Chapt 19

Chapter 19 Conventional Energy
1. The application of force over distance is known as

A. power.
B. work.
C. fuels.
D. energy.
E. All of these.
Answer: B
Question Classification: Knowledge
2. Power is the
A. rate of energy delivery (work done per second).
B. amount of energy available.
C. capacity to do work (force over distance).
D. a combination of A, B, and C.
E. amount of work done when a force of one Newton is exerted over 1 meter.
Answer: A
3. One megawatt is equal to _________ watts.

A. 100
B. 1000
C. 1 million
D. 1 billion
E. 1 trillion
Answer: C
4. Coal replaced wood as industrialized countries major energy source in the nineteenth century because
A. coal was easier to transport.
B. coal was a cleaner fuel.
C. early conservationists warned about the loss of biodiversity in the forests.
D. wood is not as energy efficient as coal.
E. wood supplies were diminishing.
Answer: E
5. A major force leading Americans to begin thinking carefully about energy conservation was the
A. industrial revolution.
B. 1973 Arab oil embargo.
C. near depletion of domestic coal supplies.
D. invention of nuclear energy.
E. 1990 Gulf War.
Answer: B
6. Which of the following is not considered a fossil fuel?

A. coal
B. natural gas
C. oil
D. charcoal
E. All of these are considered to be fossil fuels.
Answer: D
7. Which of the following energy sources does not contribute to the greenhouse effect?
A. coal
B. petroleum
C. nuclear fission
D. wood
E. natural gas
Answer: C
8. _________ dependence on wood and other biomass for more than 90 percent of total heating and cooking energy
contributes to its loss of _____________.
A. Chinas, agricultural land
B. Haitis, nutrient rich soil and forests
C. Mexicos, biodiversity
D. East Germanys, forests
E. Cubas, biodiversity
Answer: B
Question Classification: Comprehension
9. Sweden, Denmark, and Switzerland have higher standards of living by most measures than Americans or
Canadians
A. because their energy consumption is much greater.
B. because they are closer to energy supplies.
C. even though their energy use is about equal to ours.
D. even though their energy use is much less than ours.
E. None of these, Sweden, Denmark, and Switzerland do not have higher standards of living compared to Americans
or Canadians
Answer: D
10. The chemical industry is the second largest industrial consumer of fossil fuels with ________ used for energy
generation and ____________ used for raw materials in manufacturing.
A. half; half
B. three quarters; one quarter
C. one quarter; three quarters
D. one third; two thirds
E. two thirds; one third

Answer: A
Use the following scenario. As a member of the student governing body, you are the student representative for the
schools planning board. They are planning to update their fleet of cars and are investigating cars fueled with natural
gas or electric batteries. During this initial meeting they are not looking at the technical problems and instead are
interested in the most clean burning and energy efficient car. The president of the board is convinced that a fleet of
electric cars would be best because electricity is clean and efficient. On the other hand, another board member
brings up the fact that natural gas is clean and efficient and he feels that a fleet of cars fueled with natural gas would
be best.
11. What is your reaction to the presidents position in the scenario above?
A. I agree because almost 100 percent of electricitys energy is converted to useful work.
B. I agree because no pollution is given off when electricity is used.
C. I agree because electricity is relatively inexpensive.
D. I disagree because electricity is extremely expensive.
E. I disagree because electricity comes from power plants that are generally fired with coal.
Answer: E
12. What is your reaction to the board members position in the scenario above?
A. I agree because about 90 percent of natural gas energy is converted to useful work.
B. I agree because no pollution is given off when natural gas is burned.
C. I agree because natural gas is relatively inexpensive.
D. I disagree because natural gas is extremely expensive.
E. I disagree because refining natural gas releases large amounts of pollution.
Answer: A
13. What is your recommendation to the board in the scenario above?

A. I recommend a fleet of cars fueled with natural gas.
B. I recommend a fleet of cars fueled with electric batteries.
C. I recommend a fleet of with some cars fueled with natural gas and others fueled with electricity.
D. I recommend further analysis because the clean burning and energy efficient characteristics, although important,
are not the only factors that should be investigated.
E. I recommend a fleet of cars fueled with gasoline because the current technology for electric cars or natural gas is
not yet perfected enough.
Answer: D
Question Classification: Application
14. In the process of getting energy to power your television, which of the following stages is the most energy
efficient?
A. Mining the coal to run the power plant.
B. Burning the coal to run the power plant.
C. Thermal conversion of the energy from coal in the power plant.
D. Transmission to your house
E. Actually powering your television set.
Answer: E
15. Worldwide, coal deposits are

A. widespread but rarely in economic quantities.
B. relatively difficult to find.
C. highly unusual formations.
D. widespread and extensive.
E. decreasing at alarming rates.
Answer: D
16. Black lung disease results from

A. the radioactivity in coal.
B. the radioactivity around coal-fired power plants.
C. careless strip-mining methods.
D. coal dust literally filling lungs like dust in a vacuum cleaner bag.
E. coal dust causing inflammation and fibrosis in lungs.
Answer: E
17. Under normal operating conditions _______________ power plants release radioactivity as well as toxic metals.
A. coal-fired
B. hydroelectric
C. nuclear
D. wind-generated
E. All of these.
Answer: A
18. The main pollutant released by coal burning is

A. mercury vapor.
B. methane.
C. sulfur oxides.
D. volatile organic compounds.
E. NOx
Answer: C
19. Most useful oil deposits are usually found

A. in a liquid pool under a layer of impermeable shale.
B. saturating porous rocks, like water in a sponge.
C. locked in the mineral structure of a rock formation.
D. in pools on the earths surface, where geologic pressures have forced them to collect.
E. in small pools directly above the bedrock.
Answer: B
20. Oil wells are usually able to extract ______ of the petroleum present in an oil reservoir.
A. all
B. about 90 percent
C. about 75 percent
D. 30 to 40 percent
E. less than 10 percent
Answer: D
21. Secondary recovery techniques are ways to

A. force more oil out of a drying well.
B. extract new types of fuels from an empty well.
C. recover nonfuel materials from an oil well.
D. distill usable fuels from raw petroleum.
E. recover the oil that spills when an oil well gushes.
Answer: A
22. Oil shale and tar sands are examples of ________ oil.
A. unrecoverable
B. unproven
C. unknown
D. unconventional
E. recoverable
Answer: D
23. Natural gas is the most __________ fuel with _______ of its energy content lost in shipping and handling.
A. expensive, over 70 percent
B. efficient, only 10 percent
C. environmentally damaging, over 50 percent
D. polluting, only 1 percent
E. available, only 1 percent
Answer: B
24. One ____________ of natural gas is that it is ____________ than either coal or oil.
A. disadvantage, harder to ship and store
B. advantage, easier to build infrastructure for transporting it
C. disadvantage, harder to sell
D. advantage, easier to find
E. disadvantage, less abundant
Answer: A
25. Methane from animal waste is an example of a(n)

A. conventional gas source.
B. unconventional gas resource.
C. by-product of human activities.
D. nonrenewable energy source.
E. Both B and C are true.
Answer: E
26. Interest in nuclear power as a major world energy source

A. was strong in the 1950s but has since faded.
B. gradually built to a peak in the 1980s and 1990s.
C. reached a peak of interest due to the Gulf War.
D. has been consistently low since it was invented.
E. is increasing because of the threat of global warming.
Answer: A
Plants on order
Num
ber
of
Nucl
ear
Powe
r
Plant
s
Plants in operation
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
27. According to the diagram above, the number of plants in operation ______ in the early 1990s.
A. increased sharply
B. increased
C. decreased sharply
D. decreased
E. leveled off
Answer: E
Question Classification: Analysis
28. Why didnt the Plants in operation curve in the diagram above increase to the same level that the Plants on
order curve peaked?
A. Because of the increased concerns about reactor safety and waste disposal.
B. Because some people were still supportive of nuclear power.
C. Because nuclear power does not contribute to the greenhouse effect.
D. Because there is a lag time between ordering and operating a nuclear plant.
E. Because many utilities cancelled their orders.
Answer: E
29. Why was there an increase for nuclear plants in operation when nuclear plants on order decreased so rapidly in
the mid 1970s?
A. Because of the increased concerns about reactor safety and waste disposal.
B. Because some people were still supportive of nuclear power.
C. Because nuclear power does not contribute to the greenhouse effect.
D. Because there is a lag time between ordering and operating a nuclear plant.
E. Because many utilities cancelled their orders.
Answer: D
30. The fuel used in a conventional PWR or BWR nuclear power plants is
A. plutonium.
B. uranium.
C. thorium.
D. cadmium
E. any one of these.
Answer: B
31. Which of the following statements regarding nuclear energy is true?

A. In a nuclear power plant, electricity is collected directly from electrons splitting off from fuel atoms.
B. Nearly all nuclear power plants worldwide are built far from water sources to prevent contamination.
C. Decommissioning a nuclear power plant costs up to ten times as much as building it.
D. The Pressurized Water Reactor and the Boiling Water Reactor are essentially the two main designs for a nuclear
power plant.
E. In a nuclear power plant, electricity is collected directly from the combination of electrons.
Answer: C
32. Uranium fuel is ____________ before it can be put into a reactor.

A. extensively processed to clean and purify it
B. found in concentrated form in the Earth and then washed
C. produced by bombarding it with electrons from radioactive plutonium
D. extensively processed in order to change it to a safer form
E. None of these are true.
Answer: A
33. A fuel assembly in a nuclear power plant consists of

A. fuel pellets packed into a hollow rod.
B. about one hundred pellet-filled rods bundled together.
C. fuel pellets arranged in a cube and encased in plastic.
D. about a thousand fuel rods.
E. neutron-absorbing material such as cadmium.

Answer: B
34. Nuclear fission occurs when a high-energy subatomic particle, a neutron, strikes a uranium atom, releases energy
and
A. breaks in half, causing another atom to break.
B. releases an electron in a gamma wave.
C. releases protons.
D. releases neutrons.
E. combines with another neutron to release even more energy.
Answer: D
35. Control rods in a nuclear reactor are used to

A. absorb neutrons.
B. move fuel rods around in the chamber.
C. provide neutrons to initiate reactions.
D. provide cooling by decreasing the temperature of the water.
E. increase the temperature of the water.
Answer: A
36. The most likely disaster in a nuclear power plant is that

A. the plant would explode like a nuclear bomb.
B. cooling systems could fail, causing rapid overheating.
C. fuel rods could fail to maintain chain reactions.
D. nuclear fusion would get out of control and cause explosions.
E. All of these are equally likely.
Answer: B
37. Most nuclear plants in the United States use _________ to cool fuel rods and run turbines.
A. pressurized air and water
B. forced air
C. freon, as in a refrigerator
D. pressurized water and steam
E. liquid sodium
Answer: D
38. A breeder reactor is designed to

A. burn on multiple types of fuels such as plutonium, uranium, and thorium.
B. create fissionable plutonium from spent fission reactor fuel.
C. operate on a very small scale.
D. be safer than any other type of reactor.
E. be cooled with cadmium cooling rods.

Answer: B
39. The liquid sodium that must be used to cool a breeder reactor
A. is explosive in contact with water.
B. burns intensely when exposed to oxygen.
C. is highly corrosive.
D. All of these.
E. None of these.
Answer: D
40. Radioactive waste dumping in oceans has been

A. considered by many governments but not carried out.
B. common worldwide until last year.
C. continued by the Soviet government until very recently.
D. banned worldwide since 1957.
E. proven to be safe because the wastes are sinking to very deep oceanic trenches.
Answer: C
41. Nuclear waste storage in the United States is handled

A. in temporary storage at individual plants.
B. in the permanent storage depot managed by the federal government.
C. by dumping at sea.
D. by shipping overseas to Surinam and Venezuela.
E. All of these are ways that the United States handles nuclear waste storage.
Answer: A
42. Yucca Mountain, Nevada, is the site of a

A. proposed breeder reactor project.
B. proposed national nuclear waste repository.
C. the most notorious radioactive leak in history.
D. leading nuclear free zone.
E. permanent nuclear storage depot managed by the federal government.
Answer: B
43. Nuclear fusion is a ____________ technology.

A. proven and common
B. ideal but so far unachievable
C. technologically easy but publicly objectionable
D. long-time standard
E. clean, efficient, and relatively inexpensive
Answer: B
44. Fossil fuels currently supply about 50 percent of all world commercial energy supplies.
A. True
B. False
Answer: B
45. World coal reserves are substantially smaller than petroleum reserves.
A. True
B. False
Answer: B
46. The United States has only enough proven oil supplies to last ten years at current rates of consumption.
A. True
B. False
Answer: A
47. Under normal operating conditions you are likely to get a higher dose of radiation living next to a nuclear plant
than a coal-burning plant.
A. True
B. False
Answer: B
48. For much of the past decade battles have been going on over oil and gas drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife
Refuge.
A. True
B. False
Answer: A
49. Since nuclear power plants can explode like a bomb, the radioactive releases are extremely devastating.
A. True
B. False
Answer: B
50. Vice President Dick Cheney strongly supports conservation of energy along with extensive exploration.
A. True
B. False
Answer: B
Short Answer/Essay Questions

51. A caller who wondered why no one was discussing nuclear power berated panelists discussing the problems of
global warming on a radio show. How would you react to this caller? Make sure you provide at least three
arguments that support your position.
Answer: For a total of 15 points (Note: The numbers can be changed to fit your assessment needs.)
15 =
Provided at least three accurate arguments supporting the position; Communicated effectively with a well
written summary
10 =
Provided two accurate arguments in support of the position; Communicated with a fairly well written
summary
5=
Provided one accurate argument in support of the position; Communicated with a poorly written summary
0=
Provided no accurate arguments in support of the position; Communicated with a very poorly written
summary
52. Evaluate the costs and benefits (more than economic) of using coal, oil, and natural gas. In your evaluation
provide the pros and cons, and the context for which each energy source would best work.
Answer: For a total of 30 points (Note: The numbers can be changed to fit your assessment needs.)
30 =
Provided an accurate evaluation of the costs of the three energy sources; Provided an accurate evaluation of
the benefits of the three energy sources; Used an appropriate and accurate context for the three energy
sources; Communicated effectively with a well written explanation
20 =
Provided an accurate evaluation of the costs of two energy sources; Provided an accurate evaluation of the
benefits of two energy sources; Used an appropriate and accurate context for two energy sources;
Communicated with a well written explanation
10 =
Provided an accurate evaluation of the costs of one energy source; Provided an accurate evaluation of the
benefits of one energy source; Used an appropriate and accurate context for one energy source;
Communicated with a fairly well written explanation
5=
Provided an accurate evaluation of the costs of one energy source; Provided an accurate evaluation of the
benefits of one energy source; Used an inappropriate and inaccurate context for all energy sources;
Communicated with a poorly written explanation
0=
Provided an inaccurate evaluation of the costs of all energy sources; Provided an inaccurate evaluation of
the benefits of all energy sources; Used an inappropriate and inaccurate context for all energy sources;
Communicated with a very poorly written explanation

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Chapt 19

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Chapter 19 Conventional Energy

1. The application of force over distance is known as

3. One megawatt is equal to _________ watts.

6. Which of the following is not considered a fossil fuel?

E. two thirds; one third

13. What is your recommendation to the board in the scenario above?

15. Worldwide, coal deposits are

16. Black lung disease results from

18. The main pollutant released by coal burning is

19. Most useful oil deposits are usually found

Question Classification: Knowledge

21. Secondary recovery techniques are ways to

25. Methane from animal waste is an example of a(n)

26. Interest in nuclear power as a major world energy source

31. Which of the following statements regarding nuclear energy is true?

32. Uranium fuel is ____________ before it can be put into a reactor.

33. A fuel assembly in a nuclear power plant consists of

E. neutron-absorbing material such as cadmium.

35. Control rods in a nuclear reactor are used to

36. The most likely disaster in a nuclear power plant is that

38. A breeder reactor is designed to

E. be cooled with cadmium cooling rods.

40. Radioactive waste dumping in oceans has been

41. Nuclear waste storage in the United States is handled

42. Yucca Mountain, Nevada, is the site of a

43. Nuclear fusion is a ____________ technology.

Short Answer/Essay Questions

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