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Prepared by L.B. Sonnenberg, Ph.D. Research Professor of Chemistry, Millar Wilson Lab at Jacksonville University
Prepared for Melissa Long, P.E. Water Facilities Administrator, Fla. Dept. of Environ. Protection
Date: June 5, 2010
Introduction
The purpose of this review is to summarize and evaluate the steps taken by Georgia-Pacific to improve
effluent quality within the manufacturing process. Emphasis is placed on the reduction of conductivity
and color. The information is compiled from the following GP reports:
a.
b.
c.
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saltcake in the Putnam County landfill, disposing of it on site, and by the application of a chloride
removal process (CRP).
GP concludes that the amount of sewered saltcake is now so low (11 t/day), disposing of it elsewhere
would reduce conductivity by only about 150 umhos. Rice Creek conductivity limits could still not be met
thus none of the options was cost-effective. In the following discussion, unresolved issues are addressed
that may affect the cost-benefit analysis.
The composition of the ESP catch from 2002/2003 was used in the analysis of marketing options by S.
Makris (2004) and S. Banerjee (2009 to determine whether the product met different industry
specifications (mainly detergent, glass, textiles, and pulp and paper). These samples predated all of the
brownstock washer upgrades and oxygen delignification, among many more minor modifications that
might be expected to affect purity. Limited composition data for ESP catch from 2009 was provided by
GP (GP response to L. Sonnenberg 2009) which indicates substantial change in composition, including
much higher calcium and magnesium levels than previously reported for 2002/2003 data. Typical ESP
catch composition for O2D ClO2 mills is not readily available but the values reported for an unspecified
mill (TAPPI 80(6): 154 (1997)) are quite different with substantially less calcium (90 ppm vs 28,000 ppm
for Palatka), magnesium (30 ppm vs 13,600 ppm for Palatka), and iron (70 ppm vs 142 ppm for Palatka).
To market saltcake, levels of some metals, chloride, moisture, and particle size specifications are
particularly critical. However, few of those constituents were reported in the updated ESP catch
analysis. Levels of chloride, moisture, bicarbonate were not reported, nor particle size distributions so
feasible disposal options for current ESP catch cannot be evaluated. However, a 0.7% chloride level in
the chemical recovery system was mentioned in Request for Additional Information Regarding
Facility Optimization Report (5/30/2008) in discussions of the CRP process, but no other data were
provided that corresponds to that value; a 7% as NaCl (4% as Cl) value was reported for the 2002/2003
precipitator catch analyses. It is unclear if the current catch is 0.7% Cl (1.2% as NaCl) and how that
relates to marketability because the Makris saltcake marketing report indicated that a 1.2% NaCl level
would be acceptable to P&G. Another marketing analysis including a full chemical analysis of the current
catch composition may be appropriate if the 7% reduction in conductivity is deemed significant and
useful.
The CRP process is typically used to increase chemical makeup purity so that recovery operations and
chemical usage are more efficient. By removing chloride and potassium from the low quality ESP catch
using the CRP process, the ESP saltcake could be used in the pulping process leaving the high quality
ClO2 saltcake to be marketed. Purification of the ESP catch to the point where it is marketable to pulp
mills, may also be an option, as suggested in the internal memo from J.W. Brown to Mike Curtis
6/18/09. Alternative treatments to CRP to purify ESP catch to improve its marketability were not
addressed. As with other options, CRP was judged infeasible. The low chloride content of the chemical
recovery system at Palatka (see above) was cited as one reason that CRP is a poor option since purging
for chloride was already minimal. While the saltcake composition used in the CRP analysis appears to be
inaccurate for the current Palatka ESP catch (e.g., 20% carbonate), the final conclusion that conductivity
is not reduced enough to warrant the cost would not be affected.
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Rice Creek sample sites that benefit from dilution from tributaries and wetlands were not sampled so
the status of the creek with respect to water quality standards is not completely addressed. The
reference sites may also be sufficiently different from the tidally-influenced Rice Creek so that other
reference sites might be more appropriate.
Summary
Extensive process changes in the mill have not produced effluent with a high enough quality to meet
FDEP standards particularly for conductivity and color. Removal of purge saltcake from the waste stream
will result in an approximate 7% reduction in conductivity with the current saltcake cycle, insufficient to
meet standards. Conductivity sources other than sewered precipitator catch were not extensively
investigated, nor were options for the minimization of different sources addressed. Because monitoring
was restricted to the discharge canal, which does not meet WQS for conductivity and color, compliance
for the rest of Rice Creek is not addressed in the monitoring report.
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