Agric. sci. dev., Vol(3), No (10), October, 2014. pp.

333-336

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Agriculture Science Developments

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ISSN:
2306-7527
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Comparison of Traits Height Area Large and Small Diameter of Canopy

12 Ecotypes of Thymus Kotschyanus in Qom Region
Seyed Abolfazl Taheri *
Master gardener tends herbs, Qom University of Agriculture
*Corresponding author: Saiedab2010@yahoo.com

Keywords
Thymus kotschyanus
Plant height
Plant area
Canopy cover
Qom Region

1.

Abstract
Thymus (Thymus kotschyanus) belongs to the Lamiaceae (Labiatae) family. It is one of the valuable species
of plants which growths mainly in the mountainous regions. These species are distributed almost all over
the world, especially in Mediterranean areas. From botanical point of view, this plant is cosidered as woody
plants with short stature, and herbaceous perennial with woody base which is known as a stomach tonic,
energizing, anticonvulsants, Carminative, Antitussive, Sedative , antibacterial, anti-parasitic and fungal, anti
HIV infection and anti cancer. Its essential oil has been mainly used in food Industry, pharmaceutical, health
and beauty and beekeeping. It can be found in some special areas of Qom like Gazeran, Salafchekan, Kahak,
Ghahan, Qomrood, Ghanavat and Neyzar which is mostly of kotschyanus species. The purpose of this study
was small and four large diameter canopy height and cover an area of twelve was Thymus kotschyanus in
Qom Region. The treatments involve 12 ecotypes of Thymus kotschyanus, evaluated in randomized
complete blocks design with three replications in the farm of Badiee research engineering station of Qom.
Morphological traits including large and small diameter of canopy of it were recorded. 5 plants were taken
from each experimental unit having a highly meaningful difference between each treatment.In the case of
two large diameter and small diameter attribute canopy ecoteep akotib Kurdistan, tafresh and Central Valley
to court order has the highest and lowest average plant height, and were about the Central ecoteep of Isfahan
ecoteep Isfahan and tafresh in the order has the highest and lowest average plant area of about ecoteep were
central in tafresh and Lorestan aligudarz ecoteep respectively has the highest and lowest average..

Introduction

The history of consuming herbs for treatment is as old as human age. In recent years, using medical herbs is increased because of their lower side
effects and costs and more adaptability of patients with such medicines and the known side effects of synthetic medicines [1]. Today, over 80%
and 20% of prescribed medicines in developing countries and developed industrial countries are herbal medicines and their derivatives respectively
[2]. USA is the greatest global market of herbal medicines while Japan is the biggest importer of such medicines in Asia [3].
There are near to 8000 species of herbs in Iran most of which can have medical impacts. Labiate family is among the first group of species
identified by botanists due to its food and medical properties[4]. Its species are dispersed throughout the world wile colonized in some
Mediterranean regions[5].
Globally, thyme has over 250 species of which 14 species are goring in Iran and 4 species are exclusive to Iran [6,7].
Most thyme species are broadly consumed worldwide as drink (tea), food tasters (spice and relish) and medicine [7].
Thyme is an important medical herb widely used since the past. However, various species are called thyme while the used specie in present research
with broad dispersion in Iran is mountain thyme or Thymus kotschyanus as one of the most well-known specie and the most important type in
terms of essence quantity and quality [8]. The existence of such specie in heights indicates that it can resist against coldness and hard conditions.
It has a broad dispersion in other areas of the country so that it is reported and harvested in Qazvin Province (1500 meters over sea) and Mazandaran
(1500 2000 meters over sea) [9]. In most well-known medical encyclopedia, thyme is introduced as a medical herb. Traditionally, it is used as
an anti-convulsion, food digestion, anti-spasm, anti-cough and anti-cold medicine. Its therapeutic parts include its flowers [10]. Thyme medical
ingredients are used to prepare syrups and tablets while its liquid essence; liquid alcoholic essence and thyme glycol propylene are all used in
making shampoos, creams and ointments. Its anti-fungus, anti-parasite and anti-bacterial effects are approved [10,11]. In Qom climate, thyme
especially kotschyanus is seen in such regions as Gazaran, Salafchgan, Kahak, Ghahan, Ghanavat and Nayzar. Present research aims at
investigating three characteristics including amount and percentage of essence and thymus extent in 12 Thymus kotschyanus ecotypes of in Qom
climate.

2.

Methodology

The experimental group consists of 12 thyme ecotypes in fully random blocks with three times of repetition in Qom Badiei Research and
Engineering Station. Experimental group of 12 mountain thyme ecotypes include Lorestan (Aligudarz), Lorestan (Khramabad), Isfahan (Faridan),
Markazi (Shazand), Markazi (Arak), Markazi (Tafresh), Seman (Shahmirzad), Isfahan (Ferydun Shahr), Western Azerbaijan (Urumiyeh), Lorestan
(Al-Ashtar), Kurdistan (Sanandaj) and Kurdistan (Divandareh).
Ecotypes were cultivated in lab in February 2010 and transferred to the main farm in April of the same year.
The studied morphological attributes include plant height, plant area, large and small canopy cover diameters for which five plants were sampled.
The height and diameters were computed in centimeters in March 2010. Throughout growth period, water distillation method was used and
mechanical/chemical combat was used against weeds and hedysarum. Data variance analysis was conducted by SAS software package.

Seyed Abolfazl Taheri *

334

Agriculture Science Developments Vol(3), No (10), October, 2014.

3.

Findings

Concerning all properties, experimental group differed very significantly in 0.01 levels.

a
bc

Kurdistan (Divandareh)

Western Azerbaijan
(Urumiyeh)

Isfahan (Fereydun Shahr)

Semnan (Shahmirzad)

bc

Kurdistan (Sanandaj)

bc

Markazi (Tafresh)

Isfahan (Faridan)

Lorestan (Khoramabad

Markazi (Shazand)

bc

Markazi (Arak)

bc

Lorestan (Al-Ashtar)

35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0

Lorestan (Aligudarz

Height

Comparing the average height of stem (cm):

The results from comparing 12 thyme kotschyanas ecotypes indicate that plant height in Tafresh ecotype (32.2cm) and Isfahan ecotype (Fereydun
Shahr) (15.6cm) had the highest and lowest rates respectively.

Figure 1. comparing the average of height in 12 thyme kotschyanas ecotypes

bc

bcd bcd

Kurdistan (Sanandaj)

Lorestan (Al-Ashtar)

Western Azerbaijan
(Urumiyeh)

Semnan (Shahmirzad)

Markazi (Tafresh)

Markazi (Arak)

Markazi (Shazand)

Isfahan (Faridan)

bc

cd

Isfahan (Fereydun Shahr)

Kurdistan (Divandareh)

Lorestan (Khoramabad

100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

Lorestan (Aligudarz

Large canopy cover diameter

Comparing the large canopy cover diameter (cm):

The results from comparing 12 thyme kotschyanas ecotypes in Qom region indicate that concerning large canopy cover diameter, Tafresh ecotype
(89.6cm) and Kurdistan ecotype (33.6cm) had the highest and lowest rates respectively.

Figure 2. comparing the average of large canopy cover diameter in 12 thyme kotschyanas ecotypes
Comparing the small canopy cover diameter (cm):
The results from comparing 12 thyme kotschyanas ecotypes in Qom region indicate that concerning small canopy cover diameter, Tafresh ecotype
(79.3cm) and Kurdistan ecotype (28.6cm) had the highest and lowest rates respectively.

335

Comparison of traits height area large and small diameter of canopy 12ecotypes of thymus kotschyanus in Qom region

a
ab
cde

defg

efg

Kurdistan (Divandareh)

Isfahan (Fereydun Shahr)

Semnan (Shahmirzad)

Markazi (Tafresh)

Markazi (Arak)

Markazi (Shazand)

Isfahan (Faridan)

Lorestan (Khoramabad

bc

Kurdistan (Sanandaj)

def defg

def
fg

Western Azerbaijan
(Urumiyeh)

bcd

Lorestan (Al-Ashtar)

90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

Lorestan (Aligudarz

Small canopy
coverdiameter

Agriculture Science Developments Vol(3), No (10), October, 2014.

Figure 3. comparing the average of small canopy cover diameter in 12 thyme kotschyanas ecotypes

b
c

d
e

Lorestan (Al-Ashtar)

Semnan (Shahmirzad)

Markazi (Tafresh)

Markazi (Arak)

Markazi (Shazand)

Isfahan (Faridan)

Lorestan (Khoramabad

Isfahan (Fereydun Shahr)

Kurdistan (Divandareh)

Kurdistan (Sanandaj)

Western Azerbaijan
(Urumiyeh)

7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
Lorestan (Aligudarz

Plant Area

Comparing the canopy cover area (cm2):

The results from comparing 12 thyme kotschyanas ecotypes in Qom region indicate that concerning canopy cover area, Tafresh ecotype
(5950.7cm2) and Lorestan (Aligudarz) ecotype (911.2cm2) had the highest and lowest rates respectively.

Figure 4. comparing the average of plant area in 12 thyme kotschyanas ecotypes

Table 1. comparing the averages of morphological traits of 12 thyme kotschyanas ecotypes

Change
resources
Repetition
Experimental
group
Experimental
error
Change ratios

df

Plant height
4.75ns
102.75**

Large canopy
cover diameter
470.2ns
852.68**

Small canopy
cover diameter
74.69ns
644.92**

2
1

Plant area
183114.7ns
7851725.22**

22

4.68

86.78

63.84

57227.54

10.07

16.5

16.38

9.05

Seyed Abolfazl Taheri *

336

Agriculture Science Developments Vol(3), No (10), October, 2014.

Table 2. analyzing the variances of 12 thyme kotschyanas ecotypes

Plant height
Plant area

Small canopy
cover
diameter

Large canopy
cover
diameter

911.7e

32.3fg

36.3d

2074.7d
3029.3c
2105.7d
2089d
5950.7a
5458b
1234.7e

44.3d-f
55.3b-d
44.6d-f
43.3d-g
79.3a
67ab
36.6e-g

Ecotype

Ecotype
number

18bc

Lorestan (Aligudarz)

14

48.3b-d

16.6v

Lorestna (Khoramabad)

15

63b

21.3b

Isfahan (Faridan)

17

50b-d

17.6bc

Markazi (Shazand)

27

50.3b-d

19.6bc

Markazi (Arak)

29

89.6a

32.3a

Markazi (Tafresh)

30

81.6a

30a

Semnan (Shahmirzad)

31

42.6cd

15.6c

35

2998.7c

51c-e

60bc

3079c

60bc

65b

17.6bc

Isfahan (Fereydun Shahr)

Western Azerbaijan
(Urumiyeh)
Lorestan (AL-Ashtar)
Kurdistan (Sanandaj)

51

Kurdistan (Divandareh

52

30a

1801d

42.6d-g

56.6bc

21b

954.7e

28.6g

33.6d

18bc

37
43

Acknowledgements
I would like to specially thank my wife for all his efforts during tests. Likewise I would like to thank Dr. Pezhman Moradi and Dr. Leila Hakimi
from Saveh Azad University for their guidance. I should appreciate Qom Shahid Badiei Research Center for providing all their facilities.

References
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