Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
2015
Prepare
for the
pill to make
you thin
ISSN 2052-1081
05>
9 772052 108010
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30.01.2015
N.5
18 The socialite
murder gripping
the States
by Lynnley Browning
shaking up the EU
by Yiannis Baboulias
22 Inquiry opens on
26 A dating
revolution for
Islams millenials
by Vivian Nereim
NEW WORLD
COREY RICH/AURORA
stop machines
wearing out
by James Badcock
DOWNTIME
FEATURES
28
China
River rescue
Crowd cooling
10 Chechnya
by Andy Cave
42
Brazil
Poster girl
60 Eastwoods latest
BIG SHOTS
6
by James Fergusson
56 Seductress or
12 India
64 Hitchocks lost
WWII footage
returns to TV
by Abigail Jones
PAG E O N E
by Catherine Ostler
14 Frances problem
COVER CREDITS
with secularism
by Lucy Wadham
Newsweek (ISSN 2052-1081), is published weekly except for a double issue in December. Newsweek (EMEA) is
published by Newsweek Ltd (part of the IBT Media Group) 25 Canada Square, Canary Wharf, London E14 5LQ, UK.
Printed by Quad/Graphics Europe Sp z o.o., Wyszkow, Poland
NEWSWEEK
30/01/2015
IN THIS ISSUE
EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
CHIEF EXECUTIVE
Johnathan Davis
Jim Impoco
Etienne Uzac
EDITORIAL
EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
Richard Addis
PRODUCTION EDITOR
MANAGING EDITOR
HEAD OF DESIGN
NEWS EDITOR
DEPUTY NEWS EDITOR
DESIGN EDITOR
PICTURE EDITOR
SUB-EDITOR
SOCIAL MEDIA EDITOR
ASSOCIATE EDITORS
Nick Passmore
Cordelia Jenkins
Daniel Biddulph
Barney Guiton
Lucy Draper
Jessica Landon
Marian Paterson
Maria Lazareva
Damien Sharkov
Deirdre Fernand
Cathy Galvin
Victor Sebestyen
CONTRIBUTING EDITORS
Simon Akam
Christena Appleyard
Bella Bathurst
Alex Bellos
Rosie Boycott
Robert Chalmers
Harry Eyres
Miranda Green
Sarah Helm
Anthony Holden
Caroline Irby
Catherine Ostler
Alex Perry
George Pitcher
Katharine Quarmby
Nicholas Shakespeare
PUBLISHING
MANAGING DIRECTOR
Dev Pragad
GENERAL MANAGER
SENIOR SALES DIRECTOR
GROUP ADVERTISING DIRECTOR
COMMERCIAL DIRECTOR
SALES DIRECTOR
SENIOR COMMERCIAL MANAGER
BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT MANAGER
SUBSCRIPTION MANAGER
NEWSSTAND MANAGER
Dave Martin
Chantal Mamboury
Una Reynolds
James Males
Gemma Bell
Pierce Cook-Anderson
Tom Rendell
Samantha Rhodes
Kim Sermon
NEWSWEEK
30/01/2015
Andy Cave
is an awardwinning author,
world class
mountaineer. He
has led expeditions around the
world, including the Himalayas, the
Alps and Alaska and is the author of
Thin White Line.
Catherine
Ostler
is a contributing
editor to Newsweek and to the
Daily Mail. She is
the former editor
of Tatler and the Evening Standard
Magazine.
James
Fergusson
is the author of
several acclaimed
books on Afghanistan and Somalia.
He recently
completed a Masters degree in hydrogeology at Strathclyde University.
Lucy Wadham
is a British
novelist and
journalist based in
Paris. She is the
author of the
bestselling The
Secret Life of France, a study of the
French mindset.
Mary Dejevsky
has worked as a
foreign correspondent in Moscow
for The Times, and
in Paris and Washington DC for The
Independent. A member of the Chatham House thinktank and the Valdai
Group, she is also an Honorary
Research Fellow at the University of
Buckingham.
The fridge needs help. Because much of the energy we need to power it produces waste, pollutes
the atmosphere and changes the climate. We can transition the way we produce and use energy
in a way that will contribute to a sustainable future. Were campaigning in countries all around the
world to provide the solutions for governments, for companies and for all members of society to
make the right choices about energy conservation and use. And you, as an individual, can help
just by the choices you make. Help us look after the world where you live at panda.org/50
Spitsbergen, Norway.
Wild Wonders of Europe / Ole Joergen Liodden / WWF-Canon
HELP
SAVE
THE
FRIDGE
EPA
NEWSWEEK
30/01/2015
BIG
SHOTS
CHINA
River rescue
Relatives of
passengers missing
from an overturned
tugboat in the
Yangtze River huddle
together, united in
their grief. A man
seeks news on his
mobile telephone.
Only three out of
22 people on board
were saved, one of
whom was freed a
full 14 hours after
the boat capsized
when rescuers cut
through the bottom
of the hull. The
30-metre-long boat
was undergoing tests
when it suddenly
turned over,
flooding the cockpit
within 20 seconds,
according to one of
the survivors.
WU HONG
NEWSWEEK
30/01/2015
GETTY
NEWSWEEK
30/01/2015
BIG
SHOTS
BRAZIL
Crowd
cooling
Temperatures in
Brazil have reached
40C during the most
severe heatwave in
the country for 50
years. Some respite
is at hand for these
residents of Rio,
cooling off in the sea
at Copacabana Beach,
where traditionally
it is unusual to swim
after the sun has gone
down. Elsewhere,
in the city of Santos,
close to So Paulo,
at least 30 elderly
people have died
in the heat. This
comes after 2014 was
declared the warmest
year, globally, since
records began in
1880, says Nasa.
MARIO TAMA
NEWSWEEK
30/01/2015
BIG
SHOTS
]CHECHNYA
Poster girl
A woman holds a
placard expressing
her commitment
to the prophet
Muhammad during
a state-sponsored
rally in the North
Caucasus region
of Chechnya.
Demonstrators chant
Allahu-Akbar
(God is great) and
release balloons into
the sky as speakers
harangue Western
governments for
allowing publications
to print caricatures
of the prophet.
Chechnya is loyal to
Russia, where the
leadership extended
its condolences to
France over the
Charlie Hebdo killings
but also accused
the cartoonists of
provoking the attacks.
MAKSIM BABENKO
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BIG
SHOTS
]INDIA
Shake it all
about
Makar Sankranti
marks one of the
most important
festivals of the Hindu
calendar, celebrating
the suns celestial
journey into the
northern hemisphere.
On Sagar Island, at
the confluence of
the river Ganges and
the Bay of Bengal,
a Sadhu or holy
man casually
tosses his head after
taking a dip in the
water, creating an
impressive arc of
water. The festival
marks the arrival of
spring in India.
RUPAK DE CHOWDHURI
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13
30/01/2015
REUTERS
NEWSWEEK
MILLIONS OF MUSLIMS IN
FRANCE FELT DEEPLY INSULTED
BETWEEN WORLDS:
Malek Chebel, right,
an Algerian-born
French academic, has
remarked upon the
continuing tension
between secularism
and multiculturalism
in France
NEWSWEEK
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30/01/2015
BY
LUCY WADHAM
@LucyWadham
BE NJAM IN CHEL LY
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PARIS IS BURNING:
In the wake of the
attacks on the offices
of the satirical
magazine Charlie
Hebdo, demonstrators
made their way
along the Place de la
Rpublique in Paris,
left. Chebel, below
left, who received the
Legion of Honour from
President Nicolas
Sarkozy, has spoken
about Frances failure
to truly integrate
Islamic culture
P A G E
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P A G E
O N E
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BY
LYNNLEY BROWNING
IN NEW YORK
AP
WASP ON TRIAL:
Gilbert was arrested
after his mother
called the police
and reported he had
murdered his father
at their apartment in
Manhattans Beekman
Place
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30/01/2015
P A G E
O N E
most in Greece have lost their appetite for grandstanding politicians. Two days later, Tsipras took
questions on Twitter, making #AskTsipras the
number one trending hashtag in Greece and the
third globally.
No longer the anti-Euro maverick introduced
to the mainstream when Syriza was a marginal
political force, Tsipras is promising to end austerity and renegotiate Greeces massive debt now standing at more than
170% of the countrys GDP while
staying within the Eurozone. More
bodly still, he promises to go to war
with Greek oligarchs, an intention
indicative of the extend of his ambition to break with traditional politicking in this
corruption-ridden country.
For those who remember his early days at the
helm of a tiny party that hardly won 4,6% of the
vote, the contrast between Tsipras past and his
current image, is huge. When the state-educated
son of an engineer took over Syriza (then Syn-
NEWSWEEK
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30/01/2015
BY
YIANNIS BABOULIAS
IN ATHENS
NEWSWEEK
as supremely sure of himself. He had just delivered two major talks in the space of a week and
the left-wing British press had treated him with
reverence.
Now, in 2015, he is becoming the face of the
European left and yet its surprising how little
is known about him. Born in 1978, he is married
to his high-school sweetheart and as the father of
two children he still tries to walk them to school
every morning. The family lives in downtown
Athens in an area many would consider rough
miles away from the sons and daughters of
political dynasties that have reigned over Greek
political life in the past seven decades.
His first steps in Greek political life were taken
early on, during the wave of school occupations
rocking Greece in the early 1990s. Then a longhaired student and member of the communist party youth, Tsipras represented a group
of schools and soon became adept at playing
politics.
He joined the Synaspismos youth movement
after a split in the Communist party and was the
leader of the barely 500-strong group from 1999
and until 2003. But his star really began to shine
when he ran for mayor of Athens in 2006, winning
10% of the vote. Alekos Alavanos, then leader of
the party, hand-picked him as his successor, and
in 2008 he was elected by party-members as the
leader of Synaspismos with a convincing 70%.
He wasnt actually elected as an MP until a year
later, after the 2009 elections.
Within three turbulent years, the 35-year-old
took what had by now become Syriza (Coalition of the Radical Left) from 4,6% in 2009 to
26,7% in 2012 and transformed the party into the
de-facto opposition.
But today there is another dimension to Tsiprashis his links to Spains Podemos leader, Pablo
Iglesias. Dubbed Tsiglesias by Bloombergs Joe
Weisenthal, the duo is heralded as the new face
of the European Left, with Podemos activists
saying that Tsipras is treated like a hero when he
visits Spain.
Tsiprass anti-austerity policy calls for a 12 million Euro increase in social spending, putting
Greece on collision course with the European
Union. But opinion polls show that some 75 %
of Greeks want the country to stay within the
single currency. At the time of writing, a likely
result in the ballot is that no party will win an
overall majority. Tsipras publicly has ruled out a
coalition with the fast-rising centre left To Potami party but a power-sharing deal would give
Syrizas energetic leader a valid reason to tone
down his radical proposals and avoid an outright
n
conflict with the European Union.
21
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P A G E
O N E
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BY
MARY DEJEVSKY
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L EO N N E A L /A F P/G E T T Y, M I S H A JA PA R I DZ E /A P
DIPLOMATIC ROW:
Below left, copies
of the book Death
of a Dissident by
Litvinenkos friend
Alex Goldfarb and
wife Marina, pictured
outside the High
Court, below right.
The main suspect
in the case, Andrei
Lugovoi, below centre,
said he would not
cooperate with the
inquest because
political pressure
in Britain was
preventing him from
getting a fair trial
background in Soviet and then Russian intelligence. There were the polonium tracks across
London and in British Airways planes in distant
parts of the world. Dont panic, Londoners were
told, even as the spectre was conjured up of a
criminal, armed with deadly radiation, loose in
the UK capital.
Litvinenkos movements shortly before he
became ill included lunch with an Italian agent
and investigator, Mario Scaramella, in a Piccadilly sushi bar, and a meeting with Lugovoi
who, it turned out, was a long-time associate
at the Pine Bar in Mayfairs Millennium Hotel.
It was here, police concluded, that the deed had
been done, when a deadly dose of polonium was
added to Litvinenkos tea. Boris Berezovsky, the
migr oligarch, fierce Putin foe and incorrigible
schemer, had more than a bit part. Litvinenko,
it emerged, had been partly in his
employ, and Berezovsky had funded
the family in London. Reinforcing the
cloak-and-dagger atmosphere was the
coincidence of the new James Bond
film, Skyfall, hitting the screens, with
spectacular sequences shot around
the Thames-side headquarters of MI6.
Months trundled by; then years. The law
requires that mysterious deaths be investigated,
and they hardly come more mysterious than Litvinenkos or more potentially threatening to
public safety or to diplomatic relations. The first
P A G E
O N E
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EUROPE
newsweekinsights.com
P A G E
O N E
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were for a long time the norm, with minimal contact between a couple before their wedding. But
customs are evolving rapidly. Oil wealth, globalisation and widespread higher education have
transformed the country since Sultan Qaboos
bin Said seized power from his father in 1970 and
opened Oman to the world.
Its a new generation, says Rahma al-Mahrooqi, director of the humanities research centre
at Sultan Qaboos University in Muscat. People
are becoming more open-minded, says Ammar
Ali, 26, an Omani who met his wife Sarah (halfOmani, half-Scottish) through a mutual friend.
In a survey of 921 Omanis aged 18 to 60,
al-Mahrooqis research centre found that 83%
were against arranged marriage. More than a
love marriage, young Omanis want a compatible marriage, al-Mahrooqi says. Somebody
with, for example, the same kind of education
and background, instead of the same kind of
family. As a result, many are looking for partners at university, at work or on social media.
Similar changes are happening in the neighboring United Arab Emirates, says Jane Bristol-Rhys, associate professor of anthropology
at Zayed University in Abu Dhabi. Exposure to
other cultures whether through television, the
internet, or direct contact with foreigners has
30/01/2015
BY
VIVIAN NEREIM
IN MUSCAT
@viviannereim
PASCA L D E LO C H E /G O LO N G
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28
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Al-Qaidas
next act
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T
The ancient city of Sanaa is one of the
oldest continuously-inhabited cities on
the planet. Its astounding street markets, almost unchanged since the time
of the Prophet, used to attract hordes
of Western tourists. Not any more. The
risk of kidnap has become too great; the
British Embassy advises its nationals to
leave the country if possible, and if not,
to keep any movement around the capital to an absolute minimum. Walking
anywhere in the city these days raises
hairs on the back of the neck.
The kidnap of foreigners, usually by
hill tribes seeking leverage over the
Sanaa government, has a long history in
Yemen. It used to be considered bad for
business to harm the victims, who were
traditionally released unhurt that has
changed too. In a sign of the resurgence
of Islamic extremism in the region,
kidnappers have started selling their
victims to al-Qaida and abducted foreigners increasingly end up dead.
For the last year or more, the Wests
fear and attention has been focused
on the emergence of Isis in Syria and
northern Iraq. The Islamic States ideology, the brutality of its methods, and
the success of its territorial campaign
have eclipsed al-Qaida, the movement
that spawned Isis, but which also formally disavowed them a year ago. Since
the death of Osama bin Laden, al-Qaida has seemed divided, directionless; a
diminished force.
Its franchise in Yemen, al-Qaida in the
Arabian Peninsula (AQAP), was perhaps
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Terrors return
Al-Qaida has a long track record of
exploiting sectarian differences. In
Yemen, though, it has developed
another, more surprising, method of
winning tribal hearts and minds: its
members have become champion
exploiters of the countrys chronic
water shortage. (The country is one
of the five most water-stressed in the
world, with just 86 cubic metres available per capita per annum, according
to the World Bank. Even drought-prone
Somalia has 572 cubic meters available
per capita. The UK, by contrast, has
2,262 cubic metres).
In regions south and east of Sanaa,
where many communities have been
ignored for years by the central government, AQAP has won significant
support not just by providing villagers
with water, but also by helping them to
dig wells and install other vital water
infrastructure. Sharia, the Islamic law
that al-Qaida is determined to impose,
means, in one of its many possible
translations, the path to the water
hole a metaphor for spiritual salvation with obvious appeal to followers of
a religion that originated in the Arabian
desert. AQAP is trying to make that
metaphor a reality.
This activity goes far beyond social
work. In an impoverished farming
nation, where over half the population
still lives off the land, access to water,
and the ability to irrigate crops, is often
a matter of life or death. Even government officials estimate that local disputes over land and water already lead
to 4,000 deaths every year.
Sanaa is badly affected, too. Supply is
already so poor here that municipal taps
function on average only once a month.
Its 2.6 million residents have long relied
on rooftop cisterns filled with water
expensively tankered in from elsewhere.
According to a study commissioned by
WATER WEAPON: Above: Flooding on
the outskirts of Sanaa. Below: Islamist
idealogue Anwar al-Awlaki, killed by a US
drone in 2011, was an engineer
NEWSWEEK
31
the World Bank, the city could be unsustainable as soon as 2019. Unless action
is taken soon, Sanaas residents may
be forced to leave the city to wither and
die. The wars of the future, it is often
said, will be fought not over oil but over
water. Yemen offers us a glimpse of the
coming apocalypse.
Worse, AQAP is looking to export its
water weapon. In a document discovered by the Associated Press in 2013,
addressed to AQIM (al-Qaida in the
Maghreb), AQAP suggested trying to
win locals over by taking care of their
daily needs like water. Providing these
necessities will have a great effect on
people, and will make them sympathise
with us and feel that their fate is tied to
ours. AQAP has identified the provision of water and its infrastructure as
a key means of doing this. The United
States former Enemy Number One
in the region, the Islamist ideologue
Anwar al-Awlaki, who was killed by a US
drone strike in 2011, was the holder of a
BSc in Civil Engineering from Colorado
State University.
30/01/2015
AQAPs
members
have become
champion
exploiters of
the countrys
chronic water
shortage.
AQAP may also have learned from the
mistakes of other AQ franchises, such as
their neighbours in Somalia, al-Shabaab.
The greatest reversal suffered by that
organisation came during the southern
Somali drought of 2011, which it dealt
with by asserting that it existed only in
the minds of Western propagandists.
Refugees fleeing the drought zones were
ordered to return to their homes and to
pray for rain. Tens of thousands died as
a consequence, and popular support for
al-Shabaab collapsed.
Water wars
The demand for water is growing
worldwide as populations expand,
but groundwater sources are being
sucked dry. The result, in places like
the Middle East, is simple: whoever
controls the water holds the power.
Ratio of withdrawals to supply
Low stress (<10%)
Low to medium stress (10-20%)
Medium to high stress (20-40%)
High stress (40-80%)
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PORTA B L E NETWORK
PORTABLE
N E T WORK G
GRAPHICS
RAPHICS
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military campaign and the water shortage is already killing more of our people than al-Qaida ever will.
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THE
DAWN
WALL
Last week, two young
men mastered the
mind-bogglingly difficult
Dawn Wall of El Capitan,
Yosemite, their every move
watched by an audience
of millions. Mountaineer
and author Andy Cave
explains what made their
achievement so remarkable
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HOW IT COMPARES
2,307m
El Capitan, Yosemite
National Park
2,000m
632m
1
Shanghai
Tower,
Shanghai
301m
Eiffel Tower,
Paris
830m
Burj Khalifa,
Dubai
115m
Redwood Tree,
California
308m
The Shard,
London
The conditions
were just magic.
It was the one
moment over the
last 10 days when
it was cloudy
and cold enough
to climb during
daylight.
1786
1865
1889
1953
MONT BLANC,
FRANCE
MATTERHORN,
SWITZERLAND
MT. KILIMANJARO,
TANZANIA
MT. EVEREST,
NEPAL
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I had climbed
the north face
of the Eiger and
a couple of
Himalayan peaks
by first ascents,
but still I had
never seen a
piece of stone so
big and flawless
as this.
REAL-TIME CLIMBS
While climbers have been surprised by
the media storm surrounding Caldwell
and Jorgensons ascent, in some ways El
Cap has always been in the public space.
Tourists spend hours watching climbers in action, in a similar way to people at Kleine Scheidegg, Switzerland,
who point telescopes at alpinists on the
Eiger. The difference this time is that the
adventurers themselves could drip-feed
tweets, Facebook posts and video clips
to a breathless audience, providing a
blow-by-blow account of their progress.
People go climbing for many reasons:
to escape the mundane pressures of
work, to be close to nature, to be lost in
the endeavour. Surely spending hours
on social media detracts from this? Critics will doubtless claim the duo have
created a media circus. But look closely
at their messages and there is a self-effacing tone. I am not sure Barack Obama
quite understood that sentiment, however, passing on his congratulations in
another tweet: So proud of Tommy
Caldwell and Kevin Jorgeson for conquering El Capitan. You remind us that
anything is possible.
Nevertheless, the spotlight on such a
great achievement by two elite climbers is a positive step. The public needs
to know what todays pioneers are
doing. Yes, many of them are virtually
unheard-of outside climbing circles, but
the Dawn Wall story makes a welcome
change from the usual fuss around quite
ordinary climbers being guided up Everest, on a route first climbed 60 years
ago, and rigged all the way by Sherpas.
Hopefully, the better-informed media
pieces have educated the public in a
new narrative that reveals elite climbers not to be thrill-seeking adrenaline
junkies, but as extraordinarily talented
individuals who have spent hours pern
fecting this vertical ballet.
1958
1996
2011
EL CAPITAN,
UNITED STATES
NECESSARY EVIL,
UNITED STATES
BURJ KHALIFA,
DUBAI
BY
CATHERINE OSTLER
CORBIS
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THERE IS A SECRETIVE
GLOBAL ARMS RACE TO
DEVELOP A CURE, OF WHICH
ORAHILLY IS PART AND
PROBABLY, GIVEN HIS
REPUTATION, OUR BEST BET
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A D R I A N A Z E H B RAUS K AS/ P O L A R I S/ EY EV I N E
meanwhile, are a mixed blessing. Intensive exercise (unlike, say, working in the
fields all day or walking everywhere) is
unlikely to be sustained over time, and
is subject to interruption by even mild
injury. It is also likely to boost appetite.
So we hear the (often accurate) horror stories of the need for NHS beds
to be doubled in size; of morgues with
bodies too big for their fridges; of airline seats rebuilt to accommodate the
large. Tabloids feature a gallery of
grotesques: teenagers carried out of
their houses by stretcher, men who are
unable to leave theirs at all.
The severely obese have their own
specific set of problems. But underneath these outliers there is a growing
army: the overweight and less-severely
obese, who are getting fatter and fatter,
and less and less healthy.
In a world that, incredibly, has more
overfed than underfed people in it, even
the way we look at fat has changed. The
problem of over-nutrition is so severe
that those of ideal weight (between 18
and 25 on the BMI index) now look malnourished to us. Obesity is so prevalent
we cant even see it straight.
INVENTING THE FAT PILL
In order to see what were doing about
this complicated problem, I went to visit
Britains war rooms in the fight on flab:
the Wellcome Trust-Medical Research
Council Institute of Metabolic Science
in Cambridge. Its the vision of an affable, determined and imaginative Irishman, Professor Sir Stephen ORahilly.
The Institute opened in 2008 next to
Addenbrookes Hospital. On the ground
floor there is a clinic for diabetic patients,
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MINUTES
TO WALK
EACH DAY TO
AVOID DYING
PREMATURELY
Y
THE
SKINNY ON
OBESITY
30
337,000
OBESITY
NUMBER OF EUROPEAN
DEATHS CAUSED BY
OBESITY AND LACK OF
EXERCISE IN 2008
LACK OF
EXERCISE
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676,000
S H U T T E RSTO C K
YOUR
BMI
74%
61%
67%
betic about to die, chooses to use heritability as a crutch, the only person whos
going to suffer is her. But ignoring the
role of genetics is helpful to no one.
As Yeo sees it, those who eat less arent
morally stronger, they are just people
who dont feel like eating as much, just
like those who feel like taking more
exercise. ORahillys team often looks at
the extremes the severely obese, and
now the very underweight not only to
help them, but also because a study of
the margins often yields clear insights
into the more muddled mainstream.
Professor Sadaf Farooqi studies
ICELAND:
WESTERN EUROPES
MOST OVERWEIGHT
COUNTRY
57%
29% OF GIRLS
26% OF BOYS
could overeat. Today in the West most
of us can we can all be Henry VIII now.
Of course, this doesnt mean that everyone is fat the less-hungry stay thin.
Although in Serengeti terms, you could
argue that the fat ones are more evolved.
Perhaps, back then, Kate Moss types
would have been lion food, says Yeo.
THE GENETIC CRUTCH
The genetic argument is not a popular
one. Yeo tells a story of a man at a Cambridge college dinner pointing at him
saying, you are giving them a crutch.
Yeo says, If Mrs Smith, a 25-stone dia-
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M AT T H EW M C D E R M OT T/ P O L A R I S/ EY EV I N E , G O R D I TOS D E CORAZO N / BA RC RO F T
A GROWING CRISIS:
One of the most pressing issues in global
obesity is the rise in overweight children,
top, who are most affected by fast-food
products of high sugar content, above
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Earlier this month, a report was published in Nature Medicine from researchers at the Salk Institute in La Jolla,
California, claiming they had developed
a drug that works like an imaginary
meal, which was shown to reduce obesity in mice. ORahilly says of the paper,
If we could fool those cells into thinking
we have had a meal, that could be a way
of reducing peoples food intake to produce safe weight-loss. While these are
interesting observations, only a modest
percentage of drugs that seem effective
in mice ever make it into the clinic for
patients. So, in spite of the constant
flow of exciting announcements, most
of them, as yet, seem to be better news
for rotund rodents than obese people.
Work in Cambridge isnt confined to
ORahillys team; Professor Nick Wareham, on the second floor, examines the
population as whole. The causes of the
obesity epidemic are not quite the same
as the causes of obesity in individuals. Education and labelling, Wareham
believes, can only go so far because we
are not rational creatures. He wrote
a paper recently in the British Medical Journal studying the importance of
exposure to takeaway food: the more
outlets, the higher the local bodyweight.
That might sound obvious but lined
up with the fact that flat, spacious countries have more cyclists, a central point
emerges: people are suggestible. They
will do whatever is easiest. So we should
perhaps look at changing the environment rather than just telling people to
change their habits. If I was forced to
choose, diet matters the most, says
Wareham, But so does the environment and the infrastructure.
Somewhere between magic tablets,
genetic studies, sugar taxes, cycle lanes,
turning the central heating down, education and sympathy, ORahilly and
Wareham, and others of their noble
breed will, I hope, help cure us with
kindness and ingenuity. Until then, the
n
fat battle rages on.
@CatherineOstler
THIN AMBITIONS:
A device that is
surgically implanted
in the abdomen to
control hunger is
the next big step in
fighting obesity
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NEW WORLD
NEWSWEEK
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30/01/2015
SMOOTH OPERATOR:
Space rovers such
as ExoMars, right,
which is due to be
launched in 2018, can
suffer mechanical
failures associated
with friction between
parts. It is hoped that
a new magnetic drive
shaft developed by
Spanish scientists,
in which parts do not
come into contact
with one another,
will circumvent this
problem
BY
JAMES BADCOCK
@jpfbadcock
NEWSWEEK
53
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N E W
W O R L D
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IN THE WORKS:
The Magdrive
projects contactless
gear reducer,
which relies on
superconducting
bearings, below,
that allow parts to
interact without
coming into contact
with each other, is
in development
in Madrid
A D V E R T O R I A L
Rhiannon Griffiths
Acupuncturist
21st-century
professionals
UNCONVENTIONAL
MEDICAL PRACTICE
MEDICAL PRACTICE
DOWNTIME
NEWSWEEK
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BY
LEANDA DE LISLE
@LeandadeLisle
G I L ES K EY T E / B B C
NEWSWEEK
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D O W N T I M E
NEWSWEEK
58
him into marrying her an accusation that carried suggestions of witchcraft. He also showed a
growing romantic interest in one of her maidsof-honour, Jane Seymour. It was at this time that
Anne made her fatal enemy: the kings leading
servant, Thomas Cromwell, played in the forthcoming series Wolf Hall by Mark Rylance.
Anne wanted the money raised from the closing of monasteries to go into education; Cromwell intended to pour it into the kings pocket.
He was never the upstanding figure of Hilary
Mantels invention. Only one of the pair would
survive the quarrel and it wasnt Anne.
Cromwell used the snatches of flirtatious con-
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BY
ALEXANDER
NAZARYAN
@alexnazaryan
SHARP SHOOTER:
Chris Kyle, top, a
US navy Seal and
bestselling author of
American Sniper: The
Autobiography of the
Most Lethal Sniper
in American History,
was one of two people
killed on a gun range
in Texas in February
2013. He is portrayed
by Bradley Cooper,
above right, in a new
film, American Sniper,
by Clint Eastwood
NEWSWEEK
hit Fraser with his first shot, nor with his second. But that second shot did strike his horse,
causing the British general to fall. Murphy
fatally wounded Fraser with a third shot, and
he died the next morning.
This scene took place on 7 October 1777, during
the Second Battle of Saratoga, of the Revolutionary War. The fight was won by the Americans
and became a foundation stone in the legend of
Sure Shot Tim, the Pennsylvanian whom Andy
Dougan calls a precursor of the modern sniper
in Through the Crosshairs: A History of Snipers.
Murphy was a man who uses his deadly skill as
a marksman to target opposing commanders and
shatter the morale of the enemy.
The 1st United States Sharpshooters were
formed during the Civil War, by Colonel Hiram
Berdan. We have no drill or picket duty, he
advertised. Our warfare is like the guerrilla
or Indian ... You are privileged to lay upon the
ground while shooting, picking your position. No
commander while firing. By the end of September 1861, he had 1,392 men under his command,
as well as permission to form a second regiment.
The mythic image of the sniper proffered by
Berdan has persisted into the modern age. He is a
soloist, a minimalist, a brooding freelance killer
who lurks in the shadowy edges of the chaotic
fray. During the Vietnam War, where the irregular terrain made traditional warfare obsolete,
snipers were seen as having a tactical advantage
over regular infantry. You dont select the first
gooner that comes into your field of fire, counselled Captain Jim Land, who trained snipers in
Hawaii. I know that as grunts it was easy for
you to feel justified in killing the enemy when he
attacked you he was trying to kill you ... As a
sniper you do not have that luxury. You will be
killing the enemy when he is unaware of your
presence ... You will be, in a sense, committing
murder on him premeditated.
The military historian Adrian Gilbert once
called the sniper the ultimate hunter in a
game where the quarry shoots back, a description that would have surely appealed to Kyle.
The product of north-central Texas, Kyle wrote
that he always loved guns, always loved hunting. He got into fights at school, though he
claims he didnt start most of them. After
high school, he dipped in and out of college,
then worked as a ranch hand. In 1999, he did
what he had long wanted to do and enlisted in
the navy, eventually becoming a member of a
Seal team. He makes no pretences to having
been the best marksman in his class. Yet he was
good enough to become, in time, a sniper.
Jeremy A Mitchell, who served as an army
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D O W N T I M E
sniper in Afghanistans treacherous Kunar province, told me that being a sniper was a coveted
position. But it was also a difficult one, he recalls.
You lay in the same place for days, watching for
enemy movements. Mitchell would go for weeks
without showering or changing his clothes. Out
in the elements the whole time, he recalls. You
just get fatigued.
The genius of the Chris Kyle story is that it
imbued warfare with a kind of glamorous sheen,
turning the privations Mitchell describes into
the stuff of macho American legend. His book is
clearly written for a generation reared on PlayStation, Red Bull and Vin Diesel flicks.
Fuck, I thought to myself, this is great, he
writes in American Sniper. I fucking love this.
Its nerve-wracking and exciting and I fucking
love it. He was good at it, too, with 160 kills
to his name. Yet it is hard to imagine a similar
sentiment from a private who had liberated
Buchenwald, or from a grunt whod spent a
miserable year wading through the bloody rice
paddies of Da Nang.
Brian Van Reet, a veteran who served in Iraq,
has accused Kyle and others of promulgating the
kill memoir genre, in which the horrors of war
are treated with a sunny, uncomplicated, Rumsfeldian braggadocio. Authors like Kyle, he wrote
in The New York Times, [offer] the spectacle of
high body counts and terrorists twitching on
the floor as proof that we are winning. Or if not
that exactly, then proof we have inflicted serious
damage. Van Reet, who is now a writer, has read
American Sniper but had not yet seen the movie.
He told me he thought Kyle was an embellisher and that the movie based on his memoir
is for people who like Toby Keith, the gratingly
patriotic country singer.
There is much to admire about the movie Clint
Eastwood has made. The film version of Chris
Kyle, for starters, is far more likeable than the
one in the book, even if the latter is more faithful to life. We dont watch films for accuracy,
do we? Bradley Cooper, who plays Kyle, could
make just about anyone seem like the kind of guy
youd want for a brother-in-law. He captures the
NEWSWEEK
62
snipers bravado, at once alluring and threatening, but endows the character with depth. Its
almost something like navet, a likeable quality
of aw-shucks-Im-just-a-Texas-boy-doing-myjob. Sienna Miller is also excellent as the devoted
and brassy Taya Kyle, though she is underused.
The battle scenes are poems of dust and blood.
Eastwood has made a great combat movie; a
great war movie, though, would have needed
more of Kyle at home, trying to find a purpose in
the civilian world, struggling with alcohol, feeling holy matrimony slip from his grasp.
While on leave, he startles at the sound of
a lawnmower. In that moment, Cooper capably broadcasts the inward anguish of his character, the bad juju he brought back; Eastwood
could have done more with that blip of pain.
And with Routh, too, whom we only see in the
final sequence of the film. Kyles death is treated
almost like an afterthought, though the credit
sequence, which shows actual footage from his
funeral procession through Texas, is so moving
because it is so real.
Perhaps what makes some uncomfortable
about Kyle is that he reminds us of who fights our
wars. You live in a dreamworld, Kyle once told
an interviewer. We may do so, too, for about two
hours, while stuffing our faces with popcorn and
soda. Then we can go back to our lives without
ever having to think about Moqtada al-Sadr.
Its not even on the news, Kyle complains to
Taya during a spell back home. No one cares.
This must have been a dismaying thought for
someone who felt the cosmic import of what he
was doing. Even those soldiers who didnt share
Kyles religious vision for the conflict felt keenly
the apathy back home. There was no attempt by
the government to call for some national sacrifice, Van Reet told me. Besides asking people
to go out and shop more, there was no effort.
Invariably, both the right and left will use
American Sniper, though the movie is far less susceptible to political manipulations than the book
on which it is based. But when has that stopped
anyone? Already, a writer for the Guardian has
written a piece labelling Kyle a hate-filled
killer, while a critic for the right-leaning New
York Post praised the navy Seals depicted therein
as a class of men in whom is contained a distilled essence of the American spirit.
Some will surely go see the movie because they
are fans of Chris Kyle and what he represents
the cowboy machismo of the Texas plains. And
others will avoid it for much the same reason. But
both blind devotion and wholesale rejection miss
the point. The wars are yours, whether you love
n
them or not.
30/01/2015
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ABIGAIL JONES
HBO
A SHOT IN
THE DARK: In
a documentary
film directed by
Alfred Hitchcock,
top, and now
restored by HBO,
cameramen, above,
arrive at German
concentration
camps in 1945
to document the
horrors within
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