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Book Mission Project # 2: Initiated on June 2010; Completed on March 2014 and Published on Oct. 2014.
PREFACE
Entomology as a science of inter-depended branches like biochemistry, molecular entomology, insect
biotechnology; has made rapid progress in its attributes in the light of modern discoveries. This also
implies that there is an urgent need to manage the available resources scientifically for the good of man.
In the past five decades, entomology in the world/country has taken giant steps ahead. Continued
research has evolved better pest management through molecular approaches. The aim of the Short
Views on Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology book is to integrate perspectives across
biochemistry and molecular biology, physiology, immunology, molecular evolution, genetics,
developmental biology and reproduction of insects. This century is proclaimed as the Era of
Biotechnology and its consists of all types of Mol-Bio applications, which is an essential component for
a through understanding of the Insect Biology. This volume 1 & 2 (8 section with 30 chapters)
establishes a thorough understanding of physiological and biochemical functions of proteins, genes in
insects life processes; the topics dealt with in the individual chapters include chemistry of the insect
cuticle, hormone and growth regulators; biochemical defenses of insects; the biochemistry of the toxic
and detoxification action; modern molecular genetics and evolution; inter- and intra-specific chemical
communication and behavior; insect pheromone and molecular architecture, phylogeny and chemical
control of insect by using insect pheromones biotechnology; insect modern biology and novel plant
chemical and microbial insecticides for insect control, followed by a discussion of the various
mechanisms of resistance (both behavioral and physiological) and resistance management; modern insect
pest management through biochemical and molecular approaches; Mimetic analogs of insect
neuropeptide for pest management; entomo-informatics and computer-aided pesticide designing. In short
this book provides comprehensive reviews of recent research from various geographic areas around the
world and contributing authors area recognized experts (leading entomologist/scientist) in their
respective filed of molecular entomology. We will miss this collaboration now it has ended, but will feel
rewarded if this book is appreciated by our team/colleagues and remarkable mile stone in entomology
field.
This book emphasizes upon the need for and relevance of studying molecular aspects of entomology in
Universities, Agricultural Universities and other centers of molecular research. To encompass this
knowledge and, particularly disseminate it to the scientific community free of cost, was the major
inspiring force behind the launch of Short Views on Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.
Editors
Raman Chandrasekar
Brij Kishore Tyagi
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ShortViewson
InsectBiochemistryand
MolecularBiology
Editedby
Raman Chandrasekar, Ph.D.,
Kansas State University, USA.
B.K.Tyagi, Ph.D.,
Centre for Research in Medical Entomology (ICMR), India.
Zhong Zheng Gui, Ph.D.,
Jiangsu University of Science and Technology,
Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of
Agricultural Sciences, China.
Gerald R. Reeck, Ph.D.,
Kansas State University, USA.
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Contributing Authors
Dr. B.K.Tyagi
Prof.Fernando G. Noriega
Prof. K. Sahayaraj
Prof.Yanyuan Bao
Institute of Insect Science,
Zhejiang University, China.
Prof. PatriciaY.Scaraffia
Department of Tropical Medicine,
Tulane University, New Orleans,
LA 70112, USA.
Dr. P. Somasundaram
Central Sericultural Germplasm Resources Centre,
P.B.No.44, Thally Road,
Hosur-635109,
Tamilnadu, India.
College of Forestry,
Northwest A & F University
Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Dr. R. Srinivasan
School of Biotechnology,
Trident Academy of Creative Technology
(TACT), Bhubaneswar 751013 Odisha, India.
School of Science
University of Phayao, Thailand.
Department of Entomology,
University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL,
61801, USA
.
Prof. K. Murugan
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Acknowledgements
Writing and publishing a book requires the assistance of individuals who are
creative, talented, and hard-working. All of these qualities were present in the
individuals assembled to produce this book volume. I would like to express my
heartfelt gratitude to my former teacher Prof. Seo Sook Jae, (GSNU, South Korea),
Prof. Subba Reddy Palli (University of Kentucky, USA), and other external mentors
Prof. Marian R. Goldsmith (University of Rhode Island, USA), Prof. Enoch Y. Park
(Shizuoka University, Japan), Prof. M. Kobayashi (Nagoya University, Japan), Prof.
CHU Jang Hann (National University of Singapore, Singapore), Prof. Thomas W.
Sappington (USDA-ARS, USA), Prof. Fernando G. Noriega (Florida International
University, USA), Dr. Srinivasan Ramasamy, AVRDC, The World Vegetable
Center, Taiwan), Dr. H.C. Sharam (ICRISAT, India), who inspiration and
supported me at many ways for the commencement of this International Book
Mission Program. The book mission program was initiated on May 2010,
completed on March 2014 and published on October 2014. I have no words to
express my feeling for all those who provided valuable contributions from USA,
South Korea, Japan, China, India, Thailand, Taiwan, Bulgaria, France, Iseral, and
Portugal (Contributors name list, see page no. v) and made the completion of this
book possible. We express our appreciation to the following people (Reviewer
name list, see page no. vii) who reviewed various part of the manuscript as it was
being developed and improved quality of each chapter. I thank the ICMR, New
Delhi, and Chinese Academy of Agricultural, China, and Kansas State University for
support from several aspects. Many others (scientists and publishers) have also
allowed us to use their materials in the various chapters, their color image have then
been converted to gray color/BW. Iam especially indebted to International Book
Mission Organization, Academic Publishing Services for the production of book. I
thank my Co-Editors for their continuous vigilance over the book project and for
always giving advance notice of the editing and proofreading schedules. I thank also
my Brintha, P.G., (my wife), who in all possible way, encouragement helped
transform our original efforts into an acceptable final form. I apologize to those
whose work could not be cited owing to space considerations limitation. Further, I
wish to recognize the moral support extended by colleagues and friends. I hope that
this volume will inspire interest on the diverse aspects of insect biochemistry and
molecular biology in aspiring and established scientists.
Raman Chandrasekar
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Book Series
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Table Contents
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Page No.
Preface
Forward message
Contributors
Reviewers
Acknolwedgement
i
ii
iii
iv
v
Volume1
Section I: Insect Biochemical approaches
Raman Chandrasekar, P.G., Brintha, Enoch Y.Park, Paolo Pelsoi, Fei Liu,
Marian Goldsmith, Anthony Ejiofor, B.R., Pittendrigh, Y.S., Han,
Fernando G. Noriega, Manickam Sugumaran, B.K., Tyagi, Zhong Zheng Gui,
Fang Zhu, Bharath Bhusan Patnaik, and P. Michailova
2.
57
Sahayaraj, K.
3.
75
4.
99
5.
127
xvii
149
Manickam Sugumaran
185
217
Insect Immunity
233
253
271
291
317
331
Paraskeva V. Michailova
355
Dhanenjeyan, K. J., Paramasivam, R., Thanmozhi, V., Chandrasekar,R., and Tyagi, B.K.
Index
363
xviii
Volume2
Section V:
373
385
in Lepidoptera.
409
Section VI:
429
449
473
497
509
Ronald J. Nachman
xix
Section VII:
533
549
Usha Rani, P.
575
595
Section VIII:
Insect Bioinformatics
621
633
685
Jitrayut Jitonnom
Index
709
xx
ShortViewson
InsectBiochemistryand
MolecularBiology
Volume 1 & 2
ABSTRACTS
Volume1
Abstract
Chapter -1
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, 238 Burt Hall, Kansas State
University, Manhattan, KS, USA
2
Department of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
3
Green Chemistry Research Division, Research Institute of Science and Technology,
ShizuokaUniversity, 836 Ohya Suruga-ku Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
4
State Key Laboratory for Biology Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant
Protection, Chinease Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Bejing,China
5
Department of Biological Science and Technology, Shaanxi Xueqian Normal
University, Xian, Shaanxi, China
6
Biological Sciences Department, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
7
Department of Biological Sciences, College of Agriculture, Human & Natural
Sciences, Tennessee State University, 3500 John A Merritt Blvd., Nashville,
Tennessee 37209, USA
8
Department of Entomology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, 61801, USA
9
Division of Plant Biotechnology, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Chonnam
National University, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea
10
Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami,
FL 33199, USA
11
Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
12
Centre for Research in Medical Entomology (ICMR), 4-Sarojini Street, Chinna
Chokkikulam, Madurai 625002, TN, India
13
Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Sericultural Research Institute,
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
14
Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
15
School of Biotechnology, Trident Academy of Creative Technology (TACT),
Bhubaneswar 751013 Odisha, India
16
Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of
Sciences, Bulgaria
Chapter-2
Modulation of Botanicals on Pests
Biochemistry
K. Sahayaraj*
Department of Advanced Zoology and Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College
(Autonomous), Palayamkottai 627 002, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
Chapter -3
Detoxication, stress and immune
responses in insect antenna: new
insights from transcriptomics
David Siaussat*, Thomas Chertemps, Martine
Mabche-Coisne
UMR 1272 UPMC-INRA PISC Physiologie de lInsecte: Signalisation et
Communication,7 Quai Saint Bernard, F-75000 Paris, France.
Abstract
Chapter-4
Application of isotopically labeled
compounds and tandem mass
spectrometry for studying metabolic
pathways in mosquitoes
Stacy Mazzalupo1 and Patricia Y. Scaraffia1,2*
1
Chapter-5
Field Response of Dendroctonus
armandi Tsai & Li (Coleoptera:
Scolytinae) to Synthetic
Semiochemicals in Shaanxi, China
Shou-An Xie1*, Shu-Jie LV1, Hui-Chen1, Raman
Chandrasekar2
1
Abstract
Chapter-6
Insect Cuticular Sclerotization
Hardening Mechanisms and
Enzymes
Manickam Sugumaran*
Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey
Blvd, Boston, MA 02125, USA
Abstract
Chapter-8
Chapter-7
New Approaches to Study Juvenile
Hormone Biosynthesis in Insects
Crisalejandra Rivera-Perez, Marcela Nouzova, and
Fernando G. Noriega*
Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University,
Miami, FL 33199,USA
Abstract
Chapter-9
The innate immune network in a
hemimetabolous insect, the brown
planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens
Yan-Yuan Bao1*, Raman Chandrasekar2, Chuan-Xi
Zhang1*
1
Chapter-10
Immune Pathways in Anopheles
gambiae
Chapter-11
Key biochemical markers in
silkworms challenged with immuno
elicitors and their association in
genetic resistance for survival
Somasundaram, P.1*, Raman Chandrasekar2, Ashok
Kumar, K.1, Manjula, A.1
1
Chapter-12
The recent progress of the W and Z
chromosome of the silkworm,
Bombyx mori
Abstract
Chapter-13
Molecular characterization and DNA
barcoding for identification of
agriculturally important insects
Rakshit Ojha, S. K. Jalali* and T. Venkatesan
National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects, Post Bag No. 2491,
H. A. Farm Post, Hebbal, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560024, Karnataka,
India
Chapter-14
Polytene chromosomes and their
significance for Taxonomy,
Speciation and Genotoxicology
Paraskeva Michailova*
Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of
Sciences, 1, Blvd. Tsar Osvoboditel, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
Chapter-15
Abstract
The
polytene
chromosomes
are
interphase
chromosomes which are formed by the endomitotic
replication of chromosomes without cell division. Their
large size, constant somatic pairing of the homologues
and species-specific band patterns makes them
important markers for taxonomy, systematics and
evolution. The significance of the polytene
chromosomes for the taxonomy and systematics of the
family Chironomidae is discussed. Interspecies
differences by chromosome rearrangements, localization
and appearance of heterochromatin, differences in
amount of repetitive DNA elements are shown in the
genera Chironomus Mg. and Glyptotendipes Kieffer. The
extent and under what circumstances changes in the
banding patterns of the polytene chromosomes may
initiate sympatric, allopatric speciation and introgressive
hybridization are examined. The presence of fixed
aberrations in the homozygous state is an important
factor of species divergence. Sympatric species display
more complicated chromosome rearrangements then
allopatric species. In addition, hybridization tests
revealed that pre - and postmating isolating mechanisms
were operating. The introgressive hybridization in
chironomids, a process of incorporation of genes of one
species into the gene pool of another species was
shown. The high resolution of chironomid salivary
gland chromosomes and their sensitivity to external
stressors allows their use in the diagnosis of
environmental quality and hence of the potential
hazards posed by environmental pollution.
Key words: Polytene chromosomes, Chironomidae,
sympatric and allopatric speciation, introgressive
hybridization, genotoxicology
________________________________________________
*For Correspondence (email: michailova@zoology.bas.bg
or pmichailova@yahoo.com)
Volume2
Chapter-16
Understanding the functions of sex
peptide receptors?
Orly Hanin1,2 and Ada Rafaeli2*
1
Abstract
Chapter-17
Current views on the function and
evolution of olfactory receptors in
Lepidoptera
Arthur de Fouchier1, Nicolas Montagn2, Olivier
Mirabeau1 and Emmanuelle Jacquin-Joly1,*
1
Chapter-18
Molecular architecture, phylogeny
and biogeography of pheromone
biosynthesis and reception genes /
proteins in Lepidoptera
Jian-Cheng Chang, P. Malini and R. Srinivasan*
AVRDC The World Vegetable Center, P. O. Box 42, Shanhua, 74199
Tainan, Taiwan
Abstract
Chapter-19
Application of Nanoparticles in
sustainable Agriculture: Its Current
Status
Atanu Bhattacharyya* 1, Raman Chandrasekar 2,
Asit Kumar Chandra3, Timothy T. Epidi and
Reddy Shetty Prakasham5
Chapter-20
Mosquito Ribonucleotide Reductase:
A Site for Control
Daphne Q.-D. Pham1, *, Victor H. Perez1, Lissette
Velasquez2, Dharty Bhakta 2, Erica L. Berzin1, Guoli
Zhou2,3, and Joy. J. Winzerling2,3
1
Chapter-21
Green protocol for synthesis of metal
nanoparticles to control insect pests
K. Murugan1*, R. Chandrasekar2, C.
Panneerselvam1, A. Naresh Kumar1, P.
Madhiyazhagan1, P. Mahesh Kumar1, Jiang-Shiou
Hwang3, Jiang Wei4
1
Chapter-22
Aquaporins in Blood-Feeding
Arthropods
Abstract
Chapter-23
Mimetic analogs of three insect
neuropeptide classes for pest
management
Ronald J. Nachman*
Areawide Pest Management Research, Southern Plains Agricultural
Research Center, USDA, 2881 F/B Road, College Station, TX 77845, USA
Abstract
Chapter-24
Induced resistance in plants and
counter-adaptation by insect pests
Abdul Rashid War and Hari C Sharma*
International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics
(ICRISAT), Patancheru-502324, Andhra Pradesh-India
Abstract
Chapter-25
Insect Chemical Communication An Important Component of Novel
Approaches in the Insect Pest
Management
Pathipati Usha Rani*
Senior Principal Scientist, Biology and Biotechnology Division, CSIRIndian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad- 500 007, Andhra
pradesh, India.
Abstract
Chapter-26
Mosquito control using biological
larvicides: Current Scenario
Subbiah Poopathi1*, C. Mani1 and Raman
Chandrasekar2
Chapter-27
Application of RNA Interference
toward Insecticide Resistance
Fang Zhu1,2*, Yingjun Cui3, Douglas B. Walsh1,
Laura C. Lavine2
1
Abstract
Chapter-28
Entomo-informatics: A prelude to
Chapter-29
Molecular expression and structurefunction relationships of
apolipophorin III in insects with
special reference to innate immunity
Bharat Bhusan Patnaik1,3, Raman Chandrasekar 2,
Yeon Soo Han1*
Chapter-30
Cover page contributors: Usha Rani, Murugan, K., Raman Chandrasekar, Fang Zhu,
Emmanule J.Joly, Hansen, I., Ada Rafeli, Hiroaki Abe, Michalovia, P.,
Insect Image /
Photograph contributions: Raman Chandrasekar, Geoff Attardo, Murugan, K.,
Sergio Frada, Foto Peti, Yudy Sauw, Hiroaki Abe, John Horstman,
Syed Ishfaq Ali Shah, H.C Sharma, Jill Sterit Murphy, Dennis Hoffman,
Dave Clermont, Juan Carlos GM., Charleen E.M., Marrisia Ruth,
Butterfly Enthusiast Group, Insect photography for fun group,
KSU Insect Zoo, Katalin Hollay, Pamela Judith Wanamaker,
Marc Fischer, Julio Medina
Cover Design:
Production
Manager:
Paper:
,
,