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COMBUSTION
ENGINES
SECTION 4
CONTROL OF OPERATION OF
IC ENGINES
Gages on this Instrument panel show the oil.., the oil, the
water., and the water.
Level, Pressure, Level, Temperature
3.
The ignition switch (Opens / Closes) the electrical circuit when the
engine is to be started.
Closes
4. Engine speed is controlled by the ..
Throttle
5.
6.
To check on the operation of the cooling system, you look at the
......gage.
Water temperature
7.
If the oil pressure gage shows an excessively high reading, the
.system is malfunctioning.
Lubricating
8. An oil filter may be ..
Blocked / Clogged
9. Sight gages show the .of oil in the lubricating system and the
of water in the cooling system.
Level, Level
Prestart Procedures
10. Manufacturers always furnish operation and maintenance manuals for
the engines.
The manual contains starting, stopping, and control procedures. Every
operator should study and know these procedures before he tries
to.the engine.
Start
11.The operator who is familiar with the manual and the engine, can usually
detect malfunctions before they cause serious troubles.
Once a malfunction is detected, the operator must know how to .the
engine before damage is caused to the engine.
Stop
12.A new engine, an overhauled engine, or one that has been idle for a long
time should be thoroughly ..before startup.
Checked
16. If the engine has been worked on, or if it is new, pieces of weld metal
or other obstructions may be lying in the fuel line.
If the fuel line is .the engine cant start.
Blocked / Plugged
17. When engines are new or have been worked on, the is
checked for blocking material.
Fuel line
18. There is less strain on the engine if it is started when it (is / is not)
coupled to the load.
Is not
19. For example, if the engine is used as a pump driver, the pump should
be (Unloaded from / Loaded to) the engine.
Unloaded from
20.
21. For proper engine operation, the lubricating system valves are
adjusted to deliver oil to the engine, and the engine oil reservoir should be
filled.
If water is present in the engine crankcase, the crankcase is.., the
water source found, and necessary repairs made.
Drained
22.
24. The cooling system must be filled, and heat exchangers filled with
coolant.
When the cooling system is full, check carefully for any coolant .
from the system.
Leaking
25. The cooling water should remain turned on if the cooling system is an
(Open / Recirculating) system.
Open
26. On a new engine, the oil lines are empty.
Since the oil pump is run by engine crankshaft, the will not fill them until
the engine.
Starts
27. Thus, before starting the engine the pump must be
operated..until the system is full, and until the engine is up to
speed.
Manually / By hand
28. Large industrial engines may be equipped with motor driven
lubricating pumps.
Then it is not necessary to operate a motor driven lubricating pump
by.before starting the engine.
Hand
29. On engines equipped with separate lubricators, the reservoir oil must
be checked and .added if necessary.
Oil / Lubricant
30. The engine should be turned manually (cranked) through one
complete revolution to make sure that all parts move freely.
Fuel valves areand ignition switches are (On / Off) while the
engine is being cranked.
Closed, Off
31. If the engine is equipped with an electric starting motor, it is not
necessary to turn the engine over manually.
Movement can be checked by simply engaging the .. motor for a few
seconds.
Starting
32. Some engines are started by forcing air into the cylinders.
The air forces the.to move.
Pistons
33. When the engine has an air motor starter, the air valves must be (Open
/ Closed) so that the air can turn the engine over.
Open
34. Moisture may be present in the starting motors air tank.
Drains to this tank are opened to force out any.in the tank.
Moisture /Water
35.
36. All fuel supply valves except the one which lets gas into the header
line should now be ..
Opened
37.
With this header line valve closed, no fuel can enter the..
Cylinder
38. In engines using natural gas, the gas pressure at the header should be
checked.
When gas pressure is high enough for engine operation, the over speed trip
switch may be set to ..
On
39.
The air valve remains open or the electric starting motor is engaged until the
.begins to fire.
Fuel, Engine
46. If the engine fails to start before the fuel gage registers 5 psi pressure
the engine is shut down immediately to find and .the trouble.
Fix / Correct
47. The engine is allowed to warm up to operating temperature before it is
loaded.
The engine is warmed up at reduced speeds and without load until the
temperature gage on the .shows that the temperature is within the
operating range.
Instrument panel
48. If the oil pressure gage shows no pressure within a few seconds after
the engine is started the engine is immediately to prevent serious
damage from having no lubricant.
Stopped / Shut down
49. When an engine is being started for the first time, it should be run for
only 10-15 minutes and then stopped for an inspection to check for
overheating.
Inspection covers are removed, and the crankshaft and bearings are touched
to see that they are not getting too
Hot
50. Some of the lubricating oil may have flowed into parts of the system
which were empty when oil was first put in.
This flow the amount of oil in the reservoir.
Decreases
51.
If the oil level indicator shows a low oil level, the oil is .
Added
53. New engines require very little breaking in, because the manufacturer
breaks them in at the factory.
The new engine needs to be run for a few hours at (Partial / Full) speeds
before it is fully loaded.
Partial
54. Before fully loading the engine, check to see that lubricant is reaching
all parts.
If the lubricating system is functioning, the engine is ready for load.
Full
55. The engine can now be fully loaded to the manufacturers rated HP.
You watch the indicators and the controls to make sure that
no..develops.
Trouble / Problem
Preventive Maintenance
Engine operating efficiency can be
maintained for longer periods of time by
performing periodic engine checks at
least once every day.
57. The best source of information about engine operation is the Daily log
sheet which is prepared by the running the engine.
Operator
58. The daily log sheet also gives information about maintenance
performed on the engine.
The operator who makes out his Daily Log Sheet carefully gives a complete
history of the .
Engine
59. An engine needs little attention when it is new, but it must be checked
periodically to keep it operating.
Efficiently / Properly
60. The operator should check often enough to keep the fuel pressure
.enough for efficient operation.
High / Constant
61. The operator must also check the air pressure in a 2-cycle engine to be
sure that enough..is getting into the engine.
Air
62. Oil levels are checked to be sure that there is enough oil to reach all
moving parts.
The temperature of oil is checked periodically to assure that moving parts
are properly..
Lubricated
63.
64. Governors must be lubricated properly and must have enough oil for
hydraulic units to maintain proper control of the engines ..
Speed
65. Cooling system temperature show how well the engine is working.
These temperatures should be checked frequently to see that the engine is
not getting too
Hot
66. To assure continuous engine operation without malfunctions, the
operator should make the checks shown on the Daily Log Sheet and show
them in the .space when he makes the check.
Hour / Time
a.
The fuel valves are open, except the valve which lets gas into the
.line
Header
b.
c.
d.
e.
81.
a.
b.
Fuel
Fuel is cut off by .the main fuel valve.
Closing
c.
To burn any fuel left in the engine, the ignition should be
leftafter the fuel is cut off.
ON
d.