BAHIR DAR UNIVERSITY FACULITY OF ENGINEERING

EITEX
Seminar On : Textile Dyeing Machine
BY:

SINTAYEHU TEDESSE
COURCE MANAGER: Prof. Dr.S.Kathirrvelu

Scope of Presentation
INTRODUCTION
FIBERS DYEING MACHINE
YARNS DYEING MACHINE
FABRICS DYEING MACHINE
GARMENTS DYEING MACHINE
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES

Textile dyeing:
Dyeing is the process of adding color to textile products like fibers, yarns, and
fabric.
Dyeing machine:
the machine which is used to dyeing or coloring of materials like yarn, fabric,
garment or any other materials is called dyeing machine.
Dyeing machines come in all shapes and sizes to accommodate the various forms
and quantities of textile materials.

Materials Dyed
Fibers
Stock dyeing
Flock dyeing

Yarns
Skein dyeing
Package dyeing
Beam dyeing

Fabrics
Piece dyeing
(woven, knitted and tufted
cloths)

Garments Garment
dyeing

Fiber dyeing machine

Knit dyeing machine

Yarn dyeing machine

Woven dyeing machine

DYEING MACHINES FOR LOOSE FIBRE

The goods hold in a conical pan with
perforated inward sloping sides
The fibers are gradually packed into the
pan,
The top plate prevents the dye solution
from flooding the top of the pack.
the pan fits onto a central pipe delivering
dye solution from the pump to the inside
of the fibre mass.
The entire pan or cage sits in an outer
container, also with a closed lid,

MACHINES FOR DYEING YARN

Hank dyeing machine

Features :
Machine is suitable for 98 c temperature
Automatic reversal device for the control of the flow direction
All oxidation outlets are provided with valves and dosing pump
Machine is suitable for vat dyeing and is provided with dye additional tank

Cont..
Package dyeing machines

Cones

Cylindrical packages

Cheeses

Tops

Cont..
Package dyeing machines
The cone or cheese obtained from winding will be

wound on to perforated cone having optimum size.

BASIC FEATURES OF YARN DYEING MACHINE
CREEL
OVERHEAD CRAIN
PRESSURE WASHER
CONES
CIRCULATION PUMP
REVERSAL FLOW
HEAT EXCHANGER
SERVICE TANK
CONTROL PANEL

Cont..
Package dyeing machines
Vertical dyeing machine

Cont..
Package dyeing machines

Beam dyeing machine

HT Beam Dyeing Machine

The perforated beam is initially wrapped with a non-absorbent non-woven

fabric before winding. This acts as a solution disperser and filter. As with other
types of package, the uniform winding of the yarn onto the beam is a
prerequisite for successful level dyeing.

MACHINES FOR DYEING FABRIC

Knit Dyeing Machine
Winch dyeing machine
Winch machine doesnt have liquor
circulation mechanism.
Work with high liquor ratio from 1:201:30.
Dye penetration is not assisted by
nozzle pressure,
Work relatively at lower temperature
and pressure.
Utilize much energy, chemical and
water.
Have a feature to directly to add
chemicals to the machine.

Winch dyeing machine

Advantage of Winch
Construction and operation if winch is
very simple.
The winch dyeing machines are
suitable for types of wet processing
operation from desizing to softening.
The tension exerted on winch is less
than jigger.
The appearance of the dyed goods is
clean and smooth on winch dyeing
machine.

Limitation of Winch
Batch dyeing operation need trimming,
sewing, opening out the rope, loading
and unloading for individual lots
separately.
Since several lengths of fabric are run
over the winch reel into the liquor and
sewn end to end, continuous length
processing is not possible in a single
batch.
Fabric is processed in rope form which
lead to create marks, particularly in
heavy, woven thin and light synthetic.
Most of the machine works under
atmospheric condition.

Knit Dyeing Machine

jet dyeing machine
Machine came into existence with a purpose to minimize the
drawback of earlier machines like winch, jigger and beam dyeing
units

jet dyeing machine

Advantages

Disadvantages

Dyeing time is short compare to beam

dyeing

dyed in rope form so there is a risk of

Production is high compare to beam dyeing

machine

entanglement

Low consumption of water

Equipment and maintenance costs are high.

Can be easily operated at high temperature

and pressure.

Chance for crease formation.

Comparatively low LRs, typically b/n 1:4 and

1:20

Foaming can be a problem.

Fabrics are handle carefully and gently.

MAIN PART
Auto clave

Winch roller

Dyeing tank

Nozzle

Heat exchanger

Steam pipe

Reserve tank

Drain valve

jet dyeing machine

1. dyestuffs & auxiliaries
feeding container

2. heat exchanger
3. Pump for the circulation
of the liquor
4. High pressure pipework

5. Dyeing drum
6. winch roller

Schematic diagram of jet dyeing machine

jet dyeing machine

Types of Jet Dyeing machine
Overflow dyeing machine
Soft flow dyeing machine
Airflow dyeing machine

Development in jet dyeing

1. Soft flow-slow motion of fabric. Suitable for knitted fabric.
2. Super jet dyeing machine MLR 1:1
3. Aerodynamics jet dyeing machine.
Jet created by mixture of air + water
4. Multi nozzle soft flow jet dyeing machine

Limitation jet dyeing machine

High initial investment and maintenance cost
Limited accessibility during the dyeing process.
Foam forming substance are to be avoided.
Any roughness of the inside surface cause damage to cloth.
In case of cloth breakage, rethreading is complicated.

Woven Dyeing Machinery

Jigger Dyeing Machines
Feature
Atmospheric (upto98oC) and HT
Economical dyeing and low liquor
ratio
Fabric tension 50-800N
Fabric speed max 10-150m/min
Fabric width max 5400mm
Roller width max 5600mm
Figure this jigger

Jigger dyeing machine

An efficient dyeing techniques.
It is also known by the name of jigger.
The open-width fabric passes from one
roller
through the dyebath at the bottom of
the machine and then onto a driven
take-up
roller on the other side. When all the
fabric has passed through the bath, the
direction is reversed (Figure 12.4). Each
passage is called an end. Dyeing always
involves an even number of ends.

Semi-Continuous Dyeing Machine

Pad batch dyeing machine

It is one fo the widely used techniques

It is mainly used in the dyeing of cellulosic fiber like cotton or
viscose(woven) with reactive dyes.
The characteriticss of this machine is simple and flexible and a
substantial reduction in capital investment for equipment.

Semi-Continuous Dyeing Machine

Pad jig process
Pad-roll process
This process is generally used as a
dyeing technique.
In this process the fabric passes
through a padding machine where
it is impregnated with the dyeing
bath, then the dyestuff is fixed on a
jigger.
Sometimes the fabric can be dried
in a hot-flue drier after padding,
before entering the jigger.
The application of the dyestuff by
padding allows for homogeneous
dyeing and time saving when
compared to traditional jigger
dyeing processes.

This process is similar to padbatch, but in this case the

fabric, after padding, passes
through an infrared oven.
It is then rolled and kept in
slow rotation in a hot steam
chamber until fixation.

Special feature of pad dyeing processes

Significant cost and reduction as compared to other
conventional dyeing process.
Excellent wet fastness properties
A uniform dyeing quality is achieved with even color absorbency
and color fastness.
As compare to rope dyeing, pad batch dyeing produces much
lower defect levels.
In pad batch dyeing, quality like high shade reliability and
repeatability are common. This is because of high reactivity dye
with rapid fixation rate and stability.

Continuous dyeing processes

Continuous dyeing has been found to most suitable for woven

fabric.
The textile substrates are feud continuously into a dye
range.
There are mainly three types:
Pad-steam process
Pad-dry process
Thermosol process

Continuous dyeing processes

Continuous dyeing processes can be divided into four stages:
1. dye application by padding
2. dye fixation, usually in hot air or steam
3. washing-off of unfixed dye and auxiliary chemicals
4. drying, usually on steam-heated cylinders

1. Pad steam process

This techniques is mainly used for dyeing. It is particularly suitable for the
application of direct, vat, sulpher and reactive dyestuffs.
the fabric is padded with the dye solution with 60-80oC
Then fabric is passed through drying chamber.
After chamber the fabric is padded with (NaOH+salt)
Then the fabric is passed through a chamber at 102oC for 30sec. Then fabric is
washed in open width washer.

2. Pad dry process

Fabric is first padded in a
padder .
Padded fabric then passed
through a squeezing roller into a
dryer. As a dryer cylinder,
stenter etc.
After drying fabric is washed in
a washing machine to remove
unfixed dye.

3. Thermosol process
Thermosol method is continuous method of dyeing with disperse
dye.
Here dyeing is performed at high temperature like 180-220oC in a
close vessel.
Here time of dyeing should be maintained very carefully to get
required shade and to retain required fabric strength.

Garment dyeing machine

Unlike fabric dyeing machines where rollers and jets are employed in
transporting the fabric through out the machine and liquor.
Garment dyeing machine require special arrangements to move garments
through the liquor continuously.

Garment Dyeing Machines

Paddle and rotary drum machines.

Rotary drum machines are sometimes preferred for garments.which
require gentler handling, such as sweaters.
A high liquor ratio is required for paddle machines, which is less
economical and may limit shade reproducibility.

Types of Garment dyeing machine

Paddle

Rotary

Garment dyeing machine and their principle

Type of construction

Types of liquor and garment movement

Paddling machine

Mechanical arrangement like paddle,

drum.
Hydrodynamically by adjustable jets
Hydrodynamic circulating dyeing
machines with so called floating liquor
circulation principle.
Jets are used.

Drum machine
Washing centrifugal
machines
Jet dyeing centrifugal
machines

Conclusion
The textile dyeing machineries have been
developed in a variety way to dyeing the textile
substrates like that of fiber, yarn, fabric and
garment. The development of these machines
are bring the sector become leading in the world
among other industry. Also machine become
more automated, thereby reduce labor but its
has some drawback for the developing
countries.

Reference
www.slideshare.com
www.taxtilelearner.com
www.textilefshion2.com
www.educationacadamia.com
Arthur, D Broadbent (2001) Basic Principles of
Textile Coloration Society of Dyers and Colourists.

Thank You
Very
Much!!