OPA548

OPA

548

OPA

548

O PA

548

SBOS070B OCTOBER 1997 OCTOBER 2003

High-Voltage, High-Current
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
FEATURES

DESCRIPTION

WIDE SUPPLY RANGE

Single Supply: +8V to +60V
Dual Supply: 4V to 30V
HIGH OUTPUT CURRENT:
3A Continuous
5A Peak
WIDE OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING
FULLY PROTECTED:
Thermal Shutdown
Adjustable Current Limit
OUTPUT DISABLE CONTROL
THERMAL SHUTDOWN INDICATOR
HIGH SLEW RATE: 10V/s
LOW QUIESCENT CURRENT
PACKAGES:
7-Lead TO-220, Zip and Straight Leads
7-Lead DDPAK Surface-Mount

The OPA548 is a low-cost, high-voltage/high-current operational amplifier ideal for driving a wide variety of loads. A
laser-trimmed monolithic integrated circuit provides excellent
low-level signal accuracy and high output voltage and current.
The OPA548 operates from either single or dual supplies for
design flexibility. In single-supply operation, the input common-mode range extends below ground.
The OPA548 is internally protected against over-temperature
conditions and current overloads. In addition, the OPA548
was designed to provide an accurate, user-selected current
limit. Unlike other designs which use a power resistor in
series with the output current path, the OPA548 senses the
load indirectly. This allows the current limit to be adjusted
from 0A to 5A with a resistor/potentiometer or controlled
digitally with a voltage-out or current-out DAC.
The Enable/Status (E/S) pin provides two functions. An input
on the pin not only disables the output stage to effectively
disconnect the load, but also reduces the quiescent current
to conserve power. The E/S pin output can be monitored to
determine if the OPA548 is in thermal shutdown.

APPLICATIONS

VALVE, ACTUATOR DRIVERS

SYNCHRO, SERVO DRIVERS
POWER SUPPLIES
TEST EQUIPMENT
TRANSDUCER EXCITATION
AUDIO AMPLIFIERS

The OPA548 is available in an industry-standard

7-lead staggered and straight lead TO-220 package, and a
7-lead DDPAK surface-mount plastic power package. The
copper tab allows easy mounting to a heat sink or circuit
board for excellent thermal performance. It is specified for
operation over the extended industrial temperature range,
40C to +85C. A SPICE macromodel is available for
design analysis.

V+

VIN

OPA548

VO
ILIM

+
VIN

RCL (1/4W Resistor)

RCL sets the current limit
value from 0 to 5A.

E/S
V

Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of
Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.
Copyright 1997-2003, Texas Instruments Incorporated

PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date.

Products conform to specifications per the terms of Texas Instruments
standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include
testing of all parameters.

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ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS(1)

ELECTROSTATIC
DISCHARGE SENSITIVITY

Output Current ................................................................. See SOA Curve

Supply Voltage, V+ to V ................................................................... 60V
Input Voltage .................................................. (V) 0.5V to (V+) + 0.5V
Input Shutdown Voltage ........................................................................ V+
Operating Temperature .................................................. 40C to +125C
Storage Temperature ..................................................... 55C to +125C
Junction Temperature ...................................................................... 150C
Lead Temperature (soldering 10s)(2) .............................................. 300C

This integrated circuit can be damaged by ESD. Texas Instruments recommends that all integrated circuits be handled with
appropriate precautions. Failure to observe proper handling
and installation procedures can cause damage.

NOTES: (1) Stresses above these ratings may cause permanent damage.
(2) Vapor-phase or IR reflow techniques are recommended for soldering the
OPA547F surface-mount package. Wave soldering is not recommended due to
excessive thermal shock and shadowing of nearby devices.

ESD damage can range from subtle performance degradation

to complete device failure. Precision integrated circuits may be
more susceptible to damage because very small parametric
changes could cause the device not to meet its published
specifications.

PACKAGE/ORDERING INFORMATION
For the most current package and ordering information, see the Package Ordering Addendum at the end of this data sheet.

PIN CONFIGURATIONS
Top Front View

7-Lead
Stagger-Formed
TO-220 (T)

7-Lead
Straight-Formed
TO-220 (T-1)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

7-Lead
DDPAK (FA)
Surface-Mount

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

VIN+ ILIM V+ E/S

VIN V VO
VIN+ ILIM V+ E/S
VIN V VO

VIN+ ILIM V+ E/S

VIN V VO
NOTE: Tabs are electrically connected to the V supply.

OPA548
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SBOS070B

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
At TCASE = +25C, VS = 30V and E/S pin open, unless otherwise noted.
OPA548T, F
PARAMETER
OFFSET VOLTAGE
Input Offset Voltage
vs Temperature
vs Power Supply
INPUT BIAS CURRENT(1)
Input Bias Current(2)
vs Temperature
Input Offset Current

CONDITION

MIN

TYP

MAX

UNITS

VCM = 0, IO = 0
TA = 40C to +85C
VS = 4V to 30V

2
30
30

10

mV
V/C
V/V

VCM = 0V
TA = 40C to +85C
VCM = 0V

100
0.5
5

500

NOISE
Input Voltage Noise Density, f = 1kHz
Current Noise Density, f = 1kHz
INPUT VOLTAGE RANGE
Common-Mode Voltage Range: Positive
Negative
Common-Mode Rejection

Linear Operation
Linear Operation
VCM = (V) 0.1V to (V+) 3V

(V+) 3
(V) 0.1
80

INPUT IMPEDANCE
Differential
Common-Mode
OPEN-LOOP GAIN
Open-Loop Voltage Gain
FREQUENCY RESPONSE
Gain-Bandwidth Product
Slew Rate
Full-Power Bandwidth
Settling Time: 0.1%
Total Harmonic Distortion + Noise, f = 1kHz
OUTPUT
Voltage Output, Positive
Negative
Positive
Negative
Maximum Continuous Current Output: dc
ac
Leakage Current, Output Disabled, dc
Output Current Limit
Current Limit Range
Current Limit Equation
Current Limit Tolerance(1)

VO = 25V, RL = 1k
VO = 25V, RL = 8

90

RL = 8
G = 1, 50Vp-p, RL = 8
G = 10, 50V Step
RL = 8, G = +3, Power = 10W
IO = 3A
IO = 3A
IO = 0.6A
IO = 0.6A

(V+) 4.1
(V) + 3.7
(V+) 2.4
(V) + 1.3
3
3

POWER SUPPLY
Specified Voltage
Operating Voltage Range
Quiescent Current
Quiescent Current, Shutdown Mode
TEMPERATURE RANGE
Specified Range
Operating Range
Storage Range
Thermal Resistance, JC
7-Lead DDPAK, 7-Lead TO-220
7-Lead DDPAK, 7-Lead TO-220
Thermal Resistance, JA
7-Lead DDPAK, 7-Lead TO-220

50

nA
nA/C
nA

90
200

nV/Hz
fA/Hz

(V+) 2.3
(V) 0.2
95

V
V
dB

107 || 6
109 || 4

|| pF
|| pF

98
90

dB
dB

1
10
See Typical Characteristics
15
0.02(3)

MHz
V/s
kHz
s
%

(V+) 3.7
(V) + 3.3
(V+) 2.1
(V) + 1.0

V
V
V
V
A
Arms

See Typical Characteristics

0 to 5
ILIM = (15000)(4.75)/(13750 + RCL)
100
250

RCL = 14.8k (ILIM = 2.5A),

RL = 8

A
A
mA

See Typical Characteristics(4)

Capacitive Load Drive

OUTPUT ENABLE /STATUS (E/S) PIN
Shutdown Input Mode
VE/S HIGH (output enabled)
VE/S LOW (output disabled)
IE/S HIGH (output enabled)
IE/S LOW (output disabled)
Output Disable Time
Output Enable Time
Thermal Shutdown Status Output
Normal Operation
Thermally Shutdown
Junction Temperature, Shutdown
Reset from Shutdown

100

E/S Pin Open or Forced High

E/S Pin Forced Low
E/S Pin High
E/S Pin Low

(V) + 2.4

Sourcing 20A
Sinking 5A, TJ > 160C

(V) + 2.4

(V) + 0.8
65
70
1
3

4
ILIM Connected to V, IO = 0
ILIM Connected to V, IO = 0

(V) + 3.5
(V) + 0.35
+160
+140
30
17
6

40
40
55

(V) + 0.8

V
V
A
A
s
s
V
V
C
C

30
20

V
V
mA
mA

+85
+125
+125

C
C
C

f > 50Hz
dc

2
2.5

C/W
C/W

No Heat Sink

65

C/W

NOTES: (1) High-speed test at TJ = +25C. (2) Positive conventional current flows into the input terminals. (3) See Total Harmonic Distortion+Noise vs Frequency in
the Typical Characteristics section for additional power levels. (4) See Small-Signal Overshoot vs Load Capacitance in the Typical Characteristics section.

OPA548
SBOS070B

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TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
At TCASE = +25C, VS = 30V and E/S pin open, unless otherwise noted.

OPEN-LOOP GAIN AND PHASE

vs FREQUENCY
100
RL = 8

60

45

RL = 8
No
Load

90

20

135

180

Input Bias Current (nA)

40

140

Phase ()

80

Gain (dB)

INPUT BIAS CURRENT vs TEMPERATURE

160

No Load

100

10

100

1k

10k

100k

1M

VS = 30V

80
60
40
75

20
1

VS = 5V

120

10M

50

25

CURRENT LIMIT vs TEMPERATURE

RCL = 14.7k

2
RCL = 57.6k

RCL = 57.6k

0
50

25

25

50

75

100

125

10

15

20

200

Quiescent Current (mA)

150

100

50

VS = 5V

14
12
10

VS = 30V

8
IQ Shutdown

VS = 5V

4
10

10

30

VS = 30V

IQ

16

20

25

QUIESCENT CURRENT vs TEMPERATURE

18
Input Bias Current (nA)

20

Supply Voltage (V)

INPUT BIAS CURRENT

vs COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE

20

75

30

50

25

25

50

75

100

125

Temperature (C)

Common-Mode Voltage (V)

125

Temperature (C)

0
30

100

RCL = 14.7k

0
75

75

RCL = 4.02k

4
Current Limit (A)

Current Limit (A)

50

CURRENT LIMIT vs SUPPLY VOLTAGE

+ILIM
ILIM

RCL = 4.02k

25

Temperature (C)

Frequency (Hz)

OPA548
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SBOS070B

TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Cont.)

At TCASE = +25C, VS = 30V and E/S pin open, unless otherwise noted.

POWER-SUPPLY REJECTION
vs FREQUENCY

COMMON-MODE REJECTION vs FREQUENCY

100

Power Supply Rejection (dB)

80

60

40

20

80

60
PSRR
40

20

0
10

100

1k

10k

100k

10

1M

1k

10k

100k

1M

Frequency (Hz)

VOLTAGE NOISE DENSITY vs FREQUENCY

OPEN-LOOP GAIN, COMMON-MODE REJECTION,

AND POWER-SUPPLY REJECTION vs TEMPERATURE
100

110
AOL

400

95
AOL, PSRR (dB)

Voltage Noise (nV/Hz)

100

Frequency (Hz)

500

300

200

105

90

100
PSRR

85

95

100

CMRR
80
75

0
1

10

100

1k

10k

100k

1M

50

25

25

50

75

100

Frequency (Hz)

Temperature (C)

GAIN-BANDWIDTH PRODUCT AND

SLEW RATE vs TEMPERATURE

TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION+NOISE

vs FREQUENCY

1.25

13

G = +3
RL = 8

GBW

20W

12

0.75

11
SR+

0.5

10

0.25

10W
0.1

THD+N (%)

90
125

Slew Rate (V/s)

Gain-Bandwidth Product (MHz)

+PSRR

CMRR (dB)

Common-Mode Rejection (dB)

100

0.1W

1W

0.01

9
SR

0
75

50

25

25

50

75

100

8
125

0.001
20

Temperature (C)

1k

10k

20k

Frequency (Hz)

OPA548
SBOS070B

100

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TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Cont.)

At TCASE = +25C, VS = 30V and E/S pin open, unless otherwise noted.

OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING vs TEMPERATURE

5

VSUPPLY VOUT (V)

VSUPPLY VOUT (V)

OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING vs OUTPUT CURRENT

5

(V+) VO
3
(V) VO

IO = +3A
IO = 3A

IO = +0.6A

1
IO = 0.6A

0
0

75

25

25

OUTPUT LEAKAGE CURRENT

vs APPLIED OUTPUT VOLTAGE

125

15
10

RCL =
Leakage Current (mA)

20

RL = 8
5
RCL = 0
0

5
Output Disabled
VE/S < (V) + 0.8V

0
1k

10k

100k

10
40

1M

30

20

10

10

20

Frequency (Hz)

Output Voltage (V)

OFFSET VOLTAGE
PRODUCTION DISTRIBUTION

OFFSET VOLTAGE DRIFT

PRODUCTION DISTRIBUTION

20

14

Typical distribution
of packaged units.

16
14
12
10
8
6
4

30

40

Typical production
distribution of
packaged units.

12
Percent of Amplifiers (%)

Percent of Amplifiers (%)

100

10
Maximum Output
Voltage Without
Slew Rate Induced
Distortion

10
8
6
4
2

2
0

0
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Offset Voltage (mV)

75

MAXIMUM OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING

vs FREQUENCY

25

18

50

Temperature (C)

30

Output Voltage (Vp)

50

Output Current (A)

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130

Offset Voltage Drift (V/C)

OPA548
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SBOS070B

TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Cont.)

At TCASE = +25C, VS = 30V and E/S pin open, unless otherwise noted.

LARGE-SIGNAL STEP RESPONSE

G = 3, CL = 1000pF, RL = 8

SMALL-SIGNAL OVERSHOOT
vs LOAD CAPACITANCE

50

G = +1
30

10V/div

Overshoot (%)

40

20
G = 1
10

0
0

2k

4k

6k

8k

10k

12k

14k

16k

18k

20k

5s/div

Load Capacitance (pF)

SMALL-SIGNAL STEP RESPONSE

G = 3, CL = 1000pF

50mV/div

100mV/div

SMALL-SIGNAL STEP RESPONSE

G = 1, CL = 1000pF

2s/div

2s/div

OPA548
SBOS070B

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APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
Figure 1 shows the OPA548 connected as a basic noninverting
amplifier. The OPA548 can be used in virtually any op amp
configuration.
Power-supply terminals should be bypassed with low series
impedance capacitors. The technique shown in Figure 7,
using a ceramic and tantalum type in parallel is recommended. In addition, we recommend a 0.01F capacitor
between V+ and V as close to the OPA548 as possible.
Power-supply wiring should have low series impedance.
V+
10F
+

G = 1+

0.1F(2)
R1

R2
R1

VIN

OPA548

3
1

ILIM(1)

(15000)(4.75) 13750

(1)

ILIM

The low-level control signal (0A to 330A) also allows the

current limit to be digitally controlled.
See Figure 3 for a simplified schematic of the internal
circuitry used to set the current limit. Leaving the ILIM pin
open programs the output current to zero, while connecting
ILIM directly to V programs the maximum output current limit,
typically 5A.

Stress on the output transistors is determined both by the

output current and by the output voltage across the conducting output transistor, VS VO. The power dissipated by the
output transistor is equal to the product of the output current
and the voltage across the conducting transistor, VS VO.
The Safe Operating Area (SOA curve, Figure 2) shows the
permissible range of voltage and current.

E/S
7

R CL =

SAFE OPERATING AREA

R2
5

With the OPA548, the simplest method for adjusting the

current limit uses a resistor or potentiometer connected
between the ILIM pin and V according to the Equation 1:

VO
ZL

0.1F(2)
0.01F(2)
10F
+

SAFE OPERATING AREA

10
Current-Limited

Output Current (A)

NOTES: (1) ILIM connected to V gives the maximum

current limit, 5A (peak). (2) Connect capacitors directly to
package power-supply pins.

FIGURE 1. Basic Circuit Connections.

POWER SUPPLIES
The OPA548 operates from single (+8V to +60V) or dual
(4V to 30V) supplies with excellent performance. Most
behavior remains unchanged throughout the full operating
voltage range. Parameters which vary significantly with operating voltage are shown in the typical characteristic curves.
Some applications do not require equal positive and negative
output voltage swing. Power-supply voltages do not need to
be equal. The OPA548 can operate with as little as 8V
between the supplies and with up to 60V between the
supplies. For example, the positive supply could be set to
55V with the negative supply at 5V, or vice-versa.

ADJUSTABLE CURRENT LIMIT

The OPA548 features an accurate, user-selected current
limit. Current limit is set from 0A to 5A by controlling the input
to the ILIM pin. Unlike other designs which use a power
resistor in series with the output current path, the OPA548
senses the load indirectly. This allows the current limit to be
set with a 0A to 330A control signal. In contrast, other
designs require a limiting resistor to handle the full output
current (5A in this case).

TC = 25C
=5
PD
0W
=2
6W

PD

Output current can

be limited to less
than 3Asee text.

PD

=1
0W

TC = 85C
Pulse Operation Only
T = 125C
(Limit rms current to 3A) C

0.1
1

10

20

50

100

VS VO (V)

FIGURE 2. Safe Operating Area.

The safe output current decreases as VS VO increases.
Output short-circuits are a very demanding case for SOA. A
short-circuit to ground forces the full power-supply voltage
(V+ or V) across the conducting transistor. Increasing the
case temperature reduces the safe output current that can be
tolerated without activating the thermal shutdown circuit of
the OPA548. For further insight on SOA, consult Application
Bulletin SBOA022.

AMPLIFIER MOUNTING
Figure 4 provides recommended solder footprints for both the
TO-220 and DDPAK power packages. The tab of both packages is electrically connected to the negative supply, V. It may
be desirable to isolate the tab of the TO-220 package from its

OPA548
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SBOS070B

RESISTOR METHOD

DAC METHOD (Current or Voltage)

Max IO = ILIM
ILIM =
13750

4.75V

(4.75) (15000)

Max IO = ILIM

13750 + RCL

ILIM =15000 ISET

3
RCL

D/A

0.01F
(optional, for noisy
environments)

V
RCL =

15000 (4.75V)
ILIM

13750

4.75V
ISET

ISET = ILIM /15000

13750

VSET = (V) + 4.75V (13750) (ILIM)/15000

OPA547 CURRENT LIMIT: 0 to 5A
DESIRED
CURRENT LIMIT

RESISTOR(1)
(RCL)

CURRENT
(ISET)

VOLTAGE
(VSET)

0A
1A
2.5A
3A
4A
5A

ILIM Open
57.6k
14.7k
10k
4.02k
ILIM Connected to V

0A
67A
167A
200A
267A
333A

(V) + 4.75V
(V) + 3.8V
(V) + 2.5V
(V) + 2V
(V) + 1.1V
(V)

NOTE: (1) Resistors are nearest standard 1% values.

FIGURE 3. Adjustable Current Limit.

DDPAK-7(1)
(Package Designator KTW)

TO220-7
(Package Designator KVT)

0.45
0.04

0.2

0.05

0.085

0.15

0.335

0.51

0.05

0.035

0.105
Mean dimensions in inches. Refer to end of data sheet
or www.ti.com for tolerances and detailed package
drawings.

NOTE: (1) For improved thermal performance increase footprint area.

See Figure 6, Thermal Resistance vs Circuit Board Copper Area.

FIGURE 4. TO-220 and DDPAK Solder Footprints.

mounting surface with a mica (or other film) insulator (see
Figure 5). For lowest overall thermal resistance it is best to
isolate the entire heat sink/OPA548 structure from the mounting surface rather than to use an insulator between the
semiconductor and heat sink.
For best thermal performance, the tab of the DDPAK surface-mount version should be soldered directly to a circuit
board copper area. Increasing the copper area improves

heat dissipation. See Figure 6 for typical thermal resistance

from junction-to-ambient as a function of the copper area.

POWER DISSIPATION
Power dissipation depends on power supply, signal, and load
conditions. For dc signals, power dissipation is equal to
the product of output current times the voltage across the

OPA548
SBOS070B

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THERMAL RESISTANCE
vs ALUMINUM PLATE AREA
Aluminum Plate Area

Thermal Resistance JA (C/W)

18
Vertically Mounted
in Free Air

Flat, Rectangular
Aluminum Plate

16

14
0.030in Al
12
0.050in Al
10
Aluminum
Plate Thickness

0.062in Al

8
0

Optional mica or film insulator

for electrical isolation. Adds
OPA548
approximately 1C/W.
TO220 Package

Aluminum Plate Area (inches2)

FIGURE 5. TO-220 Thermal Resistance vs Aluminum Plate Area.

THERMAL RESISTANCE vs
CIRCUIT BOARD COPPER AREA

Thermal Resistance, JA (C/W)

50
Circuit Board Copper Area

OPA548F
Surface Mount Package
1oz copper

40

30

20

10

0
0

OPA548
Surface-Mount Package

Copper Area (inches2)

FIGURE 6. DDPAK Thermal Resistance vs Circuit Board Copper Area.

conducting output transistor. Power dissipation can be minimized by using the lowest possible power-supply voltage
necessary to assure the required output voltage swing.
For resistive loads, the maximum power dissipation occurs at
a dc output voltage of one-half the power-supply voltage.
Dissipation with ac signals is lower. Application Bulletin
SBOA022 explains how to calculate or measure power
dissipation with unusual signals and loads.

THERMAL PROTECTION
Power dissipated in the OPA548 will cause the junction
temperature to rise. The OPA548 has thermal shutdown
circuitry that protects the amplifier from damage. The thermal
protection circuitry disables the output when the junction
temperature reaches approximately 160C, allowing the device to cool. When the junction temperature cools to approximately 140C, the output circuitry is again enabled. Depending on load and signal conditions, the thermal protection

10

circuit may cycle on and off. This limits the dissipation of the
amplifier but may have an undesirable effect on the load.
Any tendency to activate the thermal protection circuit indicates excessive power dissipation or an inadequate heat
sink. For reliable operation, junction temperature should be
limited to 125C, maximum. To estimate the margin of safety
in a complete design (including heat sink) increase the
ambient temperature until the thermal protection is triggered.
Use worst-case load and signal conditions. For good reliability, thermal protection should trigger more than 35C above
the maximum expected ambient condition of your application. This produces a junction temperature of 125C at the
maximum expected ambient condition.
The internal protection circuitry of the OPA548 was designed
to protect against overload conditions. It was not intended to
replace proper heat sinking. Continuously running the OPA548
into thermal shutdown will degrade reliability.

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SBOS070B

HEAT SINKING

Combining equations (1) and (2) gives:

Most applications require a heat sink to assure that the

maximum operating junction temperature (125C) is not
exceeded. In addition, the junction temperature should be
kept as low as possible for increased reliability. Junction
temperature can be determined according to the equation:
TJ = TA + PDJA

(1)

where, JA = JC + CH + HA

(2)

TJ = Junction Temperature (C)

TA = Ambient Temperature (C)
PD = Power Dissipated (W)
JC = Junction-to-Case Thermal Resistance (C/W)
CH = Case-to-Heat Sink Thermal Resistance (C/W)
HA = Heat Sink-to-Ambient Thermal Resistance (C/W)
JA = Junction-to-Air Thermal Resistance (C/W)
Figure 7 shows maximum power dissipation versus ambient
temperature with and without the use of a heat sink. Using a
heat sink significantly increases the maximum power dissipation at a given ambient temperature as shown.
The difficulty in selecting the heat sink required lies in
determining the power dissipated by the OPA548. For dc
output into a purely resistive load, power dissipation is simply
the load current times the voltage developed across the
conducting output transistor, PD = IL(VSVO). Other loads are
not as simple. Consult Application Bulletin SBOA022 for
further insight on calculating power dissipation. Once power
dissipation for an application is known, the proper heat sink
can be selected.

Power Dissipation (Watts)

TO220 with Thermalloy

6030B Heat Sink
JA = 16.7C/W

PD = (TJ (max) TA) / JA

TJ (max) = 150C

2
DDPAK or TO-220
JA = 65C/W (no heat sink)

0
0

25

50

HA =

TJ TA
( JC + CH )
PD

HA =

125C 40C
(2.5C / W + 1C / W ) = 13.5C / W
5W

To maintain junction temperature below 125C, the heat sink

selected must have a HA less than 14C/W. In other words,
the heat sink temperature rise above ambient must be less
than 67.5C (13.5C/W 5W). For example, at 5W Thermalloy
model number 6030B has a heat sink temperature rise of
66C above ambient (HA = 66C/5W = 13.2C/W), which is
below the 67.5C required in this example. Figure 7 shows
power dissipation versus ambient temperature for a TO-220
package with a 6030B heat sink.
Another variable to consider is natural convection versus
forced convection air flow. Forced-air cooling by a small fan
can lower CA (CH + HA) dramatically. Heat sink manufactures provide thermal data for both of these cases. For
additional information on determining heat sink requirements,
consult Application Bulletin SBOA021.

The Enable/Status pin provides two functions: forcing this pin

LOW disables the output stage, or E/S can be monitored to
determine if the OPA548 is in thermal shutdown. One or both
of these functions can be utilized on the same device using
single or dual supplies. For normal operation (output enabled), the E/S pin can be left open or pulled HIGH (at least
2.4V above the negative rail). A small value capacitor connected between the E/S pin and V may be required for noisy
applications.

DDPAK
JA = 26C/W
(3 in2 one oz
copper mounting pad)

TJ, TA, and PD are given. JC is provided in the specification

table, 2.5C/W (dc). CH can be obtained from the heat sink
manufacturer. Its value depends on heat sink size, area, and
material used. Semiconductor package type, mounting screw
torque, insulating material used (if any), and thermal
joint compound used (if any) also affect CH. A typical CH for
a TO-220 mounted package is 1C/W. Now we can solve for
HA:

ENABLE/STATUS (E/S) PIN

With infinite heat sink

( JA = 2.5C/W),
max PD = 50W at TA = 25C.

(3)

As mentioned earlier, once a heat sink has been selected,

the complete design should be tested under worst-case load
and signal conditions to ensure proper thermal protection.

MAXIMUM POWER DISSIPATION

vs AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
10

TJ = TA + PD(JC + CH + HA)

75

100

125

Ambient Temperature (C)

Output Disable
FIGURE 7. Maximum Power Dissipation vs Ambient
Temperature.

Heat Sink Selection Example

A TO-220 package is dissipating 5W. The maximum expected ambient temperature is 40C. Find the proper heat
sink to keep the junction temperature below 125C (150C
minus 25C safety margin).

A unique feature of the OPA548 is its output disable capability. This function not only conserves power during idle periods (quiescent current drops to approximately 6mA), but also
allows multiplexing in low frequency (f < 20kHz), multichannel applications. Signals greater than 20kHz may cause
leakage current to increase in devices that are shutdown.
Figure 18 shows the two OPA548s in a switched amplifier
configuration. The on/off state of the two amplifiers is controlled by the voltage on the E/S pin.

OPA548
SBOS070B

www.ti.com

11

To disable the output, the E/S pin is pulled LOW, no greater

than 0.8V above the negative rail. Typically the output is
shutdown in 1s. Figure 8 provides an example of how to
implement this function using a single supply. Figure 9 gives
a circuit for dual-supply applications. To return the output to an
enabled state, the E/S pin should be disconnected (open) or
pulled to at least (V) + 2.4V. It should be noted that pulling the
E/S pin HIGH (output enabled) does not disable internal
thermal shutdown.

V+

5V

OPA548

2.49k
E/S
TTL

Zetex
ZVN3310

OR

HCT

V+

FIGURE 10. Thermal Shutdown Status with a Single Supply.

OPA548
E/S
5V

V+

V
CMOS or TTL

1k
OPA548

FIGURE 8. Output Disable with a Single Supply.

2N3906

E/S

22k
470

Zetex
ZVN3310

V+
V

5V

FIGURE 11. Thermal Shutdown Status with Dual Supplies.

OPA548
E/S
1

(1)

Output Disable and Thermal Shutdown Status

As mentioned earlier, the OPA548s output can be disabled

and the disable status can be monitored simultaneously.
Figures 12 and 13 provide examples interfacing to the E/S
pin while using a single supply and dual supplies, respectively.

HCT or TTL In

4N38
V

Optocoupler

OUTPUT STAGE COMPENSATION

NOTE: (1) Optionalmay be required to limit leakage

current of optocoupler at high temperatures.

FIGURE 9. Output Disable with Dual Supplies.

Thermal Shutdown Status

Internal thermal shutdown circuitry shuts down the output when
the die temperature reaches approximately 160C, resetting
when the die has cooled to 140C. The E/S pin can be
monitored to determine if shutdown has occurred. During
normal operation the voltage on the E/S pin is typically 3.5V
above the negative rail. Once shutdown has occurred, this
voltage drops to approximately 350mV above the negative rail.
Figure 10 gives an example of monitoring shutdown in a
single-supply application. Figure 11 provides a circuit for dual
supplies. External logic circuitry or an LED could be used to
indicate if the output has been thermally shutdown, see
Figure 16.

12

The complex load impedances common in power op amp

applications can cause output stage instability. For normal
operation output compensation circuitry is typically not required. However, if the OPA548 is intended to be driven into
current limit, an R/C network may be required. See Figure 14
for an output series R/C compensation (snubber) network
which generally provides excellent stability.
A snubber circuit may also enhance stability when driving
large capacitive loads (> 1000pF) or inductive loads (motors,
loads separated from the amplifier by long cables). Typically
3 to 10 in series with 0.01F to 0.1F is adequate. Some
variations in circuit value may be required with certain loads.

OUTPUT PROTECTION
Reactive and EMF-generating loads can return load current to the amplifier, causing the output voltage to exceed
the power-supply voltage. This damaging condition can be

OPA548
www.ti.com

SBOS070B

V+

V+
R1
5k

R2
20k

R2
= 4
R1

G=

VIN

OPA548

D1

E/S
OPA548

V
Open Drain
(Output Disable)

10
(Carbon) Motor

D2

HCT
(Thermal Status
Shutdown)

0.01F
V
D1, D2 : Motorola MUR410.

FIGURE 12. Output Disable and Thermal Shutdown Status

with a Single Supply.

FIGURE 14. Motor Drive Circuit.

V+

5V

5V

OPA548
E/S
5

7.5k
1W

1
6

(1)

Zetex
ZVN3310

TTL Out

4
4N38
Optocoupler

HCT or TTL In

4
4N38
Optocoupler

NOTE: (1) Optionalmay be required to limit leakage

current of optocoupler at high temperatures.

FIGURE 13. Output Disable and Thermal Shutdown Status with Dual Supplies.
avoided with clamp diodes from the output terminal to the
power supplies, as shown in Figure 14. Schottky rectifier
diodes with a 5A or greater continuous rating are recommended.

used as a voltage reference, thus eliminating the need for an

external reference. The feedback resistors are selected to
gain VCL to the desired output voltage level.

PROGRAMMABLE POWER SUPPLY

VOLTAGE SOURCE APPLICATION
Figure 15 illustrates how to use the OPA548 to provide an
accurate voltage source with only three external resistors.
First, the current limit resistor, RCL, is chosen according to
the desired output current. The resulting voltage at the ILIM
pin is constant and stable over temperature. This voltage,
VCL, is connected to the noninverting input of the op amp and

A programmable source/sink power supply can easily be

built using the OPA548. Both the output voltage and output
current are user-controlled. See Figure 16 for a circuit using
potentiometers to adjust the output voltage and current while
Figure 17 uses DACs. An LED tied to the E/S pin through a
logic gate indicates if the OPA548 is in thermal shutdown.

OPA548
SBOS070B

www.ti.com

13

R1

R2

V+

VO = VCL (1 + R2/R1)

4.75V
13750

IO =

VCL

15000 (4.75V)
13750 + RCL

ILIM

For Example:

RCL

0.01F
(Optional, for noisy
environments)

If ILIM = 3A, RCL = 10k

VCL =

10k 4.75V

= 2V

(10k + 13750)

Desired VO = 20V, G =

20
2

Uses voltage developed at ILIM pin

as a moderately accurate reference
voltage.

= 10

R1 = 1k and R2 = 9k

FIGURE 15. Voltage Source.

1k

9k
G=1+
+5V

9k
= 10
1k

+30V
10.5k

V+
6

Output
Adjust

10k

0.12V to 2.5V

VO = 1.2V to 25V(1)
IO = 0 to 5A

OPA548

4
3

7 E/S

74HCT04

ILIM

R 250

499
V
+5V

0V to 4.75V

Thermal
Shutdown Status

(LED)

1k
Current
Limit
Adjust

20k

0.01F(2)

NOTES: (1) For VO 0V, V 1V.

(2) Optional: Improves noise
immunity.

FIGURE 16. Resistor-Controlled Programmable Power Supply.

14

OPA548
www.ti.com

SBOS070B

1k

9k

5V
OUTPUT ADJUST

VREF

+30V

G = 10

+5V
VREF A
+5V

RFB A

1/2
OPA2336

IOUT A

1/2 DAC7800/1/2(3)

VO = 0.8 to 25V(1)

OPA548

10pF

74HCT04
E/S

DAC A
AGND A

ILIM

IO = 0 to 5A
R 250

V
Thermal
Shutdown Status

(LED)

VREF B
RFB B
10pF
1/2
OPA2336

IOUT B

1/2 DAC7800/1/2(3)
DAC B

0.01F(2)
DGND

AGND B

CURRENT LIMIT ADJUST

NOTES: (1) For VO 0V, V 1V. (2) Optional, improves noise immunity. (3) Chose DAC780X based on
digital interface: DAC780012-bit interface, DAC78018-bit interface + 4 bits, DAC7802serial
interface.

FIGURE 17. Digitally-Controlled Programmable Power Supply.

R1

R2

VIN1

OPA548
ILIM
AMP1
E/S

RCL2

RCL1

R3
VE/S

R4

Close for high current

(Could be open drain
output of a logic gate).

VO

VIN2

AMP2
E/S

FIGURE 19. Multiple Current Limit Values.

VE/S > (V) +2.4V: Amp 1 is on, Amp 2 if off

VO = VIN1

OPA548

R2

( )
R1

ILIM

VE/S < (V) +2.4V: Amp 2 is on, Amp 1 if off

VO = VIN2

R4

( )

VO
As VO increases,
ILIM decreases.

RCL

R3

FIGURE 18. Switched Amplifier.

FIGURE 20. Single Quadrant V I Limiting.

OPA548
SBOS070B

www.ti.com

15

R2
4k

R1
1k

V+
0.25
800

G= 1 +

4k
1k

= 5(1)

OPA548
ILIM
V
VO
IO = 10A (peak)(2)

VIN

V+

800

0.25
OPA548
ILIM
V
R3
1k

R4
4k

NOTES: (1) Works well for G < 10. Input offset causes output current to flow between amplifiers
with G > 10. Gains (resistor ratios) of the two amplifiers should be carefully matched to ensure
equal current sharing. (2) As configured (ILIM connected to V) output current limit is set to 10A
(peak). Each amplifier is limited to 5A (peak). Other current limit values may be obtained, see
Figure 3, Adjustable Current Limit.

FIGURE 21. Parallel Output for Increased Output Current.

16

OPA548
www.ti.com

SBOS070B

PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM

www.ti.com

11-Apr-2013

PACKAGING INFORMATION
Orderable Device

Status
(1)

Package Type Package Pins Package

Drawing
Qty

OPA548F

OBSOLETE

DDPAK/
TO-263

KTW

OPA548F/500

ACTIVE

DDPAK/
TO-263

KTW

OPA548F/500G3

ACTIVE

DDPAK/
TO-263

KTW

OPA548FKTWT

ACTIVE

DDPAK/
TO-263

OPA548FKTWTG3

ACTIVE

OPA548T

Eco Plan

Lead/Ball Finish

(2)

MSL Peak Temp

Op Temp (C)

Top-Side Markings

(3)

(4)

TBD

Call TI

Call TI

500

Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br)

CU SN

Level-2-260C-1 YEAR

-40 to 85

OPA548F

500

Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br)

CU SN

Level-2-260C-1 YEAR

-40 to 85

OPA548F

KTW

50

Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br)

CU SN

Level-2-260C-1 YEAR

-40 to 85

OPA548F

DDPAK/
TO-263

KTW

50

Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br)

CU SN

Level-2-260C-1 YEAR

-40 to 85

OPA548F

ACTIVE

TO-220

KVT

50

Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br)

CU SN

N / A for Pkg Type

-40 to 85

OPA548T

OPA548T-1

ACTIVE

TO-220

KC

50

Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br)

CU SN

N / A for Pkg Type

-40 to 85

OPA548T

OPA548T-1G3

ACTIVE

TO-220

KC

50

Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br)

CU SN

N / A for Pkg Type

-40 to 85

OPA548T

OPA548TG3

ACTIVE

TO-220

KVT

50

Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br)

CU SN

N / A for Pkg Type

-40 to 85

OPA548T

(1)

The marketing status values are defined as follows:

ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs.
LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect.
NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design.
PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available.
OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device.
(2)

Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability
information and additional product content details.
TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined.
Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that
lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes.
Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between
the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above.
Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight
in homogeneous material)

Addendum-Page 1

Samples

PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM

www.ti.com

(3)

11-Apr-2013

MSL, Peak Temp. -- The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature.

(4)

Multiple Top-Side Markings will be inside parentheses. Only one Top-Side Marking contained in parentheses and separated by a "~" will appear on a device. If a line is indented then it is a
continuation of the previous line and the two combined represent the entire Top-Side Marking for that device.
Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information
provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. TI has taken and
continues to take reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate information but may not have conducted destructive testing or chemical analysis on incoming materials and chemicals.
TI and TI suppliers consider certain information to be proprietary, and thus CAS numbers and other limited information may not be available for release.
In no event shall TI's liability arising out of such information exceed the total purchase price of the TI part(s) at issue in this document sold by TI to Customer on an annual basis.

Addendum-Page 2

PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION

www.ti.com

24-Apr-2013

TAPE AND REEL INFORMATION

*All dimensions are nominal

Device

Package Package Pins

Type Drawing

SPQ

Reel
Reel
A0
Diameter Width (mm)
(mm) W1 (mm)

OPA548F/500

DDPAK/
TO-263

KTW

500

330.0

24.4

OPA548FKTWT

DDPAK/
TO-263

KTW

50

330.0

24.4

Pack Materials-Page 1

B0
(mm)

K0
(mm)

P1
(mm)

W
Pin1
(mm) Quadrant

10.95

16.5

5.15

16.0

24.0

Q2

10.6

15.6

4.9

16.0

24.0

Q2

PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION

www.ti.com

24-Apr-2013

*All dimensions are nominal

Device

Package Type

Package Drawing

Pins

SPQ

Length (mm)

Width (mm)

Height (mm)

OPA548F/500

DDPAK/TO-263

KTW

500

346.0

346.0

41.0

OPA548FKTWT

DDPAK/TO-263

KTW

50

367.0

367.0

45.0

Pack Materials-Page 2

MECHANICAL DATA
MPSF015 AUGUST 2001

KTW (R-PSFM-G7)

PLASTIC FLANGE-MOUNT

0.410 (10,41)
0.385 (9,78)

0.304 (7,72)

0.006
B

0.303 (7,70)
0.297 (7,54)

0.0625 (1,587) H

0.055 (1,40)

0.0585 (1,485)

0.300 (7,62)
0.064 (1,63)

0.045 (1,14)

0.252 (6,40)

0.056 (1,42)

0.187 (4,75)

0.370 (9,40)

0.179 (4,55)

0.330 (8,38)
H

0.296 (7,52)

0.605 (15,37)
0.595 (15,11)

0.012 (0,305)
C

0.000 (0,00)
0.019 (0,48)

0.104 (2,64)
0.096 (2,44)

0.017 (0,43)
0.050 (1,27)
C
C

0.034 (0,86)
0.022 (0,57)

0.010 (0,25) M

0.026 (0,66)
0.014 (0,36)

0~3

AM C M

0.183 (4,65)
0.170 (4,32)

4201284/A 08/01
NOTES: A. All linear dimensions are in inches (millimeters).
B. This drawing is subject to change without notice.
C. Lead width and height dimensions apply to the
plated lead.
D. Leads are not allowed above the Datum B.
E. Standoff height is measured from lead tip
with reference to Datum B.
F. Lead width dimension does not include dambar
protrusion. Allowable dambar protrusion shall not
cause the lead width to exceed the maximum
dimension by more than 0.003.
G. Crosshatch indicates exposed metal surface.
H. Falls within JEDEC MO169 with the exception
of the dimensions indicated.

POST OFFICE BOX 655303

DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

MECHANICAL DATA
MSOT010 OCTOBER 1994

KC (R-PSFM-T7)

PLASTIC FLANGE-MOUNT PACKAGE

0.156 (3,96)
0.146 (3,71)

0.420 (10,67)
0.380 (9,65)

DIA

0.113 (2,87)
0.103 (2,62)

0.185 (4,70)
0.175 (4,46)
0.055 (1,40)
0.045 (1,14)

0.147 (3,73)
0.137 (3,48)

0.335 (8,51)
0.325 (8,25)
1.020 (25,91)
1.000 (25,40)
1

0.125 (3,18)
(see Note C)

0.030 (0,76)
0.026 (0,66)
0.010 (0,25) M

0.050 (1,27)
0.300 (7,62)

0.122 (3,10)
0.102 (2,59)
0.025 (0,64)
0.012 (0,30)
4040251 / B 01/95

NOTES: A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

All linear dimensions are in inches (millimeters).

This drawing is subject to change without notice.
Lead dimensions are not controlled within this area.
All lead dimensions apply before solder dip.
The center lead is in electrical contact with the mounting tab.

POST OFFICE BOX 655303

DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

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