Chapter 1: Packing your Suitcase

Lesson 1.1.1
1-1.
a.
Independent variable = distance from end of tube to the wall.
Dependent variable = width of field of view.
e. The equation depends on the length and diameter of the tubes used. The students should
have a slope between 0.12 and 0.14 with a y-intercept around 3.5 cm if they use a paper
towel core.
1-2.
Answers will depend on the students tube and models.
1-3.
Answers will depend on the students tube and models.

Review and Preview 1.1.1

1-5.
a.
parabola y = x 2

b.

cubic y = x 3

c.

d.

exponential y = 2 x

f.

square root y = x

hyperbola, inverse variation,

reciprocal function y =

e.

absolute value y = x

1
x

1-6.

Examples of non-functions are a circle, x 2 + y 2 = r 2 , and a sleeping parabola, x = y 2 .

Other answers are acceptable.

1-7.
slope = 17!8
=
a.
7! 4

9
4

b.

slope = 17!8
=
7! 4

9
4

point ! slope form "

point ! slope form " y ! 8 =

(x ! 4)

9
4

slope ! intercept form " y ! 8 =

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!y =
1-8.
a.

9
4

9
4

y ! 20 =
y ! 20 =

x !1

x + 27!or!y =

9
4

x + 47

2 6 = 2 ! 2 ! 2 ! 2 ! 2 ! 2 = 64

24 = 2 ! 2 ! 2 ! 2
They are half as large each time. Divided by 2, or multiplied by is also acceptable.
1
2 0 = 2 ! 12 = 1,!2 "1 = 1! 12 = 12 , 2 "2 = 12 ! 12 = 12 ,!2 "3 = 14 ! 12 = 18 ,!2 "4 = 18 ! 12 = 16

2 "n =

1
2 n"1

1
21

1
2 n"1+1

1
2n

1-9.
1 "4 =
2 !4 " 2 2 = 2 !2 !!!Check :! 16
a.
c.

9
4

2 5 = 2 ! 2 ! 2 ! 2 ! 2 = 32

b.

23 = 2 ! 2 ! 2
c.
d.

(x ! (!12))

slope ! intercept form "

x!9

22 = 2 ! 2

9
4

1
4

b.

2 !1 " 2 !2 = 2 !3 Check :! 12 " 14 =

3xy 3 (xy 2 ! 3)

c.

17x 3 y(1 ! 2xy)

b.

(3x ! 2)2
= (3x ! 2)(3x ! 2)

2 0 ! 2 "3 = 2 "3 !!!!!Check :!1! 18 =

1-10.
a.
x(2x + 5)

b.

1-11.
a.
(2x)3 = 2 3 ! x 3 = 8x 3

1
8

= 9x 2 ! 6x ! 6x + 4
= 9x 2 ! 12x + 4

c.

(3x)4 = 34 ! x 4 = 81x 4

d.

(3x)!3 =

c.

a
c

1-12.
a.

a
b

b.

c
b

1
(3x)3

1
3
3 x3

1
27 x 3

1
8

Lesson 1.1.2
1-14.
a.

1-15.

b.

y = 1.5 x looks like the others, but would

graph to the right of y = 2 x .

c.

0 < b < 1 Example:

This is the graph of y = x shifted up five units.

1-16.

y = x2 ! 4
1-17.
This is the graph of y = x 3 shifted left three units.

1-18.
y= x!2

1-19.
Parent graph: y =

1
x

Shifted right four units: y =

Shifted down three units: y

1
x! 4
= x!1 4

!3

1-20.
a.

b.

y = x2
16

y = 2x 2
32

18

18

16

32

A vertical stretch occurs with each of the

y-values doubling.

A vertical stretch with stretch factor 2.

1-21.
a.
y = x3
b.
See graph at right.
c.
Stretched vertically by 12 , some may
prefer to call this a compression.
1-22.

y = !2x 2

Review and Preview 1.1.2

1-23.
x+2
a.

b.

2x ! 1

c.

x2 + 4

1-24.
a.
f (4) = 2 ! 4 2 " 3 = 32 " 3 = 29
b.

f (!5) = 2 " (!5)2 ! 3 = 50 ! 3 = 47

c.

f (3b) = 2 ! (3b)2 " 3 = 2 ! 9b 2 " 3 = 18b 2 " 3

d.

f (a + 1) = 2 ! (a + 1)2 " 3 = 2a 2 + 4a + 2 " 3 = 2a 2 + 4a " 1

d.

5x

1-25.

(3x + 2)2 = (3x + 2)(3x + 2) = 9x 2 + 6x + 6x + 4 The middle terms must be included.

= 9x 2 + 12x + 4 ! 9x 2 + 4
1-26.
ab ! a c = a(b+c)
a.

b.

a !b " a c = a(!b+c) = a(c!b)

c.

Cannot be simplified.

d.

a ! ab = a1 ! ab = a(1+b)

e.

a 0 ! ab = a(0+b) = ab

f.

a(b+c) ! a 2c = a(b+c+2c) = a(b+ 3c)

1-27.
a.
3x 2 y ! (27x " 4)
b.

(2x + 1) [ 3 + x + 5 ] = (2x + 1)(x + 8)

c.

(3x ! 7) [ 2(3x ! 7) + (x ! 2) ] = (3x ! 7) [ 6x ! 14 + x ! 2 ] = (3x ! 7)(7x ! 16)

d.

(x + y)(m + x + y)

1-28.
a.
(5a !2 )2 = 5 2 " a !2"2 = 25a !4
c.

1-30.
a.

(m !1n !2 )3 = m !1"3n !2"3 = m !3n !6

b.

2 !5"4 = 2 !20

d.

( 23 )

(2x !1 )2 (2x 0 ) = 2 2 " x !1"2 " 2 = 8x !2

1-29.
2 2!x = 2 2 x
a.
c.

b.

( 23 )

!1

( 23 )

3
2

x
cos 26! = 18

22 2 = x 2 + 10 2
484 = x 2 + 100
384 = x 2

( 23 )

32
22

b.

cos 70! = 8x
x ! 0.342 = 8
x = 23.39

d.

x
sin 41! = 12

x
0.899 = 18
x = 16.18

c.

!2

9
4

x
0.656 = 12
x = 7.87

x = 384 = 19.60

Lesson 1.1.3
1-31.
a.
It multiplies the input by two and then adds 1.
b.
We hope that they will think that 3 would come out the top and if that is true, then the
machine must undo itselfworking backwards in a sense.
c.
Subtract one and then divide by two.

1-32.
a.
Subtract 6, then multiply by 2.
1-33.
a.
b.
c.
d.

b.

f !1 (x) = 2(x ! 6)

f (x) + g(x) = 3x ! 5 + x 2 + 2 = x 2 + 3x ! 3
f (x)g(x) = (3x ! 5)(x 2 + 2) = 3x 3 ! 5x 2 + 6x ! 10
f (g(x)) = 3(x 2 + 2) ! 5 = 3x 2 + 6 ! 5 = 3x 2 + 1
g( f (x)) = (3x ! 5)2 + 2 = 9x 2 ! 30x + 25 + 2 = 9x 2 ! 30x + 27

1-34.
a.
f (x) = x 3 ! 4x

b.

f (x) = x(x 2 ! 4) = x(x + 2)(x ! 2)

0 = x(x + 2)(x ! 2)
Either x = 0, x + 2 = 0, x ! 2 = 0
x = !2, 0, 2

c.

Shifted left two units

d.

e.

g(x) = (x + 2)3 ! 4(x + 2)

1-35.
2 hours ! 3 miles
= 6 miles
a.
hour
b.

d.

miles
hr

c.

! hr = miles

Review and Preview 1.1.3

1-36.
a.

3x 3 + 7 ! (x 2 ! 1) = 3x 3 + 7 ! x 2 + 1
=

c.

3x 3

x2

+8

(3x 3 + 7)(x 2 ! 1) = 3x 5 ! 3x 3 + 7x 2 ! 7

b.

3x 2 + 7
x 2 !1

, x " 1

1-37.
a.
y = 3x 3 ! 5

b.

y = (2x + 4)1/2

c.

y=

1
2
1
2

x2 ! 2

x = 3y 3 ! 5

x = (2y + 4)1/2

x=

x + 5 = 3y 3

x 2 = 2y + 4

x+2=

x2 ! 4
2
2
x !4
2

2x + 4 = y 2

x+5
3

= y3

3 x+5
3

= y"

3 x+5
3

= f !1 (x)

= y"

y2 ! 2
1
2

y2

2x + 4 = y "

= g !1 (x)

2x + 4 = h !1 (x)

1-38.
g(h(4)) = g
a.

c.

( 12 !16 " 2 ) = g(6) = 2 ! 6 + 4 = 16 = 4

2
h(g(-1)) = h ( 2 ! (-1) + 4 ) = h ( 2 ) = 12 ! ( 2 ) " 2 = 1 " 2 = "1
g(h(!2)) = g ( 12 " 4 ! 2 ) = g(0) = 2 " 0 + 4 = 2

d.

Part (c) does not have the same output as input.

e.

A function has one output (y) for every input (x), but y = 2x + 4 has two outputs for
every input.

b.

1-39.
7
a.
sin x = 12

b.

5
cos y = 15

cos!1 (cos(y)) = cos!1 ( 0.333 )

sin !1 (sin(x)) = sin !1 ( 0.583 )

y = 70.5!

x = 35.7!
1-40.
cubic function y = x 3
a.

b.

exponential function

y = 2x

flipped over y-axis y = !x 3

shifted down 3 units y = 2 x ! 3

shifted down 3 units y = !x 3 ! 3

shifted right 2 units y = 2 x!2 ! 3

shifted right 2 units y = ! ( x ! 2 ) ! 3

3

1-41.
a.
g(x ! 2) = x ! 2 + 1 = x ! 1
b.

f (g(8)) = f ( 8 + 1) = f (3) = 32 + 2(3) = 15

c.
d.
e.

g( f (8)) = g(8 2 + 2(8)) = g(80) = 80 + 1 = 9

f.

g( f (x)) = x 2 + 2x + 1 = (x + 1)2 = x + 1

f ( f (1)) = f (12 + 2(1)) = f (3) = 32 + 2(3) = 15

f (x + 1) = (x + 1)2 + 2(x + 1) = x 2 + 2x + 1 + 2x + 2 = x 2 + 4x + 3

1-42.

h( j(x)) = 3(ax + b) ! 2 = 3ax + 3b ! 2

j(h(x)) = a(3x ! 2) + b = 3ax ! 2a + b
3b ! 2 = !2a + b
2a + 2b = 2
a+b =1

Lesson 1.1.4
1-44.
a.
Shifts right three units and up two units.
b.
f (x + 4) ! 2
c.
The point is on the x-axis. It does not change since 0 = 0.
d.
It still does not move.
1-45.

Shifted left two units: g(x) = f (x + 2)

Shifted down one unit: g(x) = f (x + 2) ! 1

1-46.
a.
It is stretched then shifted down 3.
b.
It is shifted down 3 and then stretched.
c.
k(x) = 2 f (x) ! 3 , m(x) = 2( f (x) ! 3) = 2 f (x) ! 6. These two functions are not equivalent.
1-48.
a.
They are the same.
2!x!4
b.
c.
Yes, replace x with x 2 in the inequalities and solve.
0 ! x+3!2
d.
!3 !3 !3
! 3 " x " !1

0!x"2!2
+2 + 2 + 2
2!x!4

Review and Preview 1.1.4

1-49.
a.
f (x + 2) + 1 Shifted left two units and up
one unit.

c.

b.

2 f (x) + 2 Vertical stretch by a

factor of two, up two.

! f (x + 4) Flipped over x-axis, and shifted left four units.

1-50.

!A = 180! " 90! " 38! = 52!

cos 38! = 15
c
0.788 = 15
c
c=
sin

15 = 19.04
0.788
b
38! = 19.04

cm

b = 0.6157 #19.04 = 11.72 cm

1-51.
a.
50(1.5) + 75(0.5) = 75 + 37.5 = 112.5 miles
b.
two rectangles
c.
50(1.5) + 75(0.5) = 75 + 37.5 = 112.5 miles
miles ! hours = miles
d.
hour
1-52.
a.
f (g(!2)) = f ((!2)2 ! 1) = f (3) = 2(3) + 5 = 11
b.
c.

y = 2x + 5
x = 2y + 5
x ! 5 = 2y
x!5
=y
2
1
x!5
2

d.

( (

g ( f ( h(2) ) ) = g f

)=

2+2

) ) = g ( f (2) ) = g ( 2(2) + 5 ) = g(9) = 92 ! 1 = 81 ! 1 = 80

f !1 (x)

f ( g ( h(x) ) ) = f "
#

x+2

)2 ! 1$% = f (x + 1) = 2(x + 1) + 5 = 2x + 2 + 5 = 2x + 7

1-53.

The graph does not give a full line. The line starts at ( !2 , 3) and then follows the line
y = 2x + 7 . Since h(x) is defined for only values of x ! "2 , the composite function is only
defined for x ! "2 .

1-54.
a.
Opposite = !5 4
Reciprocal = 5 !4 =
c.

e.

Opposite = !3!5
Reciprocal = 35

d.

Opposite = !

1
54

Opposite = 11!6
Reciprocal = !116

Reciprocal =

( 119 )
!2
9 2
Reciprocal = ( 11
= ( 11
)
9 )

Opposite = !

b.

2
7
7
2

( 137 ) = ( ! 137 )
7 5
Reciprocal = ( 13
)
!5

!5

f.

Opposite = !

c.

(x, 2)

d.

m=

g.

y ! y1, x ! x1

h.

y! y1
x! x1

1-55.
xm
= x m ! x "n = x m+("n) = x m"n
xn

Lesson 1.2.1
1-57.
a.
e.

(7, 2)
1
2
1
2

y!2
x!1

b.

m=

f.

(x, y1 )

5!2
7!1

3
6

1
2

(x ! 1) = y ! 2

y!2=

1
2

(x ! 1)

1-58.
Yes, the point (0, 0) is on the line because f (0) = 23 ! 0 " 0 = 0 .
y=

2
3

(x ! 2) + 5

y ! 5 = 23 (x ! 2)
This is the same as point-slope form.

1-59.

original function ! y = mx
right shift h units ! y = m(x " h)
shifted up k units ! y = m(x " h) + k

y!2
x!1

1-60.
The point-slope form requires a point on the line and the slope of the line. bThe slopeintercept form requires the slope and the y-intercept.
1-61.
y = 53 (x ! 10) ! 3
a.
b.
y ! 7.3 = 2.85(x ! 6.1)
c.

21!8
m = 15!
= 13
Point-slope form: y ! 8 = 13
(x ! 4) or y ! 21 = 13
(x ! 15)
4
11
11
11

d.

m = 9.78!6.24
= 4.425
5.1-4.3
Point-slope form: y ! 6.24 = 4.425(x ! 5.1) or y ! 6.24 = 4.425(x ! 4.3)

1-62.
The negative reciprocal. slope = ! 2
5

1-63.
The negative reciprocal. The product of a slope and the perpendicular slope should be 1.
1-64.
When the slope is zero.
1-65.
m=3
a.

b.

y ! 7 = 3(x + 2)

m1 =

3
4

! m1 = m! = "

4
3

y " 20 = " 43 (x " 12)

1-66.
a.

AB = (15 ! 3)2 + (12 ! 3)2 = 144 + 81 = 225 = 15

b.

midpoint of AB =

, 3+12
= 18 , 15
= 9, 7.5 )
( 3+15
2
2 ) ( 2
2 ) (

Review and Preview 1.2.1

1-67.
a.
Parent Graph: y =

1
x

Shifted left 2 units: y =

b.
1
x+2

Shifted down 3 units: y =

1
x+2

!3

Parent Graph: y = x 2
Shifted right 2 units: y = (x ! 2)2
Shifted up 1 unit: y = !(x ! 2)2 + 1

1-68.
a.
50mph ! 3hours = 150 miles
b.
It is a rectangle.
height = 50 mph, base = 3 hours,
c.
50 miles ! (3hrs) = 150 miles
hr

1-69.
a.

1
27 5

b.

( 18 )

c.

16 x !

1
3
(3 )5

( )
1
23

1
15
3

( )x = 2!3x

= 2 !3

( 2" x )

( )
1
32

= 3!15

( )

( )

x+2
x!1

= 24

1
25

( 2" x )

( )( 2" x ) = 2 4 x ! 2"10+5 x = 2 4 x"10+5 x = 29 x"10

= 2 4 x ! 2 "5

1-70.

f (x + 1) =

x+1+1
x+1!2

1
2

" 2(x + 2) = 1(x ! 1)

2x + 4 = x ! 1
x + 4 = !1
x = !5
1-71.
a.

(2 3 )(x+ 3) = 2 5

b.

2 3x+9 = 2 5
! 3x + 9 = 5
3x = "4
x="

4
3

1-72.
3x ! 6 ! 2x ! 14 = 2x + 17
a.
x ! 20 = 2x + 17

(33 )2 x =

( )
1
32

(x!1)

c.

x 2 ! 7x + 12 = 0
(x ! 4)(x ! 3) = 0
Either x ! 4 = 0 or x ! 3 = 0
x = 3, 4

(2 x! 3)

1
52

36 x = (3!2 )(x!1)

(5 !3 )(2 x! 3) = 5 !2

36 x = 3!2 x+2
" 6x = !2x + 2
8x = 2

" 5 !6 x+9 = 5 !2
!6x + 9 = !2
!6x = !11

x=

x = 11
6

1
4

b.

!x ! 20 = 17
!x = 37 " x = !37
c.

( )
1
53

(x + 5)(x ! 2) = 0
Either x + 5 = 0 or x ! 2 = 0
x = !5, 2

d.

x 3 + x 2 ! 6x = 0
x(x 2 + x ! 6) = 0
x(x + 3)(x ! 2) = 0
x = 0, x + 3 = 0!or x ! 2 = 0
x = !3, 0, 2

1-73.
a.
g( f (x)) = x 2 + x + 1

b.

f (g(x)) = (x + 1)2 + x

c.

x 2 + 3x + 1 = 1

= x 2 + 2x + 1 + x

x 2 + 3x = 0

= x 2 + 3x + 2

x(x + 3) = 0
x = 0 or x = !3

1-74.
8 =
sin !P = 16

1
2

sin "1 ( sin !P ) = sin "1

( 12 )

!P = 30!
!R = 180! " 90! " 30! = 60!
sin 60! = 16r
3
2

#16 = r

r = 8 3 $ 13.86 cm

Lesson 1.2.2
1-75.
a.
The coefficients a, b and c.
b.
c.

!b + D
!b ! D
= R and
=S
2a
2a
R and S; the Quadratic Formula has two solutions because of the in the formula.

1-78.
Sierpinskis Triangle

a.
b.
c.

By choosing a random integer: 0, 1, or 2.

T = 0 chooses A, T = 2 chooses B.
:(X+T)/2, :(Y+T)/2Y, and Y/2Y.

Review and Preview 1.2.2

1-79.
The program will crash since the program tries to take the square root of a negative
number.
1-80.
Flip over y axis: ! f (x)
a.
Shifted right 3 units: ! f (x + 3)

b.

Shifted up 2 units: ! f (x + 3) + 2
g(x) = ! f (x) + 3

Shifted up 1 unit: f (x) + 1

Shifted left 1 unit: f (x + 1) + 1
Doubled: 2(f (x + 1) + 1) = 2 f (x + 1) + 2
h(x) = 2 f (x + 1) + 2

1-81.
Slope of line m =

9!(!3)
8!2

Midpoint of line =

8+2
2

= 12
=2
6
,

9+(!3)
2

)=(

Slope of perpendicular line = !

Equation of line y ! 3 = !

1
2

10
2

6
2

) = ( 5, 3)

1
2

( x ! 5)

1-82.
p = 6, q = 2
a.
p = x + 3y, q = 2 ! r
c.

b.
d.

not in p q form
not in p q form

1-83.
a.
6 2 ! (6 2 )"3 !1 = 6 2 ! 6 "6 = 6 "4
b.
c.
d.

(5 2 )2 ! 5 "3 5 4 ! 5 "3
51
=
=
= 51"("6) = 5 7
(5 3 )"2
5 "6
5 "6
3 !19 97 3
3
= !19 97"94 = !19 3
94
8 !19
8
8
-97
94
3 !19
3 !19
3
3
=
= !19 94"97 = !19 "3
"94
97
8 !19
8 !19
8
8

1-84.
Example: x = 2, y = 3
a.

! (2 + 3)2 " 4 + 9
25 " 13

b.

Example: p = 2, q = 3
!

2 2 + 32 " 2 + 3

13 " 5
Solution continues on next page.

1-84. Solution continued from previous page.

c.

e.

Example: w = 4
!

3 " 4 #2

3
16

d.

( 12 + 13 ) # 5
"1
( 56 ) # 5
"1

1
48

Example: x = 5
! 3 " 25 # 65

6
5

3 " 32 # 7776
96 # 7776
1-85.
a.
Impossible, different bases.
c.

2 2+ 3 = 2 5

e.

2 2= 3 = 2 !1

f.

Impossible, bases are being subtracted.

Example: a = 2, b = 3
! (2 "1 + 3"1 )"1 # 2 + 3

1
3"4 2

#5

b.

Impossible, bases are being added.

d.

d. 2 2!3 = 2 6

b.

6x(x + 8)

1-86.

y=
x=

5
2
5
2

x!3
y!3

x+3=
2(x+ 3)
5
2(x+ 3)
5

5
2

=y
= f !1 (x)

1-87.
x(x + 8)
a.
1-88.
Circumference of circle = 2! "1 = 2!
1-89.

Area = base ! height

30 = 12 !12 ! h
30 = 6 ! h
5 inches = h
5
sin 36! = KL
KL =

5
0.5878

= 8.51 inches

!=
Length of AB

1
4

! 2" =

"
2

Lesson 1.3.1
1-90.
K = 12 ah
a.
c.

K=

1
2

sin C =

h
b

! h = b sin C

b.

sin B =

h
a

! h = a sin B

d.

h = b sin C, h = c sin B
b sin C = c sin B

b.

ah ! K =

1
2

ab sin C

1-91.

Area = 12 (6)(4) sin 76! = 12 ! 0.970 = 11.644 cm 2

1-92.

K=

1
2

bh

sin A =
K=

1
2

h
c

! h = c sin A

bc sin A

1-93.
SA of one side =

1
2

(10)(10) sin 40!

= 50 ! 0.643 = 32.139 ft 2
Total surface area of sides = 4(32.139) = 128.558 ft 2

1-94.
sin A =
a.
c.

e.

h
b

! h = b sin A

h = b sin A, h = a sin B
b sin A = a sin B
sin A
a

sin B
b

sin A
a

sin B
b

sin B
b

sin C
c

sin C
c

1-95.
sin P
p

sin Q
q

sin R
r

1-96.
a.

!NAT = 180! " 100! " 38! = 42!

sin 42!
200

sin 38!
x

0.0033x = 0.6157
x = 184.018 ft

b.

sin 42!
200

sin 100!
y

0.0033x = 0.985
x = 294.354 ft

1-97.
Cannot in (a) and (b) because you will get two unknowns in any form of the equation.
Cannot in (d) for the same reason, and also because the triangle is not determined. Note
that (c) is the only diagram in which youre given exactly one side.

Review and Preview 1.3.1

1-98.
a.

b.

!G = 180! " 64 ! " 38! = 78!

8
sin 78!

OG
sin 64!

8 # 0.8988 = OG # 0.9781
7.1904
0.9781

= OG

7.351 in = OG
8
sin 78!

DG
sin 38!

8 ! 0.6157 = DG ! 0.9781
4.9256
0.9781

= DG

5.035 in = DG
c.

Area of !DOG =

8"5.036"sin 64!
2

==

40.288"0.8988
2

1-99.

f (x + 2) = (x + 2)2 + 2(x + 2)
= x 2 + 4x + 4 + 2x + 4
0 = x 2 + 6x + 8
0 = (x + 2)(x + 4)
Either x + 2 = 0 or x + 4 = 0
!
1-100.
x 6 = 90
x = 6 90

1-101.
yn = x

y=nx

x = "2

or x = "4

= 18.102 sq. in.

1-102.
a.
c.

( 641/3 )2 = 4 2 = 16
3
813/4 = ( 811/4 ) = 33 = 27

1-103.
a.
y = 3 2x ! 1

b.

x = 3 2y ! 1
x3

d.

y=
x=

= 2y ! 1

x 3 +1 = y
2
1 (x 3 + 1) =
2

b.

1
2
1
2

(1251/3 )4 = 5 4 = 625
%2
! 27 1/3 # = 3 %2 = 2 2 = 4
(" 8 ) $ ( 2 ) ( 3 ) 9

(x ! 3) + 1

c.

(y ! 3) + 1

2(x ! 1) = y ! 3
2(x ! 1) + 3 = y
f !1 (x)

y = 2x 3/2
x = 2y 3/2
x
= y 3/2
2

( 2x ) = y
2/3
( 2x ) = h!1(x)
2/3

2(x ! 1) + 3 = g !1 (x)

1-104.
a.
Distance for one revolution = Circumference of circle = 2 ! " ! r = 2 ! " !1 = 2" feet
b.
10 = 2 ! " ! r
10
2"

=r #r=

5
"

1-105.
a.
n2 + n2 = d 2

= 1.592 feet

! 90! = 45!

b.

1
2

d.

y = 60! (equilateral triangle)

2n 2 = d 2
2n 2 = d
n 2=d

c.

(2n)2 = n 2 + k 2
4n 2 = n 2 + k 2
3n 2 = k 2
3n 2 = k
n 3=k

Lesson 1.3.2
1-106.
e=b!d
a.
c.
h2 + d 2 = a2 ! h2 = a2 " d 2
cos C = da ! d = a cos C
e.
d = a cos C
f.

c2

a2

cos C =

+ b2
d
a

b.
d.

h 2 + e2 = c 2 ! h 2 = c 2 " e2
h 2 = c 2 ! e2 " h 2 = a 2 ! d 2
c 2 ! e2 = a 2 ! d 2 " c 2 = a 2 ! d 2 + e2
c 2 = a 2 ! d 2 ! d 2 + e2

! 2bd

c 2 = a 2 ! d 2 + b 2 ! 2bd + d 2

, d = a cos C

c 2 = a 2 + b 2 ! 2bd

1-107.
a.
c 2 = 110 2 + 126 2 ! 2(110)(126) cos 74 !
c 2 = 12100 + 15876 ! 7640.668
c 2 = 20335.332
c = 20335.332 = 142.6 ft
Yes, 150 feet of fencing is enough.

b.

sin 74!
142.6

0.0067 =

c.

sin 74!
142.6

sin B
126
sin B
126

0.0067 =

sin C
110
sin C
110

0.849 = sin B

0.7415 = sin C

sin !1 0.849 = sin !1 (sin B)

sin !1 0.7415 = sin !1 (sin C)

58.1! = "B
Area = 12 (110)(126) sin 74 ! = 6930 ! 0.9613 = 6661.54

47.9! = "C

2300 (area of home)

= 0.3453
6661 (area of lot)
Yes, the area of the home would be more than

1
3

of the lot size.

1-108.
It is not possible in (c) or (d) because you will get two unknowns in any form of the
equation. You can solve (c) with the Law of Sines. The triangle for (d) is not determined.
1-109.
cos C = cos90! = 0
!c 2 != a 2 !+ b 2 ! 2ab ( 0 )
c 2 != a 2 !+ b 2

1-110.
c 2 = 10 2 + 14 2 ! 2(10)(14) cos 60
c 2 = 296 ! 280 " 12
c 2 = 156
c = 156 = 12.490

1-111.
BE 2 = 3.5 2 + 2.8 2 ! 2(2.8)(3.5) cos 43!
BE 2 = 20.09 ! 14.3345
BE 2 = 5.7555
BE = 2.399 km

1-112.
c 2 = 10 2 + 20 2 ! 2(10)(20) cos 30!
c 2 = 500 ! 346.4102
c 2 = 153.5898
c = 12.393 cm

1-113.
x 2 = 28 2 + 42 2 ! 2(28)(42) cos X !

If X = 0!

If X = 180!

x 2 = 784 + 1764 ! 2352 cos X !

x 2 + 2352 = 2548

x 2 ! 2352 = 2548

x 2 = 2548 ! 2352 cos X !

x 2 = 196

x 2 = 4900

x 2 + 2352 cos X ! = 2548

x = 196 = 14
x = 4900 = 70
14 < x < 70 inches

Review and Preview 1.3.2

1-114.
6 2 = 5 2 + 8 2 ! 2 " 5 " 8 cos A
a.

6
sin 48.51!

36 = 89 ! 80 cos A
53
80

= cos A

sin B =
"B =

48.51! = #A

A=

1
2

8 ! 6 ! (sin 38.62) =

5
sin B

6 sin B = 5 ! 0.7491

0.6625 = cos A

b.

3.7454
6
38.62!

= 0.6242

"C = 180! # 38.62! # 48.51! = 92.87!

8!6!0.6242
2

29.959
2

= 14.98 square meters

1-115.
x 2 + 1 + 2x ! 8 = x 2 + 2x ! 7
a.

( 12 x + 1) = x 2 + 2x ! 4x ! 8 = x 2 ! 2x ! 8

b.

(2x - 8)

c.

2( 12 x + 1) ! 8 = x + 2 ! 8 = x ! 6

d.

(x 2 + 1)2 + 1 = x 4 + 2x 2 + 1 + 1 = x 4 + 2x 2 + 2

1-116.
a.

1
2

! 360! = 180!

1
2

b.

! 2" = " meters

c.

! = 1 ! 2" =
AB
6

b.

(1001/2 )3 = 10 3 = 1000

b.

6x + 1 = 6y!!!!!y ! 0

"
3

meters

1-117.
a.
b.
c.
d.

( )"3 ! 5 3 = 52+( "6 )+ 3 = 5"1

( 32 )2 ! 3"3 = 34 ! 3"3 = 3 = 31"( "6 ) = 37
3"6
3"6
( 33 )"2

52 ! 52

5 !14 98 5
98"95 = 5 !14 3
=
!14
8 !14 95 8
8
5 !14 -98 5
5
"98" ( "95 )
=
!14
=
!14 "3
"95
8 !14
8
8

1-118.
a.
c.

( 81/3 )2 = 22 = 4
(1251/3 )2 = 52 = 25

1-119.
3x ! 7y = 42

!7y = !3x + 42
y=

3
7

x!6

perpendicular slope = !

7
3

equation of line " y + 8 = !

1-120.
a.
2x + 3y + 6 = 6x ! 30
3y = 4x ! 36
y=

4
3

7
3

( x + 3)

y=

x ! 12

1-121.
(2x ! 3y)(2x + 3y)
a.

6
6

x+

y= x+

b.

1
6

1
6

!!x ! "

1
6

2x 3 (4 ! x 4 ) = 2x 3 (2 + x 2 )(2 ! x 2 )

1-122.
3! x " 0

!x " !3
x#3

Lesson 1.4.1
1-123.
d.
2 radius lengths = circumference
1-124.

! = 1 unit .
Length of AB
1-125.
C = 2! "1 = 2!
1-126.
a.
360
b.
2 radians
c.
2! = 6.2832 , nearest whole number = 6
1-127.

1-128.
a.
Degrees in half a circle: 180!
Approximate radians in half a circle: 3
Exact radians in half a circle: !
c.

!
3

= 180
= 60!
3

b.

radians = 180

d.

200! !

b.

!
180!

"
180!

1-129.
a.

180!
!

c.

Very different. A radian is much larger, almost 60 times as large.

= 57.296!

= 0.017

200! "
180!

= 109"

1-130.
a.
180! !
c.

2! ! "

"
180!

!
180!

="

2! !!
180!

b.

!36! "

b.

#
180!

!36#
180

= ! #5

!2
90

1-131.
a.
c.

3! 180!
" ! =
2
!
2 ! 180
=
"

540
2

= 270!

( 360" )!

Review and Preview 1.4.1

1-132.
Radians per minute = 500 ! 2" = 1000"
"
Radians per second = 1000
= 1006 " = 503"
60
1-133.

1-134.
R

16!6 : 1
x
16!6
96 = 1
x
96

2
32!6

x = 9216 teaspoons
x=
x=

9216
6
1536
128

= 1536 ounces
= 12 gallons

1-135.
x2 + b = 7

x2 = 7 ! b
x = 7 ! b,

b"7

1-136.
a.
9: x 2 + 6x + 9 = (x + 3)(x + 3) = (x + 3)2
b.
8: x 2 ! 8x + 16 = (x ! 4)(x ! 4) = (x ! 4)2

7" 180!
# "
6

= ! 1260
= !210!
6

1-137.
a.

d=

( !4 ! (!2) )2 + ( 2 ! (!6) )2

d = (!2)2 + 8 2 = 4 + 64 = 68
b.

m=

2!(!6)
!4!(!2)

8
!2

point slope form !

point slope form !

= !4

y + 2 = "4(x + 4)
y + 6 = "4(x + 2)

slope intercept form ! y + 2 = "4x " 12

y = "4x " 14
1-138.
a.
tan A =

4
7

b.

tan !1 (tan A) = tan !1

( 47 )

tan B =

7
4

tan !1 (tan B) = tan !1

"A = 29.74 !

( 47 )

"B = 60.26!

1-139.
(a ! 3)(a ! 3 ! 1) = (a ! 3)(a ! 4)
a.
b.
5x(x ! 3) + 4(x ! 3) = (x ! 3)(5x + 4)
1-140.
Slopes:
!2
2
2
a.
b.
c.
Parallel Lines (same slope) ! a and e, b and c

d.

e.

!2

Lesson 1.4.2
1-141.
a.
Radian measure for a:
Half circle:

1
2

1
4

! 2" =

"
2

! 2" =

Three fourths of a circle:

3
4

!
6

2!
3

, 26! =

!
3

!
4

, 34! , 54! , 74!

d.

7!
6

! 2" = "

Quarter circle:

c.

b.

, 36! =

!
2

, 46! =

, 56!

3"
2

, 86! =

4!
3

, 96! =

3!
2

, 106! =

5!
3

, 116!

1-142.
a.
In the center of each quadrant.
c.
Closest to the x-axis.
1-143.
!
a.
c.

2"
+ 63" = 43"
3
11"
+ 126" = "6
6

1-144.
10!
=
a.
3
c.

9! + !
= 2! + 43! = 43!
3
25"
= ! 24 "6+ " = !4" ! "6
6

= ! "6 or

b.

y-axis

b.

b.

17!
4

11"
6

5"
4

8"
4

3"
4

= 16!4+ ! = 4! + !4 =

!
4

1-145.
a.
The speed does not change. The ratio of the distance and time is constant, or for a set time
interval, an object will travel a set distance.
b.
Faster on the inside. The CD must go around more times on an inside track to cover the
same distance as a point on the outside of the CD.
c.
200(2! " 5.25) # 6597 cm
d.
Distance around innermost track = 2! " 2
6597 = 524.97
2! "2

525 rotations
1-146.
5280 feet = 5280 !12 inches = 63360 inches
a.
63360 in
902 rev

b.

73676.63 = 6140 feet

12
6140 = 1.163 miles
5280

= 70.2439 inches in one revolution

C = 70.2439 = " d
d = 22.36 inch diameter
c.

902 ! " ! 26 = 73676.63 inches

Linda could get a speeding ticket.

40 = x
22.36
26
x=

40!26
22.36

= 46.5 mph

Review and Preview 1.4.2

1-147.
a.
c.

120! ! " = 120" = 2"

1
180
3
180!
!
80 ! " = 80" = 4 "
1 180!
180
9

b.

!225! " #
1
180!

!225#
180

=!

5#
4

1-148.
a.
tan x =

20
12

5
3

10
sin 35!

b.

tan-1 (tan x) = tan !1

( 53 )

x
sin 80!

10 ! 0.9848 = x ! 0.5736
9.848
0.5736

x = 59.0!

c.

x 2 = 6.5 2 + 7.12 ! 2 " 6.5 " 7.1 cos 119!

d.

= 17.17 = x

60 = 12 !15 ! x ! sin 28!

x 2 = 42.25 + 50.41 ! 92.3(!0.4848)

60 = 0.4695x
7.5
8
= 17.04cm
0.4695

x 2 = 92.66 + 44.75 = 137.41

x = 137.41 = 11.72
1-149.
y= 3x+2
a.

b.

= y+2

x
-6

-4

-2

f !1 ( f (6)) = f !1

-2
-4

x 3 ! 2 = f !1 (x)

f(x)

x3 ! 2 = y

c.

f -1 (x)

x = 3 y+2
x3

=x

-6

( 3 6 + 2 ) = f !1 ( 2 ) = 2 3 ! 2 = 6
)

f f !1 (2) = f 2 3 ! 2 = f ( 6 ) = 3 6 + 2 = 3 8 = 2
Composing f and f

!1

in either order returns the original number.

1-150.
ax 2 + bx + c = d(x 2 ! 2ex + e2 ) + f

ax 2 + bx + c = dx 2 ! 2dex + (de2 + f )
a = d, b = !2de, c = de2 + f
1-151.
a.
Parent Graph ! y = x 3
Transformation

b.

Transformation
Shifted left one unit ! y = x + 1

Flip over y-axis ! y = "x 3

Shifted right two units ! y = " ( x " 2 )

Parent graph ! y = x

Shifted down two units ! y = x + 1 " 2

Shifted down three units ! y = " ( x " 2 ) " 3

3

1-152.
f (g(x)) = (x ! 3)2 ! 2(x ! 3) + 5
f (g(x)) = x 2 ! 6x + 9 ! 2x + 6 + 5
f (g(x)) = x 2 ! 8x + 20
x 2 ! 8x + 20 = 8
x 2 ! 8x + 12 = 0
(x ! 2)(x ! 6) = 0
x ! 2 = 0 or
x!6=0
x = 2 or
x=6

1-153.
a.

30 ! ! 60 ! ! 90 !

b.

sin 30! =
1
2

c.

cos 30! =
3
2

QR
12

d.

k(x ! 2) + 3

c.
1
2

!12 = 6 = PQ

sin P =

6 3
12

!12 = 6 3 = QR

1-154.
a.

k(x) + 1

b.

PQ
12

!k(x) ! 2

3
2

Closure Problems
CL 1-155.
a.
f (x) ! g(x) = 2x 2 ! x ! 3x + 1 = 2x 2 ! 4x + 1
b.
g( f (x)) = 3(2x 2 ! x) ! 1 = 6x 2 ! 3x ! 1
c.

g(x+2)
f (x+2)

3(x+2)!1
2(x+2)2 !(x+2)

3x+6!1
2
2(x + 4 x+ 4)! x!2

3x+5
2
2 x +8 x+8! x!2

3x+5
2
2 x + 7 x+6

CL 1-156.
a.

b.

y ! 4 = ! 12 (x ! 2)

CL 1-157.
a.
Third angle = 180! ! 50! ! 45! = 85!

b.

Law of Sines

c.

ASA

b.

Law of Cosines

c.

SAS

b.

(xy2 )3
(x 2 y 3 )1/2

b.

26
2

sin 85!
7

sin 50!
a
0.766
0.1423 = a
0.766
a = 0.1423
= 5.383
!
sin 85!
= sinb45
7
0.1423 = 0.707
b
0.707
b = 0.1423 = 4.969

CL 1-158.
a.
c 2 = 4 2 + 7 2 ! 2(4)(7) cos 50!

c2

= 16 + 49 ! 36

c 2 = 29
c = 29 = 5.386
CL 1-159.
a.
c.

25x 4 = 5 ! 5 ! x 2 ! x 2 = 5x 2

x 3 y6
xy 3/2

= x 3!1y 6! 3/2 = x 2 y 9/2

x 3 + (x 2 )1/2 = x 3 + x

CL 1-160.
a.
3 ! 2" = 6"

! 6" = 78" in/sec # 20.4 ft / sec

CL 1-161.
a.

sin 45! =
hyp =

4
hyp.

4
1/ 2

b.

=4 2

Isosceles triangle
leg = 4
c.

sin 30! =

hyp.
6

hyp =

!6 =

1
2

6
2

6 2
2

=3 2

Isosceles triangle
leg = 3 2

2 !!!!!!!!cos 30!
hyp.

hyp = 122 = 4!!!!!!!!leg =

sin 45! =

3
2

leg
4

!4 = 2 3

CL 1-162.
f (x) = 2 x ! 3 + 1
Parent graph: y = x
Stretched: y = 2 x
Shifted right three units: y = 2 x ! 3
Shifted up one unit: y = 2 x ! 3 + 1
Inverse: x = 2 y ! 3 + 1

f !1 (x) =

1
4

(x ! 1)2 + 3

x !1= 2 y ! 3
x!1
2

= y!3

( x!12 ) = y ! 3
2
( x!12 ) + 3 = 14 (x ! 1)2 + 3 = y
2

CL 1-163.
a.

b.

CL 1-164.
a.

Total distance = 30 ! 2 + 40 !1 + 50 ! 12
= 60 + 40 + 25 = 125 miles

b.

125
2 +1+

1
2

125
= 35.7 mph
3.5