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1
SURVEYING INSTRUMENTS
I. Table 1.1. Surveying Instruments
INSTRUMENT
FIGURE/ PICTURE
DESCRIPTION/USE
POSSIBLE
ERRORS
HANDLING
PRECAUTIONS
Chain
Use for measuring 5-20
meters.
To be handled
carefully and not
forcibly.
Tape
Use for measuring 2050 meters.
Tendency to be
placed not
completely
stretched out.
Personal error of
attachment or
personal disability
To be handled
carefully and not
forcibly.
Measuring Rod
Plumb Bob
To be handled
carefully and not
forcibly.
To be handled
carefully and not
forcibly stretched.
to see.
Carpenter Level
Used for checking if
things are vertically or
horizontally correct.
Personal error of
placement or
personal disability
to see.
To be handled
carefully and not be
bent.
Ranging Poles
Used for marking
different points
measured in surveying.
Personal error of
placing lightly and
can be easily
tipped off or slant
placement.
To be handled
carefully and not be
bent.
Wooden Pegs
Used for marking
different points in
surveying which
occasionally is marked
permanently.
Personal error of
placing lightly and
can be easily
tipped off or slant
placement
To be handled
carefully and should
not be forced.
Personal error or
eyes disability or
mechanical
malfunction.
Maintained and
handled with caution.
Mechanical
malfunction or
satellite
malfunction.
Maintained and
handled with caution.
Theodolite
Used for measuring
angles horizontally and
vertically.
Global Positioning
System
Total Station
Used just like a
theodolite but can be
controlled remotely.
Mechanical
malfunction or
signal discrepancy.
Maintained and
handled with caution.
Transit
Used for measuring
eye disability.
should be handled
correctly.
Used to establishing
different checkpoints on
the horizontal plane.
Maintained and
should not put
heaving objects on
top.
Personal error or
land unleveled.
Maintained and
should not put
heaving objects on
top.
Personal error or
eye disability.
Mechanical
malfunction and
personal error.
Maintained and
handled with caution.
Dumpy Level
Plane Table
Tripod
Jacobs Staff
Laser Tracker
Mechanical
malfunction and
personal error.
Maintained and
handled with caution.
Optical Square
Used to seting out right
angles and
perpendicular lines.
Personal error or
lighting problems.
Personal error.
Graphometer
minutes.
Surveyors Wheel
Used for measuring
yard, meters and halfrods.
Personal error or
mechanical
malfunction.
Maintained and
should not be forcibly
used.
II. References:
Irrigation Water Management: Elements of topographic surveying (n.d.). In Corporate Document Repository. Retrieved July 20, 2014, from
http://www.fao.org/docrep/r7021e/r7021e02.htm
Different Types of Surveying equipment: Old and New (n.d.). In Bright Hub. Retrieved July 20, 2014, from
http://www.brighthubengineering.com/geotechnical-engineering/67776-different-types-of-surveying-equipment-available-in-the-market/
The Surveyor's Basic Tools (n.d.). In Surveyor's History. Retrieved July 20, 2014, from
http://www.surveyhistory.org/the_surveyor's_basic_tools.htm
Laser Tracker (n.d.). In FARO. Retrieved July 20, 2014, from http://www.faro.com/products/metrology/faro-laser-tracker/overview
Lasers (n.d.). In Opti-cal . Retrieved July 20, 2014, from http://www.surveyequipment.com/lasers#.U8vjuPmSwUk