Cc

Protocols

Protocol Description Layer Port

ARP Address Resolution Protocol LiLink
An Internet protocol that is used to map an IP address to Layer
a MAC address.
BOOTP Boot Protocol Transport
The BOOTP protocol is used for booting (starting) Layer
computers from the network. BOOTP (Boot Protocol) is a (UDP
simple connection-less protocol, typically used by a discless networ
workstation to discover its Internet address and/or the name of k
its bootstrap file. BOOTP operates over UDP (User Datagram protoco
Protocol). BOOTP simply discovers the parameters needed l)
for the bootstrap procedure
DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Application
The DHCP protocol is used for allocation of dynamic IP Layer
addresses to computers in a network. (DHCP) is a
protocol used by networked devices (clients) to obtain the
parameters necessary for operation in an Internet Protocol
network. This protocol reduces system administration
workload,
DNS Domain Naming System T 53
System used in the Internet for translating names of Applica
network nodes into addresses. n often used analogy to tion
explain the Domain Name System is that it serves as the Layer
"phone book" for the Internet by translating human- CP,
friendly computer hostnames into IP addresses UDP
FTP File Transfer Protocol TCD 21
Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a network protocol used to Applica Contr
transfer data from one computer to another tion ol
through a network such as the Internet. Layer
CP,
UDP P
HTTP Hyper Text Transfer Protocol TC 80
The HTTP protocol takes care of the communication Applica
between a web server and a web browser. tion
Layer
CP P
HTTPS Secure HTTP Application
Layer
The HTTPS protocol takes care of secure CP
communication between a web server and a web
browser.
ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol Internet
The network layer Internet protocol that reports errors Layer
and provides other information relevant to IP packet
processing.
IMAP4 Internet Message Access Protocol 4 TCP, 143
Applicatio
The Internet Message Access Protocol or IMAP is one of
the two most prevalent Internet standard protocols for e-mail n Layer
retrieval, the other being POP3 UDP
IP Internet Protocol The Internet Protocol (IP) is a protocol Internet
used for communicating data across a packet-switched Layer
internetwork using the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP).
The network layer protocol in the TCP/IP stack that
offers a connectionless internetwork service. IP provides
features for addressing, type-of-service specification,
fragmentation and reassembly, and security.
IPX Internetwork Packet Exchange TCP, UDP 213
Internetwork Packet Exchange NetWare network layer
(Layer 3) protocol used for transferring data from
servers to workstations. IPX is similar to IP and XNS.
LDAP Lightweight Directory Access Protocol Application
Layer UDP
The LDAP protocol is used for collecting information
about users and e-mail addresses from the Internet.
MIME Multi-purpose Internet Mail Extensions
The MIME protocol lets SMTP transmit multimedia files
including voice, audio, and binary data across TCP/IP
networks.
NNTP Network News Transfer Protocol an Internet application TCP 119
protocol used primarily for reading and posting Usenet Application
articles (aka netnews), as well as transferring news among Layer UDP
news servers
NTP Network Time Protocol Application
Layer
The NTP protocol is used for synchronizing the time (the UDP
clock) between computers.
POP3 Post Office Protocol (Ver 3) T 110
The POP protocol is used for downloading e-mails from Applica
an e-mail server to a personal computer. tion
Layer
UDP
CP
PPTP Point to Point Tunneling Protocol
The PPTP protocol is used for setting up a connection
(tunnel) between private networks.
RARP Reverse Address Resolution Protocol LiLink
A protocol in the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Layer
Protocol (TCP/IP) stack that provides a method for
finding IP addresses based on MAC addresses. a Link
layer networking protocol used by a host computer to obtain
 its IPv4 address given only its link-layer address (such as an
Ethernet address)
SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol T 25
The SMTP protocol is used for the transmission of e- Applica
mails. tion
Layer
UDP
CP
UDP
TCP, UDP 161
SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol
A network management protocol used almost
exclusively in Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
Protocol (TCP/IP) networks. SNMP provides a means to
monitor and control network devices, and to manage
configurations, statistics collection, performance, and
security. (Application Layer)
SPX Sequenced Packet Exchange SPX is a
IPX and SPX are networking protocols used primarily on transpo
networks using the Novell NetWare operating systems. rt layer
Novell derived this commonly used NetWare transport protoco
protocol from the Sequenced Packet Protocol (SPP) of l (layer
the Xerox Network Systems (XNS) protocol suite. 4 of the
OSI
Model)
SSL Secure Sockets Layer Application
Layer
The SSL protocol is used for encryption of data for
secure data transmission
TCP Transmission Control Protocol Transport
A connection-oriented transport layer protocol that Layer
provides reliable full-duplex data transmission. TCP is
part of the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
Protocol (TCP/IP) protocol stack.
Telnet Telnet TCP, 23
A command used to verify the application layer software Applica
between source and destination stations. This is the tion
most complete test mechanism available. Layer
UDP
UDP User Datagram Protocol Transport
A connectionless transport layer protocol in the Layer
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
(TCP/IP) protocol stack. UDP is a simple protocol that
exchanges datagrams without acknowledgments or
guaranteed delivery, and requires that error processing
and retransmission be handled by other protocols.
HDLC High-Level Data Link Control
Bit-oriented synchronous data link layer protocol developed by ISO.
Derived from SDLC, HDLC specifies a data encapsulation method on
synchronous serial links using frame characters and checksums.
Routed Routed protocol
Protocol A protocol that can be routed by a router. A router must be able to
interpret the logical internetwork as specified by that routed protocol.
Examples of routed protocols include AppleTalk, DECnet, and IP.
SLIP Serial Line Internet Protocol Data
Link
A standard protocol for point-to-point serial connections using a variation
of Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP).
Routing Routing protocol
Protocol A protocol that accomplishes routing through the implementation of a
s specific routing algorithm. Examples of routing protocols include Interior
Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP), Open Shortest Path First (OSPF), and
Routing Information Protocol (RIP).
RFC Request For Comments
A document series used as the primary means to communicate
information about the Internet. Some RFCs are designated by the
Internet Architecture Board (IAB) as Internet standards. Most RFCs
document protocol specifications such as Telnet and File Transfer
Protocol (FTP), but some are humorous or historical. RFCs are available
online from numerous sources.
ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network
A communication protocol, offered by telephone companies, that permits
telephone networks to carry data, voice, and other source traffic.
IGMP Internet Group Management Protocol
IGMP is used by IP hosts to report their multicast group memberships to
an adjacent multicast router.
IGP Interior Gateway Protocol Intern
An Internet protocol that is used to exchange routing information within et
an autonomous system. Examples of common Internet IGPs include La
IGRP, OSPF, and RIP. ye
r
IGRP Interior Gateway Routing Protocol Netwo
rk
IGP was developed by Cisco to address the problems associated with Layer
routing in large, heterogeneous networks.
OSPF Open Shortest Path First Link
A link-state, hierarchical Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) routing La
algorithm proposed as a successor to Routing Information Protocol (RIP) ye
in the Internet community. OSPF features include least-cost routing, r
multipath routing, and load balancing. OSPF was derived from an early
version of the Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System (IS-IS)
protocol.
EIGRP Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocols (EIGRP) is a Cisco Netwo
proprietary routing protocol loosely based on their original rk
IGRP. EIGRP is an advanced distance-vector routing protocol, La
 with optimizations to minimize both the routing instability ye
incurred after topology changes, as well as the use of r
bandwidth and processing power in the router.
RIP Routing Information Protocol Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is a Applic
dynamic routing protocol used in local area networks. As such it ati
is classified as an interior gateway protocol (IGP) using the on
distance-vector routing algorithm La
An Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) supplied with UNIX Berkeley ye
Standard Distribution (BSD) systems. The most common IGP in the r
Internet. RIP uses hop count as a routing metric. U
D
P
BGP Border Gateway Protocol is the core routing protocol of the Internet. Applic
It works by maintaining a table of IP networks or 'prefixes' which ati
designate network reachability among autonomous systems on
(AS). It is described as a path vector protocol. La
ye
r
U
D
P

The OSI Model

7. Application Layer NNTP · SIP · SSI · DNS · FTP · Gopher · HTTP · NFS ·
NTP · SMPP · SMTP · SNMP · Telnet
6. Presentation Layer MIME · XDR · SSL · TLS
5. Session Layer Named Pipes · NetBIOS · SAP · SDP · Sockets Session
establishment in TCP · SIP.
4. Transport Layer TCP · UDP · IPsec · PPTP · L2TP
3. Network Layer IP · ARP · ICMP · DHCP · RIP · OSPF· BGP · IGMP · IS-IS ·
IGRP · EIGRP
2. Data Link Layer PPP · SLIP
1. Physical Layer RS-232 · V.35· V.34· I.430· I.431· T1· E1· 802.3 Ethernet ·
10BASE-T· 100BASE-TX· POTS· SONET· DSL· 802.11a/b/g/n PHY

The TCP/IP model

Application Layer
BGP · DHCP · DNS · FTP · Gopher · GTP · HTTP · IMAP · IRC · NNTP · NTP · POP ·
RIP · RPC · RTCP · RTP · RTSP · SDP · SIP · SMTP · SNMP · SOAP · SSH · SSL ·
STUN · Telnet · TLS · XMPP · (more)
Transport Layer
TCP · UDP · DCCP · SCTP · RSVP · ECN · (more)

Internet Layer IP (IPv4 · IPv6) · ICMP · ICMPv6 · IGMP · IPsec · (more)

Link Layer ARP · RARP · NDP · OSPF · Tunnels ·

Media Access Control · Device Drivers · (more)