COMBINATION OF TWO OR MORE SIMPLE SENTENCES INTO

ONE COMPLEX SENTENCE

1. A Noun Clause
462. Two or more Simple Sentences may be combined into one
Complex Sentence by
using a Noun Clause.
1). He is a hard-working boy. Everybody knows it.
Everybody knows that he is a hard-working boy.
2). He may be at home. I do not know.
I do not know whether he is at home.
3). He speaks fast. Otherwise he is a good teacher.

Except that he speaks fast, he is a good teacher.

4) He would win the first prize. That was his hope. His hope
was not fulfilled.
His hope, that he would win the first prize, was not
fulfilled.
5) She may fail again. This is her great fear.
Her great fear is that she may fail again.

6) Ashok is absent today. Do you know the reason ?

Do you know why Ashok is absent today ?

2. An Adjective Clause
463. Two or more Simple Sentences may be combined into one
Complex Sentence by
introducing an Adjective Clause by the use of who, whom,
whose or which, and the
relative Adverb where or why.
1). I met my old friend. He is now a Police Inspector.
I met my old friend who is now a Police Inspector.
2). The boy sits near me. His father is a philosopher.
The boy whose father is a philosopher sits near me.
3). This is a fine opportunity. It should not be lost.
This is a fine opportunity which should not be lost.
4). My mother will always be grateful to you. You helped
her.

My mother whom you helped will always be grateful

to you.
5). This is the garden. The finest roses grow here.
This is the garden where the finest roses grow.
6). You did not come to school yesterday. can you tell me
the reason ?
Can you tell me the reason why you did not come to
school yesterday.

3. An Adverb Clause.
464. Two or more Simple Sentences may be combined into one
Complex Sentence by
introducing an Adverb Clause by the use of the
Subordinating Conjunctions, if,
since, because, unless, when, where,while, though, as, until,
before, than, that, etc.
1). You will pass. Your working hard is a condition.
You will pass if you work hard.

2). He will succeed. He has worked hard.

He will succeed, since he has worked hard.
3). He was fined. He had copied in the examination.
He was fined because he had copied in the examination.
4). You must work harder. You will not pass.

Unless you work harder, you will not pass.

5). The sun set. We returned home.

When the sun set, we returned home.

6). He worked hard. His object was to win a prize.
He worked hard that he might win a prize.
7). You are there. You can stay there.
You can stay where you are.
8). The sun shines. Make hay now.
Make hay while the sun shines.
9). He is contented. He is poor.
He is contended though he is poor.
10). He is ill. He cannot attend office.

As he is ill, he cannot attend office.

11). I will return. Do not go till then.
Do not go until I return.
12). I had left home. She came later.
I had left home before she came.
13). He is very old. He enjoys good health.
He enjoys good health, though he is very old.
14). Harry tiptoed into the room. He did not want to
disturb the class.
Harry tiptoed into the room lest he should disturb
the class.
15). He did not go out again. He had come back home.

After he had come back home, he did not go out

again.
16). It is very simple. Even a child can understand it.
It is so simple that even a child can understand it.
17). They made a great deal of noise. I could not sleep.
They made so much noise that I could not sleep.

18). Lila is more intelligent. I am less intelligent.

Lila is more intelligent than I am.
19). The bell rang. They all came up at once.

As soon as the bell rang, they all came up.

20). Tom is clever. Harry is equally clever.
Harry is as clever as Tom.

(*) Miscellaneous Examples (*)

465. The following examples show how a group of sentences can
be combined into a single
Complex Sentence with the help of proper Connectives :-1) Ali works day and night. He wishes to win a scholarship.
We all know it.
We all know that Ali works day and night in order

that he may win a scholarship.

2). You will be sent up to the university examination. Your
doing well in the college
examination is a condition. These are the orders. The

Principal has issued these

orders.
The orders which the Principal has issued are that you
will be sent up to the
university examination provided that you do well in the
college examination.