05 Full System EMI EMC Methodology

How to model EMI
using Ansoft High

Frequency Tools
2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.
2010 ANSYS Regional Conferences
EMI Definition
EMI the result of undesired signals interfering with
system performance.
Examples:
Cross-talk between digital and analog signals on a PCB
Noise on power and ground planes due to switching SSN
Mobile phone interference with television, radio, etc.
Car radio interference due to automobile electronics.
Various mechanisms can contribute to the problem

including radiation, magnetic induction, conduction etc.
EMI - Source Basics

Intentional Sources
Expected or easily predicted sources for radiation
Emissions from intentional signals include
loop-mode sources
Unintentional Sources (more than 90% of EMI*)

Unexpected or surprise sources
Emissions from unintentional signals include
common-mode noise sources,
crosstalk coupling to I/O traces (PCB, PKG, and IC levels),
power planes, and other board structures.
*Reference from PCB Design for Real-World EMI Control Bruce Archambeault
EMI Radiation Basics

Circulating or loop currents can act as antennas
Is
Is
Is
Radiation efficiency of above antenna is determined by loop size

Injecting a realistic current excitation into a PCB simulation can easily
predict radiation and emission spectrum
Proper de-coupling capacitor placement, power integrity design, and
enclosures can help mitigate EMI.
Full System EMI analysis therefore requires a simulation strategy that
includes realistic sources, realistic PCBs, 3D enclosure.
What is the Full System

EMI/EMC Methodology
State of the art EMI/EMC simulation method that
utilizes the best in class tools

incorporates physical board layouts
uses real world transient signals
takes into account full 3D enclosures
seamlessly combines frequency and time domain simulation
tools to predict EMI
What are the tools needed

Board analysis
SIwave
Full 3D enclosure
HFSS
Realistic clock/timing, and digital signals
DesignerSI
CAD links
AnsoftLinks
Productivity enhancers
Distributed solve option
What is SIwave
Pre or Post-layout analysis tool
Uses
Solves
2D FEM for Power/Ground plane

structures
2D Transmission line MoM solver for
traces
3D quasi-static solutions for transition
(vias, solderballs, etc.)
Entire multi-layer Printed Circuit Board

(PCB)
Entire leaded Integrated Circuit (IC)
Package
Applications
PCB signal integrity calculation
PCB power delivery characterization
De-coupling capacitor location
evaluation
Circuit model generation
DC current and voltage distribution on
PCB
What is HFSS
Premier 3D Electromagnetic design

tool
Uses
Full Wave Finite Element Method (FEM)
Solves
Any arbitrary 3D structure
Applications
Antennas
EMI/EMC
Satellite equipment
Integrated circuit packages
Connectors
Radar equipment
Routers
Wireless communication gear
And more
What is Designer SI
Integrates ANSYS HF tools into a

seamless system simulation
Uses
State Space or convolution
time domain spice solver
Harmonic Balance
frequency domain solver
2D / 3D Method of Moment solver
Solves
Time / frequency circuits and systems
Applications
Time and / or frequency domain circuit
analysis
Signal Integrity
Antenna Arrays
RF IC simulation
What is DSO
An add-on option for Optimetrics
which
Takes advantage of high-performance
computing resources
Distributes frequency sweeps and certain
Optimetrics simulations across multiple
processors and/or computers
Performs simulations in parallel rather than
sequentially
Highly scalable near-linear improvement in
compute time
10
What are the steps

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Import PCB layout into Ansoft Links or SIwave

Perform analysis of PCB in SIwave
Dynamically link SIwave results into Ansoft Designer
Attach drivers and receivers in Designer to linked SIwave model
Perform a time/frequency domain analysis of entire system in
Designer
6. Push voltage/excitation levels back to SIwave
7. Dynamically link the SIwave model into HFSS
8. Solve the full system in HFSS
11
A Simple Example
Full System EMI Analysis
8 Layer PCB
Single long clock trace
PCB is located inside PC case
Determine EMI spectrum of clock trace on PCB only
Determine EMI spectrum of clock trace on PCB when PCB is inside
enclosure
12
Step 1. Import PCB layout into

AnsoftLinks or SIwave
Use Ansoft Links to import the PCB layout
and associated components from 3rd party
layout programs
Ansoft Links
Clean-up, de-feature and/or choose
critical nets to be exported to 3D simulators
Design export from Cadence,

Mentor, Synopsis, Zuken tools
SIwave
Analysis of
complete PCB
13
Step 2. Perform analysis of

PCB in SIwave
2a) Assign ports to all relevant
PCB traces in SIwave
SIwave Port
2b) Select Simulation

type and frequency
range
14
Step 3. Dynamically link SIwave

model into Ansoft Designer SI
From Project menu select

add SIwave model
Browse to file location and

select appropriate SIwave model
The linked model will be added
to the Models folder
15
Create EMI circuit model in

Designer SI
In Project tab from the

Model Folder select and drag
SIwave model into schematic
In Components tab from the

IBIS buffer Folder select and
drag IBIS drivers and
receivers model into
schematic
In Components select other

needed components such as
voltage sources and probes
16
Setup Transient Simulation

and plot results
Rcvr Pattern
Ansoft LLC
Nexxim1
2.50
2.00
Y1 [V]
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
Curve Info
V(Rcvr)
Transient
1.08
1.10
1.12
1.14
1.16
1.18
Tim e [us]
0.00
3.50
Driver
Receiver
After simulation finishes

Users can plot time domain
waveforms and
frequency spectrum results
Frequency_Spectrum
Ansoft LLC
Nexxim1
20.00
m1
In Project tab
select Analysis
select Transient Analysis
Enter Stop time and
Step size
Then Solve
-0.00
m3
m2
m4
m6
m8
m10
m5
m13
m11
m9
-20.00
m12
dB(V(Rcvr))
m7
-40.00
-60.00
m14
-80.00
Curve Info
-100.00
0.00
dB(V(Rcvr))
17
50.00
100.00
150.00
200.00
250.00
Spectrum [MHz]
300.00
350.00
400.00
450.00
Name
500.00
X
Push Excitations back to

SIwave
After Solution finishes
select Linked Model
Then right mouse button click
Select Push Excitations
Then in the
Push Excitations Information screen
select
Solution, start and stop time,
Harmonic number and windowing
type
Magnitude and phase of

voltages at pins P1 and P2
will be pushed to SIwave
18
Plotting EMI in SIwave
Using the pushed Excitations

Using the Pushed Excitations
Far Fields can be plotted.
Maximum E fields at a distance can also
be plotted as shown above in order to
mimic a regulatory emission plot
The near fields can also be
plotted on the PCB
19
Dynamically link the SIwave

model into HFSS
4) Siwave
results are
dynamically
linked into
HFSS model
Set-up HFSS simulation of enclosure

Instead of ports use
Incident Near Field Excitation
HFSS will use the fields from SIwave
as an excitation inside the HFSS model
In the Incident wave setup you will specify

Location of the source fields by
Specifying a translation and
Rotation of source fields
Will also need to specify
the path to the linked model
20
Finishing the Full System EMI

Simulation
Once simulation is setup and
solved can plot Fields and Far
field plots
As well as all other HFSS results
Maximum E Field at 3m distance
XY Plot 1
Ansoft Corporation
HFSSModel1
20.00
10.00
0.00
-10.00
E Field on surface of Enclosure
3m Sphere (dBuVolts)
-20.00
-30.00
-40.00
-50.00
Curve Inf o
-60.00
3M Sphere Max E Field values

Setup1 : Sw eep1
-70.00
-80.00
-90.00
1.00
10.00
100.00
1000.00
Freq [MHz]
21
A More Complex EMI Example
SIWave is used to extract electromagnetic N-port model of

Driver-Receiver Communication channel
Data BUS,
Clock,
Data Strobe
Power net
This physical model include all possible coupling that exist between
nets
Signal-to-Signal
Signal-to-PWR/GND
PWRi-to-PWRj
Predict EMI from data channel
22
The SIwave Model
Driver-Receiver Communication channel
Full Board SIwave model

Data channel close-up
SIwave data channel simulation includes
16 Data lines
2 Strobe lines
2 clock lines
Power and Ground nets
All on multiple layers
23
The Designer Model
Drivers
Receivers
24
The Designer Results
Solve Designer Transient circuit
Push Excitations back to SIwave
Designer Transient Spectral Results
25
SIwave Results
Max E field at 1m (dBuV/m)

In both the horizontal and
vertical planes
26
Results Comparison
SIwave to Measurement
27
Final Thoughts
It has been shown that creating a full system EMI simulation is

possible by using the combination of Ansoft Designer, SIwave,
and HFSS.
The creation of a full system EMI simulation is a straightforward
process that can take into account full board layouts, realistic
signals, and enclosures.
As seen in this presentation, using this full system EMI
methodology, it is possible to produce simulation results that
compare very well with measurement.
28

05 Full System EMI EMC Methodology

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How to model EMI

using Ansoft High

2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

2010 ANSYS Regional Conferences

Various mechanisms can contribute to the problem

2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

2010 ANSYS Regional Conferences

EMI - Source Basics

Unintentional Sources (more than 90% of EMI*)

2010 ANSYS Regional Conferences

EMI Radiation Basics

Radiation efficiency of above antenna is determined by loop size

2010 ANSYS Regional Conferences

What is the Full System

utilizes the best in class tools

2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

2010 ANSYS Regional Conferences

What are the tools needed

2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

2010 ANSYS Regional Conferences

Pre or Post-layout analysis tool

2D FEM for Power/Ground plane

Entire multi-layer Printed Circuit Board

2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

2010 ANSYS Regional Conferences

Premier 3D Electromagnetic design

2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

2010 ANSYS Regional Conferences

Integrates ANSYS HF tools into a

2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

2010 ANSYS Regional Conferences

2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

2010 ANSYS Regional Conferences

What are the steps

Import PCB layout into Ansoft Links or SIwave

2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

2010 ANSYS Regional Conferences

2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

2010 ANSYS Regional Conferences

Step 1. Import PCB layout into

Design export from Cadence,

2010 ANSYS Regional Conferences

Step 2. Perform analysis of

2b) Select Simulation

2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

2010 ANSYS Regional Conferences

Step 3. Dynamically link SIwave

From Project menu select

Browse to file location and

2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

2010 ANSYS Regional Conferences

Create EMI circuit model in

In Project tab from the

In Components tab from the

In Components select other

2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

2010 ANSYS Regional Conferences

Setup Transient Simulation

After simulation finishes

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2010 ANSYS Regional Conferences

Push Excitations back to

Magnitude and phase of

2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.