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Aarone Developers

Detailed project report


10MW Solar Power Park at Indore

Hamaralakshya Construction Pvt. Ltd.


46LGF Jor Bagh
New Delhi 110003

2012-13

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Executive summery
Introduction
Detail of project
Location of project
Technical specification & Technology
Financial analysis
Environmental and social impact
Operation and maintenance

Annexure -1: Solar park GA


Annexure -2: Single line diagram

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1. Executive Summary
The Aarone Group is a leading, Delhi based, real estate development group, with over 20
years of experience in developing residential and commercial projects. Established in 1988, it has a
diverse portfolio of over 100 completed projects.
The Aarone Group started with developing niche/ boutique and exclusive residences in
prestigious locations of New Delhi like Golf Links, Jor Bagh, Vasant Vihar, Panchsheel Park and
soon moved on to large scale commercial projects. The Group has extensive experience in
development of custom-built homes, with focus on timelines, quality and construction
management.
The Group's flagship project is the $130 million, 1.4 million sq. ft. mixed-use development
in the heart of South Delhi , Select CITYWALK, under a joint venture company, SIPL. Select
CITYWALK is a Town Centre in Saket, New Delhi, comprising a shopping centre, multiplex,
offices, serviced apartments, luxury retail, a 100,000 sq. ft. outdoor plaza and parking space for
approximately 2,000 cars. It is a vibrant, upscale, unique shopping & leisure environment in the
heart of South Delhi. The shopping centre has bagged the award for the Most Admired Shopping
Center in India for the years 2008, 2009 & 2010.
The Group is continuously striving to reach greater heights by implementing niche projects
such as COUNTYWALK a 225 acre integrated township in Indore, CYBERWALK, a 1.8 million
sq ft eco IT office complex in Manesar, Gurgaon, a shopping mall project in Jammu, Resort and
Health Centre in Mussoorie, a large residential project in Delhi under MPD 2021 and many more in
pipeline.
The Group's philosophy is to excel in field of real estate development by introducing
innovative concepts, and by achieving the highest levels of quality, customer care and satisfaction.
The Group is headed by its Chairman Mr. Yog Raj Arora, also a noted Chartered Accountant. A
true visionary, he has been instrumental in development of the Select Citywalk a benchmark in
itself for mall developers all over the country.
Countywalk , a 250 acre integrated township in Indore, is designed as a self sufficient gated
community with Residential, Commercial and Recreational areas and facilities for health and
education. Countywalk in Indore is awash in green with stretches of deciduous and evergreen trees,
golf-putting greens and gardens with cafs. Breathe clean, fresh air every day of your life in
cheerful environment of this eco-friendly township in Indore. It provides an excellent opportunity
for investors to make the best of your investment in plots, villas and garden-houses. Enjoy the
uninterrupted spaces with wide roads, from from traffic signals, floral roundabouts with fountains.
Countywalk has fast emerged as the fastest selling and among the best townships in Indore
both in terms of design, overall development and investment appreciation. As per colony
commitment of supply of 24hr power to colony we developed the 10MW solar power plant near to
the Indore a village name manglia for the future aspect. The state of Madhya Pradesh is not
blessed with a good potential of wind energy. We have an excellent potential of solar energy in
the state-approximately 300 sunny days in a year. This brings us to a hybrid regime of solar &
grid energy to keep our Colony well lit round the year.

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We will require finance for meeting our need of solar electrical energy as all equipments for
this will be procure from the market by adopting suitable purchase procedure. We have sufficient
expertise in designing electrical systems to meet our needs. Hamaralakshya Construction Pvt. Ltd.
has designed a solar power park to meet the desired power requirements of colony specifically for
the summer day when MPPKVVCL having shortage of power. The system is indigenously
designed and tested. Our financial need is the initial equipment cost and subsequent periodic
maintenance. However it shall be absolutely essential to have our solar system in the hybrid mode
with electricity grid for taking care of the lean season (Cloudy days).
The 10MW Solar park is capable of taking power in colony and also work for the generate
the renewable energy certificate this may reduced the cost of the park. The unit cost from taking
from the MPPKVVCL around 4 Rs to 5 Rs depends upon the load factor and power factor
maintained by the colony substation. The generation cost of the power from the solar park is around
7 -8 rs different form to time to time. The power rate higher in future and MPPKVVCL taking the
huge charge for upgrading and to getting power from government entity is very difficult.

Salient features of the Park


1. Location
a. State: Madhya Pradesh
b. Village: Mangalia
c. Latitude: 22 47 05.4 N
d. Longitude: 7 5 56 38.4 E
2. Area for the Park
a. Solar PV Area: 30 acre
b. Green area : 2 acre
c. Building and others area: 1 acre
3. Solar Park
a. Output : 10 MW
b. No. Of modules: 16,879
c. No. Of Inverter : 10
d. Outgoing Line voltage: 33KV
4. Grid Connected Detail
To be connected with mangalia 132/33kv Substation with installation of one number
of bay in the substation and 2km of 33kv line.

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2. Introduction
Energy from the Sun not only sustains life on earth but is also the source of almost all forms
of energy used by man. Fossil fuels such as coal and oil represent solar energy that was received on
earth millions of years ago and converted into other forms. Renewable sources of energy such as
wind, hydropower, biomass and ocean energy are also indirect forms of solar energy.
Solar energy, experienced by us as heat and light, can be used in a number of ways and for
many applications. The two Principal routes and technologies of solar energy utilization are:

The thermal route using the heat for heating, cooling, drying, water purification and power
generation;
The photovoltaic route which converts the light into electricity which can then be used for a
variety of purposes such as lighting, pumping, communications and refrigeration etc.

Harnessing of non polluting renewable energy resources to control green house gases is
receiving impetus from the government of India. The solar mission, which is part of the National
Action Plan on Climate Change has been set up to promote the development and use of solar
energy in for power generation and other uses with the ultimate objective of making solar energy
competitive with fossil-based energy options. The solar photovoltaic device systems for power
generation had been deployed in the various parts in the country for electrification where the grid
connectivity is either not feasible or not cost effective as also some times in conjunction with diesel
based generating stations in isolated places and communication transmitters at remote locations.
With the downward trend in the cost of solar energy and appreciation for the need for development
of solar power, solar power projects have recently been implemented. A significant part of the large
potential of solar energy in the country could be developed by promoting grid connected solar
photovoltaic power systems of varying sizes as per the need and affordability coupled with
ensuring adequate return on investment. It has been proposed to set up a 10MWp grid connected
solar photovoltaic power park on the fixed mounting structure at mangalia village at Indore
Madhya Pradesh.
Energy from Sun has many features, which make it an attractive option such as its
widespread distribution, pollution-free nature and virtually inexhaustible supply. India receives
solar energy equivalent to over 5,000 trillion KWh / year which is far more than the total energy
consumption of the country. The daily average solar energy incident varies from 4 - 7 KWh / m2
depending upon the location. There are around 250 - 300 Sunny days in most parts of the country.
If 1% of the total land area is used to generate electricity from this radiation at a net efficiency of
only 1%, it will be possible to produce about 300,000 MW of power.
The potential of the solar energy in meeting the growing energy needs of the country was
recognized in mid 70s. Research and development efforts in both solar thermal and photovoltaic
routes were initiated. Several applications were developed and demonstrated during the 80s. These
efforts received an impetus with the establishment of Ministry of New & Renewable Energy
Sources (MNRE). The Ministry's programmes helped in R&D, demonstration, commercialization
and utilization activities in respect of a wide variety of renewable energy technologies. The
programmes are implemented through a network of state level agencies, industrial, research and
academic organizations and non-governmental bodies.

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India has one of the world's largest programmes in solar energy. A sizeable research and
technology base, a growing manufacturing capability and a countrywide infrastructure for the
distribution and after-sales service of solar energy products have emerged. Solar energy is
beginning to be used for a large number of applications. Nevertheless, the achievements so far add
up to only a tiny fraction of what is possible. The efforts initiated during the last few years by
MNRE to restructure the programmes and giving them a market orientation are contributing
significantly in accelerating the utilization of solar energy commercially in the country.

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3. Detail of the project


The proposed project reports is undertaken by Aarone Group and involves installation and
operation of a new grid connected solar photovoltaic (PV) technology based power plant at Indore
District in Madhya Pradesh state of India. The purpose of the project activity is to use solar energy
for generation of electricity and export to the regional electricity grid. The installed capacity of the
solar PV power plant would be 10 MWp and would consist of 42,768 polycrystalline solar PV
modules of 240 Wp.
The electricity generated from the project activity would be exported to the 33kV Manglia
Substation of MPPKVVCL through a transmission line and then will be delivered to the NorthEast-West- North East (NEWNE) Grid, which is dominated by coal-fired power plants. The
expected annual net electricity delivered to the grid by the proposed project activity is 17,713 MWh
and the emission reductions are estimated to be on average 16,879 tonnes of CO2 equivalent
(tCO2e) per year, and 118,148 tCO2e over the chosen crediting period.
In the absence of the project activity, the solar energy would have remained unutilized.
Further, as per the approved consolidated methodology ACM0002 (Version 12.3.0), the baseline
scenario for the project activity is Electricity delivered to the grid by the project activity would
have otherwise been generated by the operation of grid-connected power plants and by the addition
of new generation sources, as reflected in the combined margin (CM) calculations described in the
Tool to calculate the emission factor for an electricity system. Therefore, the electricity exported
by the proposed project activity would displace an equivalent amount of electricity generated by the
power plants already operational and proposed to be added in the NEWNE Grid which relies
predominantly on fossil fuels.
The Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), Govt. of India has stipulated the
following indicators for sustainable development in the interim approval guidelines for CDM
projects.

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4. Location of project
Region/State
State: Madhya Pradesh
City/Town
District: Indore
Physical/Geographical location
The proposed site is located at manglia Village, devas naka Taluka, Indore District, Madhya
Pradesh State, India. The coordinates of project site are:
Latitude:
Longitude:

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22 47 05.4 N
75 56 38.4 E

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5. Technical Specification & Technologies

The proposed project will generate electricity and deliver it to the NEWNE grid using solar
energy, which is a clean and non-polluting source of renewable energy, resulting in reduction of
CO2 emissions and other pollutants.

Technology of the project activity:


The rated capacity of the proposed solar PV power plant will be 10MWp. The detailed
technical specification at given below
Solar PV Module: Polly-Crystalline solar PV modules manufactured by Goldi Green Solar have
been selected for the project activity. The details of modules to be installed are:

Parameters
Manufacturer
Cell Type
Model

Value
Goldi Green Solar
Polycrystalline
Goldi 250PM | Poly

Modules Wattage

240Wp

No. of modules

42,768

Specification: Solar PV Module


The PV modules used should be made in India. The PV modules used must qualify to the
latest edition of IEC PV module qualification test or equivalent BIS standards Crystalline Silicon
Solar Cell Modules IEC 61215/IS14286. In addition, the modules must conform to IEC 61730 Part1- requirements for construction & Part 2 requirements for testing, for safety qualification or
equivalent IS. For the PV modules to be used in a highly corrosive atmosphere throughout their
lifetime, they must qualify to IEC 61701/IS 61701. The total solar PV array capacity should not be
less than allocated capacity (kWp) and should comprise of solar crystalline modules of minimum
180 Wp and above wattage. Module capacity less than minimum 180 watts should not be accepted.
Protective devices against surges at the PV module shall be provided. Low voltage drop bypass
diodes shall be provided. PV modules must be tested and approved by one of the IEC authorized
test centres. The module frame shall be made of corrosion resistant materials, preferably having
anodized aluminium. The bidder shall carefully design & accommodate requisite numbers of the
modules to achieve the rated power in his bid. SECI/owners shall allow only minor changes at the
time of execution. Other general requirement for the PV modules and subsystems shall be the
Following:

1. The rated output power of any supplied module shall have tolerance of +/- 3%.

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2. The peak-power point voltage and the peak-power point current of any supplied module
and/or any module string (series connected modules) shall not vary by more than 2 (two)
per cent from the respective arithmetic means for all modules and/or for all module strings,
as the case may be.
3. The module shall be provided with a junction box with either provision of external screw
terminal connection or sealed type and with arrangement for provision of by-pass diode.
The box shall have hinged, weather proof lid with captive screws and cable gland entry
points or may be of sealed type and IP-65 rated.
4. IV curves at STC should be provided by bidder.

Specification: Solar Invertors


1090KWp, 570-8820V DC/360V AC capacity invertors made by SMA (Model: Sunny
Central, SMA-800 CP3) has been selected for the project activity. A total of 10 Inverters will be
installed.
As SPV array produce direct current electricity, it is necessary to convert this direct current
into alternating current and adjust the voltage levels to match the grid voltage. Conversion shall be
achieved using an electronic Inverter and the associated control and protection devices. All these
components of the system are termed the Power Conditioning Unit (PCU). In addition, the PCU
shall also house MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracker), an interface between Solar PV array &
the Inverter, to the power conditioning unit/inverter should also be DG set interactive. If necessary.
Inverter output should be compatible with the grid frequency. Typical technical features of the
inverter shall be as follows:

Switching devices: IGBT/MOSFET


Control: Microprocessor /DSP
Nominal AC output voltage and frequency: 415V, 3 Phase, 50 Hz
Output frequency: 50 Hz
Grid Frequency Synchronization range: + 3 Hz or more
Ambient temperature considered: -20o C to 50o C
Humidity: 95 % Non-condensing
Protection of Enclosure: IP-20(Minimum) for indoor. IP-65(Minimum) for outdoor.

Grid Frequency Tolerance range : + 3 or more


Grid Voltage tolerance : - 20% & + 15 %
No-load losses : Less than 1% of rated power
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Inverter efficiency(minimum) : >93% ( In case of 5kW or above )


Inverter efficiency (minimum ) : > 90% (In case of less than 5 kW)
THD : < 3%
PF : > 0.9
Three phase inverter shall be used with each power plant system but In case of less than.
Inverter shall be capable of complete automatic operation including wake-up, synchronization &
shutdown. The output of power factor of inverter is suitable for all voltage ranges or sink of
reactive power; inverter should have internal protection arrangement against any sustainable fault
in feeder line and against the lightning on feeder. Built-in meter and data logger to monitor plant
performance through external computer shall be provided. The power conditioning units / inverters
should comply with applicable IEC/ equivalent BIS standard for efficiency measurements and
environmental tests as per standard codes IEC 61683/IS 61683 and IEC 60068- 2(1,2,14,30)
/Equivalent BIS Std. The charge controller/ MPPT units environmental testing should qualify IEC
60068-2(1, 2, 14, 30)/Equivalent BIS std. The junction boxes/ enclosures should be IP 65(for
outdoor)/ IP 54 (indoor) and as per IEC 529 specifications. The PCU/ inverters should be tested
from the MNRE approved test centres / NABL /BIS /IEC accredited testing- calibration
laboratories. In case of imported power conditioning units, these should be approved by
international test houses.
JUNCTION BOXES (JBs)
The junction boxes are to be provided in the PV array for termination of connecting cables.
The J. Boxes (JBs) shall be made of GRP/FRP/Powder Coated Aluminium /cast aluminium alloy
with full dust, water & vermin proof arrangement. All wires/cables must be terminated through
cable lugs. The JBs shall be such that input & output termination can be made through suitable
cable glands. Copper bus bars/terminal blocks housed in the junction box with suitable termination
threads Conforming to IP65 standard and IEC 62208 Hinged door with EPDM rubber gasket to
prevent water entry. Single compression cable glands. Provision of earthings. It should be placed at
5 feet height or above for ease of accessibility. Each Junction Box shall have High quality Suitable
capacity Metal Oxide Varistors (MOVs) / surge arrestors, suitable Reverse Blocking Diodes. The
Junction Boxes shall have suitable arrangement monitoring and disconnection for each of the
groups. Suitable markings shall be provided on the bus bar for easy identification and the cable
ferrules must be fitted at the cable termination points for identication
Power Evacuation: The direct current from the photo voltaic modules will be converted into
alternating current by the inverters. This exportable power will be stepped up to 33kV by 10
number of 1.25MVA, 33/11KV transformers to be located in the proposed 33kV plant
switchyard and paralleled with the MPPKVVCL substation at Manglia Village.
Capacity Utilisation Factor: As per the Detailed Project Report prepared by Hamaralakshya
Construction Pvt. Ltd., the average PLF for the first year of operation is estimated to be
20.22%.
The technical life of the solar PV Power plant is 25 years.

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DC DISTRIBUTION BOARD
DC Distribution panel to receive the DC output from the array field. DC DPBs shall have
sheet from enclosure of dust & vermin proof conform to IP 65 protection. The bus bars are made of
copper of desired size. Suitable capacity MCBs/MCCB shall be provided for controlling the DC
power output to the PCU along with necessary surge arrestors.
AC DISTRIBUTION PANEL BOARD
AC Distribution Panel Board (DPB) shall control the AC power from PCU/ inverter, and
should have necessary surge arrestors. Interconnection from ACDB to mains at LT Bus bar while in
grid tied mode. All switches and the circuit breakers, connectors should conform to IEC 60947, part
I, II and III/ IS60947 part I, II and III. The change over switches, cabling work should be
undertaken by the bidder as part of the project. All the Panels shall be metal clad, totally enclosed,
rigid, floor mounted, air - insulated, cubical type suitable for operation on three phase / single
phase, 415 or 230 volts, 50 Hz. The panels shall be designed for minimum expected ambient
temperature of 45 degree Celsius, 80 percent humidity and dusty weather. All indoor panels will
have protection of IP54 or better. All outdoor panels will have protection of IP65 or better. Should
conform to Indian Electricity Act and rules (till last amendment). All the 415 AC or 230 volts
devices / equipment like bus support insulators, circuit breakers, VTs etc., mounted inside the
switchgear shall be suitable for continuous operation and satisfactory performance under the
following supply conditions.

Variation in supply
voltage
Variation in supply
frequency

+/- 10 %
+/- 3 Hz

The scenario existing prior to the start of the implementation of the project activity is the
same as the baseline scenario identified in section B.4, i.e. Electricity delivered to the grid by the
project activity would have otherwise been generated by the operation of grid-connected power
plants and by the addition of new generation sources, as reflected in the combined margin (CM)
calculations described in the Tool to calculate the emission factor for an electricity system.
Transfer of technological know-how is not a part of the project activity and the technology
being implemented is environmentally safe and sound. Parties and project participants

DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM / PLANT MONITORING

Data Acquisition System shall be provided for each of the solar PV plant. Data Logging
Provision for plant control and monitoring, time and date stamped system data logs for analysis
with the high quality, suitable PC. Metering and Instrumentation for display of systems parameters
and status indication to be provided. Solar Irradiance: An integrating Pyranometer (Class II or

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better, along with calibration certificate) provided, with the sensor mounted in the plane of the
array. Readout integrated with data logging system. Temperature: Temperature probes for
recording the Solar panel temperature and ambient temperature to be provided complete with
readouts integrated with the data logging system
The following parameters are accessible via the operating interface display in real time
separately for solar power plant:
a. AC Voltage.
b. AC Output current.
c. Output Power
d. Power factor.
e. DC Input Voltage.
f. DC Input Current.
g. Time Active.
h. Time disabled.
i. Time Idle.
j. Power produced
k. Protective function limits (Viz-AC Over voltage, AC Under voltage, over frequency, under
frequency ground fault, PV starting voltage, PV stopping voltage.

All major parameters available on the digital bus and logging facility for energy auditing
through the internal microprocessor and read on the digital front panel at any time) and logging
facility (the current values, previous values for up to a month and the average values) should be
made available for energy auditing through the internal microprocessor and should be read on the
digital front panel. PV array energy production: Digital Energy Meters to log the actual value of
AC/ DC voltage, Current & Energy generated by the PV system provided. Energy meter along with
CT/PT should be of 0.5 accuracy class. Computerized DC String/Array monitoring and AC output
monitoring shall be provided as part of the inverter and/or string/array combiner box or separately.
String and array DC Voltage, Current and Power, Inverter AC output voltage and current
(All 3 phases and lines), AC power (Active, Reactive and Apparent), Power Factor and AC energy
(All 3 phases and cumulative) and frequency shall be monitored. The time interval between two
sets of data shall not be more than 10 minutes. (A min. of 6 samples of data shall be recorded per
hour) Data Acquisition System shall have real time clock, internal reliable battery backup (2 hours)
and data storage capacity to record data round the clock for a period of min. 1 year. Computerized
AC energy monitoring shall be in addition to the digital AC energy meter. The data shall be
recorded in a common work sheet chronologically date wise. The data file shall be MS Excel
compatible. The data shall be represented in both tabular and graphical form. All instantaneous data
shall be shown on the computer screen. Software shall be provided for USB download and analysis
of DC and AC parametric data for individual plant.
Provision for Internet monitoring and download of data shall be also incorporated. Remote
Server and Software for centralized Internet monitoring system shall be also provided for download
and analysis of cumulative data of all the plants and the data of the solar radiation and environment
monitoring system. Solar Radiation and Environment Monitoring System Computerized solar
radiation and environment monitoring system shall be installed on one of the buildings along with
the solar PV power plant. The system shall consist of various sensors, signal conditioning, data
acquisition, LCD display and remote monitoring. Global and diffuse beam solar radiation in the
plane of array (POA) shall be monitored on continuous basis. Ambient temperature and relative
humidity near PV array, control room temperature, at the level of array plane shall be monitored on
continuous basis. Solar PV module back surface temperature shall be also monitored on continuous

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basis. Simultaneous monitoring of DC and AC electrical voltage, current, power, energy and other
data of the plant for correlation with solar and environment data shall be provided. Solar radiation
and environment monitoring system shall have real time clock, internal reliable battery backup and
data storage capacity to record data round the clock for a period of min. 1 year.
The data shall be recorded in a common work sheet chronologically date wise. The data file
should be MS Excel compatible. The data shall be represented in both tabular and graphical form. All
instantaneous data shall be shown on the computer screen. Historical data shall be available for USB
download and analysis. Provision for Internet monitoring and download of data shall be incorporated.
Remote Monitoring and data acquisition through Remote Monitoring System software at the owner
/SECI location with latest software/hardware configuration and service connectivity for online / real
time data monitoring/control complete to be supplied and operation and maintenance/control to be
ensured by the supplier. Provision for interfacing these data on SECI server and portal in future.

TRANSFORMER

This specification covers the 415/33kv transformer which is use for the solar power inverter.
They are to be provided in substations on secondary side of transformer. The switchboard shall
comprise of MS outdoor housing containing incoming and outgoing feeders to match with the capacity
of the Distribution Transformer. LT switchboard shall be provided with insulated handles. The box shall
have two compartments each lockable separately. The LT connections through copper cable/conductor
from LT bushing of DT shall terminate at porcelain fuse. The output from porcelain fuse shall be
extended to the lower compartment of the box. In the lower compartment, LT buses including neutral
bus shall be mounted. All outgoing LT feeders (numbers to be decided by utility based on number of
service connection/ outgoing feeders) shall emanate from LT buses get connected to LT feeder through
respective porcelain fuses. Suitable no. of holes with cable glands along with IS approved gaskets shall
be provided in the lower compartment of the distribution. Neoprene Rubber gasket shall be used in the
door to avoid ingress of moisture and other elements in the distribution box. The distribution box shall
have painting as per relevant IS standards. The Switchboard shall be made of MS of thickness not less
than 2.5 mm. door panel and 4 mm Body panel and shall be dust, moisture, vermin and weather proof
with degree of protection IP 55 as per IS: 13947 suitable for outdoor use. Box shall be mounted on
distribution transformer / pole structure. All parts, doors, movable covers and panels shall be fitted all
around with neoprene gaskets. The gaskets shall be provided along a channel on periphery of the
doors and covers. Ventilating louvers shall be provided with brass screen and filters. The
Switchboard shall have neat appearance inside and outside with all equipment mounted flush
having no visible welds, with all exterior surfaces even and smooth.

The door is to be provided in front with internal hinges. Cable entries shall be from bottom. Cable
gland plate and gland shall be provided at the bottom plate. The wiring shall be such that terminals
are accessible by use of ordinary tools. Connections shall be provided with adequate clearance to
avoid short circuits and risk of fire and ease in connection and disconnection. All internal wiring
should be with fire resistance low smoke PVC insulated cables of copper core size 2.5 sq. mm
minimum complying with IS: 1554. TECH. SPECIFICATION FOR LT SWITCH BOARD FOR
DIST. TRF.
i.

GOVERNING STANDARDS

The equipment will be manufactured in conformity with the following Indian Standard
Specification (latest editions).

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IS:2950 A.C. Connectors


IS:8623/1993 Low Voltage Switchgear and Control gear Assemblies
IS:9676/1980 Temperature weather condition.
ii.

BUS BAR AND CONNECTIONS

Phase and neutral bus bar shall be provided along with links and connectors of electrolytic
aluminium with 99.9 percent purity of approved make. The phase bus bars should be insulated with
PVC or heat shrinkable sleeves of phase code coloured i.e. red, yellow and blue or suitably painted
with plastic insulating compounds. The bus bars shall be suitably supported on insulators to stand
the mechanical and electric forces on account of short circuit on the system. The bus bar conductors
shall be uniform throughout its length and in no case tapered. The size shall be so chosen to limit
current density to 1.0 Amps per sq. mm. The electrical contacts between bus bars and connecting
link shall be bolted type and lavish contact surface shall be provided. Bus bars shall be enclosed in
a separate compartment with link arrangement for extension. The neutral bus bar should be of the
same size and current carrying capacity as that of phase bus bar. All bus bar joints, live bolted
connections; joints between cable terminals and switchgear terminals etc. shall be covered with
electric insulating non-corrosive sealing compound or heat shrinkable tapes to avoid accidental
contact and flashover.

iii.

EARTHING

Suitable Earthing arrangement shall be provided.


iv.

TESTS

Each type of LV Switchboard shall be completely assembled, wired, adjusted and tested at the
factory as per the relevant standards and during manufacture and on completion.

v. Routine Test
The tests shall be carried out in accordance with IS 13947 and 8623 include including but not
necessarily limited to the following:
(a) Visual Check
(b) Verification of Component Rating
(c) Other Checks
i) Easy Accessibility and Maintenance
ii) Colour Coding provided by coloured tapes.
iii) Bus bar dimensions
iv) Degree of Protection check by paper.
(d) Dimension check
(e) Insulation Resistance Tests
(f) Mechanical Operation Tests
(g) Bus bar support and clearances
(h) Continuity of circuits and Function
(i) Painting
(j) Overload Release setting of the Circuit Breakers

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vi.
Type Test
All type tests shall be performed in accordance with IS 13947 and 8623

PROTECTIONS
The system should be provided with all necessary protections like earthing, Lightning, and
grid islanding as follows

LIGHTNING PROTECTION
The SPV power plants shall be provided with lightning &overvoltage protection. The main
aim in this protection shall be to reduce the over voltage to a tolerable value before it reaches the
PV or other sub system components. The source of over voltage can be lightning, atmosphere
disturbances etc The entire space occupying the SPV array shall be suitably protected against
Lightning by deploying required number of Lightning Arrestors. Lightning protection should be
provided as per IEC 62305standard. The protection against induced high-voltages shall be provided
by the use of metal oxide arrestors (MOVs) and suitable earthing such that induced transients find
an alternate route to earth.
SURGE PROTECTION
Internal surge protection shall consist of three MOV type surge-arrestors connected from
+ve and ve terminals to earth (via Y arrangement)
EARTHING PROTECTION
Each array structure of the PV yard should be grounded/ earthed properly as per IS:30431987. In addition the lighting arrester/masts should also be earthed inside the array field. Earth
Resistance shall be tested in presence of the representative of Department/SECI as and when
required after earthing by calibrated earth tester. PCU, ACDB and DCDB should also be earthed
properly. Earth resistance shall not be more than 5 ohms. It shall be ensured that all the earthing
points are bonded together to make them at the same potential.
GRID ISLANDING:
In the event of a power failure on the electric grid, it is required that any independent
power-producing inverters attached to the grid turn off in a short period of time. This prevents the
DC-to-AC inverters from continuing to feed power into small sections of the grid, known as
islands. Powered islands present a risk to workers who may expect the area to be unpowered, and
they may also damage grid-tied equipment. The Rooftop PV system shall be equipped with
islanding protection. In addition to disconnection from the grid (due to islanding protection)
disconnection due to under and over voltage conditions shall also be provided.
A manual disconnect 4pole isolation switch beside automatic disconnection to grid would
have to be provided at utility end to isolate the grid connection by the utility personnel to carry out
any maintenance. This switch shall be locked by the utility personnel
CABLES

17 | P a g e

Cables of appropriate size to be used in the system shall have the following characteristics:
i. Shall meet IEC 60227/IS 694, IEC 60502/IS1554 standards
ii. Temp. Range: 10oC to +80oC.
iii. Voltage rating 660/1000V
iv. Excellent resistance to heat, cold, water, oil, abrasion, UV radiation
v. Flexible

Sizes of cables between array interconnections, array to junction boxes, junction boxes to
Inverter etc. shall be so selected to keep the voltage drop (power loss) of the entire solar system to
the minimum. The cables (as per IS) should be insulated with a special grade PVC compound
formulated for outdoor use. Cable Routing/ Marking: All cable/wires are to be routed in a GI cable
tray and suitably tagged and marked with proper manner by good quality ferule or by other means
so that the cable easily identified. The Cable should be so selected that it should be compatible up
to the life of the solar PV panels i.e. 25years. The ratings given are approximate. Bidder to indicate
size and length as per system design requirement. All the cables required for the plant provided by
the bidder. Any change in cabling sizes if desired by the bidder/approved after citing appropriate
reasons. All cable schedules/layout drawings approved prior to installation. Multi Strand, Annealed
high conductivity copper conductor PVC type A pressure extruded insulation or XLPE insulation.
Overall PVC/XLPE insulation for UV protection Armored cable for underground laying. All cable
trays including covers to be provided. All cables conform to latest edition of IEC/ equivalent BIS
Standards as specified below: BoS item / component Standard Description Standard Number
Cables General Test and Measuring Methods, PVC/XLPE insulated cables for working Voltage

6. Financial Analysis

There is no recourse to any public funding from Annex I parties in the proposed project
activity. The project proponent hereby confirms that there is no divergence of Official
Development Assistance (ODA) to the proposed project activity. The required funds are being
raised through various financial institutions and in-house funding.
Applicability of methodology
Justification of the choice of methodology
The project activity is Grid connected renewable power generation and meets the
applicability conditions of the chosen methodology.
This methodology is applicable to grid-connected renewable power generation project
activities that
a. install a new power plant at a site where no renewable power plant was operated prior to the
implementation of the project activity (greenfield plant);
b. involve a capacity addition;
c. involve a retrofit of (an) existing plant(s); or
d. Involve a replacement of (an) existing plant(s).

18 | P a g e

The project activity is the installation of a new grid-connected renewable power plant at a site
where no renewable power plant was operated prior to the implementation of the project activity
(Greenfield plant). Hence, the applicability criterion is satisfied.
The methodology is applicable under the following conditions:
The project activity is the installation, or modification/retrofit of a, capacity addition,
retrofit or replacement of a power plant/unit of one of the following types: hydro power
plant/unit (either with a run-of-river reservoir or an accumulation reservoir), wind power
plant/unit, geothermal power plant/unit, solar power plant/unit, wave power plant/unit or
tidal power plant/unit;
The project activity is the installation of a solar power plant in Indore district of Madhya
Pradesh.
In the case of capacity additions, retrofits or replacements (except for capacity addition
projects for which the electricity generation of the existing power plant(s) or unit(s) is not
affected: the existing plant started commercial operation prior to the start of a minimum
historical reference period of five years, used for the calculation of baseline emissions and
defined in the baseline emission section, and no capacity addition or retrofit of the plant has
been undertaken between the start of this minimum historical reference period and the
implementation of the project activity;
The project activity is not a capacity addition, retrofit or replacement of an existing power plant.
In case of hydro power plants, at least one of the following conditions must apply:
o The project activity is implemented in an existing single or multiple reservoirs, with no
change in the volume of any of the reservoirs; or
o The project activity is implemented in an existing single or multiple reservoirs, where the
volume of any of reservoirs is increased and the power density of each reservoir, as per
definitions given in the Project Emissions section, is greater than 4 W/m2after the
implementation of the project activity; or
o The project activity results in new single or multiple reservoirs and the power density of
each reservoir, as per definitions given in the Project Emissions section, is greater than 4
W/m2after the implementation of the project activity.
The Project is not a hydro power plant. Hence, this applicability criterion is not required to be
satisfied.
In case of hydro power plants using multiple reservoirs where the power density of any of
the reservoirs is lower than 4 W/m2 after the implementation of the project activity all the
following conditions must apply:
o The power density calculated for the entire project activity using equation 5 is greater than 4
W/m2;
o
o All reservoirs and hydro power plants are located at the same river and where are designed
together to function as an integrated project that collectively constitutes the generation
capacity of the combined power plant;
o
o The water flow between the multiple reservoirs is not used by any other hydropower unit
which is not a part of the project activity;
o

19 | P a g e

o The total installed capacity of the power units, which are driven using water from the
reservoirs with a power density lower than 4 W/m2, is lower than 15MW;
o
o The total installed capacity of the power units, which are driven using water from reservoirs
with a power density lower than 4 W/m2, is less than 10% of the total installed capacity of
the project activity from multiple reservoirs.
The Project is not a hydro power plant. Hence, this applicability criterion is not required to be
satisfied.
The methodology is not applicable to the following:
Project activities that involve switching from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources at the
site of the project activity, since in this case the baseline may be the continued use of fossil
fuels at the site;
The project activity does not involve switching from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources.
Biomass fired power plants;
The project activity is not a biomass fired power plant. Hence, this applicability criterion is not
required to be satisfied.
Hydro power plant that result in new single reservoir or in the increase in existing single
reservoir where the power density of the reservoir is less than 4 W/m2.
The Project is not a hydro power plant. Hence, this applicability criterion is not required to be
satisfied.
Therefore, the approved monitoring methodology ACM0002 "Consolidated monitoring
methodology for grid-connected electricity generation from renewable sources" is applicable to the
project activity.
The spatial extent of the project boundary includes the project power plant and all power
plants connected physically to the electricity system that the CDM project power plant is connected
to.
The proposed project would be feeding the electricity in the NEWNE regional grid which
constitutes several states and Union territories including Madhya Pradesh. The proposed project
would have marginal impact on all the generation facilities in the NEWNE grid. Thus all the power
generation facilities connected to this grid form the project boundary for the purpose of baseline
estimation. For conservative and accurate estimation, the imports of electricity from other regional
grids have been included in the baseline calculation.
Establishment and description of baseline scenario
As the project activity is the installation of a new grid-connected solar PV power plant,
according to ACM0002 Version 12.3.0, the baseline scenario is the following:
Electricity delivered to the grid by the project activity would have otherwise been generated
by the operation of grid-connected power plants and by the addition of new generation sources, as
reflected in the combined margin (CM) calculations described in the Tool to calculate the
emission factor for an electricity system described step wise under section B.6.
The Combined Margin has been calculated using the Tool to calculate the emission factor
for an electricity system Version 02.2.1. The Operating Margin (OM) and Build Margin (BM)
20 | P a g e

emission factors have been considered from the information (CO2 Baseline Database for the Indian
Power Sector -Version 7.0) published by the Central Electricity Authority (CEA), Ministry of
Power, Govt. of India which has been computed according to the procedures prescribed in the
Tool to calculate the emission factor for an electricity system, version 02.2.1. Considering the
individual weightings assigned to the OM and the BM emission factors, the combined margin
emission factor for the NEWNE Grid has been estimated at 0.9529 tCO2e/MWh.
Demonstration of additionality
According to the Clean Development Mechanism Project Standard Version 01.0 (EB 65,
Annex 5) paragraph 27, for project activities with a starting date on or after 2 August 2008, the
project participant must inform the Host Party designated national authority (DNA) and the
UNFCCC secretariat in writing of the commencement of the project activity and of their intention
to seek CDM status for it. Accordingly, HREPL informed UNFCCC and National CDM Authority
(NCDMA) i.e. DNA of India, of its intention to seek CDM status on 27 April 2011. This
notification was made even before the project activity start on 20 June 2011 as described in section
C.1.1. Thus, it is clear that the project activity meets the criteria stipulated in Paragraph 107 of the
Clean Development Mechanism Validation and Verification Manual Version 02.0 (Annex 4, EB
65). Hence, it can be concluded that the project proponents have seriously considered CDM for the
proposed project activity and that its benefits are decisive for the implementation of the project.
The proposed project activity is a solar PV power project involving supply of electricity to
NEWNE grid. Hence, according to baseline methodology ACM0002 Version 12.3.0, since the
project activity is the installation of a new grid-connected renewable power plant/unit, the baseline
scenario is the following:
Electricity delivered to the grid by the project activity would have otherwise been generated
by the operation of grid-connected power plants and by the addition of new generation sources, as
reflected in the combined margin (CM) calculations described in the Tool to calculate the
emission factor for an electricity system.
According to paragraph 115 of the Clean Development Mechanism Validation and
Verification Manual Version 02.0 (Annex 4, EB 65), Where the baseline scenario is prescribed in
the approved methodology, no further analysis is required. Since, the methodology has already
prescribed the baseline scenario as discussed above, therefore there is no requirement of
identification of alternatives to the project activity and Step 1 can be skipped.
Investment analysis
Determine whether the proposed project activity is not:
The most economically or financially attractive; or
Economically or financially feasible, without the revenue from the sale of certified emission
reductions (CERs).
The Methodological Tool Demonstration and assessment of additionality (Version 06.0.0)
states that project participants may choose to apply Step 2 (Investment analysis) Or Step 3 (Barrier
analysis) to demonstrate the additionality of the project. In the present scenario, both Step 2 and
Step 3 are used to demonstrate the additionality of the project.
Determine appropriate analysis method
Benchmark analysis has been chosen as the appropriate analysis method since the baseline
for the project activity is supply of electricity from the grid. This is also in accordance with
Paragraph 19 of the Guidance on the Assessment of Investment Analysis Version 5 that says If the

21 | P a g e

alternative to the project activity is the supply of electricity from a grid this is not to be considered
an investment and a benchmark approach is considered appropriate.
Option III. Apply benchmark analysis
The Equity IRR was found to be the most appropriate financial indicator for assessment of
the feasibility of the project activity. The internal rate of return (IRR) is a very common capital
budgeting metric used by firms to decide whether they should make investments in a particular
project activity. It is defined as the annualized effective compounded return rate which can be
earned on the invested capital or the discount rate that makes the net present value of the
investment's income stream total to zero. Hence it is an indicator of the efficiency or quality of an
investment.
The project proponent had carried out an estimation of the costs involved in the project
activity and the revenues that it would be expected to generate over its operational lifetime. Based
on these estimates, the Equity IRR for the project activity was found to be very low, indicating it to
be not economically or financially attractive for the project proponent. However, the project
proponent decided to implement the project only after taking CDM revenue into consideration that
improves the Equity IRR.
Benchmark
Since benchmark approach is being applied, the section on Selection and Validation of
Appropriate Benchmarks of Guidelines on the Assessment of Investment Analysis Version 5 has
been referred which states that Required/expected returns on equity are appropriate benchmarks
for an equity IRR.. Therefore, expected return on equity is being used as a benchmark.
Further, the guideline states that In the cases of projects which could be developed by an
entity other than the project participant the benchmark should be based on parameters that are
standard in the market. Since the project could be developed by an entity other than the project
participant, the benchmark is calculated based on parameters that are standard in the market.
Additionally, the guideline also states that If the benchmark is based on parameters that are
standard in the market, the cost of equity should be determined either by: (a) selecting the values
provided in Appendix A; or by (b) calculating the cost of equity using best financial practices,
based on data sources which can be clearly validated by the DOE, while properly justifying all
underlying factors.
Accordingly, the cost of equity is being determined as the value provided in Appendix A.
However, as per paragraph 7 of the appendix to the guidelines, the default values provided in the
appendix are real term values that can be converted to nominal values by adding the inflation rate.
The default value for expected return on equity for energy industry in India in real term
rates as per appendix to the Guidelines on the assessment of investment analysis is 11.75%.
The long-term inflation forecast from Reserve Bank of India which is the central bank of the
host country is 5.5%6.
Therefore, the expected return on equity in nominal terms is 11.75% + 5.5% =
17.25%.

22 | P a g e

IRR Analysis
The IRR analysis carried out in accordance with the Guidance on the Assessment of Investment
Analyse Version 05. The assumptions used for the carrying out the IRR analysis are as shown
below:
Parameter
Plant capacity (MW)

Value
Source
10 Power Purchase Agreement
Energy Generation
st
Capacity utilization factor (1 year)
20.22%
Energy generation (1st year) (MWh)
17,712 Detailed Project Report
Annual degradation factor
0.50%
Project Financing
Loan (%)
70%
Equity (%)
30%
Amount of Loan (x INR million)
490.7
Loan term (years)
10
Interest Rate
13%
Salvage Value
Salvage Value
10%
Operation & Maintenance Charges
O & M Charges (x INR million)
8.5
Escalation in O & M (%)
5%
Free O&M (years)
1
Insurance (% of project cost)
0.35%
Working Capital
Receivables (for months)
1
O&M expenses (for months)
1
Interest rate
14%
Tariff
Tariff for 25 years (INR/kWh)
7.5
Tax Rates
Corporate Tax Rate
32.45% Income Tax Act
(incl. Surcharge and Educational cess)
Minimum Alternate Tax
20.01%
(incl. Surcharge and Educational cess)
Finance Act
Service Tax Rate
10.30%
As per Income Tax Act (WDV)
Land

Depreciation
Rate
Income Tax Act
0%

Civil Works

10%

Plant & Machinery

70%

As per Companies Act (SLM)


Land
Civil Works
Plant & Machinery

23 | P a g e

0.00%
3.34% Companies Act Schedule XIV
5.28%

Component
Engineering Procurement
and Commissioning (EPC)
cost
Plant & Machinery
Civil Works
Land cost
Preliminary and PreOperative
Expenses including IDC and
contingency
Total Project Cost

Project Cost (x INR million)


Cost
Source
CRISIL Report on International
628.37
Competitive Bidding process conducted
for
project
EPCthe
cost
break-up from CERC Explanatory
580.00
Memorandum for Benchmark Capital Cost
50.00
Norms for Solar PV Power Projects
6.75
CERC Explanatory Memorandum for
Benchmark Capital Cost Norms for Solar
65.00
PV Power Projects and Solar Thermal
Power Projects
701.76

Calculation and comparison of financial indicators (only applicable to Options II and


III):
The Equity Internal Rate of Return for the project activity works out to 8.27%. Hence it can
be clearly observed that the returns from the project do not exceed the benchmark of 17.25%. Thus
the project activity on its own is clearly not a financially viable option and hence the revenue from
CDM is essential to make the project activity a financially viable venture.
Sensitivity analysis (only applicable to Options II and III):
As per Step 2d of the Methodological Tool Demonstration and assessment of
additionality Version 06.0.0, a sensitivity analysis is to be carried out to show whether the
conclusion regarding the financial/economic attractiveness is robust to reasonable variations in the
critical assumptions. The results of the sensitivity analysis are detailed below:
Base case
Variable
Parameter

8.27
Decrease %% Increase
10%
10%

Energy
Generatio
n

4.54%

10.64%

Project Cost

10.42%

5.21%

Tariff

4.54%

10.64%

Comments
The energy generation has been determined
based on the analysis conducted by third party
engineering
consultants,
Hamaralakshya
Construction Pvt. Ltd. Any significant increase
in energy generation is not envisaged,
however, even in the extreme case of an
increase of 10% in energy generation, it can be
observed that the IRR does not cross the
benchmark.
The project cost primarily comprises of the
cost of civil works and plant and machinery.
These costs are unlikely to decrease as
contracts for the same have already been
executed with the EPC contractor. Taking
these factors into consideration, a decrease in
project
cost ishas
not envisaged.
The Tariff
been based on the mutual
agreement.

O&M Cost

24 | P a g e

6.89%

7.30%

The variation in the cost of Operations and


Maintenance does not affect the Equity IRR
by a significant margin due to its low value.

Hence it can be clearly observed that even when the project parameters turn in favour
of the project proponent, even then the returns from the project do not exceed the benchmark.
Thus the project activity on its own is clearly not a financially viable option. The revenue from
CDM would make the project activity a financially viable venture.
Barrier analysis
Determine whether the proposed project activity faces barriers
that:
(a) Prevent the implementation of this type of proposed project activity; and
(b) Do not prevent the implementation of at least one of the alternatives.

Identify barriers that would prevent the implementation of the proposed CDM project
activity:
Establish that there are realistic and credible barriers that would prevent the
implementation of the proposed project activity from being carried out if the project activity
was not registered as a CDM activity.
Show that the identified barriers would not prevent the implementation of at least one of
the alternatives (except the proposed project activity):
Step 2 has been used to demonstrate additionality of the
project.
Common practice analysis
Identify and discuss the existing common practice through the following
Sub-steps:
Analyze other activities similar to the proposed project activity:
Since the project activity is a measure that involves use of renewable energy, as per
paragraph 47 of the methodological tool Demonstration and assessment of additionality version
06.0.0, the following steps have been followed for common practice analysis:
Step 1: Calculate applicable output range as +/-50% of the design output or capacity of the
proposed project activity.
Since the proposed project activity has a proposed installed capacity of 10 MW, the
applicable output range for common practice analysis will be 10 MW to 15 MW ( 50% of 7.5
MW).
Step 2: In the applicable geographical area, identify all plants that deliver the same output or
capacity, within the applicable output range calculated in Step 1, as the proposed project activity
and have started commercial operation before the start date of the project. Note their number Nall.
Registered CDM project activities and projects activities undergoing validation shall not be
included in this step;
Nall = All the power plants in the applicable output range in the applicable geographical
area. Thus for the proposed project activity this will include all the power plants in the range from
10 MW to 30 MW commissioned in India before the start date of the proposed project activity.
Step 3: Within plants identified in Step 2, identify those that apply technologies different
that the technology applied in the proposed project activity. Note their number Ndiff.

25 | P a g e

Ndiff = All the power plants with technologies different from that of the proposed project
activity in the applicable output range in the applicable geographical area. Hence for the proposed
project activity, this will include all the power plants in the range from 10 MW to 30 MW
commissioned in India before the start date of the proposed project activity i.e. 20 June 2011 and
use technologies different from solar photovoltaic technology for power generation as will be used
by the proposed project activity.
Step 4: Calculate factor F = 1-Ndiff/Nall representing the share of plants using technology
similar to the technology used in the proposed project activity in all plants that deliver the same
output or capacity as the proposed project activity.
N diff
Therefore, F
= 1-

N all N diff
=
N all

N all
(Nall Ndiff) represents all the plants using solar photovoltaic technology in the range of
10 MW to 30 MW installed in India before 20 June 2011.
As per the the MNRE report on MW size grid connected solar power plants in India, as on
31st July, 2011 there was no solar power plant installed in India in the range of 10 MW to 30 MW
capacity till 20 June 2011.
Therefore, (Nall Ndiff)
= 0 and F = (Nall
Ndiff)/Nall = 0
Since the factor F is less than 0.2 and Nall-Ndiff is less than 3, the proposed project
activity is not a common practice within the power sector in the country.
Discuss any similar options that are occurring:
The Methodological Tool Demonstration and assessment of additionality Version 06.0.0
states in Sub- step 4b that If similar activities are widely observed and commonly carried out, it
calls into question the claim that the proposed project activity is financially unattractive (as
contended in Step 2) or faces barriers (as contended in Step 3).
On the basis of the conclusions of the analysis in Sub-step 4a, it is seen that there are no

similar project activities in the host country currently under operation.


Hence as per Methodological Tool Demonstration and assessment of additionality Version
06.0.0 further analysis of step 4 (b) is not required.

26 | P a g e

Project activity emissions


According to the chosen baseline methodology ACM0002 Version 12.3.0, project
emissions are accounted for as follows:
PEy PEFF,y PEGP,y PEHP,y
Where:
PEy
PEFF,y
PEGP,y

=
=
=

PEHP,y

Project emissions in year y (tCO2e/yr)


Project emissions from fossil fuel consumption in year y (tCO2/yr)
Project emissions from the operation of geothermal power plants due to the
release of
non-condensable
in year y (tCO
Project
emissionsgases
from reservoirs
of hydro
2e/yr)power plants in year y (tCO2e/yr)

Since, the project activity is a solar PV power project, there are no project emissions from
fossil fuel consumption, release of non-condensable gases or water reservoirs.
Hence, PE y
Baseline Emissions
Baseline emissions include only CO2 emissions from electricity generation in fossil fuel
fired power plants that are displaced due to the project activity. The methodology assumes that all
project electricity generation above baseline levels would have been generated by existing gridconnected power plants and the addition of new grid-connected power plants. The baseline
emissions are to be calculated as follows:
BEy = EGPJ,y
EFgrid,CM, y

Where:
BEy
EGPJ,y

=
=

Baseline emissions in year y (tCO2/yr)


Quantity of net electricity generation that is produced and fed into the grid as a
result of
EFgrid,C = the
implementation
of the
CDM project
year y (MWh/yr)
Combined
margin CO
factoractivity
for gridinconnected
power generation in
2 emission
M,y
year y
calculated using the latest version of the Tool to calculate the emission factor
for an
Calculation
of
electricity system
EGPJ,y
(a) Greenfield renewable energy power
plants
Since the project activity is the installation of a new grid-connected renewable power plant/unit at
a site where no renewable power plant was operated prior to the implementation of the
project activity, therefore:
EGPJ,y = EGfacility,y
Where:
EGPJ,y

EGfacilit =
y,y

Quantity of net electricity generation that is produced and fed into the grid as a
result of the implementation of the CDM project activity in year y (MWh/yr)
Quantity of net electricity generation supplied by the project plant/unit to the
grid in

year y (MWh/yr)
27 | P a g e

Calculation of EFgrid
In accordance with the Tool to calculate the emission factor for an electricity system Version
02.2.1, combined margin CO2 emission factor for grid connected power generation is calculated
stepwise as below:
The data used for the calculation of the baseline emission factor was obtained from the baseline
calculations published by the CEA, CO2 Baseline Database for the Indian Power Sector Version
7.010, which uses ACM0002. A complete explanation of the assumptions employed by the CEA can be
obtained from the CO2 Baseline Database for the Indian Power Sector - Version 7.0.
Step 1: Identify the relevant electricity systems
For the purpose of determining the electricity emission factors, a project electricity system and
connected electricity systems are to be defined. The Indian power system is divided into two
regional grids, namely NEWNE and Southern grid. Each grid covers several states. Power generation
and supply within the regional grid is managed by Regional Load Dispatch Centre (RLDC). The
Regional Power Committees (RPCs) provide a common platform for discussion and solution to the
regional problems relating to the grid.
Each state in a regional grid meets their demand with their own generation facilities and also
with allocation from power plants owned by the central sector such as NTPC and NHPC etc. Specific
quotas are allocated to each state from the central sector power plants. Depending on the demand and
generation, there are electricity exports and imports between states in the regional grid. There are
also electricity transfers between regional grids, and small exchanges in the form of cross-border
imports and exports
(e.g. from Bhutan). Recently, the Indian regional grids have started to work in synchronous mode, i.e.
at same frequency.
States connected to different regional grids
Regiona
l grid

States

NEWNE Grid
Northern

Eastern

Western

Haryana,
Himachal
Pradesh, Jammu
& Kashmir,
Punjab,
Rajasthan, Uttar
Pradesh and
Uttarakhand

Bihar,
Orissa, West
Bengal,
Jharkhand
and Sikkim

Gujarat,
Madhya
Pradesh,
Maharashtra
, Goa and
Chattisgarh

North
Easter
Arunachal
n
Pradesh,
Assam,
Manipur,
Meghalaya,
Mizoram,
Nagaland
and
Tripura
-

Southern grid
Andhra
Pradesh,
Karnataka,
Kerala and
Tamil
Nadu

Daman &
Delhi and
Andaman
Pondicherry
Union
Diu, Dadar
Chandigarh
Nicobar
,
Territorie
& Nagar
Lakshadwee
s
Haveli
The NEWNE grid constitutes several states and union
territories including Madhya
p Pradesh. These
states under the regional grid have their own power generating stations as well as centrally shared
power-generating stations. While the power generated by own generating stations is fully owned and
consumed through the respective states grid systems, the power generated by central generating
stations is shared by more than one state depending on their allocated share. Presently the share from
central generating stations is a small portion of their own generation.
Since the CDM project would be supplying electricity to the NEWNE grid, it is preferable to take
this grid as the project boundary rather than the state boundary. It also minimizes the effect of
interstate power transactions, which are dynamic and vary widely. Considering free flow of electricity
among the member states and the union territory, the entire NEWNE grid is considered as a single
entity for estimation of baseline.

28 | P a g e

Step 2: Choose whether to include off-grid power plants in the project electricity system
(optional)
Project participants may choose between the following two options to calculate the operating margin
and build margin emission factor:
Option I:
Option II:

Only grid power plants are included in the calculation.


Both grid power plants and off-grid power plants are included in the calculation.

The project participant has chosen Option I for the calculation of the operating and build margin
emission factor i.e. off-grid power plants are not being included in the calculation.
Step 3: Select a method to determine the operating margin (OM)
The calculation of the operating margin emission factor (EFgrid,OM,y) is based on one of the
following methods:
(a) Simple OM, or
(b) Simple adjusted OM, or
(c) Dispatch data analysis OM, or
(d) Average OM.
For the proposed project activity, simple OM method (option a) has been chosen to calculate
the operating margin emission factor (EFgrid, OM, y). However, the simple OM method can only be
used if low- cost/must-run resources constitute less than 50% of total grid generation in: 1) average
of the five most recent years, or 2) based on long-term averages for hydroelectricity production.
The low-cost/must-run resources are defined as power plants with low marginal generation costs
or power plants that are dispatched independently of the daily or seasonal load of the grid. They
typically include hydro, geothermal, wind, low-cost biomass, nuclear and solar generation.
Table: Share of Low Cost / Must-Run (% of Net Generation)
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
NEWNE
18.5%
19.0%
17.4%
15.9%
South
28.3%
27.1%
22.8%
20.6%
India
20.9%
21.0%
18.7%
17.1%
Ref: CO2 Baseline Database for the Indian Power Sector CEA, Version 07

2010-11
17.6%
21.0%
18.4%

Percentage of total grid generation by low cost/must run plants (on the basis of average of five
most recent years) = 17.7 %
The calculation above shows that the generation from low-cost/must-run resources constitutes less
than 50% of total grid generation, hence usage of the Simple OM method in the project case is
justified.
The Simple OM emission factor can be calculated using either of the two following data vintages
for years(s) y:
-

Ex ante option: If the ex-ante option is chosen, the emission factor is determined once at
the validation stage, thus no monitoring and recalculation of the emissions factor during the
crediting period is required. For grid power plants, use a 3-year generation-weighted average,
based on the most recent data available at the time of submission of the CDM-PDD to the
DOE for validation. For off-grid power plants, use a single calendar year within the 5 most
recent calendar years prior to the time of submission of the CDM-PDD for validation.
or
Ex post option: If the ex post option is chosen, the emission factor is determined for the year
in which the project activity displaces grid electricity, requiring the emissions factor to be
updated annually during monitoring. If the data required calculating the emission factor for
year y is usually only available later than six months after the end of year y, alternatively
the emission factor of the previous year (y-1) may be used. If the data is usually only available
18 months after the end of year y, the emission factor of the year proceeding the previous year
(y-2) may be used. The same data vintage (y, y-1 or y-2) should be used throughout all

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crediting periods.
The project proponent chooses the Ex ante option for estimating the simple OM emission factor
wherein as described above a 3-year generation-weighted average, based on the most recent data
available at the time of submission of the CDM-PDD to the DOE for validation, without
requirement to monitor and recalculate the emissions factor during the crediting period will be
undertaken.
Step 4: Calculate the operating margin emission factor according to the selected
method
The simple OM method has been selected as justified above. The simple OM emission factor is
calculated based on the net electricity generation of each power unit and a CO2 emission factor
for each power unit, as follows:
EFgrid,OMsimple,,y
FCi,m,y
NCVi,y
EFCO2,i,y
EGm,y
m
I
y

= Simple operating margin CO2 emission factor of in year y (tCO2/MWh)


= Amount of fossil fuel type i consumed by power unit m in year y
(Mass or volume unit)
= Net calorific value (energy content) of fossil fuel type i in year y
(GJ / mass or volume unit)
= CO2 emission factor of fossil fuel type i in year y (tCO2/GJ)
= Net electricity generated and delivered to the grid by power unit m in year y
(MWh)
= All power units serving the grid in year y except low-cost / must-run power units
= All fossil fuel types combusted in power plant / unit m in year y
= Either the three most recent years for which data is available at the time of
submission of the CDM-PDD to the DOE for validation (ex-ante option) or the
applicable year during monitoring (ex post option), following the guidance on data
vintage in step 2

In India, the Central Electricity Authority (CEA) has estimated the baseline emission factor for the
power sector. This data has also been endorsed by the DNA and is the most authentic
information available in the public domain. The details of same can be found on CEA website.
Step 5: Calculate the build margin (BM) emission
factor
In terms of vintage of data, project proponents can choose between one of the following two
options: Option 1: For the first crediting period, calculate the build margin emission factor exante based on the
most recent information available on units already built for sample group m at the time of
CDM-PDD
submission to the DOE for validation. For the second crediting period, the build margin emission
factor should be updated based on the most recent information available on units already built
at the time of submission of the request for renewal of the crediting period to the DOE. For the
third crediting period, the build margin emission factor calculated for the second crediting period
should be used. This option does not require monitoring the emission factor during the crediting
period.
Option 2: For the first crediting period, the build margin emission factor shall be updated
annually, ex- post, including those units built up to the year of registration of the project activity
or, if information up to the year of registration is not yet available, including those units built
up to the latest year for which Information is available. For the second crediting period, the
build margin emissions factor shall be calculated ex-ante, as described in option 1 above.
For the third crediting period, the build margin emission factor calculated for the second
crediting period should be used.

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The project proponent wishes to choose option 1.


Capacity additions from retrofits of power plants should not be included in the calculation of
the build margin emission factor.
The sample group of power units m used to calculate the build margin should be determined as
per the following procedure, consistent with the data vintage selected above:
(e) Identify the set of five power units, excluding power units registered as CDM project

activities, that started to supply electricity to the grid most recently (SET5-units) and
determine their annual electricity generation (AEGSET-5-units, in MWh);
(f)

Determine the annual electricity generation of the project electricity system, excluding
power units registered as CDM project activities (AEGtotal, in MWh). Identify the set of
power units, excluding power units registered as CDM project activities, that started to
supply electricity to the grid most recently and that comprise 20% of AEGtotal (if 20%
falls on part of the generation of a unit, the generation of that unit is fully included in
the calculation) (SET20%) and determine their annual electricity generation (AEGSET20%, in MWh);

(g) From SET5-units and SET20% select the set of power units that comprises the larger

annual electricity generation (SETsample);


Identify the date when the power units in SETsample started to supply electricity to the grid. If
none of the power units in SETsample started to supply electricity to the grid more than 10 years
ago, then use SETsample to calculate the build margin.
In India, the installed capacity and corresponding annual generation from power plants is quite
high. The Central Electricity Authority (CEA) has estimated the annual electricity generation
from SET20% to be larger than the generation from SET5-units. The details of same can be
found on CEA website. Further, none of the power units in SET20% started to supply
electricity to the grid more than 10 years ago.
Therefore, SETsample is selected as SET20% for the estimation of
build margin.
The build margin emissions factor is the generation-weighted average emission factor
(tCO2/MWh) of all power units m during the most recent year y for which power generation
data is available, calculated as follows:
EFgrid,B =
M,
y
EGm,y
=
EFEL, m, =
M
=
y
Y
=

Build margin CO2 emission factor in year y (tCO2 / MWh)


Net quantity of electricity generated and delivered to the grid by power unit m in
year y
(MWh)
CO2 emission factor of power unit m in year y (tCO2 / MWh)
Power units included in the build margin
Most recent historical year for which electricity generation data is available

Calculations for the Build Margin emission factor EFgrid, BM, y is based on the most recent
information available on the plants already built for sample group m at the time of PDD
submission. The sample group m consists of the power plant capacity additions in the electricity
system that comprise 20 % of the system generation and that have been built most recently
(SET20%).

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Step 6: Calculate the combined margin emissions factor


The calculation of the combined margin (CM) emission factor (EFgrid,CM,y) is based
on one of the following methods:
(a) Weighted average CM; or
(b) Simplified CM.

The weighted average CM method (option A) should be used as the


preferred option. The combined margin emissions factor is calculated as
follows:
EFgrid,B
EF
M,ygrid,O
w
M,y
OM
wBM

=
=
=
=

Build margin CO2 emission factor in year y (tCO2/MWh)


Operating margin CO2 emission factor in year y
Weighting
of operating margin emissions factor (%)
(tCO2/MWh)
Weighting of build margin emissions factor (%)

The following default values should be used for wOM


and wBM:
-

Wind and solar power generation project activities: wOM = 0.75 and wBM = 0.25
(owing to their intermittent and non-dispatchable nature) for the first crediting period
and for subsequent crediting periods.
All other projects: wOM = 0.5 and wBM = 0.5 for the first crediting period, and wOM =
0.25 and wBM =
0.75 for the second and third crediting period, unless otherwise specified in the
approved
methodology which refers to this tool.

As mentioned before, the CEA has calculated the baseline emission factors for various
regional grids in India according to the formulas specified above. As this is the most authentic
information available in the public domain. The baseline emission factor used in the
calculation of baseline emissions for the proposed project activity is being referred from the
same for transparency and conservativeness13.
Leakage
According to ACM0002 Version 12.3.0, no leakage emissions are considered. The main
emissions potentially giving rise to leakage in the context of electric sector projects are
emissions arising due to activities such as power plant construction and upstream emissions
from fossil fuel use (e.g. extraction, processing, transport). These emissions sources are
neglected.
Emission
Reductions
Emission reductions are calculated as
follows: ERy = BEy - PEy
Where:
ERy
BEy
PEy

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= Emission reductions in year y (t


= Baseline
CO2e/yr)emissions in year y (t CO2/yr)
= Project emissions in year y (t CO2e/yr)

7. Environmental and social impact


Non-technical executive summary:
commended actions in lay language.

concisely discusses

significant

findings

and

Policy, legal, and administrative framework: discusses the policy, legal, and administrative
framework within which the Assessment is carried out, including host country regulations,
including obligations implementing relevant international social and environmental treaties,
agreements, and conventions, the international standards applied to the project, as well as any
additional priorities and objectives for social or environmental performance identified by the
buyer/project sponsor. Explains the environmental requirements of any co-financiers.
Project description: concisely describes the proposed project and its geographic, ecological,
social, health and temporal context, including any additional project components that may be
required (e.g. dedicated pipelines, access roads, power plants, water supply, housing, and raw
material and product storage facilities). Encompasses facilities and activities by third parties that
are essential for the successful operation of the project. Normally includes maps showing the
project site and the project's area of influence.
Baseline data: assesses the dimensions of the study area and describes relevant physical,
biological, socioeconomic, health and labor conditions, including any changes anticipated before
the project commences. Also takes into account current and proposed development
activities within the project area but not directly connected to the project. Data should be relevant
to decisions about project location, design, operation, or mitigation measures. The section indicates
the accuracy, reliability, and sources of the data.
Environmental and Social impacts: predicts and assesses the project's likely positive and
negative impacts, in quantitative terms to the extent possible. Identifies mitigation measures and
any residual negative impacts that cannot be mitigated. Explores opportunities for
enhancement. Identifies and estimates the extent and quality of available data, key data gaps, and
uncertainties associated with predictions, and specifies topics that do not require further attention.
Evaluates impacts and risks from associated facilities and other third party activities. Examines
global, transboundary, and cumulative impacts as appropriate.
Analysis of Alternatives: compares reasonable alternatives to the proposed project
site, technology, design, and operation in terms of their potential environmental and social impacts;
the feasibility of mitigating these impacts; their capital and recurrent costs; their suitability under
local conditions; and their institutional, training, and monitoring requirements. States the basis for
selecting the particular project design proposed and justifies recommended emission levels,
including where relevant for greenhouse gases, and approaches to pollution prevention
and abatement.
Management Program: consists of the set of mitigation and management measures to be
taken during implementation of the project to avoid, reduce, mitigate, or remedy for adverse social
and environmental impacts, in the order of priority, and their timelines. May include multiple
policies, procedures, practices, and management plans and actions. Describes the desired outcomes
as measurable events to the extent possible, such as performance indicators, targets or
acceptance criteria that can be tracked over defined time periods, and indicates the resources,
including budget, and
responsibilities
required for implementation. Where the
buyer/project sponsor identifies measures and actions necessary for the project to comply with
applicable laws and regulations and to meet the international standards applied to the project, the
management program will include an Action Plan, which is subject to disclosure to the affected
communities and on-going reporting and updating.
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Analysis of environmental impacts

As per the notification from MoEF dated September 14, 200616 and its amendment
notification S.O. - 3067(E) dated 1/12/2009, the list of project activities which require prior
environmental clearance is stipulated. This does not include the proposed project activity as it
involves solar power generation. Hence the proposed project activity does not require any
Environmental impact analysis.

Environmental impact assessment

As discussed above, the project activity would not have any significant environmental
impacts. It does not result in emissions of GHGs and other gases i.e. SO2 and NOx common
in conventional power generation sources.

Social well being

The project activity shall contribute towards generating employment opportunities for
the local inhabitants during the installation and operation of the project activity.
The project will lead to development of the road and telecommunication network and
improvement in the local infrastructure that would boost the development and social up
liftmen of the region.

Economic well-being
The project activity would improve the grid frequency and availability of electricity to
the local consumers which would further provide opportunities for industries and
economic activities to be setup in the area resulting in greater local employment and
overall development of the region.
Environmental well being

The project activity would reduce emission of CO2 and other pollutants compared with
fuel-fired power plant.
As solar PV power plants do not produce any end products in the form of solid waste
(ash etc.), they address the problem of solid waste disposal encountered by most other
sources of power.

Technological well being

The project activity has high explicability potential and can therefore promote
technological self reliance in India.

The project activity would generate electricity through a technology that is


environmentally safe and sound.

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8. Operation and maintenance

Plant monitoring
Daily analysis and evaluation of operational plant data through remote monitoring
Plausibility test of current yield and weather data
Energy meter value management
Service hotline Mo.-Fr. 8:00h - 17:00h
Preventive maintenance
Preventive inspection and maintenance of system components according to manufacturers
specifications
Documentation of events and measures
Provision of small parts and operating material
Conduction of regulatory tests according to technical standards
Fault detection and analysis
Function check after fault message is received
Immediate start of fault removal measures
Long-term trend analysis
Management of repairs and claims
Analysis of interruptions and incidents
Supply chain management for spare parts i.e. modules, inverters, cabling and mechanical
components
Documentation and data management (KPIs)
Documentation of plant energy output and system availability
Electronic plant logbook
Detailed information about main events and measures
Customer Reports on a quarterly and/or yearly basis

Warranty and service management


Monitoring and tracking of warranty rights
Support with insurance cases
Coordination and managing of external (i.e. 3rd party) service providers
Facility management
Maintenance of vegetation
Implementation of official requirements for technical operation
Module cleaning (optional)

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