AMR Voice Quality Improvement Based On PLVA (RAN15.0 - 01)

WCDMA RAN
AMR Voice Quality Improvement

Based on PLVA Feature Parameter
Description
Issue
01
Date
2013-04-28
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2014. All rights reserved.

No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written
consent of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Trademarks and Permissions

and other Huawei trademarks are trademarks of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
All other trademarks and trade names mentioned in this document are the property of their respective holders.
Notice
The purchased products, services and features are stipulated by the contract made between Huawei and the
customer. All or part of the products, services and features described in this document may not be within the
purchase scope or the usage scope. Unless otherwise specified in the contract, all statements, information,
and recommendations in this document are provided "AS IS" without warranties, guarantees or representations
of any kind, either express or implied.
The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in the
preparation of this document to ensure accuracy of the contents, but all statements, information, and
recommendations in this document do not constitute a warranty of any kind, express or implied.
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Address:
Huawei Industrial Base

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Website:
http://www.huawei.com
Email:
support@huawei.com
Issue 01 (2013-04-28)
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Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
WCDMA RAN
AMR Voice Quality Improvement Based on PLVA Feature
Parameter Description
Contents
Contents
1 About This Document..................................................................................................................1
1.1 Scope..............................................................................................................................................................................1
1.2 Intended Audience..........................................................................................................................................................1
1.3 Change History...............................................................................................................................................................1
2 Overview.........................................................................................................................................3
3 Technical Description...................................................................................................................4
3.1 AMR Speech Encoding and Decoding...........................................................................................................................4
3.2 AMR Speech Decoding Using the Viterbi Algorithm....................................................................................................5
3.3 AMR Speech Decoding Using the PLVA......................................................................................................................6
4 Related Features.............................................................................................................................8
5 Network Impact.............................................................................................................................9
6 Engineering Guidelines.............................................................................................................10
6.1 When to Use AMR Voice Quality Improvement Based on PLVA..............................................................................10
6.2 Planning........................................................................................................................................................................10
6.2.1 RF Planning...............................................................................................................................................................10
6.2.2 Network Planning......................................................................................................................................................10
6.2.3 Hardware Planning....................................................................................................................................................10
6.3 Deployment..................................................................................................................................................................11
6.3.1 Requirements.............................................................................................................................................................11
6.3.2 Activation..................................................................................................................................................................11
6.3.3 Activation Observation..............................................................................................................................................12
6.3.4 Deactivation...............................................................................................................................................................12
6.4 Performance Monitoring...............................................................................................................................................12
6.5 Parameter Optimization................................................................................................................................................13
6.6 Troubleshooting............................................................................................................................................................13
7 Parameters.....................................................................................................................................14
8 Counters........................................................................................................................................15
9 Glossary.........................................................................................................................................16
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Contents
10 Reference Documents...............................................................................................................17
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1 About This Document
About This Document
1.1 Scope
This document describes WRFD-140201 AMR Voice Quality Improvement Based on PLVA,
including its technical principles, related features, network impact, and engineering guidelines.
1.2 Intended Audience

This document is intended for personnel who:
l
Need to understand the features described herein
Work with Huawei products
1.3 Change History

This section provides information about the changes in different document versions. There are
two types of changes, which are defined as follows:
l
Feature change
Changes in features of a specific product version
Editorial change
Changes in wording or addition of information that was not described in the earlier version
RAN15.0 01 (2013-04-28)
This issue does not include any changes.
RAN15.0 Draft A (2013-01-30)

Compared with issue 02 (2012-07-20) for RAN14.0, Draft A (2013-01-30) of RAN15.0 includes
the following changes.
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WCDMA RAN
Issue 01 (2013-04-28)
1 About This Document
Change Type
Change Description
Parameter Change
Feature change
None
None
Editorial change
Optimized engineering
guidelines. For details, see
chapter 6 Engineering
Guidelines.
None

WCDMA RAN
2 Overview
Overview
Adaptive Multi-rate(AMR) audio codec is a patented speech coding scheme adopted by the
3GPP as the standard codec for UMTS. Channel encoding for AMR voice services uses
convolutional codes. In RAN14.0, Huawei introduces the Parallel List Viterbi Algorithm
(PLVA) to decode convolutional codes. The PLVA outperforms the Viterbi algorithm used by
most vendors and previous Huawei products, and it improves the voice service quality without
affecting power control or compromising system capacity. The feature introduces more
robustness to the voice service which is more noticeable in poor radio condition.
AMR Voice Quality Improvement Based on PLVA does not depend on any other feature and
can be used with any other feature.
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3 Technical Description
Technical Description
3.1 AMR Speech Encoding and Decoding

At the UMTS physical layer, convolutional codes are used to perform channel encoding for
AMR voice services and power control is used to ensure AMR voice quality. Figure 3-1 shows
channel encoding and power control for UMTS AMR voice services in the uplink.
Figure 3-1 Channel encoding and power control for UMTS AMR voice services in the uplink
As shown in Figure 3-1, the UE uses convolutional codes to encode AMR voice data and sends
the encoded data to the NodeB. The NodeB decodes the received data and performs a cyclic
redundancy check (CRC) on the decoded data. The NodeB then sends the decoded data and a
CRC indicator (CRCI) to the RNC. The RNC calculates the block error rate (BLER) for outerloop power control based on all the CRCIs received. The RNC also sends the decoded data and
the CRCI to the Core Network (CN) for AMR voice data decoding (source decoding).
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NOTE
The RNC calculates the BLER for outer-loop power control based on the ratio of CRCIs indicating CRC
failures to all CRCIs.
AMR voice services include narrowband and wideband AMR voice services. There are three
classes of narrowband AMR voice services: A, B, and C. There are two classes of wideband
AMR voice services: A and B. The Viterbi algorithm and PLVA apply to both narrowband and
wideband AMR voice services. The following description is based on narrowband AMR voice
services. Of the three classes of narrowband AMR voice services, class A is of high importance
and includes a 12-bit number used for CRC. The other classes are of low importance and CRC
is not performed on them. 3.1 AMR Speech Encoding and Decoding shows the separate
channel encoding for classes A, B, and C of narrowband AMR services.
Figure 3-2 Channel encoding for classes A, B, and C of narrowband AMR services
3.2 AMR Speech Decoding Using the Viterbi Algorithm

The Viterbi algorithm is adopted by most vendors to decode convolutional codes. Figure 3-3
shows the working mechanism of the Viterbi algorithm.
Figure 3-3 Working mechanism of the Viterbi algorithm
The Viterbi algorithm selects the optimal path based on the maximum likelihood theory and
exports the data decoded on the optimal path. If the data decoded on the optimal path fails the
CRC, the AMR speech codec discards the data. As a result, voice quality deteriorates.
Figure 3-4 shows the narrowband AMR speech decoding using the Viterbi algorithm.
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Figure 3-4 Narrowband AMR speech decoding using the Viterbi algorithm
As shown in Figure 3-4, the three AMR voice classes are separately decoded by the Viterbi
decoder, and the CRC is performed only on the decoded data of class A. The CRCI is used as a
reference for outer loop power control (OLPC) and is also sent as a bad frame indication (BFI)
to the AMR speech codec on the CN. If a BFI indicates that a speech frame is erroneous, the
AMR speech codec on the CN discards the speech frame to prevent noise.
3.3 AMR Speech Decoding Using the PLVA

Huawei PLVA is an enhanced CRC-assisted Viterbi algorithm. Figure 3-5 shows the working
mechanism of the PLVA.
Figure 3-5 Working mechanism of the PLVA
Instead of selecting only the most optimal path, the PLVA selects the top N optimal paths and
performs CRC on the data decoded on these paths. The PLVA only exports data that passes the
CRC. If the data decoded on these paths fails the CRC, the PLVA exports the data decoded on
the optimal path, which is the same path selected by the Viterbi algorithm. The PLVA
outperforms the Viterbi algorithm because it chooses the data decoded on multiple paths, which
include the optimal one selected by the Viterbi algorithm. Therefore, when the data decoded by
the Viterbi algorithm is correct, the data decoded by the PLVA is also correct. However, when
the data decoded by the PLVA is correct, the data decoded by the Viterbi algorithm is not
necessarily correct because there are occasions when the data decoded on the optimal path is
incorrect whereas the data decoded on other paths selected by the PLVA is correct. In simulations
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where the PLVA selects four paths, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is 0.2 to 0.8 dB better than
that produced by the Viterbi algorithm.
Figure 3-6 shows the narrowband AMR speech decoding using the PLVA.
Figure 3-6 Narrowband AMR speech decoding using the PLVA
As shown in Figure 3-6, CRC is performed on the AMR voice data of class A and therefore the
data can be decoded using the PLVA. The mean opinion score (MOS) of class A AMR voice
data is improved by reducing the BLER. CRC is not performed on classes B and C AMR voice
data and therefore classes B and C AMR voice data can only be decoded by using the Viterbi
algorithm. The PLVA exports and sends the decoded data, Viterbi CRCI, and PLVA CRCI to
the RNC. The Viterbi CRCI is used for OLPC. The PLVA CRCI serves as the BFI, indicating
whether a speech frame is erroneous.
The Viterbi CRCI is used for OLPC and the PLVA CRCI serves as the BFI. This dual-CRCI
mechanism does not affect power control. Note that this feature decreases the uplink BLER and
improves the MOS of AMR voice service by using PLVA, it has no impact on the downlink.
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4 Related Features
Related Features
Prerequisite Features
None
Mutually Exclusive Features

None
Impacted Features
None
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5 Network Impact
Network Impact
System Capacity
No impact.
Network Performance
This feature improves the MOS of AMR voice services, especially the MOS of AMR voice
services in weak coverage areas.
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6 Engineering Guidelines
Engineering Guidelines
6.1 When to Use AMR Voice Quality Improvement Based

on PLVA
This feature can improve the AMR voice quality in the uplink, so it can be applied in any scenario
that meets the deployment requirements. For details about deployment requirements, see section
6.3.1 Requirements.
6.2 Planning
6.2.1 RF Planning
RF planning is not required.
6.2.2 Network Planning

Network planning is not required.
6.2.3 Hardware Planning

This feature sets the following requirements on NodeB hardware:
l
The BTS3812E, BTS3812A and BTS3812AE must be configured with the EULPd board.
The DBS3800 must be configured with the EBBCd board.
The 3900 series base station must be configured with the WBBPd or WBBPf board.
NOTE
Currently, for baseband boards, only the EULPd, EBBCd, WBBPd and WBBPf boards support the PLVA
feature. When the EULPd, EBBCd, WBBPd or WBBPf board is inserted together with other types of
baseband boards, AMR services cannot obtain the PLVA gain if the AMR services are set up on other types
of baseband boards.
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6.3 Deployment
6.3.1 Requirements
l
Operating environment and hardware requirements

This feature depends on NodeB hardware. For details, see 6.2.3 Hardware Planning.
The uplink resource group of the cell must contain a baseband board that supports this
feature. To check whether such a baseband board is contained, perform the following
steps:
1.
For the V200R015 NodeB, run the LST ULOCELL command to check for UL Baseband
Equipment ID to obtain the uplink resource group of the cell; for the V100R015 NodeB,
run the LST LOCELL command to check for UL BB Resource Group No. to obtain the
uplink resource group of the cell.
2.
For the V200R015 NodeB, run the LST BASEBANDEQM command to check for
Baseband Equipment ID, Cabinet No., Subrack No., and Slot No. to obtain the
information about the target baseband board; for the V100R015 NodeB, run the LST
ULGROUP command to check for UL BB Resource Group No., Cabinet No. of UL
Process Unit, Subrack No. of UL Process Unit, and Slot No. of UL Process Unit to
obtain the information about the target baseband board.
3.
Verify that the baseband board meets the requirements specified in section 6.2.3 Hardware
Planning.
Dependencies on other Features

None
License
The license has been activated. For details about how to activate the license, see License
Management Feature Parameter Description.
Feature ID
Feature
Name
License Control Item
NE
Sales Unit
WRFD-14020
1
AMR Voice
Quality
Improvement
Based on
PLVA
AMR Voice Quality

Improvement Based on
PLVA (Per Cell)
NodeB
Per cell
Other NEs as well as for network equipment and transmission devices from other vendors
None
6.3.2 Activation
After the license is activated, this feature has been activated.
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6.3.3 Activation Observation

The VS.PLVA.User counter informs operators of the number of UEs using this feature. If the
value of VS.PLVA.User counter is not 0, this feature is effective.
6.3.4 Deactivation
This feature can be disabled after the license for this feature has been deactivated.
6.4 Performance Monitoring

The gain produced by this feature is reflected by a noticeable increase in the MOS. Take 12.2
kbit/s AMR voice services as an example. In the uplink simulations, if the BLER is 1%, the
MOS is increased by about 0.08; if the BLER is greater than 10%, the MOS is increased by
about 0.35. (The BLER increase is generally caused by UE power limitation, fast channel change,
or strong interference.) In addition, the MOS increase is generally the same under different
channel fading conditions.
Figure 6-1 describes the MOS comparison for AMR 12.2k voice (Simulation Result in the
uplink).
Figure 6-1 MOS comparison for AMR 12.2k voice (simulation result in the uplink)
The MOS gain produced by this feature needs to be tested using the MOS test instrument. Endto-end MOS tests can be performed for this feature. However, this feature provides uplink gains.
In this case, the test is recommended only for the uplink MOS.
Fixed-point test in the lab and drive test are available, which are described as follows:
l
Fixed-point test in the lab
To conduct a fixed-point test in the lab, perform the following steps:

1.
Deactivate this feature and calculate the MOS.
2.
Under the same conditions, reactivate this feature and calculate the MOS in the same way.
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The MOS gain is obtained by the average value calculated in step 2 minus that calculated in step
1. The MOS gain is about 0.2.
l
Drive test
To conduct a drive test in the lab, perform the following steps:

1.
Determine a test route, deactivate this feature, and calculate the MOS.
2.
Under the same conditions, reactivate this feature and calculate the MOS in the same route.
The MOS gain is obtained by the average value calculated in step 2 minus that calculated in step
1. The MOS gain is over 0.1.
NOTE
In a drive test, the BLER fluctuates significantly. Therefore, the MOS gain obtained in a drive test is
different from that obtained in a fixed-point test in the lab.
6.5 Parameter Optimization

Parameter optimization is not required.
6.6 Troubleshooting
None.
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7 Parameters
Parameters
There are no specific parameters associated with this feature.
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8 Counters
Counters
Table 8-1 Counter description

Counter ID
Counter Name
Counter
Description
NE
Feature ID
Feature Name
50332258
VS.PLVA.User
Numbers of plva
user in one cell
NodeB
Multi-mode:
None
AMR Voice
Quality
Improvement
Based on PLVA
GSM: None
UMTS:
WRFD-140201
LTE: None
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9 Glossary
Glossary
For the acronyms, abbreviations, terms, and definitions, see Glossary.
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10
10 Reference Documents
Reference Documents
1.
3GPP TS 25.101, "User Equipment (UE) radio transmission and reception (FDD)"
2.
3GPP TS 25.212, "Channel Coding and Multiplexing"
3.
3GPP TS 26.090, "AMR Speech Codec; Speech transcoding," December 2009
4.
License Management Feature Parameter Description
Issue 01 (2013-04-28)

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AMR Voice Quality Improvement

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2014. All rights reserved.

Trademarks and Permissions

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Huawei Industrial Base

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

1 About This Document

About This Document

1.2 Intended Audience

Need to understand the features described herein

Work with Huawei products

1.3 Change History

RAN15.0 Draft A (2013-01-30)

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

1 About This Document

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

3.1 AMR Speech Encoding and Decoding

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

3.2 AMR Speech Decoding Using the Viterbi Algorithm

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

3.3 AMR Speech Decoding Using the PLVA

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

Mutually Exclusive Features

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

6.1 When to Use AMR Voice Quality Improvement Based

6.2.2 Network Planning

6.2.3 Hardware Planning

The DBS3800 must be configured with the EBBCd board.

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

Operating environment and hardware requirements

Dependencies on other Features

License Control Item

AMR Voice Quality

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

6.3.3 Activation Observation

6.4 Performance Monitoring

Fixed-point test in the lab

To conduct a fixed-point test in the lab, perform the following steps:

Deactivate this feature and calculate the MOS.

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

To conduct a drive test in the lab, perform the following steps:

6.5 Parameter Optimization

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

There are no specific parameters associated with this feature.

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

Table 8-1 Counter description

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

For the acronyms, abbreviations, terms, and definitions, see Glossary.

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

3GPP TS 25.212, "Channel Coding and Multiplexing"

3GPP TS 26.090, "AMR Speech Codec; Speech transcoding," December 2009

License Management Feature Parameter Description

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

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