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Section A

Bahagian A

[60 marks]
[60 markah]

Answer all questions in this section.


Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini.

Table 2 shows the proton numbers of elements X, Y and Z.


Jadual 2 menunjukkan nombor proton bagi unsur X, Y dan Z.
Elements/
Unsur
X
Y
Z

Proton Numbers/
Nombor Proton
12
8
6

Table 2 / Jadual 2
a)

b)

Write the electron arrangement for atom X


Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi atom X
..
[1 mark]
X and Y react to form a compound
X dan Y bertindakbalas membentuk satu sebatian
i) What type of bond holds atom X and Y together?
Apakah jenis ikatan yang terbentuk antara atom X dan Y
.
[1 mark]
ii) What will happen to atom X during the formation of the compound with
atom Y? Explain why.
Apakah yang akan berlaku ke atas atom X semasa pembentukan sebatian
dengan atom Y ? Terangkan mengapa
...............
...............

[2 marks]
iii) Draw the electron arrangement of the compound formed in (b)(ii)
Lukiskan gambar rajah susunan electron bagi sebatian yang terbentuk di (b)(ii).

[2 marks]

iv) State one physical property of the compound formed


Nyatakan satu sifat fizik bagi sebatian yang terbentuk.
.................................
[1 mark]
c)

Z can react with Y to form a compound.


Z boleh bertindakbalas dengan Y untuk membentuk satu sebatian.
i)

What is the molecular formula of the compound formed?


Apakah formula molekul sebatian yang terbentuk?
.............
[1 mark]

ii)

What is the relative molecular mass of the compound in c(i).


[ Given that relative atomic mass Z = 12; Y= 16]
Apakah jisim molekul relatif sebatian yang terbentuk di (c)(i)
[ Diberi jisim molekul relatif Z = 12 ; Y = 16 ]

[ 1 mark]

iii)

Name another compound that has the same physical properties as the
compound formed.
Namakan satu sebatian lain yang mempunyai sifat fizik seperti sebatian yang
terbentuk.
.....
[ 1 mark]

2 Diagram 3.1 shows the set-up of apparatus for two types of cell.
(Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk dua jenis sel.)

Cell P

Cell Q

DIAGRAM 3.1

(a)

State the energy changes in cell P and cell Q.


(Nyatakan perubahan tenaga dalam sel P dan sel Q.)
Cell P:...
Cell Q:...
[2 marks]

(b)

Write the half-equation for the reaction that occurs at the magnesium rod in cell P.
(Tuliskan setengah persamaan bagi tindak balas yang berlaku di rod magnesium
dalam sel P.)

[2 marks]

(c)

Mark the direction of the flow of electrons in cell P.


(Tandakan arah aliran electron dalam Sel P)
[1 mark]

(d) (i)

What happens to the voltmeter reading when the magnesium rod in cell P is
replaced by zinc rod?
(Apakah yang berlaku kepada bacaan voltmeter apabila rod magnesium
dalam sel P digantikan dengan rod zink?)

[1 mark]

(ii)

Explain your answer in d(i).


(Terangkan jawapan anda di d(i).)

[1 mark]

(e)

(i)

Label the anode in cell Q. (Labelkan anod dalam sel Q)


[1 mark]

(ii)

What is observed at the copper anode in cell Q?

(Apakah yang diperhatikan pada anod kuprum dalam sel Q?)

[1 mark]
(f)

What happens to the intensity of colour of the solution in cell Q? Explain your
answer.
(Apakah yang berlaku kepada keamatan warna larutan dalam sel Q? Terangkan
jawapan anda..)

[2 marks]

Diagram 4 shows the steps in the preparation of copper (II) carbonate.


Rajah 4 menunjukkan langkah-langkah dalam penyediaan kuprum(II) karbonat.
Copper(II) oxide
Kuprum(II) oksida

Step I
Langkah I

Solution of salt X
Larutan garam X

+
sulphuric acid
asid sulfurik

Step II
Langkah II
+
solution Y
larutan Y

Copper(II) carbonate
Kuprum(II) karbonat

Diagram 4
Rajah 4
(a)

(b)

State the colour of copper (II) carbonate.


Nyatakan warna kuprum(II) karbonat.

[ 1 mark ]
Name salt X.
Namakan garam X

[ 1 mark ]

(c )

(i)

Suggest solution Y that is required to be added to solution of


salt X to produce copper(II)carbonate.
Cadangkan larutan Y yang perlu ditambah kepada larutan garam X untuk
menghasilkan kuprum(II) karbonat.
.
[ 1 mark ]

(ii)

Write an ionic equation for the formation of copper(II) carbonate.


Tuliskan persamaan ion bagi pembentukan kuprum(II) karbonat.

[ 1 mark ]

(d)

30 cm3 of 0.2 moldm-3 sulphuric acid reacts with excess copper(II) oxide.
30 cm3 asid sulfurik 0.2 mol dm-3 bertindak balas dengan kuprum(II) oksida
yang berlebihan.
(i)

Write the chemical equation for the reaction that takes place.
Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas yang berlaku.
.
[ 1 mark ]

(ii)

Calculate the mass of salt X that is produced


Hitungkan jisim garam X yang terhasil.
[ Given that relative atomic mass Cu=64 , S=32 ,O=16 ]
[ Diberi jisim atom relatif Cu=64 , S=32 ,O=16 ]

[ 3 marks ]
(e)

(i)

Describe briefly how you can convert copper(II) carbonate to


copper(II) oxide.
Huraikan secara ringkas bagaimana anda boleh menukarkan kuprum(II)
karbonat kepada kuprum(II)oksida.
.
[ 1 mark ]

(ii)

Write the chemical equation for the conversion in (e)(i).


Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi penukaran dalam (e)(i).
.
[ 1 mark ]

Diagram 5 shows the structural formulae of compounds X and Y.


Rajah 5 menunjukkan formula struktur sebatian X dan Y.

Compound/Sebatian X

Compound/Sebatian Y.

Diagram/Rajah 5
(a)

(i)

Write the molecular formula of compound X.


Tuliskan formula molekul bagi sebatian X.
.
[ 1 mark ]

(ii)

State the homologous series for compound X.


Nyatakan siri homolog bagi sebatian X.
.
[ 1 mark ]

(b)

In the Diagram 5, circle the functional group of compound Y.


Pada Rajah 5, bulatkan kumpulan berfungsi bagi sebatian Y.
[ 1 mark ]

(c)

Describe a chemical test to differentiate between compound X and compound Y.


Huraikan satu ujian kimia untuk membezakan antara sebatian X dan sebatian Y.
..
..
..
[3 marks]

(d)

Ester Z can be produced when compound X reacted with compound Y


Sebatian Z boleh dihasilkan apabila sebatian X bertindak balas dengan sebatian Y.
(i)

Write a chemical equation for this reaction.


Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas ini.
.........
[1 mark]

(ii)

Name ester Z.
Namakan ester Z.
.........
[1 mark]

(iii)

Draw the structural formula of ester Z


Lukiskan formula struktur ester Z.

[1 mark]
(iv)

State a special property of ester Z


Nyatakan satu sifat istimewa bagi ester Z.
.
[1 mark]

A student carried out two experiments to study a factor that affects the rate of reaction.
Diagram 6 shows the result for the experiment.
Seorang pelajar menjalankan dua eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan faktor yang
mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas. Rajah 6 menunjukkan keputusan bagi eksperimen itu.
Experiment
Eksperimen

Set-up apparatus for


the experiments
Susunan Radas
eksperimen

Temperature /
0
C
Suhu / 0C
Time taken for all
the magnesium
dissolved/ s
Masa yang diambil
untuk semua
magnesium
melarut /s

I
Excess
hydrochloric acid
Asid hidroklorik
berlebihan
1.5 g Magnesium ribbon
1.5 g pita magnesium

II
Excess
hydrochloric acid
Asid hidroklorik
berlebihan
1.5 g Magnesium ribbon
1.5 g pita magnesium

40

50

60

30

DIAGRAM / RAJAH 6

(a)

(i)

Name the gas released in the experiment above.


Namakan gas yang terbebas dalam eksperimen di atas.

[ 1 mark ]

(ii)

Write a chemical equation for the reaction between magnesium and


hydrochloric acid.
Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindakbalas antara magnesium dengan asid hidroklorik.
........
[ 2 marks ]

(iii)

Calculate the maximum volume of the gas released at room temperature in the
experiment.
[Relative atomic mass : Mg,24;
Volume of 1 mole of gas at room temperature = 24 dm3 ]
Hitung isipadu maksimum gas yang terbebas pada suhu bilik dalam eksperimen
tersebut.
[Jisim atom relatif : Mg,24;
Isipadu 1mol gas pada suhu bilik = 24 dm3 ]

[ 3 marks ]
(b)

Sketch the graph of the volume of gas released against time for Experiment I and Experiment
II on the same axes.
Lakarkan graf isipadu gas terbebas melawan masa bagi Eksperimen I dan Eksperimen II
pada paksi yang sama.

[ 2 marks ]
(c)

Calculate the average rate of reaction in cm3 s-1 for Experiment II.
Hitungkan kadar tindak balas purata dalam cm3 s -1 bagi Eksperimen II.

(d)

State another method to speed up magnesium dissolving in the hydrochloric acid.


Nyatakan satu kaedah lain bagi mempercepatkan magnesium melarut di dalam
hidroklorik.

[ 1 mark ]
asid

.........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

6(6
7 (a)

Diagram shows a label of food packages.


Rajah menunjukkan satu label pembungkus makanan.

(i)

(ii)

Name one food additive used in the ice cream.


Namakan satu bahan tambah makanan dalam ais-krim itu.

[1 mark]
State the function of food additive in (a)(i).
Nyatakan fungsi bahan dalam (a)(i).

[1 mark]

(iii)

Ethyl butanoate is an example of ester.


Draw the structural formula of ethyl butanoate.
Etil butanoat adalah satu contoh ester.
Lukiskan formula struktur bagi etil butanoat.

[1 mark]

(b)

Diagram shows the flow chart for the preparation of detergent R.


Rajah menunjukkan carta aliran untuk penyediaan detergen R.

(i)

(ii)

Name detergent R.
Namakan detergen R.
..
[1 mark]
State the process A and process B.
Nyatakan proses A dan proses B.
Process A :
Process B :
[2 marks]

(iii)

Based on the structure of detergent R, circle and label the hydrophilic part and
hydrophobic part.
Berdasarkan struktur detergen R, bulatkan dan labelkan bahagian hidrofilik
dan hidroforbik.

[2 marks]

(iv)

Give one example of additive in detergent.


Berikan satu contoh bahan tambah dalam detergen.

[1 mark]

(v)

State one advantage of using detergent as a cleaning agent compare to soap.


Nyatakan satu kelebihan menggunakan detergen sebagai agen pencuci
berbanding sabun.

[1 mark]
Section B
Bahagian B

[20 marks]
[20 markah]

Answer any one question from this section.


Jawab mana-mana satu soalan daripada bahagian ini.

(a)

The following information is about two solution of ethanoic acid.


Maklumat berikut adalah tentang dua larutan asid etanoik.

Solution A
Larutan A

Ethanoic acid dissolve in water.

: Asid etanoik dilarutkan dalam air

Solution B : Ethanoic acid dissolve in propanone


Larutan B

: Asid etanoik dilarutkan dalam propanon

Explain why dry blue litmus paper turns red in solution A and remain blue in
solution B.
Terangkan mengapa kertas litmus biru bertukar merah dalam larutan A dan kekal biru
dalam larutan B.

[4 marks]
(b)

In a titration, 22.00 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid is required to neutralise
25.00 cm3 of sodium hydroxide.
Dalam satu pentitratan 22.00 cm3 asid sulfuric 0.1 mol dm-3 diperlukan untuk
menuetralkan 25 cm3 larutan natrium hidroksida.

(i) Write the chemical equation of the reaction.


Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas ini.

(ii)

Calculate the concentration of sodium hydroxide used in this


experiment.
Hitung kepekatan larutan natrium hidroksida yang digunakan dalam
eksperimen ini.

[6 marks]
(c)

Describe the chemical tests that can be used to verify the cation and anion in
magnesium nitrate.
Huraikan ujian-ujian kimia yang boleh digunakan untuk mengenal kation dan anion
dalam magnesium nitrat.

[10 marks]
8

(a)

The following are the equations of two reactions:


Berikut adalah persamaan bagi dua tindak balas:

Reaction I

NaOH

Mg

HCl

NaCl

H2O

Tindak balas I

Reaction II

Zn(NO3)2

Mg(NO3)2

Zn

Tindak balas I I

Determine which reaction is a redox reaction. Explain your answer in term of


oxidation number.
Tentukan tindak balas manakah tindak balas redoks. Terangkan jawapan anda dari segi
nombor pengoksidaan.

[4 marks]
(b)

Diagram 8 shows two redox reactions that take place in test tubes P and Q.
Rajah 8, menunjukkan dua tindak balas redoks yang berlaku dalan tabung uji P dan
Q.

Chlorine
Klorin

Iron (II) sulphate

Potassium iodide

Ferum (II) sulfat

Test tube P

Kalium iodida

Test tube Q

Tabung uji P

Tabung uji Q

Diagram 8
Rajah 8

Write the ionic equation for the redox reaction in test tubes P and Q.
Tuliskan persamaan ion untuk tindak balas redoks dalam tabung uji P dan Q

[6 marks]
(c)
of carbon

Table 8 shows the observations of two experiments to determine the position


the reactivity series of metal.

kedudukan

Jadual 8 menununjukkan pemerhatian bagi dua eksperimen untuk menentukan


karbon dalam siri kereaktifan logam.

Experiment

Reactants

Observation

Carbon + oxide of metal P

A flame spreads to the whole mixture.


A brown residue is formed.

Karbon + oksida logam P

Nyalaan merebak ke ke seluruhan


campuran. Baki berwarna perang
terbentuk.

II

Carbon + oxide of metal


Q

No change
Tiada perubahan

Karbon + oksida logam Q

III

Carbon + oxide of metal


R

A glow spreads to the whole mixture.


A grey residue is formed.

Karbon + oksida logam R


Baraan merebak ke keseluruhan
campuran. Baki berwarna kelabu
terbentuk.

Table 8
Jadual 8

Based on observations in Table 8, arrange the reactivity of metals P, Q, and R


descending order. Explain your answer.
Suggest one metal for Q.

in

dalam

Berdasarkan pemerhatian dalam Jadual 8, susun kereaktifan logam-logam P, Q dan R


turutan menurun. Terangkan jawapan anda.
Cadangkan satu logam bagi Q.

[10 marks]

Section C
Bahagian C

[20 marks]
[20 markah]

Answer any one question from this section.


Jawab mana-mana satu soalan daripada bahagian ini.

(a)

Diagram 9 shows the energy level of Reaction I and II.


Rajah 9 menunjukkan aras tenaga bagi Tindaka balas I dan II.

Energy

Energy

Tenaga

Tenaga

Zn + CuSO4

CaCO3 + 2KNO3

H = -210 kJ mol-1
Ca(NO3)2 + K2CO3

H = +12.6 kJ mol-1

ZnSO4 + Cu

Reaction I

Reaction II

Tindak balas I

Tindak balas II

Diagram 9
Rajah 9

Based on Diagram 9, compare the energy level diagram in Reaction I


reaction II.

and

Berdasarkan Rajah 9, bandingkan gambar rajah tenaga dalam Tindak balas I


dan II.

[3 marks]

(b)
Table 9 shows the molecular formula and the heat of combustion for ethane
and
propane.
Jadual 9 menunjukkan formula molekul dan habe pembakaran bagi etana dan propana.

Alkane

Molecular Formula

Heat of combustion/ kJ mol-1

Alkana

Formula molekul

Haba Pembakaran/ kJ mol-1

C2H6

-1602

C3H8

-2202

Ethane
Etana

Propane
Propana

Table 9
Jadual 9

values of

Based on the information in Table 9, explain why there is a difference in the


the
heat of combustion between ethane and propane.

bagi etana

Berdasarkan maklumat dalam Jadual 9, terangkan mengapa nilai haba pembakaran


dan
propana berbeza.

[3 marks]
50 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid is reacted with 50.0 cm3 of 1.0 mol
dm
sodium
hydroxide solution. The change in temperature of the
mixture is 7 OC.
(c)

-3

Calculate the heat of neutralization for this reaction.


[ Specific heat capacity of solution = 4.2 J g-1 OC-1 ; Density of solution = 1 g
cm-3 ]
50 cm3 asid hidroklorik 1.0 mol dm-3 bertindak balas dengan 50.0 cm3 larutan natrium
hidroksida 1.0 mol dm-3 . Perubahan suhu campuran ialah 7 OC.
Hitungkan haba peneutralan bagi tindak balas ini
[ Muatan haba tentu larutan = 4.2 J g-1 OC-1 ; Ketumpatan larutan= 1 g cm-3 ]

[4 marks]
(d)

Describe a laboratory experiment to determine the heat of combustion of a


alcohol with a number of carbon atom per molecule less than

namely
four.

In your description, include a labeled diagram and the steps involved in the
calculation.
[Relative atomic mass: C =12, O =16, H = 1]
[Specific heat capacity of solution = 4.2 J g-1 OC-1 ; Density of solution = 1 g cm-3 ]
Terangkan eksperimen makmal untuk menentukan haba pembakaran bagi alkohol yang
dinamakan dengan bilangan atom karbon per molekul kurang daripada
empat. Dalam
penerangan anda sertakan gambar rajah berlabel dan
langkah pengiraan yang terlibat.
[Jisim atom relatif: C =12, O =16, H = 1]
[Muatan haba tentu larutan = 4.2 J g-1 OC-1 ; Ketumpatan larutan = 1 g cm-3 ]

[10 marks]

10

(a)

By using suitable examples, explain what are meant by empirical formula and
molecular formula.

(Dengan menggunakan contoh-contoh yang sesuai, terangkan apakah yang


dimaksudkan dengan formula empirik dan formula molekul).
[3 marks]
(b)

Caffeine in coffee has an empirical formula of C 4H5N2O. Given that the molar mass
of caffeine is 194 g mol -1, determine its molecular formula.
(Formula empirik bagi kafein yang terdapat dalam kopi adalah C 4H5N2O.
Tentukan formula molekul kafein jika jisim molar kafein ialah 194 g mol -1)
(Relative atomic mass: H,1 ; C,12; N,14; O,16)
[3 marks]

(c)

Metal X reacts actively with oxygen to form X oxide. Describe an experiment to


determine the empirical formula of X oxide. Your description should include the
calculations involved.
(Logam X bertindak balas cergas dengan oksigen untuk membentuk oksida X.
Huraikan bagaimana anda akan menjalankan eksperimen untuk menentukan
formula empirik oksida X. Huraian anda mestilah termasuk pengiraan yang
terlibat.)
(Relative atomic mass: O,16; X,65)
[11 marks]

(d)

Metal Y is below copper in the reactivity series. Can the same procedure in (c) be
used to determine the empirical formula of Y oxide? Explain your answer.
(Logam Y terletak di bawah kuprum dalam siri kereaktifan. Bolehkan kaedah yang
sama di (c) digunakan untuk menentukan formula empirik oksida Y? Terangkan
jawapan anda.)
[3 marks]

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