Curriculum Vitae

Prof Malcolm E MOLYNEUX

MA MB BChir MD FRCP FMedSci OBE
Date of birth: 20 11 1943
Nationality: British
Country of residence: Malawi Jan-Sept 2015; thereafter UK

Academic qualifications
MA St Catharines College Cambridge, UK, June 1968
MB, BChir St Catharines College Cambridge, UK, June 1968
MRCP(UK) Royal College of Physicians, London, Feb 1971
MD University of Cambridge, UK, June 1985
FRCP Royal College of Physicians, London, Dec 1985
FMedSci Academy of Medical Sciences, London (Founder) July 1997

Distinctions
Open Scholarship, St Catharines College, Cambridge, 1965
First Class, Cambridge University Tripos, 1967
Essay Prize, Birmingham 1970: National Sickness Service.
Invited founder member of Academy of Medical Sciences, London, 1997
Deans Medal, University of Liverpool, 1998
OBE UK New Year Honours, January 2007
Sir Rickard Christophers Medal, Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and
Hygiene, London June 2009

Appointments
1968-70: Pre-registration and SHO posts, Medicine, London, Gloucester and
Birmingham
1971-72: Registrar, Liver Unit (Dame Sheila Sherlock), Royal Free Hospital, London
1972-73: Registrar, Communicable Diseases (Dr David Tyrrell), Northwick Park
Hospital, London
1974-1984: Medical Specialist, Government of Malawi
1984-93: Senior Lecturer and Hon Consultant Physician, University of Liverpool and
Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine
1993 Dec 2008: Professor of Tropical Medicine, University of Liverpool and
Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine
2009 current: Emeritus Professor of Medicine, University of Liverpool, UK.
[Resident in Malawi 1974-1984 and 1995-2015 (ongoing)]:
1995-July 2007:
- Director, Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme (MLW)
(a Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme), College of Medicine, University of
Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi.
- Co-Director, Wellcome Trust Tropical Centre, University of Liverpool
1995-2011:
Hon consultant physician and Professor of Medicine, College of Medicine, University
of Malawi 2007-2012:

Hon Senior Clinical Scientist, MLW, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi, 20072015 (ongoing)

Other appointments
Founding Editor, Medical Quarterly (Journal of the Medical Association of Malawi)
1978-1984 (now Malawi Medical Journal)
Editor, Tropical Doctor (Royal Society of Medicine, London) 1986-94
Editor-in-Chief, Malawi Medical Journal, 1997-present
Chair, Editorial Board of Tropical Doctor, 2008-present
WHO Expert Advisory Panel on Malaria, 1993-2009 (renewed Feb 2007)
WHO Monitor, Field Trials of SPf66 malaria vaccine:
Tanzania 1992
The Gambia 1993
Thailand 1993
Chair, Independent Data Monitoring Committee (formerly Data & Safety Monitoring
Board) for RTS,s malaria vaccine trials(GSK and Malaria Vaccine Initiative) 19992015 (ongoing)
Chair, National Malaria Technical Committee Research Working Group, Ministry of
Health, Malawi, 2001-2011
Member, Scientific Advisory Panel, AMANET (African Malaria Network Trust),
2002-2008
Member, Board of Trustees of the REACH Trust, Lilongwe, Malawi 2003-2010
Member, Board of Trustees of JOSHUA, Blantyre, Malawi 2006-2012
Member, Expert Scientific Advisory Committee (ESAC), Consortium for National
Health Research (CNHR), Kenya, January 2009-2015 (ongoing)
Member, Global Health Network Group of the Academy of Medical Sciences,
London, January 2009-2014 (ongoing)
Deputy Chair, Board of the Worldwide Antimalarial Resistance Network (wWARN),
January 2009-2015 (ongoing)
Member, WHO Joint Technical Expert Group (JTEG) Malaria Vaccines in Pivotal
Phase 3 Trials and Beyond, March 2009-2015 (ongoing)
Member WHO Nutrition Guidance Expert Advisory Committee (NUGAG) - 20092011

Recent activities
In 1995 I moved to Malawi to initiate and direct the Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome
Trust Clinical Research Programme (MLW), based in the College of Medicine,
University of Malawi. I continued to be on the payroll of the University of Liverpool
(Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine), through which most grants to MLW from
The Wellcome Trust have been channelled. Prof R Heyderman took over as Director
of MLW in August 2007, and I continued to work in MLW and the College of
Medicine as Senior Clinical Scientist and Professor of Clinical Medicine.
MLW aims to apply good science to the study of diseases of local importance in
Malawi, in the place where they occur, and in so doing to build local and international
capacity in health research and to contribute to national health policy development.
International Fellowships and grants (listed below) from The Wellcome Trust,
together with extensive support from the University of Liverpool and LSTM through

the Liverpool-based Wellcome Trust Tropical Centre have enabled MLW to

contribute to international tropical disease research. The portfolio has included several
studies in malaria, HIV-related bacterial infections (including tuberculosis), viral
infections, pregnancy, severe anaemia and common paediatric syndromes.
Building local research capacity is one of MLWs principal objectives. Being part of
the national medical school (the College of Medicine, COM) allows MLW to achieve
this in several ways:
By involving local staff, graduates and students in MLW research projects planning, conducting, recording, analysis and writing-up;
By instruction in specific skills on site in Malawi:
- weekly tutorials for science graduates
- weekly Research in Progress seminars
- courses in Laboratory Safety, Quality Control, Research Ethics, HIV
counselling and laboratory skills
- regular commitment of MLW clinical research Fellows to clinical service
in combination with teaching in under- and post-graduate disciplines;
By supporting formal training programmes for individuals including, (by 2007):
14 clinical graduates fully supported (1-3 years) for combined clinical and
research training in the Department of Medicine or Department of Paediatrics; 12
PhD programmes; 9 Masters studentships; and numerous local certificate and
diploma courses; [numbers in all of these categories have increased steadily from
2007-2014]
By supporting Malawian scientists to obtain their own research funds. By 2007,
three Wellcome Trust Training Fellowships and numerous project grants have
been generated and held by Malawian graduates [and many more since 2007]
The Wellcome Trust has provided a grant of ~300,000 to support MLWs
training programme during the period 2004-2008 [subsequently renewed and
increased].
Teaching.
I travelled twice each year to Liverpool for a week to teach on the Diploma in
Tropical Medicine & Hygiene at the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, giving
six lectures on each course. At these visits I also supported and supervised Malawian
graduates who were conducting part of their research training in Liverpool. Medical
students from COM regularly undertake elective periods in Oxford through a scheme
developed in 2003. Undergraduate students commonly came from UK to Malawi for
their elective periods, when I assisted them to get involved in local medical work and
in research projects.
I teach undergraduates and graduates of the College of Medicine in regular meetings
of the Departments of Medicine and Paediatrics, in Research in Progress weekly
meetings and in Grand Rounds of the national Teaching Hospital, and in the process
of conducting clinical research projects.
Clinical practice.
Until May 2011, I took part in the on-call rota of the Department of Medicine of
the College of Medicine, Blantyre, heading a clinical team of registrars, interns and
clinical officers, admitting and managing adult patients with a variety of clinical
conditions. These admissions also served as teaching opportunities for local
undergraduates and graduates, and for instruction of international participants on the
Tropical Medicine in Practice course that we ran for one month each year.

International Meetings / Conferences

invited participant/speaker. (This list includes only 2004 - 2011):
2004
20 April 04 Roll Back Malaria Workshop, Ministry of Health, Lilongwe. Invited
participant.
18 June 04 University of Liverpool-GSK-WHO meeting to discuss development of
Isoquine as new antimalarial drug London. Invited participant.
6-8 July 04 Meeting of International Gates Malaria Partnership - Malaria Alert
Centre, Blantyre. Invited participant.
25-27 July 04 - Joint meeting of American Society of Veterinary Parasitologists and
American Society of Parasitologists, Philadelphia, USA. Invited speaker.
6-8 August 04 Meeting of Malaria Vaccine Initiative + GSK to discuss trial of
RTS,s-ASO2 malaria vaccine in Manhica Maputo, Mocambique. Invited
participant.
10-13 August 04 panel of Gates Grand Challenges programme, to review and
adjudicate proposals - Boston, USA. Invited panellist.
1 October 04 Meeting of National Malaria Control Programme Zomba, Malawi.
Invited delegate.
13-15 October 04 Annual Meeting of MLW KuChawe Inn, Zomba. Organizer,
Chair and participant.
25-26 October 04 Malaria Vaccine Meeting (The Wellcome Trust & Bill & Melinda
Gates Foundation) Cambridge, UK. Invited delegate.
30 October 04 Meeting of National Malaria Control Programme, Malaria Alert
Centre, Blantyre. Invited delegate.
11-12 December 04 Workshop of National Malaria Control Programme, Zomba,
Malawi
2005
8-9 January 05 Weekend Workshop of National Malaria Technical Committee, Ku
Chawe Inn, Zomba. Invited speaker: Malawis history of antimalarial drug policy; the
need for change.
10 January 05 Blantyre Business & Commerce Group: invited speaker: Malaria
vaccines.
14-15 March 05 International meeting on Ethics of intervention trials in children
Zomba, Malawi. Invited Chair and discussion leader.
16-18 March 05 Wellcome Trust International Ethics Symposium, Ryalls Hotel,
Blantyre. Invited Speaker, Co-organizer and Chair.
22-25 March 05 International Conference, Zomba, Malawi: Pathogenesis of severe
malaria ways forward. Invited participant.
26-27 May 05 Meeting of Unit Directors of Wellcome Trust international
programmes, Sanger Centre, Cambridge UK. Invited participant.
03 June 05 Meeting of Data & Safety Monitoring Board of Mocambique Malaria
Vaccine Trial. London. Chair of committee and of meeting.
3-6 July 05. Gates Grand Challenges Malaria Genetics Consortium meeting, Oxford.
Invited collaborator.
1-3 Aug 05 Infectious Diseases Priorities for Africa DfID Conference, Entebbe,
Uganda. Invited participant.
1 Sept 05 DAPP Teacher Training College, Blantyre District Invited speaker at

annual Health Day

19-21 Sept 05 Wellcome Trust Tropical Centre annual network meeting, Liverpool,
UK. Speaker and Chair.
28 Sept 05 Academy of Medical Sciences, London. 1-day Mentoring Workshop
invited participant.
13 Oct 05 Wellcome Trust DfID joint scooping mission on Research Capacity
Building in Malawi and Kenya meeting in Lilongwe, Malawi. Invited participant.
11-17 Nov 05 Multilateral Initiative on Malaria (MIM) international conference on
Malaria, Yaounde, Cameroon. Invited Speaker When is malaria malaria?
2006
4 Feb 2006 - Invited speaker, Seminar on CNS Infections Liverpool School of
Tropical Medicine.
5 May 2006. Invited speaker, Course on Health Interventions in Low-Income
Countries, Swedish Association for Tropical Medicine, Travel Medicine and
International Health, Jonkoping, Sweden..
6 May 2006 Invited speaker, Can the rock of malaria be rolled back? Doctors
Bank Annual Conference, Holsbybrunn, Sweden.
20-22 October, 2006 - Invited speaker, Workshop: The Ancillary-Care Obligations of
Medical Researchers Working in Developing Countries. Georgetown University,
Washington, DC, USA
13 Nov 2006 - Invited speaker, Workshop on Scientific Writing and Editing.
KuChawe Inn, Zomba Plateau.
2007
10-13 April 2007. Retinopathy and retinal angiography in severe malaria
contributions to diagnosis and research. - at the Third Annual BioMalPar Conference
on the Biology and Pathology of the Malaria Parasite. Heidelberg, Germany.
16-17 April 2007. Malaria - an African perspective. Annual meeting of Doctors
without Borders. Jonkoping, Sweden.
14-15 June 2007. Inflammation in malaria. Joint International Meeting of the
Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden and the New York Academy of Sciences,
USA: Severe Malaria: Pathogenesis and Intervention Strategies. Stockholm, Sweden.
15 June 2007. Should a new trial of steroids for severe malaria be undertaken? Joint
International Meeting of the Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden and the New
York Academy of Sciences, USA: Severe Malaria: Pathogenesis and Intervention
Strategies. Stockholm, Sweden.
10-14 September 2007. Going to Scale. (Invited participant and session Chair).
Gordon Conference on Malaria. Magdalene College, Oxford, UK.
22-23 October, Lilongwe Hotel, Lilongwe, Malawi. Writers workshop. Invited
speaker and discussant.
2008
19-22 April 2008. 18th European Conference on Clinical Microbiology and Infectious
Diseases (ECCMID) Invited Keynote Speaker.
24-25 April 2008. Swedish Medical Association 200th Anniversary Conference
International Health, Jonkoping, Sweden. Invited opening speaker.
23-25 June 2008. 6th Annual Course In Paediatric Infection And Immunity (IIC2008) - Keble College Oxford. Invited speaker.
10-13 September 2008. International conference Infectious Diseases of the nervous

sytem: pathogenesis and worldwide impact at the Pasteur Institute, Paris. Opening
Speaker
28 Nov 2008. Invited speaker. Diversity Leaders Award Ceremony, Blantyre, Malawi

2009
07 May 2009 Two invited lectures to Health Interventions in Low-income Countries
course, Jonkoping, Sweden
10 May 2009 Invited Lecture to Swedish Doctors' Bank annual meeting,
Holsbybrun, Sweden
3-5 June 2009 Invited delegate, Joint Technical Exert Group (JTEG), WHO Malaria
Vaccine International Meeting, Dakar, Senegal
12-14 June 2009 Invited delegate and Deputy Chair to WWARN (Worldwide
Antimalarial Resistance Network) workshop at Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge,
UK
22-24 June 2009 Committee of East African Scientific and Academic Committee
(ESAC),Nairobi, Kenya
30 June 2009 Invited Lecture to Research Methodology Course, Blantyre:
Scientists' Maladies: Some Syndromes to which Scientists are Prone
27-29 July 2009 Invited delegate, meeting of Technical Working Group of the
National Malaria Control Programme - Salima, Malawi
21 August MIM, Lilongwe, Malawi. National Stakeholders' Meeting of National
Malaria Control Programme invited opening address.
15-30 Oct 2009 Co-supervisor, National WHO Training-of-Trainers Course in
recognition and management of severe malaria, Sana'a, Yemen
8-16 November 2009 Supervisor, WHO International Training-of-Trainers Course
in recognition and management of severe malaria, Wad Medani, Sudan
18-22 November 2009 Invited Chair, 2 sessions at Annual Meeting of American
Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Washington DC, USA.

2010
14 Jan 2010 Technical Working Group of National Malaria Control Pogramme,
Salima.
22-25 Feb 2010 Nutrition Guidance Advisory Group (NUGAG), WHO, Geneva
05 Mar 2010 - Technical Working Group of National Malaria Control Pogramme,
Lilongwe
23-26 March invited delegate, MALERA (Malaria Eradication) meeting,
Washington DC, USA
29 April 2010 invited lecture 'Supporting research in Developing Countries'
Amsterdam Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
06 May 2010 Lectures, 'HILL' Course for health staff planning work overseas,
Jonkoping, Sweden
08 May 2010 Lecture 'Emergencies in Clinical Medicine' - Sweden Doctors' Bank,
Holsbybrunn, Sweden
11-12 May 2010 Chair, Independent Data Monitoring Committee for malaria
vaccine programme (WHO, MVI, GSK), London, UK
18 June 2010 speaker at Peer Review Workshop, convened by Malawi Medical
Journal, Blantyre
21-23 June Deputy Chair, annual meeting of wWARN (Worldwide Antimalarial
Resistance Network), Dakar, Senegal

29 June 2010 Chair of Panel on 'Malaria in Malawi' Society of Malawi meeting,

Blantyre
08 Sept 2010 Bi-ennial meeting of Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and
Hygiene, Liverpool, UK received Sir Rickard Christophers Medal.
09-12 Sept 2010 malaria histopathology meeting, Traverse City, USA invited
participant.
15-16 Nov 2010 Malaria Vaccine Programme (MALVAC), WHO meeting on trial
endpoints, Geneva
17 Nov 2010 Joint Technical Expert Group on Malaria Vaccine, WHO, Geneva.

2011
09 Mar 2011 Lilongwe, Malawi, Health Research Institute meeting, invited
participant
14-18 Mar 2011 Geneva, Switzerland, meeting of NUGAG committee member
31 May 1 June 2011 London, meeting of IDMC of the RTSS vaccine programme
(Chair)
28-29 June 2011 London, Christian Medical Fellowship 'Developing Health' Course
invited lecturer
30 June 2011 London Board meeting of Tropical Doctor at Royal Society of
Medicine (Chair)
11 July 2011 Lilongwe, Malawi National Malaria Control Programme meeting
(Chair)
15 Aug 2011 Lilongwe, Malawi Malaria Indicators Survey meeting of NMCP
(Chair)
(1-19 Sept 2011 Cycle ride 'Length and Height of Britain [LAHOB]' to raise money
for patients at QECH, Blantyre lahob.org.uk) [Raised 25,000]
28-30 Sept 2011 Geneva Technical Expert Group of WHO Severe Malaria
(panel member)
3-6 Oct 2011 Barcelona - 7th Annual Meeting of European Societies of Tropical
Medicine. Invited speaker Clinical Trials, and case management of comatose child.
19 Oct 2011 invited speaker, Mentoring Course of College of Medicine Blantyre,
Malawi
7-9 Nov 2011 Washington DC, USA NUGAG (Nutrition committee of WHO)
committee member and workshop participant.
14-16 Dec 2011 External examiner, East African Diploma in Tropical Medicine &
Hygiene, Kampala, Uganda

Grants (only those from 1995 onwards are listed)

1 Jul 95 30 Jun 00:
Mechanisms and patterns of falciparum malaria.
The Wellcome Trust: Research Leave Fellowship.
Grant Ref: 040304/Z/95/C/REH/JL/cg
[Initial grant + supplements]
Total awarded 1,292,050
May 1997 for one year
To determine the variance in absorption of rectal artesunate in children with
moderately severe malaria
World Health Organization ID 960309

PI: M E Molyneux
US$ 53,300 (~ 31,353)
1 Jan 1998
New research laboratory in Blantyre, Malawi:
The Wellcome Trust.
460,000
31 Jan 2000:
Effects of malaria on markers of HIV disease in an adult Malawian population
PI: M E Molyneux
Wellcome Trust: Ref 057618
89,232
24 March 2000 for 5 years:
renewal of grant to support activities of the
Wellcome Trust Centre for Research in Clinical Tropical Medicine, University of
Liverpool.
M E Molyneux and P AWinstanley
The Wellcome Trust: Project grant 060123/Z/99/Z + B
476,188
1 July 2000 for 5 years
Malaria and concomitant infections in Malawi
M E Molyneux
The Wellcome Trust, UK: Renewal of Research Leave Fellowship
Ref: 058390/Z/99/Z
2,321,494
01 Dec 2001- 30 Nov 2005
'Incidence of common infections in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected children and
benefit of cotrimoxazole prophylaxis'
Dr S M Graham and M E Molyneux
The Wellcome Trust: extension to Research Leave Fellowship
Grant Ref 058390/Z/99/H
262,650
2003-2006
Anthropological and Bio-ethics Study of Clinical Research
PIs Prof Joseph Mfutso-bengo , M E Molyneux
Wellcome Trust Grant Ref: 029634
160,000
July 2003-June 2006
Analysis of circulating and sequestered populations of Plasmodium falciparum in
fatal paediatric malaria
A G Craig, M E Molyneux & J L Montgomery
The Wellcome Trust: Project Grant
Grant Ref 071376
238,689

August 2004 for 4 years

Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme (MLW):
A Tropical Medicine Research Platform - Training Budget
M E Molyneux, P A Winstanley
Grant Ref 074124/Z/04/A
299,589
July 2005 for 3 years
Governance of Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Research Programme
Proposals for Change.
M E Molyneux, R L Broadhead
The Wellcome Trust
Grant Ref 074124/Z/04/B
143,762
July 2005 for 3 years
Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme (MLW):
A Tropical Medicine Research Platform
M E Molyneux, P A Winstanley
Grant Ref 174124/Z/04/Z
1,602,084
July 2005 June 2008
Malarial Disease in Children
M E Molyneux, Research Fellowship
Grant ref 074125/Z/04/Z + supplement
Total 653,994
Oct 2005 Mar 2008
Core support for Wellcome Trust Centre for Research in Clinical Tropical
Medicine, University of Liverpool.
P A Winstanley, M E Molyneux
Grant ref 076867/Z/05/Z
191,349
Jan 2007 June 2008
Malarial Disease in Children extension to ophthalmological studies in Blantyre,
Malawi
M E Molyneux supplement to Fellowship
Grant Ref 074125/Z/04/A
15,200
Jan 2009-Dec 2014. Programmatic implementation of Artemisinin Combination
Therapies (ACTs) in Malawi: safety and effectiveness of combination therapies with
repeated treatments for uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria over a three-year
period. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation grant ($1,678,799 for the Malawi study). M
E Molyneux is a Co-Investigator in this study.

Additional grants

for research conducted at MLW in Blantyre, Malawi (through University of Liverpool

/LSTM) for which M E Molyneux was named field supervisor.
1996-2001
Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1: analysis of gene transcription and protein
expression in parasitized erythrocytes from Malawian children
Dr Stephen Rogerson - Wellcome Trust Career Development Fellowship
Grant Reference: 046012/Z/95//Z/CD/MS/CG
Total Sum Awarded: 301,299
1996-2000
Cellular basis of susceptibility to Streptococcus pneumoniae in HIV-infected Malawian adults
Dr Stephen Gordon Wellcome Trust Training Fellowship
Grant Reference: 046112/Z/95/B + C
Total Sum Awarded: 279,339
1996-2001
A vitamin A intervention trial in anaemic pregnant women in Malawi
Dr Nynke van den Broek Wellcome Trust Training Fellowship
Grant Reference: 046099/Z/95/Z/139/CSD/JL
Total Sum Awarded incl supplements): 349,119
1996-2000
Clinical features and molecular epidemiology of rotavirus diarrhoea in Malawian children with and
without HIV infection
Dr Nigel Cunliffe Wellcome Trust Traning Fellowship
Grant Reference: 049485/Z/96/Z/139/CSD/JL
Total Sum Awarded: 189,935
1997-2001
Modulation of human alveolar macrophage function during mycobacterium tuberculosis and HIV
coinfections
Dr Henry Mwandumba Wellcome Trust Training Fellowship
Grant Reference: 056663/Z/99/Z/139/MC/JL
Total Sum Awarded 326,324
2000-2005
Pulmonary defence and susceptibility to infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae in HIV-infected
Malawian adults
Dr Stephen Gordon Wellcome Trust Career Development Fellowship
Grant Reference: 061231/Z/00/Z
Total Sum Awarded: 597,137
2000-2004
The mechanism of recurrent non-typhi salmonella (NTS) bacteraemia in HIV-1 infected Malawian
adults
Dr Melita Gordon Wellcome Trust Training Fellowship
Grant Reference: 060150/A/00/Z
Total Sum Awarded: 288,019
2001-2006
An investigation of the humoral immune response to pneumococcal polysaccharides and the role of a
conjugate neumococcal vaccine in secondary prevention of invasive pneumococcal disease in HIVinfected
African adults
Dr Neil French Wellcome Trust Career Development Fellowship
Grant Reference: 061230/Z/00/Z
Total Sum Awarded: 762,943
2002-2005
Central nervous system infections at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Paediatric Unit

Dr Macpherson Mallewa Wellcome Trust Training Fellowship

Grant Reference: 063561/Z/01/Z
Total Sum Awarded: 312,001
2002-2006
Severe anaemia in Malawian children: A detailed investigation into the aetiology, pathogenesis and
long-term outcome
Dr Michael Boele van Hensbroek Wellcome Trust Career Development Fellowship
Grant Reference:064722/Z/01/Z
Total Sum Awarded: 568,325
2003-2006
Evaluating strategies to delay the emergence of resistance to antimalarial drugs
David Bell Wellcome Trust Training Fellowship
Grant Reference: 066681/Z/01/Z
Total Sum Awarded: 250,261
2003-2006
Mechanisms underlying the association between Plasmodium falciparum malaria and non-typhoidal
salmonella bacteraemia in African children
Dr Calman MacLennan Wellcome Trust Training Fellowship
Grant Reference: 067902/Z/02/Z
Total Sum Awarded: 306,599
2003-2006
Investigation of the cytokine profile in invasive pneumococcal disease and host determinants of
disease susceptibility and severity in Malawian children
Dr Enitan Carrol Wellcome Trust Career Development Fellowship
Grant Reference: 068026/Z/02/Z + A
Total Sum Awarded: 608,250
2006-2008
Investigation into the role of mycobacterial antigens in early mortality in patients treated for TB
Dr Catriona Waitt Wellcome Trust Training Fellowship
Grant Reference: 076210/Z/04/Z
Total Sum Awarded: 314,330
2010-2012. Using eye changes to improve monitoring of malaria. Leverhulme Trust. For studies of
malaria in urban and rural Malawi. PI - M E Molyneux. 22,000

Peer-reviewed publications
1. Molyneux ME. National Sickness Service. Lancet 1971;1(7701):693-5.
2. Molyneux ME. Mediastinal reticulosis with hypertrophic pulmonary
osteoarthropathy. Brit J Dis Chest 1973;67(1):66-70.
3. Molyneux ME, Tozer RA, Hutt MSR. Histiocytic medullary reticulosis in Africa.
Lancet 1978;8101:1202-3.
4. Molyneux ME, Beare AS, Callow K, Schild GC. Use of single radial
immunodiffusion test for serological studies in volunteers inoculated with live
attenuated influenza virus. J Hyg (Lond) 1974;73(2):287-95.
5. Molyneux ME. An ABC of prescribing sins. British Medical Journal
1980;281:1698-1699.
6. Supran EM, Molyneux ME, Banatvala JE. IgM responses to hepatitis-A virus
and hepatitis-B core antigen in acute and chronic liver disease in Malawi; possible
role of non-A, non-B, hepatitis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1980;74(3):389-92.
7. Cole PJ, Molyneux ME. Immunological sensitisation of human lymphocytes after
influenza vaccination. J Infect 1980;2(1):67-77.

8. Molyneux ME, Supran EM, Islam MN, Banatvala JE, Hutt MSR. Hepatitis-B
virus determinants in patients with liver disease in Malawi. Trans R Soc Trop Med
Hyg 1980;74(3):383-8.
9. Molyneux ME. Straight and crooked thinking about tuberculosis. S Afr Med J
1982;Spec No:34-5.
10. Molyneux ME. Viral hepatitis. Questions and answers. Trop Doctor
1986;16(3):99-104.
11. Karbwang J, Looareesuwan S, Phillips RE, Wattanagoon Y, Molyneux ME,
Nagachinta B, Back DJ, Warrell DA. Plasma and whole blood mefloquine
concentrations during treatment of chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria with
the combination mefloquine-sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine. Br J Clin Pharmacol
1987;23(4):477-81.
12. Wirima J, Khoromana C, Molyneux ME, Gilles HM. Clinical trials with
halofantrine hydrochloride in Malawi. Lancet 1988;2(8605):250-2.
13. Taylor TE, Molyneux ME, Wirima JJ, Fletcher KA, Morris K. Blood glucose
levels in Malawian children before and during the administration of intravenous
quinine for severe falciparum malaria. N Engl J Med 1988;319(16):1040-7.
14. Cuevas LE, Hart CA, Molyneux M, Mughogho GH. C-reactive protein and
bacterial meningitis. Ann Trop Paediatr 1988;8(4):230-3.
15. Molyneux ME. Malaria - clinical features in children. J Roy Soc Med 1989;82
Suppl 17:35-8. (Review).
16. Cheesbrough JS, Liomba NG, Sutorius FF, Molyneux ME. Histiocytic medullary
reticulosis associated with positive human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1)
serology in two African patients. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1989;83(2):259.
17. Molyneux ME, Taylor TE, Wirima JJ, Borgstein A. Clinical features and
prognostic indicators in paediatric cerebral malaria: a study of 131 comatose
Malawian children. Quart J Med 1989;71(265):441-59.
18. Molyneux ME, Looareesuwan S, Menzies IS, Grainger SL, Phillips RE,
Wattanagoon Y, Thompson RP, Warrell DA. Reduced hepatic blood flow and
intestinal malabsorption in severe falciparum malaria. Am J Trop Med Hyg
1989;40(5):470-6.
19. Grau GE, Taylor TE, Molyneux ME, Wirima JJ, Vassalli P, Hommel M, Lambert
PH. Tumor necrosis factor and disease severity in children with falciparum
malaria. N Engl J Med 1989;320(24):1586-91.
20. Burnham G, Harries A, Macheso A, Wirima J, Molyneux M. Chloroquine induced
pruritus in Malawi: lack of association with onchocerciasis. Trans R Soc
Trop Med Hyg 1989;83(4):527-8.
21. Molyneux ME, Taylor TE, Wirima JJ, Harper G. Effect of rate of infusion of
quinine on insulin and glucose responses in Malawian children with falciparum
malaria. BMJ 1989;299:602-3.
22. Molyneux ME. The clinical features of cerebral malaria in children. Med Trop
(Mars) 1990 Jan-Mar;50(1):65-8.
23. Pavone R, Schinaia N, Hart CA, Getty B, Molyneux M, Borgstein A. Viral
gastro-enteritis in children in Malawi. Ann Trop Paediatr 1990;10(1):15-20.
24. Mansor SM, Taylor TE, McGrath CS, Edwards G, Ward SA, Wirima JJ,
Molyneux ME. The safety and kinetics of intramuscular quinine in Malawian
children with moderately severe falciparum malaria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg
1990;84(4):482-7.
25. Molyneux ME. Cerebral malaria in children: clinical implications of
cytoadherence. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1990 Aug;43(2 Pt 2):38-41. (Review).

26. Molyneux ME, Taylor TE, Wirima JJ, Grau GE. Tumour necrosis factor,
interleukin-6, and malaria. Lancet 1991;337:1098 (Letter).
27. Molyneux ME, Taylor TE, Thomas CG, Mansor S, Wirima JJ. Efficacy of
quinine for falciparum malaria according to previous chloroquine exposure.
Lancet 1991;337:1379-80.
28. Mansor SM, Molyneux ME, Taylor TE, Ward SA, Wirima JJ, Edwards G.
Effect of Plasmodium falciparum malaria infection on the plasma concentration of
alpha 1-acid glycoprotein and the binding of quinine in Malawian children.
Br J Clin Pharmacol 1991;32(3):317-21.
29. Cheesbrough JS, Molyneux ME, Green SD. When is fever malaria? Lancet
1991;338(8782-8783):1601 (Letter).
30. Hill AV, Allsopp CE, Kwiatkowski D, Taylor TE, Yates SN, Anstey NM,
Wirima JJ, Brewster DR, McMichael AJ, Molyneux ME, et al. Extensive genetic
diversity in the HLA class II region of Africans, with a focally predominant allele,
DRB1*1304. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1992;89(6):2277-81.
31. Goldring JD, Molyneux ME, Taylor T, Wirima J, Hommel M. Plasmodium
falciparum: diversity of isolates from Malawi in their cytoadherence to melanoma
cells and monocytes in vitro. Br J Haematol 1992;81(3):413-8.
32. Taylor TE, Molyneux ME, Wirima JJ, Borgstein A, Goldring JD, Hommel M.
Intravenous immunoglobulin in the treatment of paediatric cerebral malaria.
Clin Exp Immunol 1992 Dec;90(3):357-62.
33. Barry M, Molyneux ME. Ethical dilemmas in malaria drug and vaccine trials: a
bioethical perspective. J Med Ethics 1992 Dec;18(4):189-92.
34. Kwiatkowski D, Molyneux ME, Stephens S, Curtis N, Klein N, Pointaire P, Smit
M, Allan R, Brewster DR, Grau GE, et al. Anti-TNF therapy inhibits fever in
cerebral malaria. Quart J Med 1993 Feb;86(2):91-8.
35. Taylor TE, Borgstein A, Molyneux ME. Acid-base status in paediatric
Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Quart J Med 1993;86(2):99-109.
36. Taylor TE, Wills BA, Kazembe P, Chisale M, Wirima JJ, Ratsma EY, Molyneux
ME. Rapid coma resolution with artemether in Malawian children with cerebral
malaria. Lancet 1993;341:661-2.
37. Phillips RE, Looareesuwan S, Molyneux ME, Hatz C, Warrell DA.
Hypoglycaemia and counterregulatory hormone responses in severe falciparum
malaria: treatment with Sandostatin. Quart J Med 1993 Apr;86(4):233-40.
38. Molyneux ME, Fox R. Diagnosis and treatment of malaria in Britain.
BMJ 1993;306:1175-80. Review.
39. Taylor TE, Molyneux ME. Folate deficiency to protect against malaria. N Engl J
Med 1993;328(15):1127 (Letter)

40. Lewallen S, Taylor TE, Molyneux ME, Wills BA, Courtright P. Ocular fundus
findings in Malawian children with cerebral malaria. Ophthalmology
1993;100(6):857-61.
41. Taylor T, Wills B, Wirima J, Molyneux M. Artemether in cerebral malaria.
Lancet 1993;341:1604 (Letter).
42. Vadas P, Taylor TE, Chimsuku L, Goldring D, Stefanski E, Pruzanski W,
Molyneux ME. Increased serum phospholipase A2 activity in Malawian children
with falciparum malaria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1993;49(4):455-9.
43. Molyneux ME, Engelmann H, Taylor TE, Wirima JJ, Aderka D, Wallach D, Grau
GE. Circulating plasma receptors for tumour necrosis factor in Malawian
children with severe falciparum malaria. Cytokine 1993;5(6):604-9.
44. Molyneux ME. Malaria--still waiting for a vaccine. Tropical Doctor

1994;24(3):97-8 (Editorial)
45. Jonkman A, Chibwe RA, Khoromana CO, Liabunya UL, Chaponda ME,
Kandiero GE, Molyneux ME, Taylor TE. Cost-saving through microscopy-based
versus presumptive diagnosis of malaria in adult outpatients in Malawi. Bull
World Health Org 1995;73(2):223-7.
46. Taylor TE, Molyneux ME. Something new out of Africa. N Engl J Med
1995;332(21):1441-2.
47. Lewallen S, Bakker H, Taylor TE, Wills BE, Courtright P, Molyneux ME.
Retinal findings predictive of outcome in cerebral malaria. Trans Roy Soc Trop
Med Hyg 1996;90:144-146.
48. Molyneux EM, Walsh AL, Phiri A, Molyneux ME. Acute bacterial meningitis
in children admitted to the Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi in
1996-97. Trop Med and Internat Health 1998; 3(8):610-618.
49. Lewallen S, Taylor TE, Molyneux ME, Semba RD, Wills BA, Courtright P.
Association between measures of vitamin A and the ocular fundus findings in
cerebral malaria. Archives of Ophthalmology 1998;116:293-296.
50. Taylor TE, Wills BA, Courval JM, Molyneux ME. Intramuscular artemether vs
intravenous quinine: an open, randomized trial in Malawian children with
cerebral malaria. Trop Med Int Health 1998;3(1):3-8.
51. Hoffman IF, Jere CS, Taylor TE, Munthali P, Dyer JR, Wirima JJ, Rogerson SJ,
Kumwenda N, Eron JJ, Fiscus SA, Chakraborty H, Taha TE, Cohen MS,
Molyneux ME. The effect of Plasmodium falciparum malaria on HIV-1 RNA
blood plasma concentration. AIDS 1999;13:487-494.
52. White NJ, Nosten F, Looareesuwan S, Watkins WM, Marsh K, Snow RW,
Kokwaro G, Ouma J, Hien TT, Molyneux ME, Taylor TE, Newbold CI, Ruebush
(II) TK, Danis M, Greenwood BM, Anderson RM, Olliaro P. Averting a malaria
disaster. (Editorial). Lancet 1999;353:1965-7.
53. Cunliffe NA, Gondwe JS, Broadhead RL, Molyneux ME, Woods PA, Bresee JS,
Glass RI, Gentsch JR, Hart CA. Rotavirus G and P types in children with acute
diarrhoea in Blantyre, Malawi: predominance of novel P[6]G8 strains. J Med
Virol 1999;57:308-312.
54. Rogerson SJ, Tembenu R, Dobano C, Plitt S, Taylor TE, Molyneux ME.
Cytoadherence characteristics of Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes
from Malawian children with severe and uncomplicated malaria. Am J Trop
Med Hyg 1999; 61(3):467-472.
55. Beeson JG, Brown GV, Molyneux ME, Mhango C, Dzinjalamala F, Rogerson SJ.
Plasmodium falciparum isolates from infected pregnant women and children are
associated with distinct adhesive and antigenic properties. J Infect Dis 1999;
180: 464-472.
56. Lewallen S, Harding SP, Ajewole J, Schulenburg WE, Molyneux ME, Marsh K,
Usen S, White NJ, Taylor TE. A review of the spectrum of clinical fundus
findings in P falciparum malaria in African children with a proposed classification
and grading system. Trans Roy Soc Trop Med Hyg 1999;93:619-622
57. Movaffaghy A, Lochhead J, Riva C, Harding SP, Molyneux M, Taylor TE. Optic
nerve head blood flow measurements with a portable laser doppler flowmeter in
children with cerebral malaria. ARVO. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1999;40:S864.
58. Harding SP, Lochhead J, Movaffaghy A, Falsini B, Riva C, Molyneux M.
Electroretinography of severe malaria in Malawian children. ARVO. Invest
Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1999;40:S148.
59. Brown H, Turner G, Rogerson SJ, Tembo M, Mwenechanya J, Dzinjalamala F,

Molyneux ME, Taylor TE. Cytokine expression in the brain in human cerebral
malaria. J Infect Dis 1999;180:1742-6.
60. Boeree MJ, Harries AD, Zijlstra EE, Taylor TE, Molyneux ME. Co-trimoxazole
in HIV-1 infection. Lancet 1999;354(9175):334 (Letter).
61. Beeson JG, Rogerson SJ, Cooke BM, Reeder JC, Chai W, Lawson AM,
Molyneux ME, Brown GV. Adhesion of Plasmodium falciparum-infected
erythrocytes to hylauronic acid in placental malaria. Nature Medicine 2000;
6(1):86-90.
62. Molyneux ME. Impact of malaria on the brain and its prevention.
(Commentary). Lancet 2000;355:671-2
63. Lewallen S, White VA, Whitten RO, Gardiner J, Hoar B, Lindley J, Lochhead J,
McCormick A, Wade K, Tembo M, Mwenechanya J, Molyneux ME, Taylor TE.
Clinical-histopathological correlation of the abnormal retinal vessels in cerebral
malaria. Arch Ophthalmol 2000;118:924-928
64. Graham SM, Mtitimila EI, Kamanga HS, Walsh AL, Hart CA, Molyneux ME.
Clinical presentation and outcome of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in
Malawian children. Lancet 2000;355:369-373.
65. Rogerson SJ, Beeson JG, Mhango C, Dzinjalamala FK, Molyneux ME.
Plasmodium falciparum rosette formation is uncommon in isolates from pregnant
women. Infection and Immunity 2000;68:391-393.
66. Van den Broek NR, Rogerson SJ, Mhango CG, Kambala B, White SA, Molyneux
ME. Anaemia in pregnancy in southern Malawi: prevalence and risk factors.
Brit J Obstetrics & Gynaecology 2000;107:445-451.
67. Rogerson SJ, van den Broek NR, Chaluluka E, Qongwane C, Mhango CG,
Molyneux ME. Malaria and anaemia in antenatal women in Blantyre, Malawi: a
twelve-month survey. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2000; 62(3):335-340.
68. Graham SM, Walsh AL, Molyneux EM, Phiri AJ, Molyneux ME. Clinical
presentation of non-typhoidal salmonella bacteraemia in Malawian children.
Trans Roy Soc Trop Med Hyg 2000;94:310-314.
69. Rogerson SJ, Chaluluka E, Kanjala M, Mkundika P, Mhango C, Molyneux ME.
Intermittent sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine in pregnancy: effectiveness against
malaria morbidity in Blantyre, Malawi, in 1997-99. Trans Roy Soc Trop Med
Hyg 2000;94:549-553.
70. Walsh AL, Phiri AJ, Graham SM, Molyneux EM, Molyneux ME. Bacteremia in
febrile Malawian children: clinical and microbiologic features. Pediatr Infect Dis J
2000;19:312-8.
71. Graham SM, Hart CA, Molyneux EM, Walsh AL, Molyneux ME. Malaria and
Salmonella infections: cause or coincidence? Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg
2000;94:227.
72. Rogerson SJ, Katundu P, Molyneux ME. Rosette Formation by Clinical Isolates
of Plasmodium Falciparum in Serum-Free Medium. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg
2000;94:461-462.
73. Cunliffe NA, Gentsch JR, Kirkwood CD, Gondwe JS, Dove W, Nakagomi O,
Nakagomi T, Hoshino Y, Bresee JS, Glass RI, Molyneux ME, Hart CA.
Molecular and serologic characterization of novel serotype G8 human rotavirus
strains detected in Blantyre, Malawi. Virology 2000;274:309-320.
74. Gordon SB, Walsh AL, Chaponda M, Gordon MA, Soko D, Mbvwinji M,
Molyneux ME, Read RC. Bacterial meningitis in Malawian adults:
pneumococcal disease is common, severe and seasonal. Clin Infect Dis 2000;
31:53-57.

75. Brown GV, Beck H-P, Molyneux ME, Marsh K. Molecular approaches to
epidemiology and clinical aspects of malaria. Parasitology Today 2000;
16:448-451.
76. Graham SM, Molyneux EM, Walsh AL, Cheesbrough JS, Molyneux ME, Hart
CA. Nontyphoidal salmonella infections of children in tropical Africa. Pediatr
Infect Dis J 2000;19:1189-1196.
77. Brown H, Rogerson SJ, Taylor TE, Mwenechanya J, Tembo M, Molyneux ME,
Turner G. Blood-brain barrier function in cerebral malaria in Malawian children.
Am J Trop Med Hyg 2001;64: 207213
78. Clark IA, Whitten R, Molyneux M, Taylor T. Salicylates, nitric oxide, malaria
and Reyes syndrome. (Hypothesis). Lancet 2001;537:625-627.
79. Cunliffe NA, Gondwe JS, Graham SM, Thindwa BDM, Dove W, Broadhead RL,
Molyneux ME, Hart CA. Rotavirus strain diversity in Blantyre, Malawi, from
1997 to 1999. J Clin Microbiol 2001;39:836-843.
80. Gordon MA, Walsh AL, Chaponda M, Soko D, Mbvwinji M, Molyneux ME,
Gordon SB. Bacteraemia and mortality among adult medical admissions in
Malawi predominance of non-typhi salmonellae and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
J Infection 2001;42:44-49.
81. Mathanga D, Molyneux ME. Bednets and malaria in Africa. (Commentary).
Lancet 2001;357:1219-1220.
82. Jere C, Cunliffe NA, Hoffman I, Stewart PW, Kilaru R, Broadhead RL, Molyneux
ME, Hart CA, Fiscus SA. Plasma HIV burden in Malawian children co-infected
with rotavirus. AIDS 2001; 15:1439-1442
83. Cunliffe NA, Gondwe JS, Kirkwood CD, Graham SM, Nhlane N, Thindwa BDM,
Dove W, Broadhead RL, Molyneux ME and Hart CA. Effect of concomitant
HIV infection on presentation and outcome of rotavirus gastroenteritis in
Malawian children. Lancet 2001;358:550-555.
84. Gordon SB, Molyneux ME, Boeree MJ, Kanyanda S, Chaponda M, Squire SB,
Read RC. Opsonic phagocytosis of Streptococcus pneumoniae by alveolar
macrophages is not impaired in HIV-infected Malawian adults. JID 2001;
184:1345-1349.
85. The Artemether-Quinine Meta-analysis Study Group. A meta-analysis using
individual patient data of trials comparing artemether with quinine in the
treatment of severe falciparum malaria. Trans Roy Soc Trop Med Hyg 2001;
95:637-650.
86. Gordon SB, Chaponda M, Walsh AL, Whitty CJM, Gordon MA, Machili CE,
Gilks CF, Boeree MJ, Kampondeni S, Read RC, Molyneux ME. Pneumococcal
disease in HIV-infected Malawian adults: acute mortality and long-term survival.
AIDS 2002;16:1-9.
87. Kublin JG, Dzinjalamala FK, Kamwendo DD, Malkin EM, Cortese JF, Martino
LM, Mukadam RAG, Rogerson SJ, Lescano AG, Molyneux ME, Winstanley PA,
Chimpeni P, Taylor TE and Plowe CV. Molecular markers for treatment
failure of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and chlorproguanil-dapsone for falciparum
malaria and a model for practical application in Africa. Journal of Infectious
Diseases 2002;185:380-388
88. Sulo J, Chimpeni P, Hatcher J, Kublin JG, Plowe CV, Molyneux ME, Marsh K,
Taylor TE, Watkins WM, Winstanley PA. Randomised clinical trial of
chlorproguanil-dapsone (Lapdap) versus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for
sequential episodes of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Kenya and Malawi.
Lancet 2002;360:1136-1142.

89. Gordon MA, Banda HT, Gordon SB, Boeree M, Walsh AL, Corkhill JE, Hart CA,
Gilks CF, Molyneux ME. Non-typhoidal salmonella bacteraemia among HIVinfected
Malawian adults: high mortality and frequent recrudescence. AIDS 2002;16:16331641.
90. Pisell TL, Hoffman IF, Jere CS, Ballard SB, Molyneux ME, Butera ST, Lawn SD.
Immune activation and induction of HIV-1 replication within CD14+
macrophages during acute Plasmodium falciparum malaria co-infection. AIDS
2002;16(11):1503-1509.
91. Walsh AL, Molyneux EM, Kabudula M, Phiri AJ, Molyneux ME, Graham SM.
Bacteraemia following blood transfusion in Malawian children: predominance of
Salmonella. Trans Roy Soc Trop Med Hyg 2002;96:276-277.
92. Movaffaghy A, Lochhead J, Riva CE, Harding SP, Petrig BL, Molyneux ME,
Taylor TE. Feasibility of LDF measurements of optic nerve head blood flow in
children with cerebral malaria. Microvascular Research 2002; 2424:1-7.
93. Kamwendo DD, Dzinjalamala FK, Snounou G, Kanjala MC, Mhango CG,
Molyneux ME, Rogerson SJ. (2002). Plasmodium falciparum: PCR detection and
genotyping of isolates from peripheral, placental, and cord blood of pregnant
Malawian women and their infants. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 96:145-149.
94. Taylor TE, Molyneux ME. Clinical features of malaria in children. In Essential
Malariology (Warrell DA and Gilles HM, eds) OUP 2002, London and New
York.
95. El Setouhy M, Agbenyega T, Anto F, Clerk CA, Koram KA, English M,
Molyneux CS, Juma R, Kumwenda N, Mfutso-Bengo J, Molyneux ME, Taylor
TE, Diarra DA, Maiga S, Sylla M, Youssouf D, Falade CO, Gabadegesin S, Lie
R, Mugusi F, Ngassapa D, Ecuru J, Talisuna A, Emanuel E, Grady C, Wendler D,
Higgs E, Plowe C, Sugarman J. Fair benefits for research in developing
countries. Science 2002;298(5601):2133-2134.
96. Lewis DK, Peters RPH, Schijffelen MJ, Joaki G, Walsh AL, Kublin JG,
Kumwenda J, Kampondeni S, Molyneux ME, Zijlstra E. Clinical indicators of
mycobacteremia in adults admitted to hospital in Blantyre, Malawi. Int J Tuberc
Lung Dis 2002;6(12):1067-1074.
97. Cunliffe NA, Dove W, Gondwe JS, Thindwa BDM, Greensill J, Holmes JL,
Bresee JS, Monroe SS, Glass RI, Broadhead RL, MolyneuxME, Hart CA.
Detection and characterisation of human astroviruses in children with acute
gastroenteritis in Blantyre, Malawi. J Med Virol 2002;67:563-566.
98. Rogerson SJ, Brown HC, Getachew A, Pollina E, Turner G, Tadesse E, Lema V,
Molyneux ME. Placental TNF- alpha but not IFN-gamma associated with
placental malaria and low birth weight in Malawian women. Infection and
Immunity 2003;71:267-270.
99. Lochhead J, Movaffaghy A, Falsini B, Winstanley PA, Mberu EK, Riva CE,
Molyneux ME, Taylor TE, Harding SP. The effect of quinine on the
electroretinograms of children with paediatric cerebral malaria. J Infect Dis
2003;187(8): 1342-5.
100. Abrams ET, Brown H, Chensue SW, Turner GDH, Tadesse E, Lema VM,
Molyneux ME, Rochford R, Meshnick SR, Rogerson SJ. Host response to
malaria during pregnancy: placental monocyte recruitment is associated with
elevated beta-chemokine expression. J Immunol 2003;170:2759-2764.
101. Ackerman H, Usen S, Mott R, Richardson A, Sisay-Joof F, Katundu P,
Taylor T, Ward R, Molyneux M, Pinder M, Kwiatkowski D. Haplotypic
analysis of the TNF locus by association efficiency and entropy. Genome

Biology 2003;4(4):R24
102. Grau GE, Mackenzie CD, Carr RA, Redard M, Pizzolato G, Allasia C,
Cataldo C, Taylor TE, Molyneux ME. Platelet accumulation in brain
microvessels in fatal paediatric cerebral malaria. J Infect Dis 2003; 187:461-466
103. Clark IA, Awburn M, Whitten RO, Harper CG, Liomba NG, Molyneux
ME, Taylor TE. Systemic and cerebral induction of nitric oxide in fatal cases of
falciparum malaria and sepsis in Malawi. Malaria Journal 2003;2:6
104. Rogerson SJ, Pollina E, Getachew A, Tadesse E, Lema VM, Molyneux
ME. Placental monocyte infiltrates in response to Plasmodium falciparum
malaria infection and their association with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Amer J
Trop Med Hyg 2003; 68: 115-119.
105. Gordon SB, Kanyanda S, Walsh AL, Goddard K, Chaponda M, Atkinson
V, Mulwafu W, Molyneux EM, Zijlstra EE, Molyneux ME, Graham SM. Poor
potential coverage for 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, Malawi.
Emerging Infectious Diseases 2003;9(6):747-749.
106. Gordon SB, Miller DE, Day RB, Ferry T, Wilkes DS, Schnizlein-Bick
CT, Zijlstra EE, Read RC, Molyneux ME, Twigg III HL. Pulmonary
immunoglobulin responses to Streptococcus pneumoniae are altered but not
reduced in HIV infected Malawian adults. Journal of Infectious Diseases 2003;
188(5):666-670.
107. Beare NAV, Lewis DK, Kublin JG, Harding SP, Zijlstra EE, Molyneux
ME. Retinal changes in adults with cerebral malaria. Ann Trop Med Parasitol
2003;97(3):313-315.
108. Mwapasa V, Rogerson SJ, Molyneux ME, Abrams E, Kamwendo DD,
Lema VM, Tadesse E, Chaluluka E, Wilson P, Meshnick SR. The Effect of
Plasmodium falciparum Malaria on Peripheral and Placental HIV-1 RNA
Concentrations in Pregnant Malawian Women. AIDS 2004; 18: 1-9
109. Molyneux EM, Forsyth H, Tembo M, Kayira K, Bwanaisa L,
Mwenechanya J, Njobvu A, Rogerson SJ, Walsh AL, Molyneux ME . The effect
of HIV infection on paediatric bacterial meningitis in Blantyre, Malawi. Arch
Dis Child 2003;88(12):1112-8.
110. M Gordon, Zijlstra EE, Naus CWA, Visser LG, Molyneux ME, van
Lieshout L. Schistosomiasis does not contribute to death or recurrence in HIVinfected Malawian adults with non-typhoid salmonella (NTS) bacteraemia. Clin
Infect Dis 2003;37:e177-178.
111. Clark IA, Awburn MM, Harper CG, Liomba NG, Molyneux ME.
Induction of HO-1 in tissue macrophages and monocytes in fatal falciparum
malaria and sepsis. Malaria Journal 2003;2:41
112. Gordon SB, Musaya J-L, Wilson L, Phiri A, Zijlstra EE, Molyneux ME.
HIV infected adults do not have an excess of colonising bacteria in their large
airways. BMC Infectious Diseases 2003;3:29
113. Beeson J, Mann E, Elliott S, Lema V, Tadesse E, Molyneux M, Brown G,
Rogerson S. Antibodies to variant surface antigens of Plasmodium falciparum
infected erythrocytes and adhesion inhibitory antibodies are associated with
placental malaria and have overlapping and distinct targets. J Infect Dis 2004;
189:540-551.
114. Plowe CV, Kublin JG, Dzinjalamala FK, Kamwendo DS, Mukadam RAG,
Chimpeni P, Molyneux ME, Taylor TE. Sustained sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine
clinical efficacy for uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Malawi after ten years
as first line therapy: a five year prospective efficacy study. Brit Med J 2004;

328:545-548.
115. Taylor TE, Fu WN, Carr RA, Whitten RO, Mueller JG, Fosiko NM,
Liomba NG, Molyneux ME. Differentiating the pathologies of cerebral malaria
by post mortem parasite counts. Nature Medicine 2004;10(2):143-145.
116. Mount A, Mwapasa V, Elliott SR, Beeson JG, Tadesse E, Lema VM,
Molyneux ME, Meshnick SR, Rogerson SJ. Impairment of humoral immunity to
Plasmodium falciparum malaria in pregnancy by HIV infection Lancet 2004:
363:1860-1867.
117. Maitland K, Molyneux ME. Malaria (Review). Adv Exp Med Biol
2004;549:125-134.
118. Barnes KI, Mwenechanya J, Tembo M, McIlleron H, Folb PI, Ribeiro I,
Little F, Molyneux ME. Efficacy of artesunate administered by suppository in
the initial treatment of moderately severe malaria in African children and adults.
Lancet 2004:363:1598-1605
119. Peters RPH, Zijlstra EE, Schijffelen MJ, Walsh AL, Joaki G, Kumwenda
JJ, Kublin JG, Molyneux ME, Lewis DK. A prospective study of bloodstream
infections as cause of fever in Malawi: clinical predictors and implications for
management. Trop Med Int Health 2004;9(8):928-934.
120. Mwandumba HC, Russell DG, Nyirenda MH, Anderson J, White SA,
Molyneux ME, Squire SB. Mycobacterium tuberculosis resides in non-acidified
vacuoles in endocytically-competent alveolar macrophages from patients with
tuberculosis and HIV-infection. J Immunol 2004;172(7):4592-4598
121. Combes V, Taylor TE, Juhan-Vague I, Mge J-L, Mwenechanya J, Tembo
M, Grau GE, Molyneux ME. Circulating endothelial microparticles in Malawian
children with severe falciparum malaria. JAMA 2004;291:2543-4
122. Beare NA, Southern C, Chalira C, Taylor TE, Molyneux ME, Harding SP.
Prognostic significance and course of retinopathy in children with severe malaria.
Arch Ophthalmol 2004;122:1141-1147.
123. Maitland K, Molyneux ME. Malaria. In: Hot Topics in Infection and
Immunity in Children. Eds Pollard AJ, McCracken GH, Finn A. Kluwer A /
Plenum Publishers, New York, 2004.
124. Abrams ET, Milner D, Kwiek J, Mwapasa V, Kamwendo DD, Tadesse E,
Lema V, Molyneux ME, Rogerson SJ, Meshnick SR. Risk factors and
mechanisms of preterm delivery in Malawi. Am J Reproductive Immunol
2004;52:174-183
125. Dzinjalamala FK, Macheso A, Kublin JG, Taylor TE, Barnes KI,
Molyneux ME, Plowe CV, Smith PJ. Blood folate concentrations and in vivo
sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine failure in Malaian children with uncomplicated
falciparum malaria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2005;72(3):267-272
126. Kublin JG, Patnaik P, Jere CJ, Miller WC, Hoffman IF, Chimbiya N,
Pendame R, Taylor TE, Molyneux ME. Effect of Plasmodium falciparum
malaria on HIV-1 RNA blood concentration in a cohort of adults in rural Malawi.
Lancet 2005;365:233-240.
127. Milner DA, Dzamalala CP, Liomba NG, Molyneux ME, Taylor TE.
Supra-orbital Sampling of Brain Tissue After Death: Improving upon the Clinical
Diagnosis of Cerebral Malaria. J Infect Dis 2005;191:805-808.
128. Milledge J, Calis JCJ, Graham SM, Phiri A, Wilson LK, Soko D,
Mbvwinji M, Walsh AL, Rogerson SR, Molyneux ME, Molyneux EM.
Aetiology of neonatal sepsis in Blantyre, Malawi: 1996-2001. Ann Trop Paed
2005;25:99-108.

129. Bach O, Baier M, Pullwitt A, Fosiko N, Chagaluka G, Kalima M, Pfister

W, Straube E, Molyneux M. Falciparum malaria after splenectomy: a
prospective controlled study of 33 previously splenectomised Malawian adults.
Trans RSTMH 2005; 99:861-867.
130. Patnaik P, Jere CJ, Miller WC, Hoffman IF, Wirima JJ, Pendame R,
Meshnick SR, Taylor TE, Molyneux ME, Kublin JG. Effects of HIV serostatus,
HIV-1 RNA concentration, and CD4 count on incidence of malaria infection in a
cohort of adults in rural Malawi . J Infect Dis 2005;192(6):984-991
131. Gordon SB, Jarman ER, Kanyanda S, French N, Pridmore AC, Zijlstra EE,
Molyneux ME, Read RC. Reduced IL8 response to Streptococcus pneumoniae
by alveolar macrophages from adults with HIV/AIDS. AIDS 2005;19(11):11971200.
132. Elliott SR, Brennan AK, Beeson JG, Tadesse E, Molyneux ME, Brown
GV, Rogerson SJ. Placental malaria induces variant specific antibodies of the
cytophilic sub-types, IgG1 and IgG3, which correlate with adhesion inhibitory
activity. Infect & Immun 2005; 73(9):5903-7
133. Alker A, Mwapasa V, Purfield A, Rogerson SJ, Molyneux ME,
Kamwendo DD, Tadesse E, Chaluluka E, Meshnick SR. Mutations associated
with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine and chlorproguanil resistance in Plasmodium
falciparum from Blantyre, Malawi. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
2005;40(9):3919-3921.
134. Van Oosterhout JJG, Laufer MK, Graham SM, Tumba F, Perez MA,
Chimbiya N, Wilson L, Chagomerana M, Molyneux ME, Zijlstra EE, Taylor TE,
Plowe CV. A community-based study of the incidence of trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole preventable infections in adult Malawians living with HIV. J
Acq Immun Def Synd 2005;39:626-631
135. Abrams ET, Kwiek JJ, Mwapasa V, Kamwendo DD, Tadesse E, Lema
VM, Molyneux ME, Rogerson SJ, Meshnick SR. Malaria during pregnancy and
foetal haematological status in Blantyre, Malawi. Malaria Journal 2005;4(1):39
136. Dzinjalamala FK, Macheso A, Kublin JG, Taylor TE, Barnes KI,
Molyneux ME, Plowe CV, Smith PJ. Association between the pharmacokinetics
and in vivo therapeutic efficacy of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in Malawian
children. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2005;49(9):3601-6.
137. Dove W, Cunliffe NA, Gondwe JS, Broadhead RL, Molyneux ME,
Nakagomi O, Hart CA. Detection and characterization of human caliciviruses in
hospitalized children with acute gastroenteritis in Blantyre, Malawi. J Med Virol
2005;77(4):522-527.
138. Gordon SB, Janoff EN, Sloper D, Zhang Q, Read RC, Zijlstra EE, Finn A,
Molyneux ME. HIV-1 infection is associated with altered innate pulmonary
immunity. J Infect Dis 2005;192(8):1412-6.
139. Kwiek JJ, Mwapasa V, Milner DA, Alker A, Miller C, Ou C-Y, Tadesse
E, Lema V, Molyneux ME, Rogerson SJ, Meshnick SR. Maternal-foetal
microtransfusions and HIV-1 mother-to-child transmission in Malawi. PloS
Medicine 2006;3:1:e10
140. van den Broek NR, White SA, Flowers C, Cook JD, Letsky EA,
Tanumihardjo SA, Mhango C, Molyneux ME, Neilson JP. Randomised trial of
vitamin A supplementation in pregnant women in rural Malawi found to be
anaemic on screening by HemoCue. Brit J Obs Gyn 2006;113(5):569-76.
141. Dembo EG, Phiri HT, Montgomery J, Molyneux ME, Rogerson SJ. Are P
falciparum parasites present in peripheral blood genetically the same as those

sequestered in the tissues? Am J Trop Med Hyg 2006:74(5):730-2

142. Montgomery J, Milner DA, Man Tsuey Tse, Njobvu A, Kayira K,
Dzamalala CP, Taylor TE, Rogerson SJ, Craig AG, Molyneux ME. Genetic
analysis of circulating and sequestered populations of Plasmodium falciparum in
fatal paediatric malaria. JID 2006;194(1):115-22.
143. Beare NA, Riva CE, Taylor TE, Molyneux ME, Kayira K, White VA,
Lewallen S, Harding SP. Changes in optic nerve head blood flow in children
with cerebral malaria and acute papilloedema. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry
2006;77(11):1288-90
144. Beare NA, Taylor TE, Harding SP, Lewallen S, Molyneux ME. Malarial
retinopathy: a newly established diagnostic sign in severe malaria. American
Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2006;75(5):790-7.
145. Francischetti IM, Seydel KB, Monteiro RQ, Whitten RO, Erexson CR,
Noronha AL, Ostera GR, Kamiza SB, Molyneux ME, Ward JM, Taylor TE.
Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes induce tissue factor expression in
endothelial cells and support the assembly of multimolecular coagulation
complexes. J Thromb Haemost 2007;5(1):155-65.
146. Mankhambo LA, Makwana NU, Carrol ED, Beare NA, Taylor TE,
Kampondeni S, Molyneux ME. Persistent visual loss as a complication of
meningococcal meningitis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2006;25(6):566-567
147. Mwapasa V, Rogerson SJ, Kwiek JJ, Wilson PE, Milner D, Molyneux
ME, Kamwendo DD, Tadesse E, Chaluluka E, Meshnick SR. Maternal syphilis
infection is associated with increased risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV
in Malawi. AIDS 2006;20(14):1869-77.
148. Duffy MF, Caragounis A, Noviyanti R, Kyriacou HM, Choong EK,
Boysen K, Healer J, Rowe JA, Molyneux ME, Brown GV, Rogerson SJ.
Transcribed var genes associated with placental malaria in Malawian women.
Infect Immun 2006;74(8):4875-83.
149. Daza P, Banda R, Misoya K, Katsulukuta A, Gessner BD, Katsande R,
Mhlanga BR, Mueller JE, Nelson CB, Phiri A, Molyneux EM, Molyneux ME.
The impact of routine infant immunization with Haemophilus influenzae type b
conjugate vaccine in Malawi, a country with high human immunodeficiency virus
prevalence. Vaccine 2006;24(37-39):6232-9
150. Seydel KB, Milner DA Jr, Kamiza SB, Molyneux ME, Taylor TE. The
distribution and intensity of parasite sequestration in comatose Malawian
children. J Infect Dis 2006;194(2):208-5.
151. Harding SP, Lewallen S, Beare NA, Smith A, Taylor TE, Molyneux ME.
Classifying and grading retinal signs in severe malaria. Trop Doct 2006;36
Suppl 1:1-13.
152. Casals-Pascual C, Kai O, Cheung J, Williams S, Lowe B, Nyanoti M,
Williams TN, Maitland K, Molyneux ME, Newton CRJC, Peshu N, Watt SM,
Roberts DJ. Suppression of Erythropoiesis in Malarial Anemia is Associated with
Hemozoin in vitro and in vivo. Blood 2006;108(8):2569-77.
153. Simpson JA, Agbenyega T, Barnes KI, Di Perri G, Folb P, Gomes M,
Krishna S, Krudsood S, Looareesuwan S, Mansor S, McIlleron H, Miller R,
Molyneux ME, Mwenechanya J, Navaratnam V, Nosten F, Olliaro P, Pang L,
Ribeiro I, Tembo M, van Vugt M, Ward SA, Weerasuriya K, Win K, White NJ.
Population pharmacokinetic analysis of artesunate and dihydroartemisinin
following intra-rectal dosing of artesunate in patients with malaria. PLoS
Medicine 2006;3(11):e444.

154. Carrol ED, Mankhambo LA, Balmer P, Nkhoma S, Banda DL, Guiver M,
Jeffers G, Makwana N, Molyneux EM, Molyneux ME, Smyth RL, Hart CA, and
the IPD Study Group. Chemokine responses are increased in HIV-infected
Malawian children with invasive pneumococcal disease. J AIDS 2007;
44(4):443-450.
155. Bronzan RN, Taylor TE, Mwenechanya J, Tembo M, Kayira K, Bwanaisa
L, Njobvu A, Kondowe W, Chalira C, Walsh AL, Phiri A, Wilson LK, Molyneux
ME, Graham SM. Bacteremia in Malawian children with severe malaria:
prevalence, etiology, HIV co-infection and outcome. J Infect Dis 2007; 195
(6):895-904
156. Dobao C, Rogerson SJ, Taylor TE, McBride JS, Molyneux ME.
Expression of surface markers by Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes in
peripheral blood and tissues of children with fatal malaria. Infect Immun.
2007;75(2):643-652.
157. Bell DJ, Molyneux ME. Treatment of childhood falciparum malaria
current challenges. In: Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy 2007;5(1):141-52.
158. Bell DJ, Nyirongo SK, Molyneux ME, Winstanley PA, Ward SA.
Practical HPLC methods for the quantitative determination of common
antimalarials in Africa. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci
2007;847(2):231-6
159. Mallewa M, Fooks AR, Banda D, Chikungwa P, Mankhambo L,
Molyneux E, Molyneux M, Solomon T. Rabies Encephalitis in a Malaria-Endemic
Area, Malawi, Africa. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2007;13(1):136-9.
160. Koram K, Molyneux ME. When is "malaria" malaria? The different
burdens of malaria infection, malaria disease and malaria-like illnesses. In:
Breman JG, Alilio MS, White NJ (eds). Defining and defeating the intolerable
burden of malaria - III. Progress and perspectives. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2007;
77(6) supplement: 1-327.
161. Jaworowski A, Kamwendo DD, Ellery P, Sonza S, Mwapasa V, Tadesse
E, Molyneux ME, Rogerson SJ, Meshnick SR, Crowe SM. CD16+ monocyte
subset preferentially harbors HIV-1 and is expanded in pregnant Malawian
women with P falciparum malaria and HIV-1 infection. J Infect Dis
2007;196:38-42.
162. Nkhoma S, Molyneux ME, Ward SA. In vitro antimalarial susceptibility
profile and pfcrt/pfmdr-1 genotypes of Plasmodium falciparum field isolates from
Malawi. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2007;76(6):1107-1112
163. Gordon SB, Kayhty H, Molyneux ME, Haikala R, Nurkka A, Musaya J,
Zijlstra EE, Lindell D, French N. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine is
immunogenic in lung fluid of HIV infected and immunocompetent adults.
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology; 2007;120(1):208-10.
165. Molyneux ME, Marsh K, White NJ, Farrar J, French N, Day N, RowlandJones S. UK doctors are already put off by changes in training. (Letter). Brit
Med J 2007;334:709-710
166. MacLennan CA, van Oosterhout JJG, White SA, Drayson MT, Zijlstra EE,
Molyneux ME. Finger-prick blood samples can be used interchangeably with
venous samples for CD4 counting indicating their potential for use in CD4 rapid
tests. AIDS 2007; 21(12):1643-1645
167. Carrol ED, Guiver M, Nkhoma S, Mankhambo LA, Marsh J, Balmer P,
Banda DL, Balmer P, Banda DL, Jeffers G, the IPD Study Group, White SA,
Molyneux EM, Molyneux ME, Smyth RL, Hart CA. High pneumococcal DNA

loads are associated with mortality in Malawian children with invasive

pneumococcal disease. Paed Infect Dis J 2007;5:416-422
168. Eagan R, Twigg HL, French N, Musaya J, Day RB, Zijlstra EE, Tolmie H,
Wyler D, Molyneux ME, Gordon SB. Lung fluid immunoglobulin from HIV-infected
subjects has impaired opsonic function against pneumococci. Clin Infect Dis
2007;44(12):1632-8.
169. Mwandumba HC, Bertel Squire S, White SA, Nyirenda MH, Kampondeni
SD, Rhoades ER, Zijlstra EE, Molyneux ME, Russell DG. Association between
sputum smear status and local immune responses at the site of disease in HIV-infected
patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2008;88(1):58-63.
170. MacLennan CA, Liu MKP, White SA, van Oosterhout JJG, Simukonda F,
Bwanali J, Moore MJ, Zijlstra EE, Drayson MT, Molyneux ME. Diagnostic
accuracy and clinical utility of a simplified low-cost flow-cytometric CD4
counting method in Malawi. Brit Med J 2007;335:190-193
171. Pedersen BR, Kamwendo D, Blood M, Mwapasa V, Molyneux ME, North
K, Rogerson SR, Zimmerman P, Meshnick SR. Low CCR5 expression
haplotypes are associated with reduced mother-to-child HIV transmission in
Malawi. PLoS-One 2007;2(9):e838
172. Dobao C, Rogerson SJ, Taylor TE, McBride JS, Molyneux ME.
Expression of merozoite surface protein markers by Plasmodium falciparum-infected
erythrocytes in peripheral blood and tissues of children with fatal
malaria. Infect Immun. 2007 Feb;75(2):643-52.
173. Nkhoma S, Molyneux ME, Ward SA. Molecular surveillance for drug resistant
Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Malawi. Act Tropica 2007;102:138-142.
174. Mwandumba HC, Squire SB, White SA, Nyirenda MH, Zijlstra EE,
Molyneux ME, Russell DG, Rhoades ER. Alveolar macrophages from HIV-infected
patients with pulmonary tuberculosis retain the capacity to respond to
stimulation by lipopolysaccharide. Microbes & Infection 2007;9(9):1053-60
175. Gordon MA, Gordon SB, Musaya L, Zijlstra EE, Molyneux ME, Read
RC. Primary macrophages from HIV-infected adults show dysregulated cytokine
responses to Salmonella but normal internalization and killing. AIDS 2007;
21:2399-2408
176. Birbeck GL, Potchen MJ, Kaplan P, Molyneux ME, Taylor TE. EEG and
neuroimaging findings in Malawian childhood cerebral malaria survivors.
Neurology 2007;12(suppl 1):A138.
177. Calis CJ, Phiri KS, Faragher EB, Brabin BJ, Bates I, Cuevas LE, de Haan
RJ, Phiri AI, Malange P, Khoka M, Hulshof PJM, van Lieshout L, Beld MGHM,
Teo YY, Rockett KA, Richardson A, Kwiatkowski D, Molyneux ME, Boele van
Hensbroek M. Factors associated with severe anemia in Malawian children. New
Engl J Med 2008;358:888-899
178. Gordon MA, Graham SM, Walsh AL, Wilson L, Phiri A, Molyneux EM,
Zijlstra EE, Heyderman RS, Hart CA, Molyneux ME. Epidemics of Invasive
Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Infections among Adults and Children associated with
Multidrug Resistance in Malawi. Clin Infect Dis 2008; 46:963-969.
179. Boeuf P, Tan A, Romagosa C, Radford J, Mwapasa V, Molyneux M,
Meshnick S, Hunt N, Rogerson S. Placental hypoxia during placental malaria.
J Infect Dis 2008;197(5):757-765
180. Fry AE, Griffiths MJ, Auburn S, Diakite M, Forton JT, Green A,
Richardson A, Wilson J, Jallow M, Sisay-Joof F, Pinder M, Peshu N, Williams
TN, Marsh K, Molyneux ME, Taylor TE, Rockett KA, Kwiatkowski DP.

Common variation in the ABO glycosyl transferase is associated with

susceptibility to severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Hum Mol Genet
2008;17(4):567-576.
181. Mfutso-Bengo J, Masiye F, Molyneux M, Ndebele P, Chilungo A. Why
do people refuse to take part in biomedical research studies? Evidence from a
resource-poor area. Malawi Med J 2008;20(2):57-63.
182. Mfutso-Bengo J, Ndebele P, Jumbe V, Mkunthi M, Masiye F, Molyneux
S, Molyneux ME. Why do individuals agree to enrol in clinical trials? A
qualitative study of health research participation in Blantyre, Malawi. Malawi
Med J 2008;20(2):37-41.
183. Birbeck G, Molyneux ME, Kaplan P, Mwandira E, Jafuli M, Taylor T.
The role of malarial retinopathy in the diagnosis of cerebral malaria and risk
factors for adverse neurologic outcomes. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2008;
184. GL Birbeck, M Molyneux, PW Kaplan, E Mwandira, M Sapuwa, M Jafuli,
TE Taylor. Neurologic outcomes among cerebral malaria survivors: The Blantyre
Malaria Project Epilepsy Study. Neurology (accepted 23 January 2008).
185. Wassmer SC, Taylor T, Maclennan CA, Kanjala M, Mukaka M,
Molyneux ME, Grau GE. Platelet-Induced Clumping of Plasmodium falciparumInfected Erythrocytes from Malawian Patients with Cerebral Malaria Possible
Modulation In Vivo by Thrombocytopenia. J Infect Dis 2008;197(1):72-78.
186. Molyneux ME. Malaria. In: Mechanisms of Disease, 2nd Edn 2008, ed
S Tomlinson. Cambridge University Press.
187. Fry AE, Auburn S, Diakite M, Green A, Richardson A, Wilson J, Jallow
M, Sisay-Joof F, Pinder M, Griffiths MJ, Peshu N, Williams TN, Marsh K,
Molyneux ME, Taylor TE, Rockett KA, Kwiatkowski DP. Variation in the
ICAM-1 gene is not associated with severe malaria phenotypes. Genes &
Immunity 2008; 9(5):462-469
188. Bell DJ, Nyirongo S, Mukaka M, Zijlstra E, Plowe CV, Molyneux ME, Ward SA
and Winstanley PA. Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine based combinations for non-severe
malaria: a randomised blinded trial to compare efficacy, adverse effects and selection
of resistance in Malawi. PLoS-One 2008;3(2):e1578
189. Brownsword R, Cermak A, Chaisson R, Clayman MD, Corr PB, DeCherney S,
Grady C, Higgs ES, Kumar NK, Lie R, Merritt M, Molyneux ME, Petros B,
Richardson HS, Sugarman J. The Ancillary-Care Obligations of
Medical Researchers Working in Developing Countries. PLoS Medicine
2008;5(5):e90
190. Daniel G. Wootton, Hyginus Opara, Giancarlo A. Biagini, Maxwell K.
Kanjala, Stephan Duparc, Paula L. Kirby, Mary Woessner, Colin Neate, Maggie
Nyirenda, Hannah Blencowe, Queen Dube-Mbeye, Thomas Kanyok, Stephen
Ward, Malcolm Molyneux, Sam Dunyo, Peter A. Winstanley. Open-label
comparative clinical study of chlorproguanildapsone fixed dose combination
(Lapdap) alone or with three different doses of artesunate for uncomplicated
Plasmodium falciparum malaria. PLoS One 2008;3(3):e1779
191. Southern CL, Beare NAV, Falsini B, Lochhead J, Molyneux ME, Taylor
TE, Harding SP. Delayed visual evoked potentials in children with P. falciparum
malaria and reduced consciousness. J Ped Neurol 2008
192. MacLennan C, Gondwe E, Msefula C, Kingsley R, Thomson N, White S,
Goodall M, Pickard G, Graham SM, Dougan G, Molyneux ME, Drayson M. The
neglected role of antibody in protection against non-typhoidal salmonella
bacteremia in African children. J Clin Invest 2008;118(4):1553-1562

193. MacLennan C, Dzumani F, Namarika A, Moons P, Senga E, Molyneux

ME, Drayson MT, Bunn JEG. Affordable pediatric CD4 counting by flow
cytometry in Malawi. Cytometry Part B (Clinical Cytometry) 2008;74B (Suppl
1):590-597.
194. Dobano C, Rogerson SJ, MacKinnon MJ, Cavanagh DR, Taylor TE,
Molyneux ME, McBride JS. Differential antibody responses to P falciparum
merozoite proteins in Malawian children with severe malaria. J Infect Dis
2008;197:766-774
195. Glover SJ, Harding SP, Molyneux ME, Lewallen S, Taylor TE, Beare
NAV. Fundus fluorescein angiography in paediatric cerebral malaria.
Invest Ophth & Vis Sci 2008 :49(5):5047.
196. N Mtunthama, R Malamba, N French, M E Molyneux, E E Zijlstra, S B
Gordon. Malawians permit research bronchoscopy due to perceived need for
healthcare. J Med Ethics 2008;34(4):303-7
197. Lewallen S, Bronzan RN, Beare NA, Harding SP, Molyneux ME, Taylor
TE. Using malarial retinopathy to improve the classification of children with
cerebral malaria. Trans Roy Soc Trop Med Hyg 2008;102:1089-1094
198. Bruce M, Macheso A, Kelly-Hope LA, Nkhoma S, McConnachie A,
Molyneux ME. Effect of transmission setting and mixed species infections on
clinical measures of malaria in Malawi. PLoS One 2009;199(2):263-271
199. Phiri KS, Calis CJ, Faragher B, Nkhoma E, Ngoma K, Mangochi B,
Molyneux ME, Boele van Hensbroek M. Long term outcome of severe anaemia
in Malawian children. PLoS One 2008;3(8):e2903
200. Beare N, Kampondeni S, Glover SJ, Molyneux EM, Taylor TE, Harding
SP, Molyneux ME. Detection of raised intracranial pressure by ultrasound
measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter in African children. Trop Med
Internat Health 2008;13:1400-1404
201. Auburn S, Diakite M, Fry AE, Ghansah A, Campino S, Richardson A,
Jallow M, Sisay-Joof F, Pinder M, Griffiths MJ, Peshu N, Williams TN, Marsh K,
Molyneux ME, Taylor TE, Koram KA, Oduro AR, Rogers WO, Rockett KA,
Haldar K, Kwiatkowski DP. Association of the GNAS locus with severe
Malaria. Hum Genet 2008;124(5):499-506.
202. Bell DJ, Dacombe R, Graham SM, Cohen D, Chikaonda T, French N,
Molyneux ME, Zijlstra EE, Squire SB, Gordon SB. Simple measures are as
effective as invasive techniques in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in
Malawi. Int J Tuberculosis & Lung Dis 2009;13(1):99-104
203. Campino S, Forton J, Clark TG, Auburn S, Fry A, Richardson A, Hull J,
Jallow M, Sisay-Joof F, Pinder M, Molyneux ME, Taylor TE, Rockett K,
Kwiatkowski DP. TLR9 and severe malaria: an analysis of case-control, family
trio and allelic expression data. Malaria Journal 2008;Mar 13;8:44. doi:
10.1186/1475-2875-8-44.
204. Dembo, E.G., Mwapasa, V., Montgomery, J., Craig, A.G., Porter, K.A.,
Meshnick, S.R., Molyneux, M.E. and Rogerson, S.J. The impact of HIV
infection in pregnant women on variant specific immunity to malaria. Clin
Vaccine Immunol 2008;15(4):617-21.
205. Kwiek JJ, Mwapasa V, Alker AP, Muula AS, Misiri HE, Molyneux ME,
Rogerson SJ, Behets FM, Meshnick SR. Socio-demographic characteristics
associated with HIV and syphilis seroreactivity among pregnant women in
Blantyre, Malawi, 2000-2004. Malawi Med J 2008;20(3):80-5.
206. Mtunthama N, Gordon SB, Kusimbwe T, Zijlstra EE, Molyneux ME,

French N. Blood culture collection technique and pneumococcal surveillance in

Malawi during the four year period 2003-2006: an observational study. BMC
Infectious Diseases 2008;8:137.
207. Beare N, Harding SP, Taylor TE, Lewallen S, Molyneux ME. Perfusion
abnormalities in children with cerebral malaria and malarial retinopathy. J Infect
Dis 2009;199(2):263-271
208. White V, Lewallen S, Beare N, Molyneux ME, Taylor TE. Retinal
pathology of pediatric cerebral malaria in Malawi. PLoS One 2009; 4(1):e4317.
209. Beare N, Glover S, Molyneux ME. Malarial retinopathy in cerebral
malaria. (Images in Clinical Tropical Medicine). Am J Trop Med Hyg
2009;80(2):171.
210. Fullerton DG, Jere K, Jambo K, Kulkarni N, Zijlstra E, Grigg J, French N,
Molyneux ME, Gordon SB. Domestic smoke exposure is associated with
alveolar macrophage particulate load. Trop Med Internat Health 2009;14(3):349354
211. Malenga G, Wirima J, Kazembe P, Nyasulu Y, Mbvundula M, Nyirenda
C, Sungani F, Campbell C, Molyneux M, Bronzan R, Dodoli W, Ali D, Kabuluzi
S. Developing national treatment policy for falciparum malaria in Africa: Malawi
experience. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2009;103 Suppl 1:S15-8.
212. Mangano VD, Clark TG, Auburn S, Campino S, Diakite M, Fry AE,
Green A, Richardson A, Jallow M, Sisay-Joof F, Pinder M, Griffiths MJ, Newton
C, Peshu N, Williams TN, Marsh K, Molyneux ME, Taylor TE, Modiano D,
Kwiatkowski DP, Rockett KA. Lack of association of interferon regulatory
factor 1 with severe malaria in affected child-parental trio studies across three
African populations. PLoS One. 2009;4(1):e4206.
213. Campino S, Forton J, Auburn S, Fry A, Diakite M, Richardson A, Hull J,
Jallow M, Sisay-Joof F, Pinder M, Molyneux ME, Taylor TE, Rockett K, Clark
TG, Kwiatkowski DP. TLR9 polymorphisms in African populations: no
association with severe malaria, but evidence of cis-variants acting on gene
expression. Malar J. 2009;8(1):44.
214. Clark TG, Diakite M, Auburn S, Campino S, Fry AE, Green A,
Richardson A, Small K, Teo YY, Wilson J, Jallow M, Sisay-Joof F, Pinder M,
Griffiths MJ, Peshu N, Williams TN, Marsh K, Molyneux ME, Taylor TE,
Rockett KA, Kwiatkowski DP. Tumor Necrosis Factor and Lymphotoxin-alpha
Polymorphisms and Severe Malaria in African Populations. J Infect Dis
2009;199(4):569-575.
215. Nyirongo V, Molyneux ME, Kwiatkowski D, Rockett K, Taylor TE.
Haplotypic analysis of SNPs in candidate genes for severe malaria in Malawi.
Genes & Immunity 2009.
216. Jallow M, Teo YY, Small KS,...Molyneux ME,...Kwiatkowski DP,
Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium, Malaria Genomic Epidemiology
Network. Genome-wide and fine-resolution association analysis of malaria in
West Africa. Nature Genetics 2009;41(6):657-665. [Many additional authors]
217. Jaworowski A, Fernandes LA, Yosaatmadja F, Feng G, Mwapasa V,
Molyneux ME, Meshnick SR, Lewis J, Rogerson SJ. Relationship between
human immunodeficiency virus type 1 co-infection, anemia, and levels and
function of antibodies to variant surface antigens in pregnancy-associated malaria.
Clin Vaccine Immunol 2009;16(3):312-9.
218. SanJoaquin MA, Molyneux ME. Malaria and vitamin A deficiency in
African children: a vicious circle? Malaria Journal, 8:134

219. Molyneux EM, Mankhambo LA, Phiri A, Graham SM, Forsyth H, Phiri
A, Walsh AL, Wilson LK, Molyneux ME. The outcome of non-typhoidal
salmonella meningitis in Malawian children, 1997-2006. Ann Trop Paediatr
2009;29(1):13-22.
220. Larru B, Molyneux EM, ter Kuile FO, Taylor TE, Molyneux ME,
Terlouw DJ. Short report. Malaria in infants < 6 months: retrospective
surveillance of hospital admission records in Blantyre, Malawi. Malaria Journal
2009; Dec 29;8:310. doi: 10.1186/1475-2875-8-310.
221. Kingsley RA, Msefula CL, Thomson NR, Kariuki S, Holt K, Gordon
MA, Whitehead S, Sangal V, Marsh K, Achtman M, Molyneux ME, MacLennan
CA, Heyderman RS, Dougan G. Epidemic multiply-drug-resistant Salmonella
Typhimurium causing invasive disease in Sub-Saharan Africa. Genome Res
2009;19:2279-2287.
222. Bell DJ, Wootton D, Mukaka M, Montgomery J, Kayange N, Chimpeni
P, Hughes DA, Molyneux ME, Ward SA, Winstanley PA, Lalloo DG.
Measurement of adherence, drug concentrations and the effectiveness of
artemether-lumefantrine, chlorproguanil-dapsone or sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine
in the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in Malawi. Malar J 2009;26(8):204.
223. Phiri H, Montgomery J, Molyneux M, Craig A. Competitive endothelial
adhesion between Plasmodium falciparum isolates under physiological flow
conditions. Malar J 2009;8:214.
224. Chimalizeni Y, Kawaza K, Taylor TE, Molyneux ME. The platelet
count in cerebral malaria - is it useful to the clinician? Am J Trop Med Hyg
2010;83:48-50
225. Mankhambo L, Phiri A, Mallewa M, Molyneux ME. Management of
severe malaria. Therapy 2010;
226. Mandala WL, MacLennan JM, Gondwe EN, Ward SA, Molyneux ME,
MacLennan CA. Lymphocyte subsets in healthy Malawians: implications for
immunologic assessment of HIV infection in Africa. J Allergy Clin Immunol
2010;125:203-208
227. MacLennan CA, Gilchrist JJ, Gordon MA, Cunningham AF, Cobbold M,
Goodall, Kingsley RM, van Oosterhout JG, Msefula CL, Mandala WL, Leyton
DL, Marshall JL, Gondwe EN, Bobat S, Lpez-Macas C, Henderson IR, Zijlstra
EE, Dougan G, Drayson MT, MacLennan ICM, Molyneux ME. Dysregulated
humoral immunity to nontyphoidal Salmonella in HIV-infected African adults.
Science 2010;328:508-512.
228. Gondwe EN, Molyneux ME, Goodall M, Graham SM, Mastroeni P,
Drayson MT, MacLennan CA. Importance of antibody and complement for
oxidative burst and killing of invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella by blood cells in
Africans. Proc Nat Acad Sci 2010;107:3070-3075
229. Gordon MA, Kankwatira AM, Mwafulirwa G, Walsh AL, Hopkins MJ,
Parry CM, Faragher EB, Zijlstra EE, Heyderman RS, Molyneux ME. Invasive
non-typhoid Salmonellae establish systemic intracellular infection in HIV-infected
adults; an emerging disease pathogenesis. Clin Infect Dis 2010;50.
230. Birbeck GL, Beare N, Lewallen S, Glover SJ, Molyneux ME, Kaplan
PW, Taylor TE. Identification of malaria retinopathy improves the specificity of
the clinical diagnosis of cerebral malaria: findings from a prospective cohort
study. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2010;82(2):231234
231. Bridges D, Bunn J, van Mourik JA, Grau GE, Preston RJS, Molyneux
ME, Combes V, ODonnell JS, de Laat B, Craig AG. Rapid activation of

endothelial cells enables Plasmodium falciparum adhesion to platelet-decorated

von Willebrand factor strings. Blood 2010;115:1472-1474
232. Glover SJ, Kawaza K, Chimalizeni Y, Molyneux ME. What can we
learn from the retina in severe malaria? Adv Exp Med Biol 2010;659:89-97
233. Auburn S, Fry AE, Clark TG, Campino S, Diakite M, Green A,
Richardson A, Jallow M, Sisay-Joof F, Pinder M, Molyneux ME, Taylor TE,
Haldar K, Rockett KA, Kwiatkowski DP. Further evidence supporting a role for
gs signal transduction in severe malaria pathogenesis. PLoS One 2010;5(4):e10017
234. Boele van Hensbroek M, Calis JCJ, Phiri KS, Vet R, Munthali F,
Kraaijenhagen R, van den Berg H, Faragher B, Bates I, Molyneux ME.
Pathophysiological mechanisms of severe anemia in Malawian children. PloS
One 2010;5(9):e12589.
235. Smith S, Molyneux ME, Simel DL, Meshnick SR, Juliano JJ. Does this
patient have malaria? JAMA 2010;304(18):2048-2056
236. Birbeck GL, Molyneux ME, Kaplan PW, Seydel KB, Chimalizeni YF,
Kawaza K, Taylor TE. Blantyre Malaria Project Epilepsy Study (BMPES) of
neurological outcomes in retinopathy-positive paediatric cerebral malaria
survivors: a prospective cohort study. Lancet Neurol. 2010 Dec;9(12):1173-81.
237. Calis JC, Phiri KS, Vet RJ, de Haan RJ, Munthali F, Kraaijenhagen RJ,
Hulshof PJ, Molyneux ME, Brabin BJ, Boele van Hensbroek M, Bates I.
Erythropoiesis in HIV-infected and -uninfected Malawian children with severe
Anemia. AIDS 2010;24(18):2883-7.
238. Cunliffe NA, Ngwira BM, Dove W, Thindwa BD, Turner AM,
Broadhead RL, Molyneux ME, Hart CA. Epidemiology of rotavirus infection in
children in Blantyre, Malawi, 1997-2007. J Infect Dis 2010;202 Suppl:S168-74.
239. Feng G, Simpson JA, Chaluluka E, Molyneux ME, Rogerson SJ.
Decreasing burden of malaria in pregnancy in Malawian women and its
relationship to use of intermittent preventive therapy or bed nets. PLoS One
2010;5(8). pii: e12012.
240. Atade R, Hasang W, Wilson DW, Beeson JG, Mwapasa V, Molyneux
ME, Meshnick SR, Rogerson SJ. Using an improved phagocytosis assay to
evaluate the effect of HIV on specific antibodies to pregnancy-associated malaria.
PLoS One 2010;5(5):e10807
241. Glover SJ, Maude RJ, Taylor TE, Molyneux ME, Beare NA. Malarial
retinopathy and fluorescein angiography findings in a Malawian child with
cerebral malaria. Lancet Infect Dis. 2010;10(6):440.
242. Mankhambo LA, Banda DL; IPD Study Group, Jeffers G, White SA,
Balmer P, Nkhoma S, Phiri H, Molyneux EM, Hart CA, Molyneux ME,
Heyderman RS, Carrol ED. The role of angiogenic factors in predicting clinical
outcome in severe bacterial infection in Malawian children. Crit Care
2010;14(3):R91
243. French N, Gordon SB, Mwalukomo T, White SA, Mwafulirwa G, Longwe
H, Mwaiponya M, Zijlstra EE, Molyneux ME, Gilks CF. A trial of a 7-valent
pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in HIV-infected adults. N Engl J Med
2010;362(9):812-22.
244. Lochhead J, Movaffaghy A, Falsini B, Harding S, Riva C, Molyneux M.
The effects of hypoxia on the ERG in paediatric cerebral malaria. Eye (Lond).
2010;24(2):259-64.
245. Conroy AL, Phiri H, Hawkes M, Glover S, Mallewa M, Seydel K, Taylor
TE, Molyneux ME, Kain KC. Endothelium-based biomarkers are associated with

cerebral malaria in Malawian children. PLoS One 2010;5(12):e15291.

246. Kudzala A, Molyneux ME. Mandatory HIV testing? A public debate.
Report of an open panel discussion convened in Blantyre, December 2010.
Malawi Med J. 2010;22(4):132-3.
247. Lubell Y, Staedke S, Greenwood BM, Kamya M, Newton P, Molyneux
ME, Reyburn H, Snow RW, D'Alessandro U, English M, Day N, Kremsner P,
Dondorp A, Mbacham W, Dorsey G, Owusu-Agyei S, Maitland K, Krishna S,
Newton C, Pasvol G, von Seidlein L, Taylor TE, White NJ, Binka F, Mills AJ,
Whitty CJM. Likely Health Outcomes for Untreated Acute Febrile Illness in
The Tropics in Decision and Economic Models; A Delphi Survey. PloS One
2011;6(2):e17439.
248. Everett DB, Mukaka M, Denis B, Gordon SB, Carrol E, van Oosterhout
JJ, Molyneux EM, Molyneux ME, French N, Heyderman RS. Ten years of
surveillance for invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae during the era of
cotrimoxazole prophylaxis and antiretroviral scale-up in Malawi. PloS One
2011:6(3):e17765
249. Bruce MC, Macheso A, McConnachie A, Molyneux ME. Comparative
population structure of Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium falciparum under
different transmission settings in Malawi. Malaria Journal 2011;10:38
250. Dorovini-Zis K, Schmidt K, Hanh Huynh, Wenjiang Fu, Whitten RO,
Milner D, Kamiza S, Molyneux ME, Taylor TE. The Neuropathology of fatal
cerebral malaria in Malawian children. American Journal of Pathology 2011;
178(5):2146-58.
251. Beare NAV, Lewallen S, Taylor TE, Molyneux ME. Redefining cerebral
malaria by including malaria retinopathy. Future Microbiology 2011; 6(3):34955.
252. Carrol ED, Mankhambo LA, Guiver M, Banda DL, The IPD Study
Group, Denis B, Dove W, Jeffers G, Molyneux EM, Molyneux ME, Hart CA,
Graham SM. PCR improves diagnostic yield from lung aspiration in Malawian
children with radiologically confirmed pneumonia. PloS One; 2011;6(6):e21042.
253. Wassmer SC, Moxon CA, Taylor T, Grau GE, Molyneux ME, Craig AG.
Vascular endothelial cells cultured from patients with cerebral or uncomplicated
malaria exhibit differential reactivity to TNF. Cell Microbiol. 2011;13(2):198-209.
254. Silver KL, Conroy AL, Leke RG, Leke RJ, Gwanmesia P, Molyneux ME,
Wallace DT, Rogerson SJ, Kain KC. Circulating soluble endoglin levels in
pregnant women in Cameroon and Malawi - associations with placental malaria
and fetal growth restriction. PLoS One. 2011;6(9):e24985
255. Phiri HT, Bridges DJ, Glover SJ, van Mourik JA, de Laat B, Mbaya B,
Taylor TE, Seydel KB, Molyneux ME, Faragher B, Craig AG, Bunn J. Elevated
Plasma Von Willibrand Factor and Propeptide Levels in Malawian Children with
Malaria. PloS One 2011;6(11):e25626.
256. Carrol ED, Payton A, Payne D, Miyajima F, Chaponda M, Mankhambo
LA, Banda DL, Molyneux EM, Cox H, Jacobson G, Carr DF, Molyneux ME,
Stewart JP, Quinn JP, Hart CA, Ollier WE. The IL1RN promoter rs4251961
correlates with IL-1 receptor antagonist concentrations in human infection and is
differentially regulated by GATA-1. J Immunol. 2011;186(4):2329-35.
257. Graham SM, Mankhambo L, Phiri A, Kaunda S, Chikaonda T, Mukaka
M, Molyneux EM, Carrol ED, Molyneux ME. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2011;30(1):33-8.
258. Atade R, Mwapasa V, Molyneux ME, Meshnick SR, Rogerson SJ.
Antibodies that induce phagocytosis of malaria infected erythrocytes: effect of

HIV infection and correlation with clinical outcomes. PLoS One 2011;6(7):e22491.
259. Bell DJ, Nyirongo SK, Mukaka M, Molyneux ME, Winstanley PA, Ward
SA. Population pharmacokinetics of sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine in Malawian
children with malaria. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2011;89(2):268-75.
260. Herricks T, Seydel KB, Turner G, Molyneux M, Heyderman R, Taylor T,
Rathod PK. A microfluidic system to study cytoadhesion of Plasmodium
falciparum infected erythrocytes to primary brain microvascular endothelial cells.
Lab Chip 2011;11(17):2994-3000.
261. Hartung TK, Chimbayo D, van Oosterhout JJ, Chikaonda T, van
Doornum GJ, Claas EC, Melchers WJ, Molyneux ME, Zijlstra EE. Etiology of
suspected pneumonia in adults admitted to a high-dependency unit in Blantyre,
Malawi. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2011;85(1):105-12.
262. Whitten R, Milner DA Jr, Yeh MM, Kamiza S, Molyneux ME, Taylor
TE. Liver pathology in Malawian children with fatal encephalopathy. Hum
Pathol 2011;42(9):1230-9.
263. Ajdukiewicz KM, Cartwright KE, Scarborough M, Mwambene JB,
Goodson P, Molyneux ME, Zijlstra EE, French N, Whitty CJ, Lalloo DG.
Glycerol adjuvant therapy in adults with bacterial meningitis in a high HIV
seroprevalence setting in Malawi: a double-blind, randomised controlled trial.
Lancet Infect Dis 2011;11(4):293-300.
264. Bhanushali M, Taylor TE, Molyneux ME, Sapuwa M, Mwandira E,
Birbeck GL. Evoked potentials in pediatric cerebral malaria. Neurol Int
2011;3(3):e14.
265. Conroy A, Rogerson SJ, Molyneux ME, Liles C, Kain K. Performance
Characteristics of Combinations of Host Biomarkers to Identify Women with
Occult Placental Malaria: A Case-Control Study from Malawi. PloS One
2011;6(12):e28540.
266. Taylor SM, Antonia A, Feng G, Mwapasa V, Chaluluka E, Molyneux M,
Ter Kuile FO, Rogerson SJ, Meshnick SR. Adaptive evolution and fixation of
drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum genotypes in pregnancy-associated
malaria: 9-year results from the QuEERPAM study. Infect Genet Evol
2012;12(2):282-90.
267. Danny A Milner, Jimmy Vareta, Clarissa Valim, Jacqui Montgomery,
Rachel F Daniels, Sarah K Volkman, Daniel E Neafsey, Daniel J Park, Stephen F
Schaffner, Nira C Mahesh, Kayla G Barnes, David M Rosen, Amanda K Lukens,
Daria Van Tyne, Roger C Wiegand, Pardis C Sabeti, Karl B Seydel, Simon J
Glover, Steve Kamiza, Malcolm E Molyneux, Terrie E Taylor and Dyann F
Wirth. Human cerebral malaria and Plasmodium falciparum genotypes in
Malawi. Malaria Journal 2012;11:35
268. Conroy AL, Glover SJ, Hawkes M, Erdman LK, Seydel KB, Taylor TE,
Molyneux ME, Kain KC. Angiopoietin-2 levels are associated with retinopathy
and predict mortality in Malawian children with cerebral malaria: a retrospective
case-control study. Crit Care Med 2012;40(3):952-959
269. Taylor SM, Antonia A, Chaluluka E, Mwapasa V, Feng G, Molyneux
ME, ter Kuile F, Meshnick SR, Rogerson SJ. Antenatal receipt of sulfadoxinepyrimethamine does not exacerbate pregnancy-associated malaria despite the
expansion of drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum: clinical outcomes from the
QuEERPAM study. Clin Infect Dis 2012;55(1):42-50.
270. Adam D Irwin, Fiona Marriage, Limangeni A Mankhambo, IPD Study
Group, Graham Jeffers, Ruwanthi Kolamunnage-Dona, Malcolm Guiver, Brigitte

Denis, Elizabeth M Molyneux, Malcolm E Molyneux, Philip J Day and Enitan D

Carrol. Novel biomarker combination improves the diagnosis of serious bacterial
infections in Malawian children. BMC Medical Genomics 2012;4;5(1):13
271. Potchen MJ, Kampondeni SD, Seydel KB, Birbeck GL, Hammond CA,
Bradley WG, DeMarco JK, Glover SJ, Ugorji JO, Latourette MT, Siebert JE,
Molyneux ME, Taylor TE. Acute Brain MRI Findings in 120 Malawian Children
with Cerebral Malaria: New Insights into an Ancient Disease. Am J Neuroradiol.
2012;33(9):1740-6.
272. Roca-Feltrer A, Kwizombe CJ, Sanjoaquin MA, Sesay S, Faragher B,
Harrison J, Geukers K, Kabuluzi S, Mathanga D, Molyneux E, Chagomera M,
Taylor T, Molyneux M, Heyderman R. Lack of decline in childhood malaria,
Malawi 2001-2010. Emerg Infect Dis 2012;18:272-8
273. Shaukat AM, Gilliams EA, LJ, Laurens MB, Dzinjalamala FK, Nyirenda
OM, Thesing PC, Jacob CG, Molyneux ME, Taylor TE, Plowe CV, Laufer MK.
Clinical manifestations of new versus recrudescent malaria infections following
anti-malarial drug treatment. Malaria Journal 2012;11:207
274. Rogawski ET, Chaluluka E, Molyneux ME, Feng G, Rogerson SJ,
Meshnick SR. The effects of malaria and intermittent preventive treatment
during pregnancy on fetal anemia in Malawi. Clin Infect Dis 2012; 55(8):1096-102.
275. Seydel KB, Fox LL, Glover SJ, Reeves MJ, Pensulo P, Muiruri A,
Mpakiza A, Molyneux ME, Taylor TE. Plasma concentrations of parasite
histidine-rich protein 2 distinguish between retinopathy-positive and retinopathynegative cerebral malaria in Malawian children. J Infect Dis. 2012;206(3):309-18.
276. Molyneux E, Mathanga D, Witte D, Molyneux M. Practical issues in
relation to clinical trials in children in low-income countries: experience from the
front line. Arch Dis Child 2012;97(9):848-51
277. Malenga G, Molyneux M. The Millennium Villages Project
(Commentary). Lancet 2012;379(9832):2131-3
278. Postels D, Taylor TE, Molyneux ME, Mannor K, Kaplan PW, Seydel KB,
Chimalizeni YF, Kawaza K, Birbeck GL. Neurologic outcomes in retinopathynegative cerebral malaria survivors. Neurology 2012;79(12):1268-72.
279. Msefula CL, Kingsley RA, Gordon MA, Molyneux E, Molyneux ME,
Maclennan CA, Dougan G, Heyderman RS. Genotypic homogeneity of
multidrug resistant s. Typhimurium infecting distinct adult and childhood
susceptibility groups in Blantyre, Malawi. PLoS One 2012;7(7):e42085.
280. Rogawski ET, Chaluluka E, Molyneux ME, Feng G, Rogerson SJ,
Meshnick SR. The Effects of Malaria and Intermittent Preventive Treatment
During Pregnancy on Fetal Anemia in Malawi. Clin Infect Dis 2012;55(8):1096-102
281. Beare NAV, Glover S, Lewallen S, Taylor TE, Harding SP, Molyneux
M. Prevalence of raised intracranial pressure in cerebral malaria detected by optic
nerve sheath ultrasound. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygeine
2012;87(6):985-8
282. Boeuf P, Aitken EH, Chandrasiri U, Chua CL, McInerney B, McQuade L, Duffy
M, Molyneux M, Brown G, Glazier J, Rogerson SJ. Plasmodium falciparum Malaria
Elicits Inflammatory Responses that Dysregulate Placental Amino Acid Transport
PLoS Pathog. 2013;9(2):e1003153
283. Mzilahowa T, Hastings MI, Molyneux ME, McCall JP. Entomological indices of
malaria transmission in Chikhwawa district, Southern Malawi. Malaria Journal 2012,
11:380.

284. Herricks T, Seydel KB, Molyneux M, Taylor T, Rathod PK. Estimating physical
splenic filtration of Plasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cells in malaria
patients. Cell Microbiol 2012;14(12):1880-91.
285. Milner DA Jr, Valim C, Luo R, Playforth KB, Kamiza S, Molyneux ME, Seydel
KB, Taylor TE. Supraorbital postmortem brain sampling for definitive quantitative
confirmation of cerebral sequestration of Plasmodium falciparum parasites.
J Infect Dis 2012;205(10):1601-6.
286. Milner D Jr, Factor R, Whitten R, Carr RA, Kamiza S, Pinkus G, Molyneux M,
Taylor T. Pulmonary pathology in pediatric cerebral malaria. Hum
Pathol 2013;44(12):2719-26.
287. Milner DA Jr, Valim C, Carr RA, Chandak PB, Fosiko NG, Whitten R, Playforth
KB, Seydel KB, Kamiza S, Molyneux ME, Taylor TE. A histological method for
quantifying Plasmodium falciparum in the brain in fatal paediatric cerebral malaria.
Malar J 2013;12:191.
288. Moxon CA, Wassmer SC, Milner DA Jr, Chisala NV, Taylor TE, Seydel KB,
Molyneux ME, Faragher B, Esmon CT, Downey C, Toh CH, Craig AG, Heyderman
RS. Loss of endothelial protein C receptors links coagulation and inflammation to
parasite sequestration in cerebral malaria in African children. Blood 2013;122(5):84251.
289. Chua CL, Brown GV, Hamilton JA, Molyneux ME, Rogerson SJ, Boeuf P.
Soluble CD163, a product of monocyte/macrophage activation, is inversely associated
with haemoglobin levels in placental malaria. PLoS One 2013;8(5):e64127.
290. Band G, Le QS, Jostins L, Pirinen M, Kivinen K, Jallow M, Sisay-Joof F,
Bojang K, Pinder M, Sirugo G, Conway DJ, Nyirongo V, Kachala D, Molyneux M,
Taylor T, Ndila C, Peshu N, Marsh K, Williams TN, Alcock D, Andrews R, Edkins S,
Gray E, Hubbart C, Jeffreys A, Rowlands K, Schuldt K, Clark TG, Small KS, Teo
YY, Kwiatkowski DP, Rockett KA, Barrett JC, Spencer CC; Malaria Genomic
Epidemiology Network. Imputation-based meta-analysis of severe malaria in three
African populations. PLoS Genet 2013;9(5):e1003509.
291. Gordon SB, Jagoe RT, Jarman ER, North JC, Pridmore A, Musaya J, French N,
Zijlstra EE, Molyneux ME, Read RC. The alveolar microenvironment of patients
infected with human immunodeficiency virus does not modify alveolar macrophage
interactions with Streptococcus pneumoniae. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2013;20(6):88291.
292. SanJoaquin MA, Allain TJ, Molyneux ME, Benjamin L, Everett DB, Gadabu O,
Rothe C, Nguipdop P, Chilombe M, Kazembe L, Sakala S, Gonani A, Heyderman
RS. Surveillance Programme of IN-patients and Epidemiology (SPINE):
implementation of an electronic data collection tool within a large hospital in Malawi.
PLoS Med 2013;10(3):e1001400.
292. Mallewa M, Vallely P, Faragher B, Banda D, Klapper P, Mukaka M, Khofi H,
Pensulo P, Taylor T, Molyneux M, Solomon T. Viral CNS infections in children
from a malaria-endemic area of Malawi: a prospective cohort study. Lancet Global
Health 2013 Sep;1(3):e153-60.
293. Conroy AL, Silver KL, Zhong K, Rennie M, Ward P, Sarma JV, Molyneux ME,
Sled J, Fletcher JF, Rogerson S, Kain KC. Complement activation and the resulting
placental vascular insufficiency drives fetal growth restriction associated with
placental malaria. Cell Host Microbe 2013;13(2):215-26.
294. Moxon CA, Chisala NV, Wassmer SC, Taylor TE, Seydel KB, Molyneux ME,
Faragher B, Kennedy N, Toh CH, Craig AG, Heyderman RS. Persistent Endothelial

Activation and Inflammation After Plasmodium falciparum Infection in Malawian

Children. J Infect Dis 2014;209(4):610-5.
295. Wall EC, Everett DB, Mukaka M, Bar-Zeev N, Feasey N, Jahn A, Moore M, van
Oosterhout JJ, Pensalo P, Baguimira K, Gordon SB, Molyneux EM, Carrol ED,
French N, Molyneux ME, Heyderman RS. Bacterial meningitis in Malawian adults,
adolescents and children during the era of antiretroviral scale-up and Hib vaccination
(2000-2012). Clin Infect Dis 2014;58(10):e137-45
296. MacCormick IJ, Beare NA, Taylor TE, Barrera V, White VA, Hiscott P,
Molyneux ME, Dhillon B, Harding SP. Cerebral malaria in children: using the retina
to study the brain. Brain 2014;137(Pt 8):2119-42.
297. Molyneux ME. Global warming and altitude malaria. Tropical Doctor
2014;44(3):125-127
298. White NJ, Molyneux ME (eds). World Health Organization: Severe malaria.
Tropical Medicine and International Health 2014 (July); Supplement 1.
299. Hasang W, Dembo EG, Wijesinghe R, Molyneux ME, Kublin JG, Rogerson S.
HIV-1 Infection and Antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum in Adults. J Infect Dis
2014;210(9):1407-1417
300. Teo A, Hasang W, Randall LM, Feng G, Bell L, Unger H, Langer C, Beeson JG,
Siba PM, Mueller I, Molyneux ME, Brown GV, Rogerson SJ. Decreasing Malaria
Prevalence and Its Potential Consequences for Immunity in Pregnant Women. J
Infect Dis 2014;210(9):1444-1455
301. Milner DA, Whitten R, Kamiza S, Carr R, Liomba G, Dzamalala C, Seydel K,
Molyneux M and Taylor T. The systemic pathology of cerebral malaria in African
children. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2014;4:104.
302. MalariaGEN. Genetic resistance to severe malaria is associated with a locus
of ancient balancing selection. Nature Genetics 2014; in press
303. Segula D, Frosch AP, SanJoaquin M, Taulo D, Skarbinski J, Mathanga
DP, Allain TJ, Molyneux ME, Laufer MK, Heyderman RS. Prevalence and spectrum
of illness among hospitalized adults with malaria in Blantyre, Malawi. Malaria
Journal 2014;13:391
304. Tembo DL, Nyoni B, Murikoli RV, Mukaka M, Milner DA, Berriman M,
Rogerson SJ, Taylor TE, Molyneux ME, Mandala WL, Craig AG and Montgomery J.
Differential PfEMP1 Expression is Associated with Cerebral Malaria Pathology.
PLoS Pathogens 2014; in press
305. Barrera V, Hiscott PS, Craig AG, White VA, Milner DA, Beare NA,
MacCormick IJ, Kamiza S, Taylor TE, Molyneux ME, Harding SP. Severity of
Retinopathy Parallels the Degree of Parasite Sequestration in the Eyes and Brains of
Malawian Children With Fatal Cerebral Malaria. J Infect Dis 2014 Oct 28. pii: jiu592
[Epub ahead of print]
306. Malaria Genomic Epidemiology Network. Reappraisal of known malaria
resistance loci in a large multicenter study. Nat Genet. 2014 Nov;46(11):1197-204.
307. Mandala WL, Ananworanich J, Apornpong T, Kerr SJ, MacLennan JM, Hanson
C, Jaimulwong T, Gondwe EN, Rosenblatt HM, Bunupuradah T, Molyneux ME,
Spector SA, Pancharoen C, Gelman RS, MacLennan CA, Shearer WT. Control
lymphocyte subsets: can one country's values serve for another's? J Allergy Clin
Immunol 2014 Sep;134(3):759-761
308. Nyirenda TS, Molyneux ME, Kenefeck R, Walker LSK, MacLennan CA,
Heyderman RS, Mandala WL. T-Regulatory cells and inflammatory and inhibitory
cytokines in Malawian children residing in an area of high and an area of low malaria

transmission during acute uncomplicated malaria and in convalescence. J Ped infect

Dis 2015; advance access 7 Jan 2015.

****
Editorials in Medical Quarterly (MQ) 1980-1984 (later Malawi Medical Journal)
Be Comforted. MQ April 1980
Health Service Shapes. MQ July 1980
The Abana and Farpar Syndrome. MQ Oct 1980
Rabies. MQ Oct 1980
Placebos. MQ Jan 1981
The Captain of the Men of Death. MQ April 1981
The Craft of Medicine. MQ April 1981.
Gastroenteritis. MQ July 1981
Why Meet? MQ July 1981
Malaria. MQ Jan 1982
Diabetes Mellitus. MQ Jan 1982
Between Ourselves MQ April 1982
The Old Mother Hubbard Syndrome. MQ July 1982
Tubercle Centenary. MQ July 1982
Clinical Decisions. MQ October 1982
Ascites. MQ October 1982
Geography, Viruses and Cancer. MQ Jan 1983
Malaria Again. MQ July 1983
Compliance. MQ July 1983
Labels. MQ October 1983
Primary Health Care. MQ Jan 1984
Snakebite. MQ Jan 1984
Burns. MQ April 1984
Medical Research. MQ April 1984
****
EXTRA-CURRICULAR INTERESTS
Amateur conducting of choral/orchestral works (mixed choir, with
Police or Army band and other instrumentalists):
1978 Handel - Messiah
1980 Carl Orff - Carmina Burana (version for choirs, 2 pianos and percussion)
1981 Handel Israel in Egypt
1983 Mozart Vesperae solennes (and miscellaneous items)
1984 Vivaldi Gloria (and miscellaneous items)
1998 Bach Mass in B minor
2000 Handel Messiah
Mountain walking, cycling, squash.
Cycled Land's End to John o'Groats, climbing Ben Nevis on the way ('Length and
Height of Britain') Sept 2011, to raise money ($39,000) for Hospital in Malawi
lahob.org.uk