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I study English.
2.
He plays football.
3.
They go to library.
4.
5.
B.
I go to school everyday.
2.
I am from Singapore.
3.
4.
She is a writer.
a.
b)
2)
b.
1.
b.
2.
a.
b.
1.
b.
UNIT V
SIMPLE PAST TENSE / PAST TENSE
(Bentuk lampau sederhana)
A. Penggunaan
1. Untuk menyatakan peristiwa atau perbuatan yang terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa
lampau.
2. Untuk menyatakan kejadian yang berulang-ulang atau yang telah menjadi kebiasaan di
waktu lampau.
B. Keterangan waktu
Adverb of time yang biasa digunakan dalam Simple Past Tense adalah :
1. Yesterday .
-
yesterday morning
yesterday afternoon
yesterday evening
yesterday night
2.
Last
last night
last week
last month
last year
last December
3.
4.
5.
-
last century
last monday
last friday
last January
C. Susunan kalimat
1. Positive (+) : Subject + Verb II
Subject
Verb II (Past)
I
wrote
You
bought
We
cleaned
They
played
He
went
She
gave
It
swam
- a century ago
Object
a story
a shirt
the room
tennis
to school
a present
very fast
2. Negative (-)
(-) Subject + did not + verb I
Subject
did not
I
You
We
They
did not
He
She
It
Verb I
write
buy
clean
play
goes
gives
swims
Object
a story
a shirt
the room
tennis
to school
a present
very fast
3. Interrogative (?)
(?) Did + subject + Verb I ?
Did
Subject
I
You
We
Did
They
He
She
It
Verb I
write
buy
clean
play
goes
gives
swims
Object
a story
a shirt
the room
tennis
to school
a present
very fast
Here you can see examples of the past form and base form for irregular verbs and regular
verbs:
V1
V2
V3
base
past
past participle
worked
The past form for all
regular
work
worked
regular verbs ends in verb
explode exploded exploded
liked
ed.
like
liked
gone
The past form for
irregular go
went
seen
irregular verbs is
verb
see
saw
sung
variable. You need to
sing
sang
learn it by heart.
You do not need the past participle
form to make the past simple
tense. It is shown here for
completeness only.
The structure for positive sentences in the past simple tense is:
subject + main verb
past
The structure for negative sentences in the past simple tense is:
subject + auxiliary verb + not + main verb
did
base
The structure for question sentences in the past simple tense is:
auxiliary verb + subject + main verb
did
base
The auxiliary verb did is not conjugated. It is the same for all persons (I did, you did, he did etc). And
the base form and past form do not change. Look at these examples with the main
verbs go and work:
subject
auxiliary verb
main verb
went
to school.
You
worked
very hard.
She
did
not
go
with me.
We
did
not
work
yesterday.
Did
you
go
to London?
Did
they
work
at home?
Exception! The verb to be is different. We conjugate the verb to be (I was, you were, he/she/it was,
we were, they were); and we do not use an auxiliary for negative and question sentences. To make a
question, we exchange the subject and verb. Look at these examples:
subject
main verb
I, he/she/it
was
here.
were
in London.
I, he/she/it
was
not
there.
were
not
happy.
Was
I, he/she/it
right?
Were
late?
We use the past simple tense to talk about an action or a situation - an event - in the past. The event
can be shortor long.
Here are some short events with the past simple tense:
The car exploded at 9.30am yesterday.
She went to the door.
We did not hear the telephone.
Did you see that car?
past
present
future
Here are some long events with the past simple tense:
I lived in Bangkok for 10 years.
The Jurassic period lasted about 62 million years.
We did not sing at the concert.
Did you watch TV last night?
past
present
future
Notice that it does not matter how long ago the event is: it can be a few minutes or seconds in the
past, or millions of years in the past. Also it does not matter how long the event is. It can be a few
milliseconds (car explosion) or millions of years (Jurassic period). We use the past simple tense
when:
In general, if we say the time or place of the event, we must use the past simple tense; we cannot
use the present perfect.
Here are some more examples:
Note that when we tell a story, we usually use the past simple tense. We may use the past
continuous tense to "set the scene", but we almost always use the past simple tense for the action.
Look at this example of the beginning of a story:
"The wind was howling around the hotel and the rain was pouring down. It was cold. The
dooropened and James Bond entered. He took off his coat, which was very wet, and ordered a drink
at the bar. He sat down in the corner of the lounge and quietly drank his..."
This page shows the use of the past simple tense to talk about past events. But note that there are
some other uses for the past simple tense, for example in conditional or if sentences.
The simple past tense is used to talk about actions that happened at a specific time in the past. You
state when it happened using a time adverb.
You form the simple past of a verb by adding -ed onto the end of a regular verb but, irregular verb
forms have to be learned.
To be
To be
Statements Statements
+
-
Questions ?
I was.
I wasn't.
Was I?
He was.
He wasn't.
Was he?
She was.
She wasn't.
Was she?
It was.
It wasn't.
Was it?
You were.
We were.
Questions
Short
answer
+
Short
answer
-
I worked.
I didn't work.
Did I work?
Yes, I did.
No, I didn't.
He worked.
He didn't work.
No, he
didn't.
She worked.
Did she
work?
No, she
didn't.
It worked.
It didn't work.
Did it work?
Yes, it did.
No, it didn't.
You worked.
Did you
work?
No, you
didn't.
We worked.
We didn't work.
No, we
didn't.
They worked.
Did they
work?
No, they
didn't.
Yes they
did.
UNIT I
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE / PRESENT TENSE
( Bentuk Sekarang Kebiasaan / kenyataan )
A. Penggunaan
1. Untuk menyatakan peristiwa atau perbuatan yang berlangsung setiap hari / berulang-ulang /
kebiasaan sehari-hari (habitual action).
2. Untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian atau peristiwa yang merupakan kebenaran umum
(general truth).
B.
Keterangan waktu
2.
3.
-
4.
5.
6.
7.
Adverb of frequency
always
usually
generally
habibually
normally
often
frequency
sometimes
occasionally
seldom
rarely
never
ever
every night
every Sunday
every Monday
every Wednesday
every Saturday
every January
every December
Every
every hour
every day
every week
every month
every year
every morning
every afternoon
every evening
Once
once a day
once a week
Twice
three times
four time
at noon
- once a month
- once a year
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
at night
at midnight
on Sunday, Monday
in the morning
in the afternoon
in the evening
C. Susunan kalimat
1.
2.
3.
Verb I (KK I)
write
buy
clean
play
goes
gives
swims
Object
a story
a shirt
the room
tennis
to school
a present
very fast
Do
Does
Subject
I
You
We
They
He
She
It
Verb I
write
buy
clean
play
goes
gives
swims
Verb I
write
buy
clean
play
goes
gives
swims
Object
a story
a shirt
the room
tennis
to school
a present
very fast
Object
a story|
a shirt?
the room?
tennis?
to school?
a present?
very fast?
base
auxiliary verb
main verb
like
coffee.
He, she, it
likes
coffee.
+
I, you, we, they
do
not
like
coffee.
He, she, it
does
not
like
coffee.
Do
like
coffee?
Does
he, she, it
like
coffee?
Look at these examples with the main verb be. Notice that there is no auxiliary:
subject
main verb
am
French.
are
French.
He, she, it
is
French.
am
not
old.
are
not
old.
He, she, it
is
not
old.
Am
late?
Are
late?
Is
he, she, it
late?
Am I right?
Tara is not at home.
You are happy.
past
present
future
I am not fat.
Why are you so beautiful?
Ram is tall.
past
present
future
This page shows the use of the present simple tense to talk about general events. But note that
there are some other uses for the present simple tense, for example in conditional or if sentences,
or to talk about the future. You will learn about those later.
The simple present tense is used to discuss permanant situations and the frequency of events.
To have
I have
I've
I work
he has
he's
He works
she has
she's
She works
it has
it's
It works
you work
we have we've
we work
they work
Statements Statements
+
-
Questions
I work.
I don't work.
Do I work?
Yes, I do.
He works.
No, I don't.
She works. She doesn't work. Does she work? Yes, she does. No, she doesn't.
It works.
It doesn't work.
Does it work?
Yes, it does.
No, it doesn't.
You work.
Do you work?
We work.
We don't work.
Do we work?
Yes we do.
No, we don't.
They work. They don't work. Do they work? Yes they do.
For example:
"I always get up at 6.00."
"I never drink coffee before 12.00."
"I work on my website every day."
"Every Monday and Thursday I go to the gym."
We also use the simple present to ask for and give instructions or to discuss a series of actions.
For example:
Q) How do I make pancakes?" A) Well, first you take 4 eggs and crack them into a bowl, then you
weigh out 4 oz. of flour and sieve it into the eggs. etc.
The simple present tense can also be used to discuss future events.