1

The macroeconomic benefits of investment in Grass

Roots Facilities
An assessment of the economic impacts on the UK of delivering new and
improved local sports facilities at the grass roots level

Report for The Football Foundation

October 2013

Centre for Economics and Business Research Ltd.

Unit 1, 4 Bath Street, London EC1V 9DX
t: 020 7324 2850 f: 020 7324 2855 w: www.cebr.com

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Disclaimer
Whilst every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the material in this document, neither Centre for
Economics and Business Research Ltd nor the reports authors will be liable for any loss or damages incurred
through the use of the report.
Authorship and acknowledgements
This report has been produced by Cebr, an independent economics and business research consultancy
established in 1992. The study was led by Shehan Mohamed, Cebr Senior Economist with direction provided
by Oliver Hogan, Cebr Head of Microeconomics.
This study has been commissioned by The Football Foundation the United Kingdoms largest sports charity,
which is funded by the Premier League, The Football Association and the Department for Culture Media and
Sport, via Sport England.
London, October 2013

Centre for Economics and Business Research Ltd, 2012

Contents
Contents .................................................................................................................................................. 3
Executive Summary................................................................................................................................. 4
1

Introduction and background ........................................................................................................ 7

1.1
1.2

Methodology and assumptions.................................................................................................... 10

2.1
2.2
2.3

Capturing investment in the grass roots facilities industry................................................................................. 10

Embedding grass roots facilities investments within an economic impacts framework .................................... 14
Input-output modelling and alternative multiplier concepts ............................................................................. 24

Grass root sports facilities: size, economic contribution and impacts ........................................ 26
3.1
3.2

What are grass roots sports facilities? .................................................................................................................. 7

Economic conditions in the construction industry ............................................................................................... 8

Contribution of grass roots sports facilities to economic output ....................................................................... 26

Contribution of grass roots sports facilities to employment .............................................................................. 27

Conclusions .................................................................................................................................. 29

Appendix A: Sample of actual project data .......................................................................................... 31

Centre for Economics and Business Research Ltd, 2012

Executive Summary
Investment in construction drives economic growth and regeneration at the national and local level.
The building and operation of grass roots sports facilities also stamps its own unique economic
footprint in terms of growth, jobs and quality of life provided to the local community. The Football
Foundation has asked the Centre for Economics and Business Research (Cebr) to quantify the total
economic impacts of their investments in new and improved grass roots facilities. In order to achieve
this, Cebr have used actual and projected data on the economic activities which are contracted to
build and operate facilities. This report summarises the findings of our study, quantifying the total
direct and multiplier impacts of constructing local grass roots sports facilities.
Our study was undertaken at a time when conditions across the construction sector are very weak
and uncertain due to significant business uncertainty and the UK returning into recession in the last
quarter of 2011. Lack of construction activity has been the largest single downward contributor to
overall GDP growth in the first half of 2012. As such, the key conclusions of the report also illustrate
the strategic importance of investing in construction projects which have strong local economic
impacts.
Key Conclusions of the Report
Cebrs investigations of the economic value of investment in grass roots sports facilities in the UK
points to three broad conclusions:
1.

Contribution to GDP: In 2011, The Foundation provided around 15m of funding towards 80
construction projects requiring a total investment of 46m. This total investment in
construction is expected to generate 22m in GDP through direct impacts and an additional
31m through indirect (demand stimulus through supply chain) and induced (increased incomes
which induces consumer spending) impacts.

2.

Employment creation: In 2011, The Foundation funded projects which are expected to directly
support a total of 4,992 jobs during the construction1 (4,458 jobs) and operation (534 jobs)
phase on a part-time or full-time basis2. This equates to 632 Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) jobs, of
which 344 are supported during the construction phase. For every million pounds invested in
construction projects, 7.5 FTE construction jobs and 6.3 FTE jobs operational jobs are
supported. In addition, to direct employment impacts, we have estimated that an extra 1.2 jobs
are created for each job directly supported by investments. This means that in total, 1,378 FTE
jobs are expected to be supported as a result of Foundations investment in 2011.

3.

Local impacts: In 2011, around 7 out of 10 of construction jobs (73%) were sourced locally,
benefitting at least 1,050 different local firms across the country3. During the operation phase,
volunteering activity is crucial for ensuring that facilities are adequately staffed. Once projects
started in 2011 are completed, around 2,700 additional volunteers will be required to run
facilities and deliver football development the value of this volunteering is estimated to be
worth 9.5m in economic output.

A sample of 47 actual and projected cost breakdowns for construction projects funded by The Foundation and started in
2011 was used to calculate the direct employment effects of construction.
2 A sample of around 192 projects completed between 2001 and 2011 was used to estimate the direct employment effects
during day-to-day operations
3 This is based on financial information provided by contractors from a sample of 11 projects funded by The Foundation and
started by The Foundation in 2011
1

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For every 100 volunteers recruited, 25 staff are able to be employed on either a part-time or
full-time basis for a range of activities (e.g. site management, coaching, football development,
cleaning, bar activities)4. Furthermore, it is anticipated that an additional 3,200 volunteers per
year will gain new qualifications as a result of investments made in 2011.
These three conclusions are the final products of an advanced modelling programme which draws
on economic and financial data from construction projects that are funded by The Football
Foundation.
Every pound spent on grass roots facilities generates 2.53 for the UK economy
Based on the profile of economic activities commissioned during the construction and operation
phases of grass roots sports facilities, Cebr have estimated an Output multiplier of 2.53 for the
Grass roots sports facilities industry5. This can be interpreted in simple terms as follows: for every
1 of output generated directly by contractors required for grass roots facility investments and
operations, an additional 1.53 of economic output is generated in the wider economy through
indirect (demand stimulus through supply chain) and induced (increased incomes which induces
consumer spending) impacts. In comparison to other activities, investment in grass roots sports
facilities appears to generate higher multiplier effects - we have identified an Output multiplier of
2.22 for the Arts, entertainment and recreation sector.
Every pound awarded by the Foundation on grass roots facilities generates an additional 7.73 for
the UK economy
The Foundation typically contributes around 33p in every 1 invested in construction projects with
the remainder generated through partnership funding. In other words, every 33p invested by The
Foundation generates a total Output multiplier impact of 2.53. This means that the 15m
contributed by The Foundation towards construction projects started in 2011 generated a total of
116m in economic output. This implies that The Foundations funding unlocks 7.73 for every 1
granted for the typical project.
Regeneration impacts and better health outcomes go beyond the initial direct and multiplier
impacts
In addition to the increase in household incomes and employment supported by The Foundations
there are other economic benefits to consider. Improving upon and building new local facilities plays
a part in increasing the attractiveness of an area to live in. Packaged with the right set of additional
measures, e.g., better transport, housing, access to services, there is an opportunity to attract new
workers and employers into under-employed areas. The regeneration impacts of such construction
projects must therefore be acknowledged as they account for a large part of the permanent effect
beyond the initial construction phase.

This is based on the average paid staff to volunteer ratio using data from the 2011 Football Foundation Annual Monitoring
& Evaluation (M&E) Survey
5 This calculation is based on the Leontief Input-Output Approach uses 2009 Supply and Use tables published by the Office
for National Statistics
4

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The health benefits from better access to sports facilities can also be significant when translated into
economic terms. National health promotion campaigns by Premier League and championship clubs
demonstrate that football provides another way to reach men with unhealthy lifestyle behaviours
who do not typically seek advice from a GP or health professional6. Better physical education can
support physical fitness and healthier lifestyles. This reduces the incidence of many chronic
conditions which contributes to lower national healthcare treatment costs and higher labour
productivity. Currently, only around 5% of adults get at least 30 minutes of moderate exercise (e.g.
walking, cycling, gardening, housework and sports) on five or more days of the week7. Around 26%
of adults are obese whilst 63% are classified as being overweight or obese. We estimate that obesity
currently costs the UK economy around 3bn per year in NHS treatment costs and 1bn per year in
productivity losses8. Amongst children aged between 2 and 15, only a quarter (27%) achieve at least
1 hour of moderate exercise each day. Football is the most popular sports activity amongst children
aged between 11 and 15, and the second most popular sport for children under 10 after swimming9.
Investment in local facilities would improve access to sports and exercise for families with children,
as well as reduce transport costs for those making longer distance trips.

Premier League Health A national programme of mens health promotion delivered in/by professional football clubs: Final
report 2012, Leeds Metropolitan University
7 Statistics on obesity, physical activity and diet: England, 2012, NHS The Information Centre For Health And Social Care
8 Cebr report on Health pledges: Bupa Health and Wellbeing Study - An assessment of the financial savings to individuals,
employers and the NHS
9 Statistics on obesity, physical activity and diet: England, 2012, NHS The Information Centre For Health And Social Care
6

Centre for Economics and Business Research Ltd, 2012

Introduction and background

This is a report by Centre for Economics and Business Research (Cebr) on the macroeconomic
benefits of investment in grass roots facilities. The assessment is based on economic data collected
during the construction and operational phases of sports facilities. The report was commissioned by
The Football Foundation.

1.1

What are grass roots sports facilities?

Grass roots sports facilities are built for the provision of sporting activity for amateur participants. As
such they have a strong community focus as they provide opportunities for the general public in the
local area to participate in sport. The Football Foundation - the UKs largest sports charity - has
invested 343 million directly into grass roots facilities through the allocation of grant awards since
2000. This has resulted in over 1,700 newly built or improved facilities, which have been grouped
within the following four projects types:

AGPs (Artificial Grass Pitches) - AGPs are built using synthetic fibres, which are designed to
look and perform like natural grass. Third generation AGPs use a rubber crumb infill instead
of a sand-based method previously used. AGPs are able to offer a significant number of
hours of sporting activity per week, especially when built in conjunction with floodlighting.
This provides a high quality playing surface throughout the year, and allows for high levels of
participation to occur.

Changing rooms & grass pitches - Newly built or refurbished changing rooms provide a safe,
secure and practical means to change before and after sporting activity. Foundation funded
facilities must comply fully with the Building Regulations and the Equality Act. Often
changing rooms form the functional section of a larger changing pavilion, which also includes
an operational area that generally consists of a main entrance lobby, toilets, social space and
kitchen.
Key to the development of grass roots football is the design and construction of good quality
grass pitches. The Foundation supports this through the award of grants to pitch works
projects, which either results in newly built pitches or the improvement of existing grass
pitches, generally through drainage works.

Multi-facility projects - Projects funded by the Foundation which include AGPs, changing
rooms and/or grass pitches are classified as multi-facility projects due to the combination of
different types of grass roots facilities at the same site.

Small scale projects - All Foundation funded grass roots facility projects which are under
100k in total project cost are classified as small scale projects within this report. The
majority of these projects are refurbished changing rooms, small grass pitch works or
maintenance equipment/fencing.

In the next section, we provide analysis and commentary of current economic conditions in the
construction sector.

Centre for Economics and Business Research Ltd, 2012

1.2

Economic conditions in the construction industry

Turbulent economic and financial conditions in the UK economy have disrupted construction output
in recent years. The total volume of construction output in the first half of 2012 was around 14%
lower than over the same period in 200710. Both commercial and housing construction projects have
suffered from higher financing costs, increased material costs11 and lower effective demand.
In England, the number of housing starts in the twelve months to March 2012 was down by 6%
compared to the same period a year earlier12. This is mostly explained by a significant decrease in
house building provided by local authorities after two years of record starts between 2010 and
2012. Housing starts today are still around 40% below levels seen in 2007 which is due to an absence
of private sector activity since the end of the credit crunch.
The commercial sector has seen a more pronounced decline in activity since 2007 compared to the
housing sector. Total commercial construction activity was 28% lower in volume terms in the first
half of 2012 compared to the same period in 2007. We expect commercial construction activity to be
extremely weak over the next two years, as private sector investment is paralysed by lack of
business confidence, weaker consumer demand and higher financing costs. Compared to 2007, the
value of construction output of offices has fallen by 50% whilst output of shops (-35%), schools (37%), hospitals (-44%) and entertainment & recreation (-6%) have also decreased significantly.
The construction sector has yet to recover since the end of the credit crunch. Indeed, the on-going
Eurozone sovereign debt crisis has stunted investment into the sector and pushed up financing
costs. Lack of construction activity has been the largest drag on total GDP growth in recent
quarters, decreasing quarter-on-quarter UK GDP growth by 0.4% and 0.3% percentage points in Q1
2012 and Q2 2012 respectively.
The implications of a weak construction activity have knock-on effects for employment in the sector.
Figure 1 illustrates total volume of construction output and the average number of weekly hours
worked by a typical construction worker.

Output in the Construction Industry, Office for National Statistics (July 2012)
Monthly Statistics of Building Materials and Components, Department for Business, Innovation and Skill (August 2012)
12 Department for Communities and Local Government (August 2012)
10
11

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Figure 1: Volume of construction output (LHS) and actual weekly hours worked in construction (RHS)
110

37.4
37.2

105

37.0
36.8

100

36.6
36.4

95
36.2
36.0

90

35.8
35.6

85

35.4
80
Q3 2003

35.2
Q3 2004

Q3 2005

Q3 2006

Q3 2007

Volume of construction output (LHS)

Q3 2008

Q3 2009

Q3 2010

Q3 2011

Average actual weekly hours per worker (RHS)

Source: Office for National Statistics, Cebr analysis

After a brief recovery in 2010/11, volumes of construction output are now almost back at levels last
seen in 2009. Today, the construction pipeline is diminishing with volumes of new construction work
falling by 12% year-on-year in Q2 2012. This reduces demand for construction employment and
weekly hours worked. Total numbers employed in construction across the UK fell to 2,165,000 in Q2
2012 from 2,188,000 in Q2 2011 representing 24,000 net job losses over this period. The number
of actual weekly hours worked in construction is relatively unchanged from a year ago, although the
average construction workers working week is three hours shorter today than compared to the
peak period in Q4 2007.
Looking ahead, we expect conditions to be challenging in the sector as both private and public sector
investments into the industry are constrained by low levels of business confidence and government
spending cuts respectively.

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Methodology and assumptions

This section of the report sets out the methods and assumptions used to determine an appropriate
structure for the grass roots facilities investment industry, the topic of section 2.1. We proceed in
section 2.2 to describe the manner in which we embedded this industry within the economic
framework underlying Cebrs macroeconomic impact models. Section 2.3 outlines the
methodologies on which these impact models are based.

2.1

Capturing investment in the grass roots facilities industry

In order to model the overall macroeconomic impact of grass roots sports facilities, Cebr constructed
a bespoke investment model with several parts. Figure 2 provides a flow chart representation of our
broad modelling approach.
Figure 2: Cebrs broad modelling approach

Football Foundations
funding

Partnership
funding
Total Investment
in construction

Contractor

3. Induced impacts
3. Combined direct and indirect
impacts result in increase of
household incomes through
increased employment, profits
etc. This induces higher consumer
spending and produces a supply
chain response from producers
selling goods and services who in
turn increase demands in their
supply chain and so on.

Centre for Economics and Business Research Ltd, 2012

1. Direct
Impacts

Subcontractors

2. Indirect Impacts

Direct Impacts + Indirect Impacts

Source: Cebr analysis

1. Contractors and subcontractors receive direct

demand stimulus from
funding

Induced Impacts

2. Contractor and
subcontractors demand
products/services from their
supply chains to increase their
supply. Producers in the
supply chain increase demand
in their supply chains and so
on.

Total Impacts

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In order to quantify the total economic impact of investment in grass roots sports facilities, we have
first had to identify the direct impacts of capital spending on construction projects. In order to
achieve this, we have drawn on financial information from 47 out of the 80 projects that The
Foundation and partners have invested in which started construction during 2011. This financial
information includes data on the various economic activities undertaken by contractors and
commissioned from subcontractors in order to build facilities. The nature of these economic
activities have been categorised in order to calculate indirect, induced and therefore total economic
impacts from construction of facilities. In addition, we have drawn on annual Monitoring &
Evaluation (M&E) survey data from The Foundation in order to calculate the operational impacts of
the built facilities.
In the remainder of this chapter, we explain our methodology and assumptions used to calculate
direct, indirect, induced and total economic impacts of the construction and operation of grass roots
sports facilities.

Investment analysis
The Football Foundations investment activities encompass around sixteen different economic
activities related to construction and professional services. In 2011, a total of 45.9m of capital
spending was allocated to construction projects Table 1 illustrates the range of economic activities
which benefited from this direct investment. Our study draws on a total of 80 construction projects
started in 2011 as a basis for calculating the direct, indirect and induced impacts of The Foundations
activities.
Table 1: Industries stimulated in the different stages of development of grass roots sports facilities
Development Stage
Development and Consent

General Construction

Specialist Construction

Industry sectors to which capital expenditure flows

Accounting and tax consultancy
Architectural and technical consultancy
Legal services
Drainage
Electrical and mechanical installations
External works
Fencing
Floor and wall covering
Joinery installation
Landscaping
Painting, Plumbing and Roofing
Site Preparation
AGPs (carpet and sub-base)
Floodlighting
Grass pitch works
Performance testing

Source: The Football Foundation, Cebr analysis

The increase in capital expenditures as a result of The Foundations investment activities directly
stimulates demand for the economic activities outlined above. The bulk of The Foundations
investment activities are in the construction industry.

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As well as these components of capital expenditure, the operating expenditures (opex) required to
keep sports facilities up and running will stimulate productive activities. These activities will further
induce overall macroeconomic benefits. These industries in which economic activity is stimulated
are presented in Table 2.
Table 2: Industries stimulated during the operation of grass roots sports facilities
Development Stage

Industry sectors to which capital expenditure flows

Operations of sports facilities
Public houses and bars
Retail sale of sports equipment

Operations and Maintenance

Source: The Football Foundation, Cebr analysis

In 2011, a total of 80 construction projects were started which are forecast to generate gross
operating expenditures of 3.7m per year between 2012 and 2017. This estimate is based on the
average annual operating cost to capital expenditure ratio, which was calculated as 7.7%. This figure
was derived from a sample of 26 out of 80 projects started in 2011, for which both capital spending
and operational spending data is available.

The costs of grass roots facilities investments

The Football Foundation helped fund around 46m in capital spending on construction projects in
2011. Of the 46m, a total of 15m was provided through grants allocated by The Foundation with
the remainder provided through partnership funding. Table 3 illustrates how the capital spending
was allocated between the different types of investments made.
Table 3: Capital expenditures associated with grass roots sports facilities started in 2011, 000s
Investment

Total
investment

Total grant
provided by FF

Number of
investments

AGP

5,200

1,545

12

Average
grant by FF
per project
129

Changing rooms and Grass

pitches

20,688

6,238

29

215

Multi

19,208

6,935

16

433

Small scale and other

857

326

23

14

Total

45,950

15,044

80

188

Source: The Football Foundation, Cebr analysis

The average grant value provided by The Foundation was 188,000 in 2011. The highest grants are
provided for multi-facility projects, which had an average value of 433,000. The table below
illustrates the distribution of the size of investments which are funded by The Foundation.

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Table 4: Capital expenditures associated with grass roots sports facilities started in 2011, by investment size
Investment size per
project

Number of
investments

Under 20k

20k - 50k

50k - 100k

Over 100k

57

Total

80

Source: The Football Foundation, Cebr analysis

Over 70% of construction projects started in 2011 were worth more than 100k in investment size.
In terms of the regional location of total annual capital spending, the South East region received the
largest amount of investment (8.4m).
Table 5: Capital expenditures associated with grass roots sports facilities started in 2011, by region
Investment

Total investment

Total regional
construction
employment

spent per
regional
construction job

North East

3,654

95,600

38.2

East Midlands

4,802

148,300

32.4

East

6,887

228,300

30.2

West Midlands

5,048

170,300

29.6

South East

8,430

320,200

26.3

South West

4,939

195,600

25.3

Yorkshire

3,948

174,700

22.6

London

4,927

262,100

18.8

North West

3,316

208,600

15.9

Total

45,950

1,803,600

25.5

Source: The Football Foundation, Annual Population Survey, Cebr analysis

The North East region had the highest amount invested relative to total regional employment in
construction in 2011. A total of 38.20 was spent per regional construction job in the North East
whilst the average was 25.50. This indicates that construction employment in the North East was
more dependent on The Foundations investment activities than other regions in 2011.
The Foundations investments are directed towards a range of organisations which encompass
football clubs, local authorities and schools.

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Table 6: Capital expenditures associated with grass roots sports facilities started in 2011, by organisation
Organisation

Number of
investments

Total
investment,
000s

Average grant by
FF per project

Football club

25

6,907

126

Local authority

31

25,158

256

School

15

11,262

245

Other

2,622

29

Total

80

45,950

188

Source: The Football Foundation, Cebr analysis

Local authorities received the largest amount of investment for construction projects (25.2m) in
2011. Local authorities also received the largest average grant from The Foundation (256,000),
followed by schools (245,000) and then football clubs (126,000).

2.2 Embedding grass roots facilities investments within an economic

impacts framework
This subsection describes the manner in which we embedded the grass roots sports facilities
investment industry within the economic framework underlying Cebrs macroeconomic impact
models.

Demand stimulus created by investment

Investment in grass roots sports facilities creates a final demand stimulus for the products and
services required to realise that investment. We have categorised capital expenditures typically
made during the construction phase based on financial information provided by The Foundation
from a total of 47 out of the 80 projects funded and started in 2011. A total of 11 projects were used
as a basis to provide the actual costs incurred by contractors during the construction phase, whilst
the remaining projects supplied the projected costs submitted by contractors at the grant
application stage. The methodology used to calculate the typical capital spending profile for distinct
investment types was as follows:1. Obtained sample of 47 actual and projected cost breakdowns for construction projects
funded by The Foundation and started in 2011. This included information on the individual
contractors and sub-contractors used and proportions of their labour which were locally
sourced13.

13

Locally sourced labour was defined as employees recruited in the same or adjoining local authority as the location of the
funded site.

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2. Assigned Standard Industry Classifications (SIC) codes to cost categories. Each discrete
economic activity identified during the construction phase was assigned an industry code
based on UK Standard Industry Classifications (UK SIC 2007) developed by the Office for
National Statistics. This exercise captures the nature of the activities commissioned and
informs calculation of multiplier impacts based on supply chain characteristics of each
subcontractor.
3. Applied capital spending profiles to total expenditure on 80 construction projects funded and
started in 2011. Unique capital spending profiles of economic activities were created
respectively for AGPs, changing rooms & grass pitches, multi-facility projects and small scale
& other projects. These capital spending profiles were applied to the total amount of funds
spent on each distinct investment type to give total demand stimulus on each economic
activity as a result of The Foundations funding.
Table 7 illustrates the profile of economic activities that benefit from increased demand stimulus as
a result of direct investment generated by The Foundations funding activities14.
Table 7: Demand stimulus from increased capital expenditures associated with grass roots sports facilities started
in 2011, by organisation
SIC Code

Product/service
category

Investment
value
(000s)

SIC Code

Product/service
category

Investment
value
(000s)

43.12

Site Preparation

4,558

43.21

Floodlighting

1,165

Section M

Professional fees

4,547

43.99/9

AGP

1,150

43.99/9

AGP carpet

3,762

41.2

Contingency

1,063

43.99/9

Drainage

3,688

43.99/9

Other

1,050

43.21

Electrical

3,420

43.29

Mechanical installation

979

43.32

Joinery

3,397

43.99/9

Landscaping

747

41.2

External works

2,676

43.99/9

Grass pitch works

528

43.99/9

AGP Sub-base

2,293

47.64

Sports equipment

252

43.91

Roofing

2,031

68.1

Land purchase

219

41.2

General construction

1,929

46.13

Materials

184

43.99/9

Fencing

1,740

77.32

Maintenance

176

43.39

Finishing

1,384

43.34/1

Painting

99

43.33

Floors and Walls

1,267

24.1

Equipment

94

43.22

Plumbing

1,217

71.2

Performance testing

62

Source: The Football Foundation, Cebr analysis

14

These estimates are exclusive of Value Added Tax (VAT)

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We have identified 28 discrete economic activities which benefit from increased demand stimulus.
Each of these economic activities has been attributed a 3-digit Standard Industry Classification (SIC)
code for the purposes of calculating the indirect and induced multiplier impacts during the modelling
process.
In the next sections, we describe the economic activities stimulated as a result of investment in two
of the Foundations main investments Artificial Grass Pitches (AGPs) and Changing Rooms & Grass
Pitches.

Demand stimulus created by investment - Artificial Grass Pitches

In 2011, a total of 5.2m was invested in Artificial Grass Pitch (AGP) construction projects in 2011.
Figure 3 illustrates the distribution of economic activities which benefit during construction.
Figure 3: Capital expenditures associated with AGPs started in 2011, pounds
Landscaping
2%
Drainage
3%
Contingency
3%

External
works
3%

Sports equipment Maintenance

1%
2%

Professional fees
5%

AGP Sub-base
27%

Floodlighting
8%
Site Preparation
8%

Fencing
11%

AGP carpet
25%

Source: The Football Foundation, Cebr analysis

Around half (52%) of all capital costs are spent on specialised construction activities involving
building of the AGP sub-base and installation of the carpet. An additional quarter (27%) of costs are
incurred on floodlighting, preparation and fencing of the site.

Demand stimulus created by investment - Changing Rooms and Grass Pitches

In 2011, a total of 20.1m was invested in Changing Rooms and Grass Pitch construction projects in
2011. Figure 4 illustrates the distribution of economic activities which benefit during construction.

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Figure 4: Capital expenditures associated with Changing Rooms and Grass Pitches started in 2011, pounds
Mechanical Other Fencing Grass pitch works
2%
2%
installation 2%
3%
Contingency
4%
Finishing
4%

General construction
17%

Roofing
5%
Site Preparation
10%

Floors and Walls

6%

Professional fees
8%

Plumbing
6%
Drainage
7%
External
works
8%

Joinery
8%

Electrical
8%

Source: The Football Foundation, Cebr analysis

Construction projects for Changing Rooms and Grass Pitches involve more economic activities than
the typical AGP project. Around half (48%) of total capital spending is on plumbing, drainage,
external works, roofing, joinery and electrical & mechanical installation. An additional quarter (27%)
is spent on site preparation and general construction activities.
In the next section, we quantify the direct employment impacts of The Foundations investment
activities during both the construction phase and the day-to-day operation of the facilities once they
are completed. Please note that Chapter 3 quantifies the indirect and induced multiplier effects of
The Foundations investments in addition to the direct impacts outlined in the next section.

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Direct construction and operational employment impacts of investment activities

Cebr have calculated estimates of direct employment impacts from construction and operation of
grass roots sports facilities started in 2011. This is based on construction employment15 data from
actual projects commenced in 2011 and operational employment16 data drawn from a sample of
established facilities built between 2001 and 2011.
Our findings show that a total of 4,992 jobs would be directly supported during the construction
phase as a result of the investments made in 2011. This corresponds to 97 jobs supported per 1m
spent on construction although these jobs would be supported on a part-time rather than a full-time
basis. Based on national-level relationships between total amount spent on construction and the
number of Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) jobs required to sustain this level of activity, we estimate that a
total of 7.5 FTE jobs are directly supported during the construction phase per 1m spent. This
means that in 2011, a total of 344 FTE jobs would be supported during the construction phase as a
result of The Foundations investments. Table 8 illustrates the direct employment impacts associated
with both the construction and operation phase of facilities.
Table 8: Direct employment impacts associated with construction and operation phase from investments started in
2011

Direct jobs (mostly part-time)

Employment impact

Direct Full-Time Equivalent jobs

Jobs created
per M

Total created in
2011

Jobs created
per M

Total created in
2011

Construction phase

97

4,458

7.5

344

Day-to-day operations

12

534

6.3

288

Total

109

4,992

13.8

632

Source: The Football Foundation, Cebr analysis

In order to calculate the direct employment impacts associated with the operation phase, we have
drawn on annual Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) Survey data from The Football Foundation which
provides information on the number of part-time and full-time workers employed per site. Based on
this data, we have estimated that a total of 534 jobs would be directly supported during the
operational phase. This corresponds to 12 jobs supported during the operation phase per 1m spent
on initial construction costs, which would be composed of both part-time and full-time employment.
Translating this into Full Time Equivalent (FTE) jobs, yields a total of 6.3 FTE jobs supported during
the operation phase per m spent. This means that in 2011, a total of 288 FTE jobs would be
supported during the operation phase as a result of The Foundations investments.

A sample of 11 construction projects started in 2011 was used to estimate the direct employment effects during the
construction phase
16 A sample of around 192 projects completed between 2001 and 2011 was used to estimate the direct employment effects
during day-to-day operations
15

Centre for Economics and Business Research Ltd.

Unit 1, 4 Bath Street, London EC1V 9DX
t: 020 7324 2850 f: 020 7324 2855 w: www.cebr.com

19
Table 9 illustrates the typical mix of full-time and part-time employment supported for projects
which require paid employment. Around two-thirds (68%) of funded sites employ individuals directly
on either a full-time or part-time basis during the operation phase.
Table 9: Direct employment impacts associated with operation phase, for sites which require paid employment

Employment impact

Full-time staff
employed per project

Part-time staff per

project

Total staff per

project

Site management

0.8

0.6

1.4

Site maintenance

0.5

0.7

1.2

Football Development

0.4

0.7

1.1

Cleaning staff

0.2

0.7

0.9

Bar staff

0.2

0.7

0.9

Paid coaches

0.0

2.2

2.2

Other

0.1

0.6

0.7

Average (combination of
above)

2.2

6.2

8.4

Source: The Football Foundation, Cebr analysis

For sites which require individuals to be paid in order to run the facility, a total of 8 staff workers are
usually employed. Around 2 staff members are employed on a full-time basis whilst 6 are employed
on a part-time basis.

Direct local employment impacts of investment activities during the construction

phase
The investments of The Foundation stimulate local economic activities during the construction phase
of projects. This in turn increases levels of employment at the local level and provides jobs for
residents in the local community. Figure 5 illustrates a map which shows all of The Foundations
investments in 2011.

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Figure 5: The Foundations investments in 2011

Source: The Football Foundation, Cebr analysis

Our analysis shows that The Foundation invests in local areas which had an average local
unemployment rate of 7.8% in 2011. This is below the average national unemployment rate 8.2% in
2011. The highest unemployment rates in areas which received investment were in the towns and
cities of Middlesbrough (16.1%), Leicester (14.1%), Birmingham (13.6%) and Sunderland (13.1%)17.

17

Multi-facility projects were built in Middlesbrough and Birmingham, changing rooms and grass pitches were built in
Leicester whilst a site in Sunderland received funding for an AGP.

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Based on contractors submissions for 11 projects which had been completed in 2011, we have
estimated the proportion of local labour that is typically sourced and the typical number of subcontractors commissioned. Please see Appendix A for a list of the 11 projects which have been used
to derive these estimates. Table 10 illustrates the total number of local Full-Time Equivalent jobs18
that are directly created as a result of each type of facility investment made in 2011.
Table 10: Local direct FTE employment impacts associated with construction phase from investments started in
2011, by investment type

Total Direct FTE Jobs

Employment impact

Total Direct local FTE jobs

Jobs
created per
M

Total created
in 2011

% Local
employment

Total
created in
2011

7.5

39

33%

13

7.5

155

97%

150

Multi-facility

7.5

144

56%

81

Small scale and Other

7.5

100%

Total

7.5

344

73%

251

Artificial Grass Pitch

(AGPs)
Changing Rooms and
Grass Pitches

Source: The Football Foundation, Cebr analysis

The average proportion of labour sourced locally for funded projects in 2011 was 73%. Small scale
(100%) and Changing Rooms and Grass Pitch (97%) projects have the highest proportion of labour
sourced locally. A total of 251 local FTE jobs were created during the construction phase in 2011 as a
result of The Foundations investment activities. On average, a total of 18 different subcontractors
were used for each construction project. Based on the proportion of these firms which are local, we
estimate that investments made by The Foundation in 2011 benefited at least 1,050 individual local
firms.

Value of volunteering during the operation of facilities

Operating expenditure benefits
Once facilities are successfully completed and ready to operate, a significant number of volunteer
staff are required to run the facility and deliver football development. The average number of
volunteers recruited for a typical facility funded by The Foundation is 34. Table 11 illustrates the
average number of volunteers required for each investment type.

18

Local jobs are defined as part-time or full-time employment created in the same or neighbouring local authority as the
funded site.

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Table 11: Average number of volunteers for a facility, by investment type

Volunteers recruited

Average number
of volunteer
coaches

Average
general
volunteers

Average total
number of
volunteers

Artificial Grass Pitch (AGPs)

11

15

26

21

22

43

11

20

Small scale

16

17

30

Total

16

18

34

Changing Rooms and Grass

Pitches
Multi

Source: The Football Foundation, Cebr analysis

Recruiting volunteers enables the low-cost running of facilities and drives the income-generating
operations that are undertaken on a daily basis. This allows more funds to be spent on operational
expenditures which are required for the day-to-day running of the facility. Their role therefore
makes the operation of grass roots sports facilities financially viable and unlocks both indirect and
induced multipliers that result from increased operating expenditures (see Chapter 3 for indirect and
induced impacts).
Indirect impacts of operating expenditure relate to the increased demand stimulus for economic
activities which supply products and services required for the operation of sports facilities. Induced
impacts of operating expenditures relate to the effects of increased consumer spending as a result of
increased income received by paid staff at facilities.
Essentially, each volunteer provides a financial subsidy which is used to fund the operating
expenditures and the salaries of paid staff. Assuming that a volunteer works for 5 hours per week on
average, we estimate that each volunteer provides a financial subsidy worth 3,500 per year19. The
80 investments made in 2011 are therefore expected to require the support of an additional 2,700
volunteers per year. We therefore estimate that the 45.9m worth of investments made in 2011 by
The Foundation will be supported by volunteering activities that are worth 9.5m per year in terms
of economic output to the economy.
Direct employment benefits
As discussed, the recruitment of volunteer staff enables employees on the wage bill to be
compensated sufficiently so that they can be employed on full-time or part-time basis (e.g. for site
management, football development, maintenance, cleaning and/or bar activities). Based on the
average ratio of paid staff to recruited volunteers across operated facilities (1:4), we estimate that
for every 100 volunteers recruited, 25 individuals are able to be offered paid employment (on
either a part-time or full-time basis) on-site as a result of the project becoming financially viable
through income generation at low cost.

19

Salary data from the Office for National Statistics estimate the average annual wage of a part-time worker to be 11,200.
The national-level average number of hours worked part-time per week is 16.

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The majority of volunteering benefits relate to the direct income-generating and operational
expenditures that are unlocked through their participation. However, there is also an opportunity for
individuals to gain skills and expertise through completing training courses. In 2010/11, around twothirds of sites held a total of 2,424 courses which were completed by 25,999 individuals. Based on
investments made by the Football Foundation in 2011, we estimate that the completed facilities may
help an additional 3,200 volunteers gain new qualifications every year20.

Income-generating activities of facilities

The completed facilities funded by The Foundation generate income from the activities held on-site.
This income finances the operating expenditures of the site, which drive further indirect and induced
benefits associated with increased demand for products/services required during the operation of
sports facilities and other supporting economic activities (public houses, bars and retail sale of sports
equipment). The operating income also finances the staff costs associated with hiring management,
maintenance, bar, cleaning, football development and coaching staff. Table 12 shows that around
6.2 pence is earned in annual income for every 1 spent on construction of facilities. This estimate is
based on operational income data provided through the annual Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E)
Survey conducted by The Foundation.
Table 12: Average annual income per spent on construction and total average annual income from investments
made in 2011, by investment type

Income generated

Average annual income generated

per spent on construction, pence

Average estimated annual income

from investments in 2011, M

Artificial Grass Pitch (AGPs)

15.1p

0.9m

Changing Rooms and Grass

Pitches
Multi

2.5p

0.7m

7.8p

1.7m

Total

6.2p

3.3m

Source: The Football Foundation, Cebr analysis

We estimate that 45.9m worth of construction projects funded in 2011 would therefore yield an
average annual income of around 3.3m, which would facilitate the operating expenditures incurred
when running the constructed facilities. Revenue streams are typically generated through pitch hires
for league matches, coaching programmes and training sessions. In addition, income streams are
generated through player/team subscriptions, membership fees and bar income. Facilities are used
by a range of groups, including football teams, soccer schools, coaches, youth clubs, leagues and
summer camps.

20

This is based on Monitoring & Evaluation data held by The Football Foundation which suggest around two-thirds of sites
help an average of 60 volunteers receive new qualifications per year at each site.

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2.3 Input-output modelling and alternative multiplier concepts

Having assigned a classification against the industries that will grow to provide for grass roots
facilities development and operation within the supply-and-use framework, we were able to
establish the size of the economic contributions made by this industry. We estimate these
contributions using standard metrics relating to gross value added (GVA21) and percentages of UK
GDP, and absolute and percentage shares of UK employment.
To measure broader economic contributions that can be expected to occur through the multiplier
process, we used the approaches of a number of well-known authorities in the area. The
appropriateness of these alternatives depends on how the prevailing macroeconomic circumstances
and policies are to be interpreted. The alternative approaches and the relevant economic
circumstances are outlined as follows.

Leontief matrix multipliers for the domestic economy

Multipliers show the ratio of an induced change in national income to an initial change in the level of
final demand spending, where the multiplier effect denotes the phenomenon whereby some initial
increase (or decrease) in the rate of spending will bring about a more than proportionate increase
(or decrease) in national income. The Keynesian approach barely requires a mention but is very
much grounded in macroeconomic analysis, offering little capability to analyse impacts of entities
that are smaller than the whole economy.
Input-output analysis, due largely to the work of Wassily Leontief22, while macroeconomic in the
sense that it involves analysing the economy as a whole, owes its foundations and techniques to the
microeconomic analysis of production and consumption.23 According to ten Raa (2005), some
people argue that input-output analysis is at the interface of both, defining it as the study of
industries or sectors of the economy. Figure 6 provides a screenshot of Cebrs Leontief Input-Output
Model during the development stage.

GVA or gross value added is a measure of the value from production in the national accounts and can be thought of as the value of
industrial output less intermediate consumption. That is, the value of what is produced less the value of the intermediate goods and
services used as inputs to produce it. GVA is also commonly known as income from production and is distributed in three directions to
employees, to shareholders and to government. GVA is linked as a measurement to GDP both being a measure of economic output.
That relationship is (GVA + Taxes on products - Subsidies on products = GDP). Because taxes and subsidies on individual product
categories are only available at the whole economy level (rather than at the sectoral or regional level), GVA tends to be used for
measuring things like gross regional domestic product and other measures of economic output of entities that are smaller than the whole
economy.
22 See, for example, Leontief, Wassily W. Input-Output Economics. 2nd ed., New York: Oxford University Press, 1986.
23 See ten Raa, Thijs (2005), The Economics of Input-Output Analysis, Cambridge University Press.
21

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Figure 6: Screenshot of Cebr Leontief Input-Output Model

Source: Cebr analysis

The well-known Leontief inverse matrix, which shows the inter-industry dependencies of an
economy, is the basis for producing so-called ordinary (or traditional) input-output multipliers.
These are some of the most important tools for measuring the total impact on output, employment
and income when there is a change in final demand.
The Leontief inverse matrix can also be described as the output requirements matrix for final
demand, that is, it shows the input requirements from the other sectors of the economy per unit of
output produced in the sector under examination in response to a final demand stimulus. The
matrix can be used to produce two types of multiplier the Type I multiplier incorporating direct
and indirect (supply chain) impacts and the Type II multiplier incorporating induced (through higher
incomes and resulting greater consumption) impacts as well.

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Grass root sports facilities: size, economic contribution and impacts

This section sets out the results of our analysis. Section 3.1 considers the contribution of grass roots
sports facilities to economic output. Direct and multiplier effects are presented. Section 3.2
considers the direct and multiplier impacts of grass roots sports facilities on employment.

3.1 Contribution of grass roots sports facilities to economic output

Direct impacts
The Football Foundation facilitated investments in construction projects worth a total of 45.9m in
2011. This is estimated to lead to 21.1m being generated in direct Gross Value Added (GVA)
impacts during the construction and operational phase24. This calculation is based upon the typical
profits and wages generated by the industries receiving the direct demand stimulus of expenditure
on construction. We have used UK-based Supply and Use tables to achieve this calculation. This
assumes that the supply chain characteristics of a firm receiving funds for construction broadly
follow relationships witnessed at the national level. Given that our findings show that around 73% of
the direct employment is sourced locally, we can assume that the lions share of the GVA increase
would also be experienced locally.

Multiplier impacts
Our findings show that the domestic Output multiplier (Leontief matrix approach) is equal to 2.53.
This can be interpreted in simple terms as follows: for every 1 of output generated directly by
contractors required for grass roots facility investments and operations, an additional 1.53 of
economic output is generated in the wider economy through indirect and induced impacts25. The
decomposition of these multiplier impacts are illustrated and explained further in Figure 7 below,
using the value of 2.53 for the estimated Output multiplier based on 2009 Supply and Use data.

GVA is equal to Gross Domestic Product less taxes and subsidies on production. We estimate a direct GDP contribution
of 21.7m
25 In comparison, we have estimated the aggregate UK Construction industry Output multiplier to be 2.60 based on 2009
Supply and Use data.
24

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Figure 7: Constituent elements of the estimated domestic output multipliers

Football Foundation UK output multiplier = 2.53

Total Investment
1

Partnership funding
0.66

+
Football Foundations
funding
0.33

Direct impact
1
The Foundations
expenditure on
construction projects
triggers supply response
from contractor. In
producing or providing
its services, the
contractor produces
additional output.
Assume that the initial 1
expenditure produces 1
of additional output by
contractor. This 1 of
output is the direct
output impact of the 1
increment in expenditure
on construction projects

Indirect impact
0.97
To increase its supply,
contractors must
increase its demands on
its suppliers, who
increase demands on
their suppliers and so on
through the supply
chain. This generates
the indirect impact, an
increase in output
throughout the supply
chain of 0.97 for every
additional 1 of
contractor output

Induced impact
0.56

Total impact
2.53

The combined direct and

indirect impacts have an
impact on household
income throughout the
economy, through
increased employment,
profits etc. A proportion
of this income will be respent on final goods and
services, producing a
supply response by the
producers of these
goods/services and
further impacts through
their supply chains etc.
This produces the induced
impact of 0.56 of output
for every additional 1 of
construction output

Source: Cebr analysis

The Foundation contributes around 33p in every 1 invested in construction projects with the
remainder generated through partnership funding. In other words, every 33p invested by The
Foundation generates a total Output multiplier impact of 2.53. This means that the 15m
contributed by The Foundation towards construction projects started in 2011 generated a total of
116m26 in economic output.

3.2 Contribution of grass roots sports facilities to employment

Direct impacts
In 2011, The Foundations investments are estimated to support direct total employment of 632 Full
Time Equivalent (FTEs) jobs during the construction and operational phase. During the construction
phase, around 344 FTE jobs are created. Approximately 73% of labour is sourced locally during the
construction process, which equates to direct local employment impacts of 251 FTE jobs.
During the operation phase, a total of 288 FTE jobs are supported once construction projects are
completed and facilities become fully operational. In addition, 2,700 volunteers per year are
expected to help run these facilities and undertake economic activities which are worth 9.5m to the
economy in terms of annual economic output. In addition, 3,200 volunteers are expected to gain
new qualifications every year through completing training courses at these funded facilities.

26

This figure is calculated by applying the Output multiplier (2.53) to the total investment of 45.9m.

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Multiplier impacts
The domestic employment multiplier (Leontief matrix approach) is equal to 2.1827. This can be
interpreted in simple terms as follows: for every one FTE job generated directly by contractors
required for grass roots facility investments and operations, an additional 1.18 FTE jobs are expected
to be generated in the wider economy through indirect and induced impacts. The decomposition of
the multiplier impact is illustrated and explained in the same manner as the Output multiplier.
Figure 8: Constituent elements of the estimated domestic employment multipliers

Football Foundation UK employment multiplier = 2.18

Direct impact
1 FTE
The Foundations
expenditure on
construction projects
services triggers supply
response from contractor.
In producing or providing
their services, the
contractor hires additional
staff. Assume sufficient
expenditure on
contractors services to
generate 1 additional FTE
job. This 1 FTE job is the
direct employment impact
of the relevant increment
in expenditure on
construction projects

Indirect impact
0.68 FTE
To increase its supply,
contractors must
increase its demands on
its suppliers, who
increase demands on
their suppliers and so on
down the supply chain.
This generates the
indirect impact, an
increase in employment
throughout the supply
chain of 0.68 of a FTE for
every additional FTE in
construction

Induced impact
0.50 FTE
The combined direct and
indirect impacts have an
impact on household
income throughout the
economy, through increased
employment, profits etc. A
proportion of this income
will be re-spent on final
goods and services,
producing a supply response
by the producers of these
goods/services and further
impacts through their
supply chains etc. This
produces the induced
impact of 0.50 of a FTE for
every additional FTE in
construction

Source: Cebr analysis

As a result of The Foundations investments in 2011, a total of 632 FTE jobs are expected to be
directly supported during the construction and operation phase. Given an Employment multiplier of
2.18, we anticipate that an additional 746 FTE jobs would be supported due to indirect and induced
impacts. This means that in total, 1,378 FTE jobs are expected to be supported as a result of The
Foundations investments in 2011.

27

In comparison, we have estimated the aggregate UK Construction industry Employment multiplier to be 3.08 based on
2009 Supply and Use data.

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4 Conclusions
As discussed earlier on in this report, boosting the construction sector holds a strategic importance
to UK economy, given that lack of activity in the sector has been the largest downward contributor
to GDP growth in recent quarters. Investment in construction projects generate economic output
multipliers which go above and beyond the initial investment. We have shown that investment in
grass roots sports facilities does exactly this, generating an additional 1.53 in output for every 1
invested. The Output multiplier for a typical Arts, entertainment or recreation activity is 2.22
which compares to The Foundations Output multiplier of 2.53. Investments in 2011 by The
Foundation are estimated to have contributed 53m in terms of GDP to the UK economy. Our
findings also show that there are significant employment impacts from such investments an
additional job is created indirectly for every job required to either build or run a facility.
The impacts on the local community are also felt economically and socially. The subcontractors
working on construction projects funded by The Foundation recruit around 73% of their labour
locally. This means that the economic benefits of the project are realised within the local area which
increases support for and awareness of funded sites within communities. Whilst the facilities
constructed do generate operating income of their own, a significant volunteering effort is also
required to run the facilities and deliver football development. Volunteering therefore plays a crucial
role in making the economics of grass roots sports facilities sustainable. For every 100 volunteers
recruited, 25 employees can be paid on either a part-time or full-time basis. This enables paid
coaches and football development staff to run coaching and training programmes in local
communities. It also means that thousands of volunteers can gain new qualifications every year in
exchange for their time. A typical volunteer at a grass sports facility spends around 5 hours per week
on-site.
Aside from the boost to household incomes and employment supported by the construction and
operational phases of facilities, there are other economic benefits to consider. Improving upon and
building new local facilities plays a part in increasing the attractiveness of an area to live in.
Packaged with the right set of additional measures, e.g., better transport, housing, access to
services, there is an opportunity to attract new workers and employers into under-employed areas.
These regeneration impacts are over and above the total direct, indirect and induced impacts
gained from the initial investment. The regeneration impacts of The Foundations investments are
felt more in areas where unemployment rates are into double-digits. In 2011, The Foundation has
invested in towns and cities such as Middlesbrough, Leicester, Birmingham and Sunderland which
between them had an average unemployment rate of 14.2%.
The health benefits from better access to sports facilities are also important to study as part of the
economic case. A study on the effects of a national health promotion initiative run by English
Premier League and championship clubs showed that football provides another avenue for reaching
men with chronic health conditions who do not typically consult their GP or seek advice from a
health professional28. Taking part in activities at local sports facilities improves physical education
and can lead to better physical fitness and healthier lifestyles. This reduces the incidence of many
chronic conditions which contributes to lower national healthcare treatment costs and higher labour
productivity.

28

Premier League Health A national programme of mens health promotion delivered in/by professional football clubs:
Final report 2012, Leeds Metropolitan University

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Currently, only around 5% of adults get at least 30 minutes of moderate exercise (e.g. walking,
cycling, gardening, housework and sports) on five or more days of the week29. Around 26% of adults
are obese whilst 63% are classified as being overweight or obese. We estimate that obesity currently
costs the UK economy around 3bn per year in NHS treatment costs and 1bn year in productivity
losses30. By 2025, around 40% of individuals are forecast to be obese as a result of low levels of
physical activity, richer diets and more sedentary lifestyles31. Amongst children aged between 2 and
15, only a quarter (27%) achieve at least 1 hour of moderate exercise each day. Investment in local
facilities would improve access to sports and exercise for families with children, as well as reduce
transport costs for those making longer distance trips. Football is the most popular sports activity
amongst children aged between 11 and 15, and the second most popular sport for children under 10
after swimming32.
In conclusion, there are better economic, social and health outcomes associated with investments in
grass roots sports facilities. Most of these benefits are kept within the local community and
therefore support regeneration efforts in areas which are particularly underemployed. On a strategic
level, we have shown that investment in the construction sector would support economic growth
and jobs across the whole economy. Commercial and residential construction activity has been left
beleaguered by increasingly volatile and uncertain economic conditions. The current environment is
characterised by higher funding costs and reduced private sector investment. As such, alternative
sources of investment, such as through the Third sector; appear to be an attractive solution for
supporting growth in the construction industry as well as the wider economy.

Statistics on obesity, physical activity and diet: England, 2012, NHS The Information Centre For Health And Social Care
Cebr report on Health pledges: Bupa Health and Wellbeing Study - An assessment of the financial savings to individuals,
employers and the NHS
31 Tackling Obesities: Future Choices, Government Office for Science
32 Statistics on obesity, physical activity and diet: England, 2012, NHS The Information Centre For Health And Social Care
29
30

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Appendix A: Sample of actual project data

Actual construction spending data from a sample of 11 projects started in 2011 was used as an input
into the modelling process is provided below. Contractors were asked to enumerate all economic
activities that were commissioned from different sub-contractors including an estimate of the
proportion of labour likely to be sourced locally. The sample projects are listed below.
Appendix A Table: Sample projects started in 2011 from which actual construction spending data was used

Grant No.

Project Category

Organisation receiving funding

G71106

Multi

Middlesbrough Borough Council

G73952

Multi

Sheffield City Council

G74271

AGP

Wrotham School

G74717

Small scale project

Northampton Borough Council

G74756

Multi

Blyth School

G74758

Changing rooms and Grass pitches

Northampton Borough Council

G74774

Multi

Chippenham Town Council

G75005

Changing rooms and Grass pitches

Iver Parish Council

G75012

Changing rooms and Grass pitches

Colne Community School

G75516

Changing rooms and Grass pitches

Bere Regis Sports Club

G75915

Changing rooms and Grass pitches

Navenby Parish Council

Centre for Economics and Business Research Ltd, 2012