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After fusion, the protoplast population consists of a mixture of parental types, homokaryons and
heterokaryons, of which heterokaryons (potential source of future hybrids) often make only 0.5%10%.
1. Visual selection: This utilizes protoplasts for fusion studies that are visually distinct at the light
microscope level. This is laborious. Only limited fusion products can only be selected.
2. Biochemical basis of selection/Nutrional selection:This is based on nutritional
requirements of parents and hybrids
3.Complementation Selection is based upon the ability of the two genomes present in the
heterokayon/hybrid to complement E.g. N. tabaccum Petunia Datura.
4. Drug resistance/sensitivity: Parental types are sensitive to actinomycin. (Petunia
parodic, P. hybrida). Somatic hybrids (P. hybrida + P. parodri) are resistant to
actinomycin.
5. Labelling: Protoplasts of two parents may be labeled by different fluorescent agents, which
will then enable the selection of hybrids
(1) Octadeconyl amino fluorscein.
(2) Octadecyl palamine.
6.Fluorescent Assorted cell sorter (FACS):
Uses
Somatic hybrids for gene transfer
- Interspecific hybrids in genus-Daucus and its relatives.
Rice and Echinochola oryzicola (Barnyard grass) hybrids have been obtained E.g.
Nicotinana, Brassica, Petunia, Solanum, Lycopersicon and Datura interspecific hybrids.
-Intergeneic
Raphanus sativus + B. oleracea Rhaphnobrassica
Moricandia arvensis + B. oleracea - Moricandio brassica
N. tabacum + L. esculentum - Nictoipersicon
Solanum tuberosum + L. esculentum - Solanopersican
Datura innoxia + Atropa belladona - Daturotropa.
O.sative + Echinochloa oryzicola-Oryzochloa.
Intertribal (bet. family, Brassicaceae)
A. thaliana + B. campestris - Arabidobrassica
Barbarea vulgaris + B. napus - Barbareobrassica
Symmetric hybrids between potato and tomato have been shown to exhibit intermediate
cold tolerance.
Somatic hybrids for CMS (Melchers, 1992).
Substitute nucleus of one species into the cytoplasm of another species, whose
mictochondria are inactivated.which led to generation of CMS.
E.g. Mesophyll protoplasts of Solanum acaule (potato) and tomato.
In five tomato cultivars male sterility induced in this manner was inherited maternally over
several generations.