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F1 : Concentration of glucose / amino acid / urea /

sodium ions in the blood plasma and glomerular
filtrate are the same.

E1 : All glucose / amino acid / urea / sodium ions

enter the Bowmans capsule / nephron / are in the
glomerular filtrate

E2 : through ultrafiltration.

E3 : Able to pass through the wall of blood capillaries /

Bowmans capsule.

F2: No glucose / amino acid in the urine.

E4 : All glucose / and amino acid are reabsorbed from

the proximal convoluted tubule / nephron
E5 : by facilitated diffusion / active transport into the
(peritubular) capillaries // blood capillaries

F3 : Less sodium ions in the urine than in the blood

plasma / glomerular filtrate.

E6 : Some sodium ion have been reabsorbed from the

Nephron (by active transport into the
peritubular capillaries // blood capillaries)

F4 : No protein in the glomerular filtrate / urine.

E7 : They are large molecules.

E8 : Unable to pass through the wall of blood

capillaries / Bowmans capsule.

F5 : Very high content of urea in the urine.

E9 : Secretion of urea into the nephron at the distal

convoluted tubules

Max
10

(b) (ii)

Any ten points

Able to explain changes that might occur to the
content of the adults urine.
Sample answer:

E1 : excess glucose is found in his urine

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F- it provides humans with necessities of life

E2 : Pglucose
cannot be
intotoglycogen
is a resource
forconverted
food /timber
build shelter / as1a

fuel/fibers for clothing

E3 : Excess glucose will not be reabsorbed from the

F- many plant species are original sources of
nephron // proximal convoluted tubules

1
1

pharmaceutical drugs/medicines.
Pcommodities,
for example,
new crop plants1or
E4 : into New
( peritubular)
capillaries
// blood capillaries
medicinal materials could be developed using the gene
pool from wild species in the Any
forests.
three points
F-Allow for biological control to maintain stable
Ablepopulation
to suggest a laboratory experiment to confirm the
content
the urine climatic conditions, biogeochemical cycles,
P- of Regulate
prevent flooding
Sample
answer:
F- Natural ecosystems and species in the wild are 1
beautiful
F1 : (The laboratory experiment to be conducted) is
P- there is much pleasure to be derived from unspoilt
the Benedicts test.
1
natural environment.
F-a Ecotourism
P1 : (In
test tube) , add about 1 ml of urine sample
P-could
incomesolution
for some countries
with 1 mlprovide
of Benedicts
1
Any 2F and 2P
P2 : The mixture is heated (in a water bath) for 5
minutes

1
1
1
1
1

1
1
1
4

Waste materials from households

P3 : Observe
thein
presence
brick red precipitate
to
- rich
organic of
matters,bacteria
and microorganism
confirm
presence pond)
of glucose
in the urine
- the
(in oxidation
the sewage
is decomposed by

Biodiversi
ty is
important
for several
reasons:

(millions0 of aerobic bacteria (in the presence of

Any three points
oxygen)
Decomposed sewage /sludge settled to the bottom
of the pond
Fermentation takes place at (sedimentation tanks)
Using anaerobic bacteria
Produce methane/carbon dioxide/minerals
Digested sludge used as fertilisers

Any 6

1
1
1
1
1
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8(b)

The first coloniser are the plankton and algae. These

species are usually brought in by muddy feet of birds and
other animals that visit the pond.

SULIT

The phytoplankton and algae photosynthesise and provide

food for the zooplankton. When these organisms die and
decompose, there is more organic matter in the pond.
These organic matter provides nutrients for growth of
submerged plants.

Submerged plants such as Hydrilla and Elodea are now

found in the pond. They can photosynthesise and spread
rapidly by vegetative propagation.

When the submerged plants die, they sink to the bottom.

They are decomposed and the humus layer becomes
thicker. Soil is also eroded into the pond and the pond
becomes shallower.

1
The conditions become unsuitable for submerged plants
but more favourable for floating plants. The seeds are
usually brought in by birds and animals that use pond.
The floating plants such as Lemna, Eichornia and
Nymphaea now grow in the pond.
The floating plants cover a large area of the surface water
and reduce the amount of sunlight to submerged plants.
The submerged plants die, decompose and more humus is
formed.
As the pond becomes more shallow and fertile, the floating
plants are gradually replaced by emergent plants. Sedges,
for example, Cyperus and Fimbristylis are found on the
edge of the pond.
As more plants die and decompose, the pond becomes even
more shallow. The floating plants die and sedges and other
emergent plants spread from the edge to the middle of the
pond.
Eventually the pond is filled with soil and becomes drier.

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Terrestrial herbaceous plant such as Euphorbia hirta,

Ageratum conyziodes and other grasses grow in the area.
The land becomes drier and more fertile.

The herbaceous plants are gradually replaced by shrubs

and small trees.

Eventually a terrestrial forest is formed.

1
10

TOTAL

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QUESTION
QUESTION9 9
No

Marking Criteria

(a)

Similarities

Marks

plants and humans are exposed to stimuli from the

external environment, such as light, water,
chemical, etc.

these external stimuli stimulates automatic or

involuntary responses in plant and reflex actions in
humans,

1
2

Differences
F-rate of response
P-is slow in plants, is fast in humans

1
1

F-Duration of response
P-for plants response lasts longer if the stimulus stays
the same; it involve either a rapid response for
humans.

F-Location of response
P-for plants, a response takes place at the region just
below the shoot tip or above the root tip; for humans
response takes place in one or more specific
effectors in different parts of the body.

F-Nature of message
P- for plants it is chemical; for human it is both
chemical (hormone) and electrical

F-Type of response
P- for plants it is a growth movement caused by cell
division and cell elongation; for humans it involves
muscular contraction or secretions from glands

Any 2Fs and 2Ps

8
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