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Dutch and Flemish Renaissance painting

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For fifteenth century Dutch and Flemish painting, see Early Netherlandish painting.
Dutch and Flemish Renaissance painting represents the 16th century
response to Italian Renaissance art in the Low Countries. These artists,
who span from the Antwerp Mannerists and Hieronymus Bosch at the start
of the 16th century to the late Northern Mannerists such as Hendrik
Goltzius and Joachim Wtewael at the end, drew on both the recent
innovations of Italian painting and the local traditions of the Early
Netherlandish artists. Antwerp was the most important artistic centre in the
region. Many artists worked for European courts, including Bosch, whose
fantastic painted images left a long legacy. Jan Mabuse, Maarten van
Heemskerck and Frans Floris were all instrumental in adopting Italian
models and incorporating them into their own artistic language. Pieter
Brueghel the Elder, with Bosch the only artist from the period to remain
widely familiar, may seem atypical, but in fact his many innovations drew on
the fertile artistic scene in Antwerp.

The Fall of Icarus, now considered a copy of

Pieter Bruegel the Elder

Dutch and Flemish painters were also instrumental in establishing new subjects such as landscape painting and genre
painting. Joachim Patinir, for example, played an important role in developing landscape painting, inventing the compositional
type of the world landscape, which was perfected by Pieter Bruegel the Elder who, followed by Pieter Aertsen, also helped
popularise genre painting. From the mid-century Pieter Aertsen, later followed by his nephew Joachim Beuckelaer,
established a type of "monumental still life" featuring large spreads of food with genre figures, and in the background small
religious of moral scenes. Like the world landscapes, these represented a typically "Mannerist inversion" of the normal
decorum of the hierarchy of genres, giving the "lower" subject matter more space than the "higher".[1] Anthonis Mor was the
leading portraitist of the mid-century, in demand in courts all over Europe for his reliable portraits in a style that combined
Netherlandish precision with the lessons of Titian and other Italian painters.
Contents [hide]
1 Stylistic evolution
2 Painters
3 See also
4 Notes
5 References
6 Further reading

Stylistic evolution

[edit]

Italian Renaissance influences begin to show on Early Netherlandish painting around

1500, but in many ways the older style was remarkably persistent. Antwerp Mannerism
is a term for painters showing some Italian influence, but mainly continuing the style
and subjects of the older masters. Hieronymus Bosch is a highly individual artist,
whose work is strange and full of seemingly irrational imagery, making it difficult to
interpret.[2] Most of all it seems surprisingly modern, introducing a world of dreams
that seems more related to Gothic art than the Italian Renaissance, although some
Venetian prints of the same period show a comparable degree of fantasy. The
Romanists were the next phase of influence, adopting Italian styles in a far more
thorough way.
After 1550 the Flemish and Dutch painters begin to show more interest in nature and
beauty "in itself", leading to a style that incorporates Renaissance elements, but
remains far from the elegant lightness of Italian Renaissance art,[3] and directly leads
to the themes of the great Flemish and Dutch Baroque painters: landscapes, still lifes
and genre painting - scenes from everyday life.[2]
This evolution is seen in the works of Joachim Patinir and Pieter Aertsen, but the true
genius among these painters was Pieter Brueghel the Elder, well known for his
depictions of nature and everyday life, showing a preference for the natural condition

Hell, the right panel from the triptych

The Garden of Earthly Delights by
Hieronymus Bosch

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of man, choosing to depict the peasant instead of the prince.

The Fall of Icarus (now in fact considered a copy of a Bruegel work), although highly
atypical in many ways, combines several elements of Northern Renaissance painting.
It hints at the renewed interest for antiquity (the Icarus legend), but the hero Icarus is
hidden away in the background. The main actors in the painting are nature itself and,
most prominently, the peasant, who does not even look up from his plough when
Icarus falls. Brueghel shows man as an anti-hero, comical and sometimes
grotesque.[3]

Painters

[edit]

Pieter Aertsen
Simon Bening
Hieronymus Bosch
Pieter Brueghel the Elder
Pieter Brueghel the Younger
Joachim Beuckelaer
Joos van Cleve
Pieter Coecke van Aelst
Hieronymus Cock
Corneille de Lyon
Hans Eworth
Frans Floris
Maarten van Heemskerck
Caterina van Hemessen
Jan Sanders van Hemessen
Adriaen Isenbrant
Jan Mabuse van Gosaert
Anthonis Mor
Lucas van Leyden
Lambert Lombard
Quentin Matsys
Jan Mostaert
Bernard van Orley
Joachim Patinir
Frans Pourbus the Elder
Pieter Pourbus
Jan Provoost
Marinus van Reymerswaele
Jan van Scorel
Levina Teerlinc
Jacob van Utrecht

See also

History of Dutch and Flemish painting

Early Netherlandish (14001523)
Renaissance painting (15201580)
Northern Mannerism (15801615)
Dutch "Golden Age" painting (16151702)

Cornelis Aerentsz van der Dussen

by Jan van Scorel (c.1535) Panel,
Weiss Gallery, London

Flemish Baroque painting (16081700)

List of Dutch painters
List of Flemish painters

[edit]

Renaissance in the Netherlands

Northern Renaissance

Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Snyder, 409-412, 432-445

2. ^ a b Janson, H.W.; Janson, Anthony F. (1997). History of Art (5th, rev. ed.). New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. ISBN 0-81093442-6.
3. ^ a b Heughebaert, H.; Defoort, A., Van Der Donck, R. (1998). Artistieke opvoeding. Wommelgem, Belgium: Den Gulden Engel
bvba. ISBN 90-5035-222-7.

References

[edit]

Snyder, James. Northern Renaissance Art, 1985, Harry N. Abrams, ISBN 0-13-623596-4

Further reading

[edit]

Orenstein, Nadine M., ed. (2001). Pieter Bruegel the Elder: Drawings and Prints . The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
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ISBN 978-0-87099-990-1.
Categories: Dutch Renaissance Renaissance art Dutch art Flemish art

This page was last modified on 17 August 2014 at 22:35.

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