Betty Neuman

Health Care
Systems Model
The person is a complete system, with
interrelated parts
maintains balance and harmony between
internal and external environment by
adjusting to stress and defending against
tension-producing stimuli

Betty Neuman
Health Care
Systems Model
Focuses on stress and stress reduction
Primarily concerned with effects of stress
on health
Stressors are any forces that alter the
systems stability

Betty Neuman
Health Care
Systems Model
Flexible lines of resistance
Surround basic core
Internal factors that help defend against stressors

Normal line of resistance

Normal adaptation state

Flexible line of defense

Protective barrier, changing, affected by variables

Betty Neuman
Systems Model
Wellness is equilibrium
Nursing interventions are activites to:
strengthen flexible lines of defense
strengthen resistence to stressors
maintain adaptation

BETTY NEWMAN
THE HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS MODEL
Pendekatan yang holistik
Kekuatan model:
penekanan pada pencegahan, HE dan
kesejahteraan dalam manajemen sehat dan
sakit
pendekatan inter disiplin
tidak dibatasi hanya untuk keperawatan

Betty Newman
THE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM'S MODEL

Holistic approach
The Strength model:
emphasis on prevention, HE and welfare in
sickness and in health management
inter-disciplinary approach
not limited to nursing

dengan :
NEWMAN,S MODEL

Struktur dasar sumber

energi

Garis perlawanan

Garis pertahanan normal

Garis pertahanan
Fleksibel

The main components of open systems

(Newman)
- person
- stressor
- reaction to the stressor
Nurse: maintain / keep the system balance
Stressor:
extra personal (pressure from outside the system)
* Interpersonal (pressure between one or more
individuals)
intrapersonal (pressure occurs within the individual
self)
line resistance (resistance)
serve to protect and maintain the basic energy
source in order to remain stable
normal lines
relatively stable

are obtained through the response /

adaptation to previous experience
flexible line of defense
varies from day to day
nursing goal:
prevent maladaptasi
restore adaptation
adaptation to maintain a

pencegahan primer
jika stressor dicurigai/ dikenali sebelum dg
sistem terjadi
tujuan : mengurangi kemungkinan serangan
stressor
memperkuat garis pertahanan normal (
imunisasi, pend kes )
pencegahan skunder
intervensi terjadi setelah stressor melanggar
garis pertahanan normal dan menimbulkan
reaksi . tujuan : membantu

with: primary prevention

if the stressor is suspected / identified before
the system occurs
goals: reduce the possibility of attacks stressor
strengthen the lines of normal (immunization,
health education )
secondary prevention
intervention occurs after the normal line of
defense against the stressor and cause a
reaction. goal: to help
individuals return to normal health status,
recovery.
The focus: restoring adaptation and stability
Tertiary prevention
intervention typically begins after the stage of
treatment. goals: helping individuals to
maintain health status atauu stabilize, avoid
the possibility of recurrence. Focus: health
pend.

 Diagram health care system,s model

Keperawatan

pencegahan primer

pencegahan skunder

penc tertier

ditujukan untuk

mencegah
maladaptasi

memulihkan adap

memlihara adap

dg memperkuat
garis pertahanan

stabilitas

pemulihan

Orang yg membutuhkan asuhan kep

Relations with nursing process

assessment of three principles:
1. A good assessment: requires knowledge of
all factors affecting the perception of clients
who
2. Meaning of the stressor has been validated
by the client - nurse
3. Factors that influence the perception of
nurses in the client should clearly assess the
situation

Things should be assessment:

Biographical data
Stressor of client perceptions
Stressors of nurses perceptions
Inter, intra, and extra personal factors that
influence the response to the stressor
Client's problems nurses agreed statement

penguatan