Annotated Bibliography

Primary Sources

Books
Dulles, Allen. The Craft of Intelligence. New York: Harper, 1963. Print.
This was one of the books that Allen Dulles wrote, and this one spoke mainly about the
art of intelligence. This book did not have much about Dulles early life or even his personal life
but it did give some information on his intelligence gathering missions. The OSS mission Dulles
did in Bern did come up quite oftenly in the book, it spoke of the ways he conducted his research
of the area and his missions that he carried out, one such as the Secret Surrender.

Letters and Documents

Jessup, Philip C. Letter. CIA Letter. CIA, n.d. Web. 2 Dec. 2014.
<http://www.foia.cia.gov/sites/default/files/document_conversions/5829/CIARDP80B01676R003800100024-6.pdf>.
These were the letters from Allen Dulles to Philip Jessup about the CIA, it had letters
about governmental issues, and casual letters about everyday life. This came from the CIA site,
but I didnt get much information from the letters.

Andrew Zhao ~ Junior Division

Bibliography p. 1

Todays Document. Dr. Greg Bradsher, n.d. Web. 1 Dec. 2014.

<http://todaysdocument.tumblr.com/post/35344948105/allen-dulles-and-no-23herrengasse-bern>.
This was an article from book called The Text Message, Allen Dulles and No. 23
Herrengasse, Bern Switzerland, 1942-1945, and had some other quotes in it from Mary
Bancrofts Autobiography of a spy. This answered the question how Dulles showed leadership
in his OSS station, where he fought against Germany silently as a spy gathering information
from corrupt Germans or their allies.This was a reliable source, because it is based on a couple
book's facts, one written by Bancroft-who was there in Switzerland with Dulles at the time.

Photographs

"Admiral Sidney Souers." Noufors. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Jan. 2015.

<http://www.noufors.com/majestic_12.htm>.
This was a picture of Admiral Sidney Souers, who was the first DCI of the CIA under
President Truman in 1945.

"Allen and Clover Dulles." 3 Quarks Daily. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Jan. 2015.
<http://3quarksdaily.blogs.com/3quarksdaily/page/40/>.
This is a picture of Allen and Clover Dulles at their wedding. I used this image for my
Early Life page because it depicted Allens final introduction into adulthood, and it was one of
the last events to happen before he started his path down the intelligence line.

Andrew Zhao ~ Junior Division

Bibliography p. 2

"Allen Dulles." Wikipedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Jan. 2015.

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Allen_w_dulles.jpg>.
This picture was taken when Allen Dulles was the DCI. I used this picture in the Gallery
to show Allen Dulles and his life achievements.

"Allen Dulles." Consortium. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Jan. 2015.

<https://consortiumnews.com/2013/06/06/how-wall-st-bailed-out-the-nazis/>.
This is a picture of Allen Dulles when he was a CIA director. Although Allen Dulles was
remembered harshly in the world, the CIA recognized underneath all the harsh and brutal
operations he has done, his legacy left a tremendous impact on the world today.

"Allen Dulles CIA Membership." Gizmodo. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Jan. 2015.
<http://www.gizmodo.com.au/2011/02/
tools-of-tradecraft-the-cia%E2%80%99s-historic-spy-kit/>.
This is the CIA Membership ID card and proves Allen Dulles position in the CIA. This
was taken when he was the DCI.

"Allen and John Foster Dulles." Conjugando. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Jan. 2015.
<http://tonyfdez.blogspot.com/2014/09/
el-estado-profundo-y-su-propietario.html>.
This is a picture of John Foster Dulles and Allen Dulles, John and Allen were known to
be a great influence to the United States and even to the world.

Andrew Zhao ~ Junior Division

Bibliography p. 3

"Allen Welsh Dulles." Library of Congress. Government, n.d. Web. 16 Jan. 2015.
<http://cdn.loc.gov/service/pnp/cph/3b20000/3b29000/3b29700/3b29712r.jpg>.
This image is of Allen Dulles when he was a young man. This was used in my Early Life
page to illustrate Dulles life, and their time period.

"Allen Dulles House." Library of Congress. Government, n.d. Web. 16 Jan. 2015.
<http://cdn.loc.gov/service/pnp/gsc/5a22000/5a22300/5a22321r.jpg>.
This was a photo of Allen Dulles House in Lloyd Neck, Huntington, Long Island. This
was the house he was born in so I used this photo for my Early Life page.

"Certificate of Operation Ajax." Amervets. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Jan. 2015.

<http://www.amervets.com/ops/opajax.htm>.
This was the certificate of success for Operation Ajax, one of Dulles more easy
operations. The CIA led the coup resulting in the overthrowing of Mohammed Mossedegh.

"CIA." Jobbook. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Jan. 2015. <http://news.jobbook.com/2013/

06/c-i-a-to-get-first-woman-in-no-2-job/>.
This was the photo of the CIA symbol on the Homepage, I put it there to mark Allen
Dulles transition from the OSS to the CIA.

Andrew Zhao ~ Junior Division

Bibliography p. 4

"General Walter Bedell Smith." Truman Library. Government, n.d. Web. 20 Jan.
2015. <http://www.trumanlibrary.org/photographs/view.php?id=21290>.
This was the photo of General Walter Bedell Smith, whom Allen Dulles worked under as
the Deputy Director of Plans, and when Smith stepped down, Dulles was his successor. General
Walter Smith was infamous director who valued strict order over calm to organize the CIA.
When Dulles became the DCI, the agents were greatly relieved and the CIA became more
efficient.

"Herrengasse 23." Muga Blog. RSS, n.d. Web. 20 Jan. 2015.

<http://www.muenstergass.ch/blog/?p=3163>.
Picture of the house Dulles lived in at Bern, Switzerland for Operation Sunrise. Dulles
used that house to usher in many spies, corrupt Germans, and allies of the United States. It was
there that Dulles conducted most of his intelligence gathering from Karl Wolff, a German
general. Karl arranged the Secret Surrender with Dulles in Herrengasse 23.

"JFK and Dulles." Pinterest. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Jan. 2015.

<https://www.pinterest.com/pin/194428908887446445/>.
This photo was of JFK and CIA directors Allen Dulles and John McCone. Dulles and JFK
had a long history together, even in death, when Dulles was a member of the Warren Commision.

Andrew Zhao ~ Junior Division

Bibliography p. 5

"Lockheed U-2." CGEXPERIENCE. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Jan. 2015.

<http://www.cgexperience.com/referenceimages/military/aircraft/modern/usa/
LockheedU-2>.
This photo of the Lockheed a more modernized version and much improved from the
ones in 1955. The Lockheed carried the legacy of Clarence Kelly Johnson, who was prehaps
the best plane-maker of the 20th century.

"Lockheed U-2." War Archives. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Jan. 2015.

<http://wararchive.blogspot.com/2010/03/
u-2-spy-plane-evades-day-of-retirement.html>.
This photo was of the Lockheed U-2 which was an essential part of most intelligence
gathering missions. The Lockheed U-2 was first funded by Allen Dulles and the CIA and then
was used for intelligence gathering missions later in the CIAs history. The Lockheed flew too
high to be struck down by anti-aircraft guns and missiles. It was out of the reach of enemies for 3
and a half years after it was built until the infamous Gary Powers incident.

"Mohammed Mossadegh." Wikipedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Jan. 2015.

<http://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/ %D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF
%D9%87:Mohammed_Mossadegh_in_middle_age.jpg>.
This is a picture of Mohammed Mossadegh, who was the first democraticly elected
president of Iran. He was later overthrown by the CIA and was sent for a lifetime sentence in
prison.

Andrew Zhao ~ Junior Division

Bibliography p. 6

"OSS." Global Security. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Jan. 2015.

<http://www.globalsecurity.org/intell/systems/jmcis.htm>.
This was the symbol of the OSS, the Office of Strategic Services, which Allen Dulles was
part of for a number of years during World War II. Dulles worked for the OSS during his time in
Bern, Switzerland. The OSS is remembered well as Americas first intelligence service.

"OSS Membership." David Icke. David, n.d. Web. 23 Jan. 2015.

<http://davidicke.pl/forum/nwo-to-prawda-t6595.html>.
This is a picture of Allen Dulles on the OSS membership card, during Dulles time with
the OSS he has helped in Bern, gathering intelligence on the Germans.

"Richard Helms." Wikipedia. Wikipedia, n.d. Web. 20 Jan. 2015.

<http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Helms>.
This is a picture of Richard Helms, a CIA Director after Dulles.

"V-E Day." Wikipedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Jan. 2015. <http://en.wikipedia.org/

wiki/File:V-E-Day_Stars_and_Stripes_No_285_Paris_8_May_1945.JPG>.
This is a newspaper of the V-E Day celebration in America announcing the defeat of the
Germans and what was its effect across the world. Europeans remember this day well because it
was the day where the Germans laid down their weapons and surrendered bringing much more
hope in the World War.

Andrew Zhao ~ Junior Division

Bibliography p. 7

"V-E Day Celebration." Charity UK News. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Jan. 2015.
<https://femaleimagination.wordpress.com/2011/05/08/google-celebrates-ve-day-with-tinypoppy/>.
This is a drawing of the celebration in Great Britain about V-E day (Victory in Europe). It
illustrates the joy people felt when the Germans finally surrendered.

Interviews

Weiner, Tim. Legacy of Ashes: History of the CIA. NPR. NPR, n.d. Web. 28 Nov. 2014.
<http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=11843611>.
This was an interview between Weiner and a reporter about Weiners book, it was
broadcasted over NPR and gave information about Dulles failures in the CIA.

"How Two Brothers Waged a Secret World War." Perf. Stephen Kinzer. NPR. Hosted
by Arun Rath. NPR. 29 Sept. 2013. Radio.
This was an interview between Stephen Kinzer who wrote a book called The Brothers
about Allen Dulles and his brother John Foster Dulles. It spoke of how the Dulles brothers
affected history and their role in the political world.

Andrew Zhao ~ Junior Division

Bibliography p. 8

Videos

U-2's First Flight. Lockheed Martin. Lockheed, n.d. Web. 28 Jan. 2015.
<http://www.lockheedmartin.com/us/100years/stories/u2.html>.
This is a video of the U-2 spy planes first flight, on August 1, 1955, the U-2 set off to
plane in an new era of intelligence and the way it was gathered.

Andrew Zhao ~ Junior Division

Bibliography p. 9

Secondary Sources

Websites

Allen Dulles. Source Watch, n.d. Web. 28 Nov. 2014.

<http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Allen_Dulles>.
This site took information off of other sites and books, one such site was CNN. I believe
the books and sites information is reliable because they come from well-written and reliable
sites. This site answered questions about Operation Sunrise, and when and how it took place.
This site also gave background on Dulles early life, and the basics of his entire career.

"An Anti-Democracy Foreign Policy: Iran." 911 Review. Ed. Jacob G. Hornberger.
N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Jan. 2015. <http://www.911review.com/precedent/
century/ajax.html>.
This website was about Operation Ajax, where Dulles and Roosevelt toppled the Iranian
Government. I used a quote from this website, and thought it can be useful for showing a side of
Dulles ruthlessness.

Britannica. Britannica, n.d. Web. 16 Dec. 2014.

<http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/173365/Allen-W-Dulles>.
This site is a encyclopedia site that contains information on the early life and career of
Allen Dulles. It helped on the missions that he did, but gave no information on his
personal life.

Andrew Zhao ~ Junior Division

Bibliography p. 10

CIA. CIA, n.d. Web. 25 Nov. 2014. <https://www.cia.gov/news-information/featured-storyarchive/allen-dulles-becomes-dci.html>.

This site was by far the most useful, in finding information, basic or complex about
Dulles life. It started with how Allen Dulles first came into the democratic service and his
promotion to the Chief of the CIA.

Hall, Jason, and Amanda Latham, eds. Cold War. Cold War Museum, n.d. Web. 15 Dec.
2014. <http://www.coldwar.org/articles/50s/OperationAjax.asp>.
This site is the official site of the Cold War Museum, and was researched by a high
school student named Amanda Latham. The information contained inside, is well written but
vague, not a very good informational page but had lots of basic facts about Dulles role in the
Operation Ajax.

Herrengasse. Wikipedia, n.d. Web. 1 Dec. 2014.

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herrengasse_23_(Bern)#Allen_Dulles>.
Even though Wikipedia is not the most trustworthy of sites, I thought it was pretty
interesting, it contained some of the facts that some books had, and a bit extra. This was a site on
the house that Allen Dulles lived in during his time in Bern, and also went into detail about the
important events that happened at Herrengasse.

Andrew Zhao ~ Junior Division

Bibliography p. 11

Hickman, Kennedy. U-2 Planes. Military history. About Education, n.d. Web. 7 Dec. 2014.
<http://militaryhistory.about.com/od/militaryaircraft/p/lockheed-u-2.htm>.
This site is full of information about the U-2 planes, the creation and the first flight. It is
written by a Military history expert too, so Id expect most of it to be accurate. This had good
information about why Dulles and the CIA chose to fund the plane, how the plane helped in the
war and how it gave the United States an edge against the Soviet Union. There are some basic
information about the planes design, and lots of information about the planes creation and its
creator, Clarence Kelly Johnson.

"History" ["V-E Day"]. History. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Jan. 2015.

<http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/
v-e-day-is-celebrated-in-american-and-britain>.
This website is very helpful in learning about V-E Day, which was when German soldiers
in Europe all surrendered to the Allies. Dulles secret surrender was said to have been a key factor
in that day, starting with meeting Karl Wolff, to the both of them agreeing that Germany should
surrender after Hitler's suicide.

Iran Coup. Wikipedia, n.d. Web. 3 Dec. 2014.

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1953_Iranian_coup_d
%27%C3%A9tat#Execution_of_Operation_Ajax>.
This website gave the basics of the Iranian coup that Kermit Roosevelt led against the
corrupted Iranian government. The CIA assisted Roosevelt with the mission and succeeded by
overthrowing Muhammad Mossadeq, the dictator who was legitimately elected. This coup led to
hostile feelings from the Iranians, who still are cautious of the US.

Andrew Zhao ~ Junior Division

Bibliography p. 12

Kerry Patton. Kerry Patton, 14 July. 2013. Web. 2 Dec. 2014.

<http://kerry-patton.com/allen-dulles-spy-or-traitor/>.
This was a online article that Kerry Patton wrote. It had to do with whether Allen Dulles
was a traitor of not. This helped me on my counter argument and it greatly improved the view on
his unique leadership qualities. I believe this is a reliable site because she has written many
books about spies and is said to be a expert on intelligence.

Lockheed Martin. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Dec. 2014.

<http://www.lockheedmartin.com/us/100years/stories/u2.html>.
This site had a lot of information about the Lockheed U-2. I believe this is reliable
because it is the official site and has lots of uncommon but good information that other sites
backed up. This site even had videos on the first launch of the U-2 plane and also had careers and
info on how to be an employee of Lockheed. I learned of how Dulles first found the Lockheed
existed and why they needed it in the first place.

Majestic Document. Majestic Document, n.d. Web. 28 Nov. 2014.

<http://www.majesticdocuments.com/personnel/dulles.php>.
The Majestic Documents had Dulles early life and career all written out, it went into great
detail why Dulles decided to join the CIA. I think this is a reliable website because it was a site
on UFOs and Dulles has been known to be involved with sky and space technology. To be safe,
I didnt use much of the information it gave.

Andrew Zhao ~ Junior Division

Bibliography p. 13

Spartacus Educational. John Simkin, n.d. Web. 25 Nov. 2014. <http://spartacuseducational.com/USAdullesA.htm>.

This was a site about Dulles early career in law. It later went into detail about the CIA,
and was somewhat helpful in that topic. It had information about all of Dulles important missions
and also gave many quotes. I thought this was a reliable site because it took information off of
Dulles own book and other biographies of Dulles.

Kinzer, Stephan. "Stephan Kinzer." Stephan Kinzer. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Jan. 2015.
<http://dummy.stephenkinzer.com/>.
This is a website I used to try to get an interview, Stephan Kinzer wrote a book on
Allen and Foster Dulles, on it the site contains plenty of other interviews and information
about the Dulles brothers.

The National Security Archives. The George Washington University, n.d. Web. 2 Dec. 2014.
<http://www2.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB4/>.
This website to understand my topic better because it gave primary sources about some of
Dulles most important missions and his role in them was explained through the documents.

US History. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Nov. 2014. <http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h3737.html>.

This was one of the best sites for me, because it was a starting site and had info on Dulles
early life, early career, later career, and personal life. I believe this is reliable because it is a
history site and had many other history topics. This site mainly covered the highlights of Dulles
life, his failures and his successes in the CIA.

Andrew Zhao ~ Junior Division

Bibliography p. 14

Weapons and Warfare. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Dec. 2014. <http://weaponsandwarfare.com/?

p=488>.
This was a site about Operation Sunrise, when Dulles was still in OSS and was spying on
Germany in Switzerland. I think this site was reliable because it had information about
almost every great spy mission or war.

Wise, David. A Patrician for the CIA. NY Times [New York] 11 Dec. 1994: n. pag. NY
Times. Web. 9 Dec. 2014. <http://www.nytimes.com/1994/12/11/books/a-patrician-for-thecia.html>.
This was a book that had the first few chapters printed on newspaper. It was about
whether Allen Dulles was really a patriot or a traitor to his country. This is a reliable site because
it is a widely read newspaper (The New York Times) and has had a good reputation for many
years.

Newspaper

Mankiewicz, Frank, and Tom Braden. "Allen Dulles Is Praised as Conservative

Liberal." Spokane Daily Chronicle [Spokane] 4 Feb. 1969: 4. Print.
This newspaper gave some insight on Dulles leadership, and how unique it is.
Sometimes it can be cruel, such as assassinating Jacobo Arbenz, and sometimes its less harsh.
This Article taught me a lot and the information could be used as an example of his legacy in the
CIA.

Andrew Zhao ~ Junior Division

Bibliography p. 15

"Secret History of the OSS." Palm Beach Post Times [Palm Beach] 6 Aug. 1972,
G2:n. pag. Google News. Web. 24 Jan. 2015. <http://news.google.com/newspapers?
nid=1964&dat=19720806&id=jTxHAAAAIBAJ&sjid=zSwNAAAAIBAJ&pg=1211,257249
4>.
This newspaper showed a transcript of a book called OSS The Secret History of
Americas First Central Intelligence Agency written by R. Harris Smith. It had the early history
of the OSS, including William Donovans rise to the top of the agency, where he began the first
intelligence service of the United States.

Dolmer, Sefton. "Master Spy Helped Put Nation Back on Is Feet." The Age
[Melbourne] 4 Oct. 1961: 19. Google News. Web. 26 Jan. 2015.
<http://news.google.com/ newspapers?
nid=1300&dat=19611004&id=bL9VAAAAIBAJ&sjid=57wDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6755,308918
>.
This was a newspaper that I found that contained useful information on the operation in
Germany and Switzerland. It showed how some intelligence officers of the British managed to
take the German Intelligence for themselves. I used this newspaper to verify Dulles role in
Switzerland and his role in the OSS.

Pearson, Drew. "Washington Merry-Go-Round." The Southeast Missourian

[Missouri]29 Nov. 1952: 6. Google News. Web. 26 Jan. 2015. <http://news.google.com/
newspapers?
nid=1893&dat=19521129&id=Nw8pAAAAIBAJ&sjid=zNYEAAAAIBAJ&pg=4650,352597
3>.
This newspaper is about three spies that disappeared very suddenly, in one of the
paragraphs it shows that one of the three people worked with Allen Dulles in Switzerland and it
proved some things about information gathering from the corrupt German officers and such.

Andrew Zhao ~ Junior Division

Bibliography p. 16

Books
Strodes, James. Allen Dulles: Master of Spies. Washington DC: Regnery, 1999.
Print.
This book was one of the best references for my website. It had quotes and plenty of
information about Dulles role in the Cold War, and I used much of the information in this book
on the Creation of the CIA page. It had the history from when it was first planned out to how
Allen Dulles was selected as the Director of the CIA by the CIAs own members.

Grose, Peter. Gentleman Spy. New York: Houghton, 1994. Print.

This book was especially helpful in finding Dulles achievements and his hardships
throughout his life. Some of the most useful information was of Dulles and Karl Wolff
attempting to stop the war. It spoke in much greater detail and gave quotes that I used in the OSS
page.

Interviews

Kinzer, Stephan. "The Brothers: Two Men That Shaped American Foreign Policy."
Iranian. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Jan. 2015. <http://iranian.com/posts/
view/post/24099>.
This was an interview between Kinzer and Amini, it speaks about the Dulles brothers role
in Guatemala and in Iran, both of which their governments were overthrown by the brothers.
Kinzer expertly points out Allen and Fosters weaknesses, wrongdoings, and the legacy they left
behind.

Andrew Zhao ~ Junior Division

Bibliography p. 17