Prospect of East Indonesia for

Jatropha Plantation:
A Case Study in East Flores
BY:
MIFTAHUDIN AND HAMIM

UNIT FOR COMMERCIAL SERVICE AND INDUSTRY

BOGOR AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
2008
 Introduction

Fossil based energy crisis

Decrease oil stock
Increase oil price

Alternative energy Biofuel

Jatropha curcas L
Jatropha produces oil from the seed

Jatropha oil is:

non-edible oil
an alternative energy  biodiesel
renewable

Jatropha plant is adaptable to

marginal land
dry climate
Current situation of Jatropha in Indonesia

No significant area of Jatropha plantation

No standard seed and oil prices

Less profitable than other crops

Less competitive
East part of Indonesia has
Planned
Wide area of marginal land Locations
Area (Ha)
Dry climate Bali 350
Agriculture based economic NTB 1,824
activity
NTT 514,930
Need to be developed Sulawesi 93,254
Maluku 25
Papua 393,070
Objective of the study

to study the technical feasibility of East Flores for

Jatropha plantation
Location of East Flores District

Position
- North : 80, 04’ S
- South : 80, 40’ S
- East : 1230,57’ E
- West : 1220,38’ E

Boundaries
- North : Flores Sea
- South : Sawu Sea
- East : Lembata District
- West : Sikka District
Location of East Flores
District
 The area of East Flores
Location Area (Ha)

Wulan gintang 30,449

Titehena 21,170
Tanjung Bunga 343,416
Ile Mandiri 7,424
Larantuka 13,328
Solor Barat 15,068
Solor Timur 7,566
Wotan Ulu Mado 7,581
Adonara Barat 11,396
Adonara Timur 10,894
Ile Boleng 5,139
Witihama 7,797
Kelubagolit 9,157
Jatropha cultivation in East Flores

No Jatropha plantation
Found Jatropha in several locations
Jatropha is planted as a fence
 Land condition in several locations
Altitude
No Location Topography pH Slope Notes
(m asl)
Hilly – near 40 %
1 Kawalelo 1 4,9-5,4 55
sea
2 Kawalelo 2 Field 4,2-5,6 15 % 40
Peanut,
3 Watowara-Lato 1 Flat 5,5-6,5 < 15 % 25
rice
4 Watowara 2 Flat after hill 6,1 < 15 % 31
Watowara-
5 Very flat 5,8 < 15 % 55
Menanga Lato 3
6 Tenawahang Flat 5,2 < 15 % 90
Flat until
7 Brupak-Lewolaga 6,0 < 15 % 20
waves
Flat until
8 Nobo-Nobokonga 4,8 < 15 % 18
waves
9 Nobo 2 Flat 5,8 < 15 % 25
 Soil fertility in several locations
Nutrient Status
Criteria
Kawalelo 1 Watowara 1 Tenawahang 1

C-Organic Low Moderate Low

N Low Moderate Low
C/N ratio Moderate Moderate Moderate
Available P2O5 Low Low Very High
Available K2O Very High Very High Very High
Cation Exchange Capacity Moderate High High
Cation Components
Ca High Very High Very High
Mg Very High High High
K High Moderate Very High
Na Low Low Low
pH H2O Neutral Neutral Neutral
 Locations
Criteria Brupa Nobo
Watowara 2 Watowara 3
Lewolaga Konga 2
C-Organic Low Moderate Very Low Low
N Low Low Low Low
C/N ratio Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate
Available P2O5 Low Very High Low Moderate
Available K2O Very High Very High Very High Very High
Cation Exchange Capacity High High High Low
Cation Components
Ca Very High Very High Very High Low
Mg High High High Low
K High Moderate High Moderate
Na Moderate Low Moderate Very Low
Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate
pH H2O
Acid Acid Acid Acid
Land Feasibility Map of East Flores
Land Use Map of East Flores
Land Slope Map of East Flores
Altitude Map of East Flores
Protected and Cultivated Area of East Flores
 Annual rainfall in East Flores
Rainfall
Location Rainy Days
(mm/year)
Boru : Wulanggitang + ile bura 4421 81
Lewolaga : Titehena 4427 65
Waiklibang : Tanjung bunga 1847 56
Larantuka: 691 62
Riangkemie: lewolema 360 62
Ritaebang: 2060 63
Menanga 1748 110
Walwadan 2186 77
Baniona 1635 45
Walwerang 1251 73
Senadan 843 70
Klubagolit 1212 71
Watihama 1120 75
 Monthly rainfall in several locations
Maonthly Rainfall (mm)
Month Watowara; Menanga; Nobo;
Kawalelo
Lewolaga Nobokonga
January 268 2471 2083
February 184 1517 1405
March 157 343 346
April 18 37 121
May - 2 26
June - - -
July - - -
August - - -
September - - -
October - - -
November - - -
December - - 0
 Dry and Wet Months
Dry Month Wet Month
Location
(<100 mm) (>100 mm)
Boru : kec. Wulanggitang + ile bura 7 5
Lewolaga : kec. Titehena 9 3
Waiklibang : kec. Tanjung bunga 8 4
Larantuka: kec. Larantuka+Demon
9 3
pagon+Ile mandiri
Riangkemie: kec. Lewolema 12 0
Ritaebang: 8 4
Menanga 8 4
Walwadan 7 5
Baniona 7 5
Walwerang 7 5
Senadan 7 5
Klubagolit 7 5
Watihama 8 4
Monthly relative humidity in East Flores
Relative Humidity (%)
No Month
Min Average Max
1 January 85 89 94
2 February 79 87 95
3 March 72 86 94
4 April 80 87 95
5 May 75 81 91
6 June 50 80 92
7 July 68 79 88
8 August 50 89 92
9 September 44 65 91
10 October 51 70 91
11 November 58 72 90
12 December 59 76 98
 Monthly temperature in East Flores
Temperature
No Month
Min Average Max
1 January 24.2 27.0 30.5
2 February 23.8 27.4 30.2
3 March 24.8 27.4 31.1
4 April 23.9 27.2 31.1
5 May 23.3 27.3 31.8
6 June 22.4 26.7 32.6
7 July 21.5 26.8 31.4
8 August 20.8 25.8 31.6
9 September 19.6 31.0 31.3
10 October 22.4 27.2 32.1
11 November 23.4 29.0 34.1
12 December 24.0 28.9 33.1
 Land and climate requirements for Jatropha
(Any Mulyani et al 2006)

Dry Wet
Annual
Land Altitude Month Month Limiting Land Climate
Rainfall
Feasibility (m ) <100 >100 Factor Suitability Map Type
(mm)
mm) mm
Annual to
1000- perennial
< 400 4-5 4-5 II-B, II-C
2000 plants for
dry climate
S1 (Most
Feasible) Annual to
perennial
2000- plants for
<400 5-6 <6 III-A
3000 dry climate

Annual to
1000- Water perennial
< 400 6-8 <4 II-A
2000 Availability plants for
S2 dry climate
(Feasible) Solar Annual to
2000- Radiation perennial
<400 5-6 III-B
3000 moderately plants for
limited dry climate
 Land and climate requirements for Jatropha

Dry Wet
Annual
Land Altitude Month Month Limiting Land Climate
Rainfall
Feasibility (m ) <100 >100 Factor Suitability Map Type
(mm)
mm) mm
Annual to
Water perennial
<700 <1000 >8 <2 I-A, I-B, I-C
Availability plants for
dry climate
Solar
S3 (Less
2000- Radiation
Feasible) <700 3-4 6-8 III-C
3000 moderately
limited
Solar
3000-
3 7-9 Radiation IV-C
4000
very limited
Solar
3000- IV-A, IVB,
>700 <2 7-11 Radiation
4000 IV-D
N (Not very limited
Feasible) Solar
VA-D
>700 >4000 <2 7-12 Radiation
VIA-D
very limited
Studies in other parts of east Indonesia such as
in Bali, West and East Nusa Tenggara showed:

Similar annual rainfall, temperature and humidity

Wide marginal land with similar soil nutrient status
Similar land condition
Jatropha plant grow well
 Conclusions

East Flores soils and climate is suitable for Jatropha

The location grouped in S2 class feasibility
Water should be provided during dry seasons
Mulitple cropping with annual crops, such as peanut,
soybean, and soyabean, is recommended
In general, East Part of Indonesia has potential to be
developed for Jatropha plantation
 The ecology of Jatropha

rainfall : 300-1,200 mm per annum

altitude : 0-500 m asl.
optimum temperature : 20oC - 26oC
soil acidity of 5.0-6.5,