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INTRODUCTION
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0-7803-8399-0/04/$20.00
02004 IEEE.
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4058
Aachen.
Germany, 2004
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111.
FORWARD-FLYBACK
BDC
A. Proposed Power topology
The proposed forward-flyback bi-directional DC-DC
converter with active clamp is shown in fig. 3. Where V,,
and Vba,represent the bus voltage and the battery voltage
respectively. On the high voltage side the windings Npl and
Np2 are in series (series sides, SS hereafter), and on the low
voltage side the windings N,, and Ns2are parallel (parallel
sides, PS hereafter). NpI, N,,, nl=NpI/N,I,represent the
winding turns and the turns ratio ofthe forward transformer
TI; Np2,Nd, n2=Np2/Na,are the winding turns and the turns
ratio of the flyback transformer T2. The turns ratio n, is
suooosed to be eaual to n, in this oaoer. C,
. is the active
clamp capacitor; Llk is the total leakage inductance of TI and
T2: Cl-CI are the equivalent output capacitance of the
switches SI-S4. The converter has two modes of operation:
charging mode and backup mode.
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E. A family afforward-flyback BDCs
We detailed the active clamp forward-flyback BDCs as an
example in this paper, but in fact there is a family of the
derivative hybrid forward-flyback BDCs for the various
clamp and reset circuits of forward and flyback converters
such as the active clamp, the LCD reset, the ZVT reset, and
the two transistors forward converters [ 121. So the topologies
of forward-flyback BDCs are very abundance.
IV.
EXPERIMENTAL
RESULTS
A prototype was built to evaluate the performance of the
proposed active clamp forward-flyback BDC, the
specifications of the prototype are:
Churgingmode: V~=120-180V; P,h,.=25OW;
Vb,=ISV;
f,=50kHz;
Backup mode: Vbat=12-18V; Pbackup=150W;
Vb.,=150V, f,=50kHz;
Fig.6 (a) and (b) is the experimental waveforms of the
charging mode when Vb,=kSOV, Ib.,=1.15A,Vb,=15V,
Ib,=IOSA. The two channels of fig. 6 (a) are VPI and VII,
the two channels of fig. 6 (b) are V, and Vdr2, from which
we can see that the switches S i and S2 are all operating at
Zero-Voltage-Switching.
Fig. 6 (c) are the experimental waveforms of the backup
mode with the active clamp technique in the flyback branches.
The circuit operates at Vba,=I5V, Ib.,=8.3A, Vb,=lSOV,
lb,=0.76A. The four channels of fig. 6 (c) is V,, I,?, V,
and Vdd, From the experimental waveforms we can see that
SI operates with zero-current-switching and So operates with
zero-voltage-switching.
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REFERENCES
[ I ] Edith Navarro, Philippe Perol, Enrique J Dede, et al. A new eficiecy
low mass bidirectional battery discharge-charge regulator far low
voltage batteries, PESC98, pp.842-845
[2] K. Venkatesan, Current mode controlled bi-directional flyback
wnverter, PESC89, pp. 835-842.
[3] Schuch L, Rech C, Hey L, etc. A battery ZVT bi-directional charger for
Uninterruptible Power Supplies, PESC 2002, vo1.4, 1841 -1846
[4] Bojrup M, Karlsson P, Alakula M, et al. A dual purpose battery charger
far electric vehicles, PESC98, pp.565-570
[ 5 ] Konstantin P Louganski, Modeling and analysis o f a DC power
distribution system in 21st century airliften. Master thesis of Virginia
Polytechnic Institute and State University. Sep. 1999
[6] Gang Chen, Dehong Xu, Yim-Shu Lee, A novel fully
zero-voltage-switching phase-shift bi-directional DC-DC converter,
APEC 2001,pp.974-979
[7] Kunrong Wang, Fred C. Lee, Jason Lai, Operation principle of
bi-directional full-bridge X i D C converter with unified soft-switching
scheme and soft-staning capability, APEC 2000, pp.l I I-I 18
[8] Manu Jain, Daniele M, Praveen K. Jain A bidirectional DC-DC
converter topology for low power application, IEEE Transactions on
Power Electronics, 2OOO,vo1.15, 0.4, pp.595-606
[9] Victor Yakushev, Valery Meleshin, Simon Fraidlin, Full-bridge
isolated current fed converter with active clamp, Proc. of APEC 1999,
pp.560-566
[IO] I. Cohen, D.Hills Pulse width modulated DC/DC convener with
reduced ripple current stress and zero voltage switching capability. U.S.
patent 5,291,382
[I I] Yonghan Kang, Byungcho Choi, Wonseok Lim. Analysis and design
offorward-flyback wnverteremploying two transfoners. PESC 2001,
pp.357-362.
[I21 Rudy Severns. The history of the forward wnverter. Switching Power
Magazine. July, 2000 pp: 20-22
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CONCLUSIONS
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