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LEARNING WIT H BLOCK DIAGRAM ON HOW BASICALLY

CELL- PHONE WORKS?
SUNDAY, APRIL 25, 2010

KIM

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How basically Cell-phone works?

In this lesson we are going to take a brief familiarization of a typical block diagram of a
cellphone. Block Diagram can help us understand the flow of a certain part of a cellphone's
circuit.
A Cell-phone handset is basically composed of two
sections, which is RF and Baseband Sections.
RF
RF refers to radio frequency, the mode of communication for wireless technologies of all kinds,
including cordless phones, radar, ham radio, GPS, and radio and television broadcasts. RF technology
is so much a part of our lives we scarcely notice it for its ubiquity. From baby monitors to cell phones,
Bluetooth to
remote control toys, RF waves are all around us. RF waves are electromagnetic waves which propagate
at the speed of light, or 186,000 miles per second (300,000 km/s). The frequencies of RF waves,
however,
are slower than those of visible light, making RF waves invisible to the human eye.

Baseband
In signal processing, baseband describes signals and systems whose range of frequencies is measured
from zero to a maximum bandwidth or highest signal frequency. It is sometimes used as a noun for a
band of frequencies starting at zero.
In telecommunications, it is the frequency range occupied by a message signal prior to
modulation. It can be considered as a synonym to low-pass.
Baseband is also sometimes used as a general term for part of the physical components of a wireless
communications product. Typically, it includes the control circuitry (microprocessor), the power

supply, and amplifiers.

A baseband processor is an IC that is mainly
used in a mobile phone to process
communication

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Basically Baseband also composed of to sections which is the Analog and Digital Processing
Sections. So, we are going to separate each other for better and easier to understand.
Cell-phone have three different sections which is the following.
I prepare this to be simple and easy instead of using or explaining it with deep technical terms .
In this manner, it is easy for us to understand the concepts and methods of how basically the
cellphone works.
Cell-phone have three sections since baseband is differentiated by into two which is the Analog and
Digital function while the RF section remains as a whole circuit section.. which is the following cosists.
1. Radio Frequency (RF Section)
2. The Analog Baseband Processor
3. And the Digital Baseband Processor.

Radio Frequency
Processing Section
The RF section is the part of the
cell-phone circuit is also known
as RF Transceiver.
It is the section that transmit and
receive certain frequency to a
network and synchronize to
other
phone.

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The RF - A
radio section
is based on
two main
Circuits.
1 Transmitter
2 Reciever

A simple mobile phone uses these two circuits to correspond to an other

mobile phone. A

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Transmitter is a circuit or device which is used to transmit radio signals in the air.and a reciever is simply
like radios which are used to recieve transmissions(Radiation) which is spread in the air by any
transmitter on a specific frequency.
The two way communication is made possible by setting two transmitters and two recievers sycronized
in this form that a trasmitter in a cell phone is syncronised with the frequency of other cell phone's
recieving frequency same like the transmitter of second cell phone is syncronised with the recieving
frequency of first cell phone. So first cell phone transmits its radiation in the air while the other phone
listens it and same process is present in the opposit side. so these hand held two cell phones
correspond to one another.
the technology used in these days is a little bit different but it is based on the basic theory
prescribed before. the today's technology will be discussed in later on.

Analog Baseband
Processor
A/D and D/A section
The analog baseband
processing section is composed
of different types of circuits.
This section converts and
process the analog to digital
(A/D) signals and digital to analog
signals (D/A).
Control section
This is the section acts as the
controller of the the input and
output of any analog and digital
signal.
Power Management
A power management section in mobile phones is designed to handle energy matters that is consumed
in mobile phones. There are two main sub sections in a single power section.
Power Distribution and switching section

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 Charging Section
A power distribution section is designed to distribute desired Voltages and currenst to the other
sections of a phone. this section takes power from a battery (which is figured commonly 3.6 Volts)and
in some places it converts or step down to various volts like 2.8 V 1.8V 1.6V etc.while on other place it
also
steps up the voltage like 4.8 V. this section is commonly designed around a power IC(and
integrated circuit) which is used to distribute and regulate the voltage used in other components.
The Charging section is based on a charging IC which takes power from an external source and gives it
to battery to make it again power up when it is exhausted. this section uses convertibly 6.4 V from an
external battery charger and regulates it to 5.8V wile giving it to battery. The battery is made charged by
this process and it is ready to use for the next session (a battery session is a time which is provided by
the manufacturer of a cell phone for standby by condition of a mobile phone or talk condition.)
Audio Codecs Section
This section where analog and digital audio properties being process like the microphone,
earpiece speaker headset and ring-tones and also the vibrator circuits.

Digital Baseband
Processor
This is the part where All
Application being process.
Digital Baseband Processor
section is used in mobile phones
to handle data input and ouput
signal like switching, driving
applications commands and
memory accessing and
executing.
These are the parts and sections
o a Digital Baseband Circuit were
installed.
CPU
CPU( Centeral Processing Unit)
The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is responsible for interpreting and executing most of the commands
from the users interface. It is often called the "brains" of the microprocessor, central processor, "the

brains of
the

computer
"

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Flash and Memory Storage Circuits

*RAM( Random Access Memory)
*ROM,Flash(Read Only Memory
Interfaces such as the following were also part on this section:
*Blutooth
*Wi-fi
*Camera
*Screen Display
*Keypads
*USB
*SIM-Card

Here a typical overview of a block diagram on latest mobile phone designs.

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Various mobile phones have different concepts and design on every aspects, but the methods and
operational flow are all exactly the same. It differs on how and what certain IC chips and parts they
are
being used and installed to a certain mobile phone circuitry.

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