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4h,i,j,k,l,m,n
Chapter 6
Work, energy and power
Worksheet
Worked examples
Practical: Gravitational potential energy to
kinetic energy transformation
End-of-chapter test
Marking scheme: Worksheet
Marking scheme: End-of-chapter test
Worksheet
acceleration of free fall g = 9.81 m s2
Intermediate level
1
2
3
4
5
[1]
[2]
[2]
[2]
[3]
[2]
[2]
Higher level
7
A ball of mass 800 g is dropped from a height of 5.0 m and rebounds to a height
of 3.8 m. The air resistance is negligible. Calculate:
a
[2]
[3]
[1]
rope
[2]
35 kg
[1]
1.5 m
B
0.80 m
Extension
9
[3]
53
10 The diagram shows a 50 kg crate being dragged by a cable up a ramp that makes
an angle of 24 with the horizontal.
cable
ramp
350 N
30
crate
24
The crate moves up the ramp at a constant speed and travels a total distance of 20 m
up the ramp. Determine the magnitude of the friction between the crate
and the surface of the ramp.
[6]
Total: Score:
34
54
Worked examples
Example 1
In a competition, a weightlifter can raise a log of weight 980 N to a height of 2.0 m in
1.5 s. Calculate the rate of work done against gravity.
work done, W = Fx
P=
W Fx
=
t
t
P=
980 2.0
= 1307 1.3 103 J s1
1.5
(1.3 kW)
Example 2
In a fairground ride, a 300 kg carriage runs downhill through a vertical distance of 48 m.
The final kinetic energy of the carriage is 40% of its initial gravitational potential
energy. Determine the final speed v of the carriage.
carriage
48 m
1 2
mv = 5.65 104
2
v=
2 5.65 104
= 19.4 19 m s1
300
Tip
The actual mass of the carriage is not needed. You can do the question as follows:
Ek = 0.40 Ep
1 2
mv = 0.40mgh
2
55
Practical
Gravitational potential energy to kinetic energy
transformation
Safety
There are not likely to be any major hazards in carrying out this experiment. However,
teachers and technicians should always refer to the departmental risk assessment before
carrying out any practical work.
Apparatus
1 m ramp
clamp stand
light gate
digital timer
trolley with a 10 cm card
metre rule
Introduction
In this experiment, you will investigate the transfer of gravitational potential energy to
kinetic energy for a trolley rolling down a ramp.
Procedure
The transfer of gravitational potential energy to kinetic energy is discussed in detail on
pages 62 and 63 of Physics 1.
ramp
light gate
to digital
timer
trolley
1
2
3
0.10
m s1
t
Determine the loss of gravitational potential energy Ep of the trolley and its final
1
kinetic energy Ek at the bottom of the ramp. (Reminder: Ep = mgh and Ek = 2 mv 2.)
Repeat the experiment for different heights h and record your results in a table.
h (m)
t (s)
v (ms1)
Ep (J)
Ek (J)
Plot a graph of Ek against Ep. Draw a straight line of best fit. Determine the
gradient of the line. What does the gradient represent? Explain why the gradient
is not equal to one?
56
End-of-chapter test
Answer all questions.
acceleration of free fall g = 9.81 m s2
[2]
[1]
[4]
[1]
A 20 kg box is lifted from the floor to a shelf 2.1 m above the floor.
i
[2]
ii
The box accidentally falls off the shelf. Assuming that air resistance is
negligible, calculate the speed of the box just before it hits the ground.
[3]
60 kg
8.0 m s1
Calculate the kinetic energy of the skateboarder at the bottom of the ramp.
[2]
[3]
Total: Score:
18
57
Marking scheme
Worksheet
1
2
Work done = force distance moved in the direction of the force [1]
Energy transferred = work done by the force
energy transferred = Fx = 80 7.0 [1];
Ek =
1 2
mv
2
Ek =
1
900 182 [1];
2
Meteor: E k =
Jogger: E k =
1
1
mv 2 = 0.010 50002 1.3 106 J [1]
2
2
1
1
mv 2 = 65 5.02 810 J [1]
2
2
The meteor has greater kinetic energy than the jogger. [1]
Ep = mgh
Ep = 9.0 9.81 3.5 [1]; Ep = 309 310 J [1]
P=
W
t
P=
309
[1];
60
P 5.2 W [1]
Final gravitational energy after bounce = 0.800 9.81 3.8 = 29.8 J [1]
Ek = 29.8 J
1
0.800 v 2 = 29.8 [1]
2
v=
2 29.8
8.6 m s1 [1]
0.800
Ep = mgh
Ep = 35 9.81 (1.5 0.80) [1]
Ep 240 J [1]
1 2
mv = mgh
2
v2 = 2gh = 2 9.81 (1.5 0.80) [1]
v 3.7 m s1 [1]
c
58
There is no distance moved in the direction of the tension in the rope. Hence,
no work is done by the tension. [1]
1
0.030 2002 [1]
2
0.030 2002
5.0 104 N (50 kN) [1]
2 0.12
10
20 m
20 sin 24
24
2.07 103
= 104 N 100 N [1]
20
59
Marking scheme
End-of-chapter test
1
Power is work done per unit time. [1] The unit of power is the watt, W. [1]
Kinetic energy =
Ek =
1
mv 2
2
Ek =
1
1100 182 [1];
2
P=
1
mass speed2 [1]
2
W 1.78 105
=
[1]
t
25
The joule is the work done (or the energy transferred) when a force of 1 N
moves a distance of 1 m in the direction of the force. [1]
ii
Ek = 412 J [1]
1
20 v2 = 412 [1];
2
Ek =
1 2
mv
2
Ek =
1
60 8.02 [1];
2
v 6.4 m s1 [1]
h 2.3 m [1]
60