Unit Five

Section A Chemistry Review

1. Background Information
Chemistry - the study of matter, its properties, and its changes or transformations
Matter - anything that has mass and takes up space
Pure Substance - a substance that contains only one kind of particle
Elements - a pure substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance
Compounds - a pure substance that contains two or more different elements in a fixed
proportion
Physical Property - a characteristic or description of a substance that can be used to
identify it (eg. State of matter, hardness, melting and boiling
points)
Physical Change - a change in the size or form of a substance, which does not
change the chemical properties of the substance
Chemical Property - the characteristic behaviour that occurs when a substance
interacts with another to become a new substance
Chemical Change - the alteration of a substance into one or more different
substances with different properties; also called a chemical reaction
Reactants - the starting materials in a chemical reaction
Products - the substance produced in a chemical reaction
Chemical Tests - a distinctive chemical reaction that can be used to identify an
unknown substance
Periodic Table - a structured arrangement of elements; elements with similar
chemical and physical properties are in the same column
Chemical Families - a group of elements in the same vertical column of the periodic
table that tend to have similar physical and chemical properties
Alkali Metals - Elements in the far left column of the periodic table; Group 1
Alkaline Earth Metals - elements in the second column from the left of the periodic
table; Group 2
Noble Gases - the elements in the far right column of the periodic table; Group 18
Halogens - elements in the second column from the right; Group 17
Protons - a positively charged particle that is found in the nucleus of an atom
Neutrons - a neutral particle found in the nucleus of the atom
Electrons - a negatively charged particle that moves around the nucleus of an atom at
different energy levels, or orbits
Bohr diagrams - a diagram used to represent the arrangement of electrons for an
element
Ion - an atom that has become charged by gaining or losing one or more electrons
Ionic Change - the numerical value of the electric charge of an ion
^
Oxygen Gas is indicated if a glowing splint bursts into flame when placed in the gas.
The more concentrated oxygen in test tube makes the combustion of the splint go
faster.
Hydrogen Gas is indicated if a flaming splint at the mouth of the test tube causes a
pop or small explosion in the gas. Hydrogen is highly flammable.
Carbon Dioxide Gas is indicated if limewater solution turns milky when the gas is
bubbled into it. The limewater undergoes a chemical change to form an insoluble
white precipitate. A flaming splint, held at the mouth of the tube, is extinguished.
Water Vapour is indicated if cobalt chloride test paper changes from blue to pink.
Property
Lustre
Malleability
Conductivity
Reactivity with acid

Metals
Shiny
Malleable
Conductors
Mostly yes

Non-metals
Dull
Brittle
Mostly insulators
No

Unit Five

State at room temperature

Mostly Solids

Solids, liquids, and gases