Port of Constantza-South/Container Terminal Project

Beams for Container Stacking

CHAPTER 5
BEAMS FOR CONTAINER STACKING

Port of Constantza-South/Container Terminal Project

Beams for Container Stacking

5. BEAMS FOR CONTAINER STACKING

5.1. Description of object

The stacking of containers in the store yard is to be in rows of six stacks each of four containers,
seated on reinforced concrete beams.
5.2. Types and dimensions of container beams
In consideration of the containers stacking arrangement, two types of bearing beams resulted to
be required:
- type A, current, sized 17,0 x 1,40 x 0,35 m, serving to support together the containers of two
adjacent rows;
- type B, at the margins, sized 17,0 x 0,70 x 0,35 m, serving to support the legs of containers from
the stacks at the margin of stacking yards, as well as those of the reefer containers of the C
zone .
5.3. Norms and standards
- STAS 10101/0A-77 Actions in constructions. Classification and grouping of actions for civil
and industrial works
- STAS 10107/20-90 Actions in constructions. Loads from wind force
- STAS 10101/21-92 Actions in constructions. Snow loads
- STAS 10107/0-90 Civil and Industrial Works. Calculation and structuring of elements
pertaining to concrete structures, reinforced concrete and pre-stressed concrete structures
- Practice Code for performance of concrete works, reinforced concrete and pre-stressed concrete
works, NE 012-99
5.4. Particulars of foundation soil
The foundation soil consists of a layer of recently placed fillings about 20 m thick, on the natural
seabed. The average particulars considered for calculations were:
E = 10.000 KPa (linear deformation modulus)
= 0,35 (Poissons coefficient)

Port of Constantza-South/Container Terminal Project

Beams for Container Stacking

5.5. Particulars of concrete

- strength grade of concrete: C 25/30 (fCK(cil) = 25 N/mm2)
- Rc = 18 N/mm2
- Rt = 1,25 N/mm2
- Eb = 32500 N/mm2
- = 0,2
- Gb = 0,4 Eb = 13000 N/mm2
5.6. Particulars of reinforcement
- Reinforcement type: PC 52 (STAS 438 89)
- Ra = 300 N/mm2
- Ea = 210.000 N/mm2
5.7. Loads
5.7.1. Permanent loads
- self weight,

b = 24 KN/m3

5.7.2. Variable loads

- loads given by the supported containers (quasi-permanent)
1,2 x (4 pc. x 406 KN/ pc. x 0,7) / 4 feet = 1,2 x 284,17 = 341 KN/foot.
0,7 coefficient of load variation
1,2 coefficient of load
- load from wind force (for exposed stack) STAS 10101/0-90
p vn c r g v c h z 0,5 KN / m 2

Vi = 0,5 KN/m2 x (6,096 x 2,89 x 4) = 40,3 KN

(load coefficients: 1,2 for the basic combination and 0,4 for the special combination)

Being distributed per each foot:- basic combination

- special combination

57,23 KN/ foot

19,09 KN/foot

- Snow load STAS 10101/21-92

p zn c zi c e g z 1,68 KN / m 2

Gday = (1,68 x 6,096 x 2,438) /4 = 6,25 KN

(load coefficients: 1,4 for the basic combination and 0,4 for the special combination)

Being distributed per each foot:- basic combination 6,25 KN/foot

- special combination 1,78 KN/foot

Port of Constantza-South/Container Terminal Project

Beams for Container Stacking

5.7.3. Exceptional loads (according to regulations P 100/92)

- seismic area E
- seismic intensity Ks = 0,12
- corner period Tc = 0,7
S r c r G K s r E r G 0,075 x 1137 85,3KN

Being distributed per one foot (in the special combination) : Fs = 101 KN/foot
5.8. Combination of loads
5.8.1. Basic combination
Pmax = 341,0 + 57,23 + 6,25 = 404,48 KN/foot
5.8.2. Special combination
Pmax = 284,17 + 19,09 + 1,78 = 305,04 KN/foot
5.9. Hypotheses for container stacking
5.9.1. Hypothesis I

Port of Constantza-South/Container Terminal Project

Beams for Container Stacking

5.9.2. Hypothesis II

5.9.3. Hypothesis III

Port of Constantza-South/Container Terminal Project

Beams for Container Stacking

5.9.4. Hypothesis IV

5.9.5. Hypothesis V

Port of Constantza-South/Container Terminal Project

Beams for Container Stacking

5.10. Results of calculations

The calculation of strains for the five load hypotheses were made by means of the COSMOS
program, based on finite elements.
The resulting maximum strains are as follows:
Mx = +1,7 x 105 Nm/m
Mx = -3,89 x 103 Nm/m
My = +3,18 x 105 Nm/m
My = -2,33 x 105 Nm/m
Qmax = 8,27 x 105 N/m
(Notations: x axis along the beam; y axis transverse the beam; + fiber stretched at the lower side; - fiber
stretched at the upper side)

5.11. Reinforcement of A type beams

The determination of size for the sections was made for the limit state of strength and the
resulting reinforcement elements are as follows:
- longitudinal bar at the lower part:
8 25 mm
- longitudinal bar at the upper part:
14 16 mm
- transverse bar at the lower part:
8 18 mm
- transverse bar at the upper part:
8 10 mm
- stirrups:
3 x 4 10 mm/m
- running down bars:
6 16 mm (out of the 14 above)
For B type beams, a sismilar reinforcement was considered, as their breadth is halved, same as the
loads in respect with those for beams type A.