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Distinguish between vector and scalar quantities, and give examples of each.
Vectors have magnitude and direction. Examples include displacement, velocity,
acceleration, force, etc.
Scalars have magnitude only. Examples include distance, speed, mass,
temperature, time, etc.
A + B
2. Shift B parallel to itself until its beginning touches the end of A (tip to tail) .
Join the beginning of A to the end of B to produce the vector sum (A + B).
A + B
Another notation for vectors = AB, where A and B are points in space and AB
represents the vector that begins at A and ends at B.
AB = -BA
C
DB = DA + DC
DC = AB
DB = DA + AB
A
E
D
AC = AE + EB + BD + DF + FC
e.g. Add together the following two vectors using a scale drawing: 100 u E + 50
u NE (45)
(length-138.5 u; angle=14.2 - using a protractor)
e.g. A triangle ABC is given. If D and E are the midpoints of AB and AC, show that
DE is half the length of BC.
A
DE = DA + AE
DA = BA
D
E
AE = AC
B
DE = (BA+AC)
DE = BC
e.g. A velocity vector of magnitude 1.2 m s-1 is horizontal. A second velocity vector
of | 2 m s-1 | must be added to the first so that the sum is vertical in direction. What
is the direction of the vector and what is the magnitude of the sum?
measure vertical (mag. of sum) = 1.93 m s-1
= 25
2.0
1.2
ay = a sin
ax = a cos
e.g. Find the vector components for vectors A and B if their magnitudes are 10 u
and 20 u, respectively.
Ax = -10cos45 = -7.07
Ay = -10sin45 = -7.07
= 45
= 30
Bx = 20cos30 = 17.3
A
B
By = -20sin30 = -10
A = 12 units at 30 to the +x axis; B = 8 units at 80 to the +x axis. Using the
graphical method, determine the following vectors: a) A + B b) A - B
c)
A - 2B
2. A person walks 5 km E, 3 km N, 2 km NE. How far and in what direction relative
does the starting point does the person travel? (7.8 units, at 34)
3. Determine the magnitude and direction of the vectors with the following
components:
a. Ax = -4 cm; Ay = -4 cm
b. Ax = 124 km; Ay = -158 km
c. Ax = 0; Ay = -5 m
4. The displacement vector of a moving object has initial components rx = 2 and ry
= 2. After a certain time the displacement vector has rx = 4 and ry = 8. What
vector represents the change?
1.