International Journal of Electrical and

Electronics Engineering Research (IJEEER)

ISSN(P): 2250-155X; ISSN(E): 2278-943X
Vol. 4, Issue 6, Dec 2014, 25-36
TJPRC Pvt. Ltd.

FUZZY LOGIC CONTROLLED BIDIRECTIONAL DC-DC

CONVERTER APPLIED TO DC DRIVE
A. SRILATHA1, FATIMAAZRA2 & R. VENKATESWARLU3
1,3
2

Associate Professor, JBREC, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

Associate Professor, JBIET, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

ABSTRACT
In this paper a new fuzzy logic controller based bidirectional dcdc converter is implemented. It consists of a
simple circuit composition. Both primary and secondary windings of the proposed converter consist of a coupled inductor
with identical winding turns. The primary and secondary windings of the coupled inductor are operated in parallel charge
and series discharge to achieve high step-up voltage gain in step-up mode. Where as in step in mode the primary and
secondary windings of the coupled inductor are operated in series charge and parallel discharge to achieve high step-down
voltage gain. As a result, the proposed converter has superior step-up and step-down voltage gains than the predictable
bidirectional DC-DC buck-boost converter. The average value of the switch current in the projected converter is not as
much of the conservative bidirectional boost/buck converter. The proposed converter topology is implemented with
MATLAB/SIMULATION software and the results are verified.

KEYWORDS: BDC Converter, Fuzzy Logic Controller, Coupled Inductor, Drive

INTRODUCTION
THE DC-DC conversion procedure has been significantly developed to accomplish high-efficiency, economical
topology in trouble-free structure and without intense duty ratio. Also, high rated devices are essential to build up
comparatively low voltages which direct to high voltage/current stress on the devices, and compact efficiency. In addition,
the foremost concerns related to the efficiency of the DC backup converter; huge input current, high output voltage and
rectifier reverse recovery trouble. Thus, circuit trends are requiring voltage/current needs outside the efficient range of
most classical converters; the duty cycle is under 0.1 or over 0.9, and therefore innovative converter topologies must be
developed [1]. In order to defeat the above problems, high performance coupled inductor DC-DC converters are proposed
[2-3] which gives high-efficiency, high-voltage range without utilizing intense duty ratio. Therefore, proposed
Bi-directional DC topology could be additional attractive for power energy conversion systems. Power converters offer a
highly efficient means to deliver a synchronized voltage from a standard power source. In adding, these
converters/regulators are subject to a range of disturbances from the attached load or the power source. These conflicts,
if not controlled, may spoil or shutdown devices attached to the converter. To keep up the output voltage constant,
irrespective of load and line disturbances, it is necessary to operate the converter as a closed loop system. In fact, the
incredibly well-known classical PI controller is required to be tuned for acceptable dynamic response, where as in the
sample based controller only gain is to be attuned for a given system to adjust overshoot. Also, in recent years, the Fuzzy
Logic Control (FLC) has turned into more accepted in numerous applications. These FLCs provides a method of nonlinear
control using piece-wise linear functions to apply varying gains depending on the error signal between the desired output
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A. Srilatha, Fatimaazra & R. Venkateswarlu

and the actual output. FLCs have already been built-in in various DC-DC converter systems [4-5] and applications [6-7].
The fuzzy logic controller is beneficial over classical controls where the gains are unchanged. An FLC allows the
proportional, integral, and derivative gains to be adjusted to work optimally to control the system and hence make it a
suitable for control of DC-DC converters [4-5]. The fuzzy logic [6-7] based controller gives nonlinear control with quick
response and nearly no overshoots. In this paper, operation, and FLC based voltage controller design of the proposed
Bi-directional DC-DC topology is discussed and then validated through simulation.

OPERATION AND ANALYSIS OF PROPOSED MODEL

A predictable bidirectional DC-DC buck-boost converter and proposed bidirectional dcdc converter are shown in
Figure 5(a) (b) However, predictable bidirectional dcdc converter of consists of low step-up and step-down voltage gains.
The voltage gain of proposed converter is advanced than the conservative dcdc boost converter. The proposed converter
employs an inductor coupled with the primary and secondary sides of having identical winding turns.
The Bi-directional DC converter function can be recognized in two modes. One is discharge mode and the other
one is charging mode. During discharging mode BDC is used to boost the battery voltage to an appropriate high level DC
bus voltage. And in charging mode BDC is used to buck the DC bus voltage to a suitable low level battery voltage.
The converter procedure in continuous conduction mode (CCM) is a proper alternative to get an improved dynamic
response and also a stretched regulation of output voltage for the whole load deviation.

INTRODUCTION TO FUZZY LOGIC CONTROLLER

L. A. Zadeh presented the first paper on fuzzy set theory in 1965. Since then, a new language was developed to
describe the fuzzy properties of reality, which are very difficult and sometime even impossible to be described using
conventional methods. Fuzzy set theory has been widely used in the control area with some application to dc-to-dc
converter system. A simple fuzzy logic control is built up by a group of rules based on the human knowledge of system
behaviour. Matlab/Simulink simulation model is built to study the dynamic behaviour of dc-to-dc converter and
performance of proposed controllers. Furthermore, design of fuzzy logic controller can provide desirable both small signal
and large signal dynamic performance at same time, which is not possible with linear control technique. Thus, fuzzy logic
controller has been potential ability to improve the robustness of dc-to-dc converters. The basic scheme of a fuzzy logic
controller is shown in Figure 1 and consists of four principal components such as: a fuzzification interface, which converts
input data into suitable linguistic values; a knowledge base, which consists of a data base with the necessary linguistic
definitions and the control rule set; a decision-making logic which, simulating a human decision process, infer the fuzzy
control action from the knowledge of the control rules and linguistic variable definitions; a de-fuzzification interface which
yields non fuzzy control action from an inferred fuzzy control action [8].

Figure 1: General Structure of the Fuzzy Logic Controller on Closed-Loop System

Impact Factor (JCC): 5.9638

Index Copernicus Value (ICV): 3.0

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Fuzzy Logic Controlled Bidirectional Dc-Dc Converter Applied to Dc Drive

The fuzzy control systems are based on expert knowledge that converts the human linguistic concepts into an
automatic control strategy without any complicated mathematical model [8]. Simulation is performed in buck converter to
verify the proposed fuzzy logic controllers.

Figure 2: Block Diagram of the Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) for Dc-Dc Converters
Fuzzy Logic Membership Functions
The dc-dc converter is a nonlinear function of the duty cycle because of the small signal model and its control
method was applied to the control of boost converters. Fuzzy controllers do not require an exact mathematical model.
Instead, they are designed based on general knowledge of the plant. Fuzzy controllers are designed to adapt to varying
operating points. Fuzzy Logic Controller is designed to control the output of boost dc-dc converter using Mamdani style
fuzzy inference system. Two input variables, error (e) and change of error (de) are used in this fuzzy logic system.
The single output variable (u) is duty cycle of PWM output.

Figure 3: The Membership Function Plots of Error

Figure 4: The Membership Function Plots of Change Error

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A. Srilatha, Fatimaazra & R. Venkateswarlu

Figure 5: The Membership Function Plots of Duty Ratio

Fuzzy Logic Rules
The objective of this dissertation is to control the output voltage of the boost converter. The error and change of
error of the output voltage will be the inputs of fuzzy logic controller. These 2 inputs are divided into five groups; NB:
Negative Big, NS: Negative Small, ZO: Zero Area, PS: Positive small and PB: Positive Big and its parameter [8].
These fuzzy control rules for error and change of error can be referred in the table that is shown in Table 1as per below:
Table 1: Table Rules for Error and Change of Error

MODELLING THE PROPOSED CIRCUIT AND MATLAB/SIMULINK RESULTS

Here the proposed concept is carried with five cases,

High Step up DC/DC Boost Converter in CCM Mode. 2) High Step down DC/DC Boost Converter in CCM
Mode.

High Step up DC/DC Boost Converter in DCM Mode.4) High Step down DC/DC Boost Converter in DCM Mode

High Step up DC/DC Boost Converter with Closed Loop Operation by using fuzzy logic controller applied to DC
machine drive.

Case 1: High Step up DC/DC Boost Converter in CCM Mode

Impact Factor (JCC): 5.9638

Index Copernicus Value (ICV): 3.0

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Fuzzy Logic Controlled Bidirectional Dc-Dc Converter Applied to Dc Drive

Figure 6: Matlab/Simulink Model of High Step Up DC/DC Boost Converter in CCM Mode

Figure 7: Shows the Line Current and Coupled Inductor Currents of

High Step Up DC/DC Boost Converter in CCM Mode
The waveforms of the input current iL and the coupled inductor currents iL1 and iL2 in step-up mode as shown in
Figure 7. It can be seen that iL1 is equal to iL2. The current iL is double of the level of the coupled-inductor current during
S1, S2 ON-period and equals the coupled-inductor current during S1, S2 OFF-period.

Figure 8: Shows the Current Flowing in the Switches S1, S2, S3 of

High Step Up DC/DC Boost Converter in CCM Mode
The waveforms of the switch currents in step up mode as shown in Figure 15. In this mode S1, S2 ON and S3 OFF

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A. Srilatha, Fatimaazra & R. Venkateswarlu

Figure 9: Shows the Current Flowing in the Switches S1, S2, S3 of

High Step Up DC/DC Boost Converter in CCM Mode
Voltage waveforms across source-drain of MOSFETS and the voltage stress on S1 and S2 equal to (VH +VL)/2, S3
equal to (VH +VL) as shown in Figure 9. In this mode S1, S2 ON and S3 OFF

Figure 10: Output Voltage Waveform of the Proposed Converter in Step-Up Mode
Case 2: High Step Down DC/DC Boost Converter in CCM Mode

Figure 11: Matlab/Simulink Model of High Step Down DC/DC Boost Converter in CCM Mode
The Simulink models for high step up and step down DC-DC Converters are shown in Figure 6 and Figure 11. In
order to verify the performance of the proposed converter, the specifications and circuit components are selected as VL = 12
V, VH = 42 V, fs = 50 kHz, PO = 200 W, CL = CH = 330 F, L1 = L2 = 15.5 H (rL1 = rL2 = 11 m). Also, MOSFET
IRF3710 (VDSS = 100 V, RDS (ON) = 23 m, and ID = 57 A) is selected for S1, S2 & S3.
Impact Factor (JCC): 5.9638

Index Copernicus Value (ICV): 3.0

Fuzzy Logic Controlled Bidirectional Dc-Dc Converter Applied to Dc Drive

31

Figure 12: Shows the Line Current and Coupled Inductor Currents of
High Step Down DC/DC Boost Converter in CCM Mode
The waveforms of the input current iL and the coupled inductor currents iL1 and iL2 in step-up mode as shown in
Figure 12. It can be seen that iL1 is equal to iL2. The current iL is double of the level of the coupled-inductor current during
S1, S2 ON-period and equals the coupled-inductor current during S1, S2 OFF-period

Figure 13: Shows the Current Flowing in the Switches S1, S2, S3 of
High Step Down DC/DC Boost Converter in CCM Mode
The waveforms of the switch currents in step down mode as shown in Figure 13 In this mode S1, S2 OFF and S3
ON

Figure 14: Shows the Current Flowing in the Switches S1, S2, S3 of
High Step Up DC/DC Boost Converter in CCM Mode

Voltage waveforms across source-drain of MOSFETS (S1, S2 and S3) and the voltage stress on S1 and S2 equal to
(VH +VL)/2, S3 equal to (VH +VL) as shown in Figure 22
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A. Srilatha, Fatimaazra & R. Venkateswarlu

Figure 15: Output Voltage Waveform of the Proposed Converter in Step-Down Mode
Case 3: High Step up DC/DC Boost Converter in DCM Mode

Figure 16: Shows the Line Current and Coupled Inductor Currents of
High Step Up DC/DC Boost Converter in DCM Mode

Figure 17: Shows the Current Flowing in the Switches S1, S2, S3 of
High Step Up DC/DC Boost Converter in DCM Mode

Impact Factor (JCC): 5.9638

Index Copernicus Value (ICV): 3.0

Fuzzy Logic Controlled Bidirectional Dc-Dc Converter Applied to Dc Drive

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Figure 18: Shows the Current Flowing in the Switches S1, S2, S3 of
High Step Up DC/DC Boost Converter in DCM MODE
Figures 16, 17, 18 shows the Line currents and Coupled inductor currents, Current flowing in the switches,
voltage across the switches, respectively of High step up Dc/DC converter in DCM mode.
Case 4: High Step Down DC/DC Boost Converter in DCM Mode

Figure 19: Shows the Line Current and Coupled Inductor Currents of
High Step down DC/DC Boost Converter in DCM Mode

Figure 20: Shows the Current Flowing in the Switches S1, S2, S3 of
High Step Down DC/DC Boost Converter in DCM Mode

Figure 21: Shows the Current Flowing in the Switches S1, S2, S3 of
High Step Down DC/DC Boost Converter in DCM Mode
Figures 19, 20, 21 shows the Line currents and Coupled inductor currents, Current flowing in the switches,
voltage across the switches, respectively of High step down Dc/DC converter in DCM mode.

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A. Srilatha, Fatimaazra & R. Venkateswarlu

Case 5: High Step Down DC/DC Boost Converter with Closed Loop Operation by using fuzzy logic controller applied to
DC motor drive

Figure 22: Matlab/ Simulink Model of High Step Down DC/DC Boost Converter with Closed
Loop Operation by Using Fuzzy Logic Controller Applied to DC Motor Drive

Figure 23: Output Voltage of the Converter

Figure 24: Speed of the Motor

Figure 25: Armature Current of the Motor

Figure 26: Electromagnetic Torque of the Motor

Impact Factor (JCC): 5.9638

Index Copernicus Value (ICV): 3.0

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Fuzzy Logic Controlled Bidirectional Dc-Dc Converter Applied to Dc Drive

Figure 24, 25, 26 are the shows the Speed, Armature Current, Electromagnetic torque respectively, of the DC
motor Drive performance characteristics.

CONCLUSIONS
In this paper, the Bidirectional DC-DC Converter has been simulated and the results are verified. During
simulation, it is observed that the voltage across the load terminals is 42 volts in Step up mode and the voltage is step down
to 12 volts in step down mode. The proposed bidirectional dc-dc converter has higher step up and step down voltage gains
as compared to the conventional buck-boost converter. For various applications this Buck-Boost (DC-DC) Converter is
useful. Step up, Step down DC-DC conversion are very much necessary for various Industrial applications which can be
obtained with these converters. Finally a closed loop control is implemented by using fuzzy logic controller applied to DC
motor drive for proposed bidirectional DC to DC converter. Matlab/Simulink model is developed and simulation results
are presented.

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B. Axelrod, Y. Berkovichm and A. Ioinovici, Switched Capacitor/Switched-Inductor Structures for Getting

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Q. Zhao and F. C. Lee, High performance coupled-inductor DCDC converter, Proc. of IEEE APEC Conf,
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S. Dwari and S. Jayawant, et al., Dynamic Characterization of Coupled-Inductor Boost DC-DC Converters,
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