11 24
7
4 12 25
17
5 13
10 18
1
23
6 19
20
3
8 16
21
9
.
14 22
2 15
B1-37
(left panel) by Agrippa for Jupiter; (right panel) by Cardano for Mercury.
B1-38
(left panel) by Agrippa for Mercury; (right panel) by Cardano for Jupiter.
Generating Agrippa-type magic matrices with n doubly-even
B1-39
The matrix algorithm used by Matlab to generate magic matrices Mn for

doubly-even n = 4k has been described in some detail by
Kirkland & Neumann (1995); see also Moler (1993, 2004).
We find that our Agrippa-type magic matrices A4k = FM4k for k = 1, 2,

i.e., the Matlab M4k are just our A4k with the rows flipped:
A4 = FM4 =
9
5
16
14
15
12
11
10
13
; A8 = FM8 =
58
59
62
63
49
15
14
52
53
11
10
56
41
23
22
44
45
19
18
48
32
34
35
29
28
38
39
25
40
26
27
37
36
30
31
33
17
47
46
20
21
43
42
24
55
54
12
13
51
50
16
64
61
60
57
B1-40
Our procedure for generating Agrippatype magic matrices An for doubly-even

n = 4, 8, . . . uses the (partner) magic-basis matrix or B-matrix Bn defined by
An =

1
nBn + FB0n F + (n2 + 1)E ;
2
Bn =
n2 + 1
2
0
nA
FA
F
E
n
n
n2 1
n+1
The 8 8 matrix B8 is bordered (really 2-bordered) in that the 4 4

(8)
inner-core matrix B4 say, formed from B8 by removing its top 2 rows,
bottom 2 rows, first 2 columns and last 2 columns, is also a magic-basis matrix.
A4 =
14
15
12
11
10
16
13
; A8 =
B1-41
58
59
62
63
49
15
14
52
53
11
10
56
41
23
22
44
45
19
18
48
32
34
35
29
28
38
39
25
40
26
27
37
36
30
31
33
17
47
46
20
21
43
42
24
55
54
12
13
51
50
16
64
61
60
57
have the two-diagonals-in-progression (2-dip) property,

with parameters (n, 1; n 1, n + 1), indicating that the starting numbers are
n and 1, respectively, on the main forwards and backwards diagonals, with
corresponding step sizes n 1 and n + 1,
n, n + (n 1), n + 2(n 1), . . . , n + (n 1)(n 1);
1, (n + 1) + 1, 2(n + 1) + 1, . . . , (n 1)(n + 1) + 1 = n2 .
The 8 8 magic-basis matrix B8
B8 =
B1-42
3
1
The top row of the 8 8 magic-basis matrix B8 contains precisely

4 entries equal to 7 and 4 entries equal to 7, and the second row contains
precisely 4 entries equal to 5 and 4 entries equal to 5, and so on.
We call Bn and partner An smooth whenever in the 2-dip magic-basis matrix
Bn the numbers in row R add up to 0 and are all equal in absolute value to
2R + n + 1
when R 21 n
and
2R n 1
when R 12 n + 1.
We find that A4 , A8 , B4 , B8 are all smooth.

Row-balanced, column-balanced, doubly-balanced
B1-43
We will say that the n n magic matrices An and Bn are row-balanced whenever
or equivalently
(I + F)(nAn FA0n F) = (n2 + 1)(n 1)E

(I + F)Bn = 0
Bn = FBn
We find that A4 , A8 , B4 , B8 are all row-balanced.

We will say that the magic matrices An and Bn are column-balanced whenever
Bn (I F) = 0
Bn = Bn F
(nAn FA0n F)(I F) = 0.
We will say that the n n magic matrices An and Bn with doubly-even n 4 are
doubly-balanced whenever they are both row- and column-balanced, and then
Bn = Bn F = FBn = FBn F.
We find that A4 , A8 , B4 , B8 are all doubly-balanced.
Magic-basis vectors
B1-44
From the special sign pattern in each of the rows B8 together with B8
being smooth and doubly-balanced, we find the following procedure for
generating n n doubly-balanced AgrippaMatlab magic-basis matrices for
doubly-even n = 4, 8, 12, . . .
Let n = 2k and so k = n/2,
An =
1
2
nBn B0n + (n2 + 1)En ;
Bn =
Ik
Fk
Dk bk b0k Ik
where the k k diagonal matrix

Dk = diag(n 1, n 3, n 5, . . . , 5, 3, 1);
n = 2k.

Fk ,
Magic-basis vectors
B1-45
Then the k 1 magic-basis vector bk =

(1)
bk =
+1 1 1 +1 +1
1 1 +1 +1 1
generates the AgrippaCardano matrices A4 and A8 .
0
n = 2k,
n = 2k,
Drury (2011) created an algorithm for generating classic 2-dip smooth

row-balanced An with magic-basis vector
(2)
bk =
+1 +1 +1 +1 +1
1 1 1 1 1
the sign change being between the entries in positions
n
4
and
n
4
+ 1.
0
From an algorithm given by Cavendish (1894) we find that choosing bk =

(3)
bk =
+1 1 +1 1 +1
1 +1 1 +1 1
0
n = 2k,
also generates classic 2-dip smooth row-balanced An for doubly-even n = 4, 8, . . .

Magic-basis vectors
B1-46
(1)
(2)
(3)
When n = 4 our three choices bk , bk , bk of the magic-basis vector coincide

and we have
b2 =
+1 1
0
14
15
9
7
6 12
A4 =
.
5 11 10
8
16
2
3 13
We believe that the Agrippa matrix A4 here is the only 4 4 classic 2-dip smooth
doubly-balanced rank-3 fully-magic matrix.
(1)
(2)
(3)
Three choices: AgrippaMatlab b4 , Drury b4 , Cavendish b4

(1)
b4 =
+1
+1
0
(2)
b4 =
(1)
58
15
59
14
5
52
4
53
62
11
63
10
1
56
41
23
22
44
45
19
18
48
32
34
35
29
28
38
39
25
40
26
27
37
36
30
31
33
17
47
46
20
21
43
42
24
9
64
55
2
54
3
12
61
13
60
51
6
50
7
16
57
(3)
+1
A8 =
8
49
b4 =
0
1 1
+1
(2)
A8 =
+1
B1-47
+1
0
(3)
A8
52
George P. H. Styan
59
60
61
62
16
15
51
52
53
54
10
41
42
22
21
20
19
47
48
33
34
30
29
28
27
39
40
25
26
38
37
36
35
31
32
17
18
46
45
44
43
23
24
56
55
11
12
13
14
50
49
64
63
58
57
58
60
61
63
49
15
51
13
12
54
10
56
24
42
22
44
45
19
47
17
33
31
35
29
28
38
26
40
25
39
27
37
36
30
34
32
48
18
46
20
21
43
23
41
55
11
53
52
14
50
16
64
62
59
57
AgrippaFermat magic matrices An for singly-even n 6
B1-48
Our objective here is to obtain a sequence of classic fully-magic matrices

A6 , A10 , . . . , starting with, and having many of the properties
of the (original) AgrippaCardano magic matrix
A6 =
32
34
35
11
27
28
19
14
16
15
23
18
20
22
21
17
25
29
10
36
33
30
24
9 26 12
13
31
This matrix A6 is the only n n Agrippa magic matrix with n singly-even.

n/2,n ,
We now seek n n fully-magic matrices An and B-bar partners B
for singly-even n = 4k + 2 10 which, like A6 ,
satisfy our 7 desiderata in Table 6.1 below.
Pierre de Fermat (1601/71665) & Pre Marin Mersenne (15881648)
B1-49
We will use a 14 14 bordered magic square due to

Pierre de Fermat (1601/16071665) and so we will call our
A6 , A10 , A14 , . . . , AgrippaFermat magic matrices.
We also use a 22 22 magic square
specially constructed for us la Fermat by Christian Boyer in Paris.
Fermats 14 14 magic square was given in a letter by Fermat to
Pre Marin Mersenne (15881648). The original copy of this letter
has been lost but a hand-written copy by
Flix Vicq dAzyr (17461794)
is in the Bibliothque nationale de France in Paris.
Hand-written copy by Flix Vicq dAzyr (17461794)
B1-49x
From Copies de lettres et opuscules de Fermat, Descartes, Galile, etc., Fol. 1, Copies de lettres de Fermat
Roberval, au P. Mersenne, Frenicle, etc., by Flix Vicq dAzyr (17461794), MS #10556, Dpartement de
manuscrits, Bibliothque nationale de France, Paris. Via Christian Boyer.
Pierre de Fermat (1601/71665) and the Mersenne prime 213466917 1
B1-50
(left panel) Pierre de Fermat (1601/16071665) and Fermats Last Theorem: France 2001;
(right panel) The Mersenne prime 213466917 1: Liechtenstein 2004, Scott 1297.
AgrippaFermat magic matrices An for singly-even n 6
B1-51
Table 6.1: Desiderata for our AgrippaFermat magic matrices An ; n = 4k + 2 6.
classic, with entries 1, 2, . . . n2 in some order, magic sum
2-dip with parameters (n, 1; n 1, n + 1)
3
4
5
n(n2 +1)
2
n/2,n of full row rank n/2

nonsingular, with partner B-bar matrix B
row-balanced, with Bn = FBn
n/2,n equal to 1
smooth, with all entries of B
bordered, and with
characteristic polynomial: det(In Bn ) = n3 (3 + 120).
Factorizing the magic-basis matrix
B1-52
When n = 6 we have
3 3
3
3 3
3
37
1
1
2
1 1 1 1
B6 =
6A6 FA06 F E =
1
1
1
1 1 1
35
7
3
3 3 3
3 3
I3
=
F3
! 5 0 0 1
1 1
0 3 0 1 1
1
0
1 .
1
Reduced magic-basis matrix or B-bar matrix
B1-53
The magic-basis matrix B6 is row-balanced in that its last 3 rows flipped coincide
with its first three rows with a sign change, i.e.,
B6 = FB6
which we write as
3,6
B6 = J6,3 D3 B
where
I3
J6,3 =
F3
D3 = 0 3 0 ;
0
3,6 =
B
3,6 a reduced magic-basis matrix or B-bar matrix.

We call the 3 6 matrix B
13,26
The full 13 26 matrix is B
B1-54
n/2,n for n = 6, 10, 14, 18, 22, 26 are shown below.

Our B-bar matrices B
13,26 ; the B-bar matrix formed by
11,22 . And so on.
removing the (outer) brown border is the 11 22 matrix B
3,6 for A6 .
And then removing the green border gives the 3 6 matrix B
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
10
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
10
11
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
11
12
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
12
13
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
13
13,26
B1-55
5,10 (green border) and B

7,14 (yellow border)
The B-bar matrices B
are based on the 14 14 Fermat magic square.
9,18 (blue border) and B
11,22 (pink border)
The B-bar matrices B
are based on the 22 22 FermatBoyer magic square.
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
10
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
10
11
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
11
12
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
12
13
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
13
Magic properties
The 22 22 FermatBoyer magic square constructed la Fermat

1
23
24
66
88
465 466
42
41
420
47
48
398
69
70
110 376 108 378
40
39
423 424
469 470
38
37
51
52
82
81
10
11
12
10
11
474 475 476
36
14
15
16
17
15
16
479 480
56
57
58
433 434
84
83
93
94
381 382
116
126 125 124 365 364 363 362 361 360 359
132 354 130 356 115
154 332 152 334 150 336
139
155 310 174 312 172 314 324
97
177 288 179 290 181 292 183 294
98
99
386 387 388 103 390 391
168 321 320 319 318 163

185
199 285 201 283 203 281 205 279 278
61
19
19
436 437
409 408 407 406 405 404 403 402 401
345 339 142 143 342 145 344 338

162
18
20
299 298 187 296
190
169
148
127
106
21
482 483
453 452 451 450 449 448 447 446 445 444 443
427 428 429

80
13
GPHS: 12/16/11, 1
B1-56
22
22
43
44
64
439
45
85
86
417
67
393
91
395
89
128 371 113 373 111
347 137 349 135 351 133
161 325 159 327 157 329 176
301 192 303 194 305 196 307 198
276 275
211
221 263 223 261 225 259 236 257 256 255
231
232
230 251 250 227 248 238 246 240 244 242
264 241 262 239 260 237 258 235 229 233
253
254
252 234 228 249 226 247 224 245 222 243
286 219 284 217 282 215 271 213 212
274
209 210
308 197 306 195 304 193 302 184
295
186 188 297 189
309 175 311 173 313 171 170
316
322 167 166 165 164 317
352 153 350 151 348 149
337
140 141 340 341 144 343 146 147
353 131 355 129 370
358
368 367 366 123 122 121 120 119 118 117
375 109 377 107
379
380
397
87
416
400
414 413 412 411 410
440
65
421
422
462
442
460 459 458 457 456 455 454
463
464
49
50
467 468
85
51
77
43
95
96
425 426
17
208
277
207 272 214 270 216 268 218 266 220
273 206 280 204 269 202 267 200 265

300
191 293 182 291 180 289 178 287

323
315 160 326 158 328 156 330

346
138 335 136 333 134 331

369
383 384 385 100 101 102 389 104 105
53
79
78
54
55
35
34
471 472 473
62
George P. H. Styan
77
76
75
430 431 432

33
32
31
12
13
14
357 114 372 112 374

392
92
394
90
396
74
73
72
71
415
399
68
418
59
60
435
62
63
438
46
419
30
29
28
27
26
25
461
441
17
18
481
20
21
484
477 478
36
104
66
],
393
28
96
115
47
],
428
YANTRA MAGIC magic

SQUARES:square
December 13, 2011
B-matrix for the 22 22 FermatBoyer
21
21
19 19
485
23
485
23
485
23
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
485
23
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
17
17
17
8245
483
8245
8245
8245
483 483 483
8245
483
8245
483
19
17
8245
483
19
21 21
8245
483
82
B1-57
485
21 485
23 23
19
8245
8245
483 483
21
21 21
21
19
19 19
19 19
19
17
17 17
17
17
17
15
15
17
17
15
15
15 15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15 15
15
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
7 4129
483
1455
161
11
9 1455
161
11
7 2633
483
7 205
23
343
23
297
23
9 5095
483
1667
483
117
23
3 701
483
265
483
265
483
3
5
7
163
23
297
23
3
5
701
483
1667
483
4129
483
293
161
1455
161
7
5
3 2197
483
1455
161
937
161
29
161
3
5
3163
483
11 209
23
1231
483
1231
483
2197
483
3163
483
2633
483
5
7
9
209
23
11 11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
7027
483
11 11
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13 13
13
255
23
15 15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
8245
8245
8245
483 483 483
8245
483
8245
483
15 15
17
17
17
17 17
17
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
21
485
23
485
23
21
21
21
21
17 17
19
19
21 21
17 17 8245
483
19 19
21
21
19
485
23
17
19
485
23
17 8245
483
8245
483
8245
483
8245
483
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
485
23
485
23
11 11
251
23
13
343
23
11
673
161
9 3599
483
13 255
23
5531
483
(6.11.1)
FermatBoyer magic square after moving the furniture
B1-58
Smooth B-matrix for the modified 22 22 FermatBoyer magic square
B1-59
Figure 6.9: The modified FermatBoyer magic square.
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
15
17
13
13
13
Figure 6.5: Our modified FermatBoyer magic square (Fig. 6.4),

and (lower panel) the partner magic-basis matrix.
(6.11.1)
13
Smooth 13 26 B-bar matrix
B1-60
YANTRA MAGIC SQUARES: December 25, 2011
70
WithFrom
some
and error
weB26found
B-bar
13 26 with
magic-basis
matrix
thetrial
magic-basis
matrix
in Fig.this
6.5 smooth
(lower panel)
we construct,
some trial and
13,26 =
error, the 13 26 reduced magic-basis matrix B
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1
1
1
1
1 1
1
1 1
1
1
1 1 1
1
1
1
1
1 1
1 1
1
1
1
1 1
1 1 1
1
1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1
1
1
1 1 1
1
1
1
1 1
1
1
1
1
1
1 1
1
1
1
1 1
1
1 1 1
1 1
1
1 1
1
1 1
1
1
1
1 1
1
1
1
1
1 1 1 1 1
1
1
1 1 1 1
1
1 1
1
1
1
1
1 1 1 1 1
1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1
1
1
1
1 1 1 1 1
1
1
1 1 1 1
1
1 1
1
1
1
1
1 1 1 1 1
1 1
1 1 1
1
1 1
1
1
1
1
1
1 1 1
1
1
1
1 1
1
1 1
1 1
1
1 1
1
1 1
1
1 1
1
1 1 1 1
1
1
1 1
1
1
1
1
1 1 1
1 1 1
1
1 1
1
1
1 1 1
1
1 1 1 1 1
1
1 1 1
1 1
1
1 1 1
1 1
1
1
1 1
1 1
1
1
1 1
1 1
1
1
1 1
1 1
1
1
1 1
1 1
1
1
1 1
1 1
1
1
1 1
1 1
1
1
1 1
1 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
(6.4.1)
see also Fig. 6.2, and hence the 26 26 AgrippaFermat magic matrix A26 =
and then we constructed its partner Agrippa-type magic matrix A26
26
52
78
79
105
131
182
208
209
675
51
600
574
571
545
519
493
467
24
29
76
102
107
133
180
206
211
673
30
621
101
569
543
517
491
465
672
629
620
577
126
152
161
204
213
21
630
73
578
567
151
515
489
463
670
631
618
579
566
527
176
202
215
669
18
17 666
632 633 634 635
617
70
69 614
580 581 582 583
565 122 563 120
528 529 530 531
513 512 173 510
201 477 478 479
H.
461 George
226 452P. 458
665 664
636 637
613 612
584 585
561 118
532 533
509 508
480 481
66
Styan
223 456
13
638
65
586
559
534
169
482
221
12
11 660 659
8
7 656
639
42
43
44
45
46
47
64
63 608 607
60
59 604
587
94
95
96
97
98
99
116 557 114 555 112 553 110
535 146 147 148 149 150 136
168 167 504 503 164 163 500
483 198 199 200 190 189 474
Yantra
Agrippa-type
magic
220 453& 459
217 450 228
448
655
48
603
100
109
135
178
187
230
654
647
56
82
550
524
498
472
446
3
648
55
81
128
154
159
185
232
2
28
623
597
548
522
496
470
444
1
27
53
104
130
156
157
183
234
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 1
1 1 1
1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 magic
AgrippaFermatBoyerStyan
1
1
1 A1261
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 matrix
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
675
51
600
574
571
545
519
493
467
441
415
366
340
314
288
262
236
210
184
158
132
106
103
77
649
25
24
29
76
102
107
133
180
206
211
237
284
310
336
341
367
393
440
466
471
497
544
549
575
622
627
674
673
30
621
101
569
543
517
491
465
439
413
368
342
316
290
264
238
212
186
160
134
108
595
75
628
23
672
629
620
577
126
152
161
204
213
256
265
308
317
360
369
412
421
464
473
499
525
568
83
74
31
22
21
630
73
578
567
151
515
489
463
437
411
370
344
318
292
266
240
214
188
162
541
125
84
619
32
671
670
631
618
579
566
527
176
202
215
241
280
306
332
345
371
397
436
449
475
514
137
124
85
72
33
20
669
632
617
580
565
528
513
201
461
435
409
372
346
320
294
268
242
216
487
175
138
123
86
71
34
19
18
633
70
581
122
529
512
477
226
243
269
304
330
347
382
399
425
460
191
174
139
564
87
616
35
668
17
634
69
582
563
530
173
478
452
251
407
374
348
322
296
277
433
225
192
511
140
121
88
615
36
667
666
635
614
583
120
531
510
479
458
245
276
297
349
328
375
406
427
224
193
172
141
562
89
68
37
16
665
636
613
584
561
532
509
480
223
428
402
301
324
350
379
275
246
457
194
171
142
119
90
67
38
15
664
637
612
585
118
533
508
481
456
429
273
377
326
352
300
403
247
222
195
170
143
560
91
66
39
14
We now use (6.4.1) to obtain
George
Styan167 1
1
1 1
1 1 P. 1H. 1
13
638
65
586
559
534
169
482
221
430
404
378
325
351
299
274
248
455
196
507
144
117
92
611
40
663
12
639
64
587
116
535
168
483
220
431
405
298
353
327
376
272
249
454
197
506
145
558
93
610
41
662
11
42
63
94
557
146
167
198
453
250
271
380
354
323
302
401
432
219
484
505
536
115
588
609
640
661
660
43
608
95
114
147
504
199
459
244
400
381
355
329
303
270
426
218
485
166
537
556
589
62
641
10
659
44
607
96
555
148
503
200
217
434
278
295
321
356
373
408
252
451
486
165
538
113
590
61
642
9
8
45
60
97
112
149
164
190
450
424
398
383
357
331
305
279
253
227
476
502
539
554
591
606
643
658
7
46
59
98
553
150
163
189
228
254
267
293
319
358
384
410
423
462
488
501
540
111
592
605
644
657
656
47
604
99
110
136
500
474
448
422
396
385
359
333
307
281
255
229
203
177
526
552
593
58
645
6
Yantra
1 1 & 1Agrippa-type
1
1 1magic
1
655
48
603
100
109
135
178
187
230
239
282
291
334
343
386
395
438
447
490
516
542
551
594
57
646
5
B1-61
(6.4.1)
pice
de resistance:
see also Fig. 6.2, and hence theOur
26 26
AgrippaFermat
magic matrix A26 =
26
52
78
79
105
131
182
208
209
235
286
312
338
339
365
391
442
468
469
495
546
547
573
624
625
676
1
1
1
1
1
1
654
647
56
82
550
524
498
472
446
420
394
387
361
335
309
283
257
231
205
179
153
127
576
602
49
4
3
648
55
81
128
154
159
185
232
258
263
289
315
362
388
414
419
445
492
518
523
570
596
601
50
653
2
28
623
597
548
522
496
470
444
418
392
389
363
337
311
285
259
233
207
181
155
129
80
54
626
652
1
27
53
104
130
156
157
183
234
260
261
287
313
364
390
416
417
443
494
520
521
572
598
599
650
651
(6.4.2)
7 11 27 28
8
23
17
26
2
30
24
13
12
31
,
A =
and
Pierre de Fermat (1601/16071665)
Fermats (6.1.1)
Last Theorem
19
18
25
36
14
20
29
5
16
22
10
33
15
21
9
4
B1-62
the (original) Agrippa magic matrix (Fig. 3.6). We also seek a procedure for generating the sequence A6 , A10 , A14 , A18 , . . . , and we have a partial solution for this. We will use 14 14 magic
square due to Pierre de Fermat25 (c. 16011665), see [20, p. TBC (1794)], [6, p. 189], [8, p. 245], [37,
Fig. 51, p. 230], and so we will call our sequence A6 , A10 , A14 , A18 , . . . , AgrippaFermat magic
matrices.
Fermats 14 14 magic square was given in a letter by Fermat to Pre Marin Mersenne26 (1588
1648). The original copy of this letter has apparently been lost but a hand-written copy of the magic
square by Vicq dAzyr27 (17461794) is in a manuscript [20] in the Bibliothque nationale de France
(BnF) in Paris.
Figure 6.1:
(left panel) Pierre de Fermat (c. 16011665) and Fermats Last Theorem: Germany 2011, marke-individuell;
(right panel) The Mersenne prime 213466917 1: Liechtenstein 2004, Scott 1297.
25Pierre de Fermat (c. 16011665) was a French lawyer at the Parlement of Toulouse, France, and an amateur
mathematician who is given credit for early developments that led to infinitesimal calculus. He is best known for
Fermats Last Theorem that no three positive integers a, b, and c can satisfy the equation an + bn = cn for any
integer value of n > 2 (Fig. 6.1, left panel).
26Pre Marin Mersenne (15881648) was a French monk, theologian, philosopher, mathematician and music theorist, often referred to as the father of acoustics. A Mersenne prime is of the form 2p 1, where p is a prime number
(Fig. 6.1, right panel).
27
Flix Vicq dAzyr (17461794) was a French physician and anatomist, the originator of comparative anatomy
and discoverer of the theory of homology in biology.
Pierre de Fermat (1601/16071665) and Fermats Last Theorem: (left panel) Germany 2011;
(right panel) France 2001, with statue of Fermat in his birthplace Beaumont-de-Lomagne.
(left panel) by Agrippa & (right panel) by Cardano, both for the Sun.
B1-63
Three flavours of Agrippa-type 6 6 magic matrices
B1-64
The AgrippaCardano magic matrix
A6 =
32
34
35
11
27
28
19
14
16
15
23
18
20
22
21
17
25
29
10
36
33
30
24
9 26 12
13
31
is not the only 6 6 classic nonsingular row-balanced smooth 2-dip magic matrix.
3,6
The smooth B-bar matrix B
B1-65
and we observe that in each row there are 3 entries equal to 1

with 2 of these 3 entries fixed by the 2-dip property.
In the top row the free 1 is in column 3,
in the second row the free 1 is in column 1,
and in the third row the free 1 is in column 2.
3,6 = B
(312) .
We may, therefore, write B
3,6
Three flavours
B1-66
3,6
In all there are 64 = 43 possible versions of B
(211) to B
(566) ,
running from B
3,6
3,6
with just 16 (flavour A) yielding a classic nonsingular fully-magic matrix,
confirming a result of Drury (2011).
The 48 singular magic matrices A all have rank 5,

with 24 having magic-basis partner B of rank 3 (flavour B)
and 24 of rank 2 (flavour C).
None of the these 48 singular magic matrices A are classic.
An open question
B1-67
We want to know in how many ways x, and in which ways,

5,10
can we create a 5 10 reduced magic-basis matrix B
that is partner to an Agrippa-type magic matrix A10 which is

1
classic, with entries 1, 2, . . . n2 in some order, magic sum
2-dip with parameters (n, 1; n 1, n + 1)
3
4
5
n(n2 +1)
2
n/2,n of full row rank n/2

nonsingular, with partner B-bar matrix B
row-balanced, with Bn = FBn
n/2,n equal to 1
smooth, with all entries of B
bordered, and with
characteristic polynomial: det(In Bn ) = n3 (3 + 120).

375 109 377 107 379 380 95

96 383 38
The answers seem to be related ...
B1-68
397 87 416 400 414 413 412 411 410 79
... to the number of440

ways w65
in which
up the
1 in53
the 54
422ways,
49we can
50 set425
426
1 , and421
5,10 partners a classic
green cells below so that the (full) 5 10 B-bar matrix B
442 10460
462 2-dip
458 457
smooth nonsingular
10 459
Agrippa-type
magic456
matrix455
A10 ? 454 35
463
4 cells
467
The 1464
in the 3
22 brown
are 468
fixed. 7
The row sums must all equal 0 and so w1 = 562 .
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
471 47
Not more than 25088375 109 377 107
379
380
95
96
383
38
B1-69
397 87 416 400 414 413 412 411 410 79

Let the 3 2 blue matrices be Q1 , bottom left and Q2 bottom right.
49may 50
425
426 53
54
If, as here 440
we have65
Q2 =421
Q1 F,422
then we
choose
the 1
in the blue cells in w2 = 23 ways. Hence
462 442 460 459 458 457 456 455 454 35
x w1 w2 = 562 23 = 72 29 = 25088.
463 464
3
4
467 468
7
8
471 47
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
Please do not hesitate to send me your comments
I look forward to hearing from you!
My e-mail is styan@math.mcgill.ca
B1-70

George PH Styan - An Introduction To Yantra Magic Squares & Agrippa-Type Magic Matrices (72pp)

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George PH Styan - An Introduction To Yantra Magic Squares & Agrippa-Type Magic Matrices (72pp)

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The lunar nodes Rahu and Ketu are the points

We also consider Navagraha Yantras: 3 3 arrangements of the nine

Yantra & Agrippa-type magic

Vaidika Pradishta Navagraha Yantra with Sun/Surya in the centre

Placing a Sun/Surya Planet Yantra in the centre, we construct

Yantra & Agrippa-type magic

Philatelic L1 of the 9 planets with Jupiter in the centre

Yantra & Agrippa-type magic

The 9 planets in magic-square type L1 with Jupiter in the centre

Dahomey Jaipur Laos

Yantra & Agrippa-type magic

Planet Yantras each with a 3 3 magic square

The only images of the 9 Planet Yantras depicting magic squares

where L1 is the 3 3 double-flipped Luoshu fully-magic matrix

Yantra & Agrippa-type magic

attractive features necessary

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Shani Yantra: For the Chandra

The Saturn gives its natives

For the Chandra

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the planet romance,

Jupiter rules religion, philosophy, spirituality, wealth, and

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Yantra & Agrippa-type magic

Navagraha Planet Yantras

Navagraha Planet Yantras arranged as 9 9 composite magic squares

Yantra & Agrippa-type magic

Planet Yantras arranged as 9 9 composite fully-magic squares

Our Navagraha (nine-planets) Yantra magic square

where the eight classic 3 3 magic matrices