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What
What
is a
is a
Satelli
llite?
e?
Satellite?
What Is a Satellite?
A satellite is something that goes around and around a larger something, like the earth
or another planet. Some satellites are natural, like the moon, which is a natural satellite
of the earth. Other satellites are made by scientists and technologists to go around the
earth and do certain jobs.
Some satellites send and receive television signals. The signal is sent from a station on
the earths surface. The satellite receives the signal and rebroadcasts it to other places
on the earth. With the right number of satellites in space, one television program can be
seen all over the world.
Some satellites send and receive telephone, fax, and computer communications.
Satellites make it possible to communicate by telephone, fax, Internet, or computer with
anyone in the world.
Other satellites observe the worlds weather, feeding weather information into giant
computer programs that help scientists know what the weather will be. The weather
reporters on your favorite TV news show get their information from those scientists.
Still other satellites take very accurate pictures of the earths surface, sending back
images that tell scientists about changes that are going on around
the world and about crops, water, and other resources.
Boeing 376
The most powerful commercial satellite in the world is the Boeing 702.
Designed and built by Boeing Satellite Systems, this giant has a
wingspan of nearly 157 feetmore than a Boeing 757 jet plane.
Boeing 702
What Is an Orbit?
When a satellite is launched, it
is placed in orbit around the
earth. The earths gravity
holds the satellite in a certain
path as it goes around the
earth, and that path is called
an "orbit." There are several
kinds of orbits. Here are three
of them.
MEO
LEO
GEO
Boeing 601
Deployed
Stowed
Satellites weigh more at the beginning of life (BOL) in orbit than at the
end. This is because they carry fuel for the thruster engines that keep
them in place in their orbits. As the fuel is used up, the satellite gets
lighter. The average Boeing 601 weighs 3800 pounds (1727 kg) at its
BOL in orbit. Satellites are built to weigh as little as possible, because
lifting a satellite into orbit costs about $15,000 per pound.
Stowed
The typical Boeing 702 is a larger, more powerful satellite. With a 702,
you can put two or three satellites worth of communication electronics
in orbit using one satellite and one launch. When the Boeing 702 is
stowed for launch, it is 23 feet (7 meters) high. When the satellite is
deployed, the solar panels extend to a width of 157 feet (48 meters).
The average Boeing 702 weighs 6505 pounds (2950 kg) at its BOL in orbit.
Some satellites use special electric thrusters called XIPS, short for
xenon ion propulsion system. XIPS fuel is a gas that weighs much
less than ordinary liquid fuel, yet XIPS is ten times more efficient.
Launch Vehicles
SPACE SHUTTLE
United States
LM-4 cutaway
TITAN
China
United States
ARIANE
France
ARIANE
France
DELTA
LONG MARCH
United States
China
PROTON
Russia
Satellites
Antenna
Boeing 601
Reflector
Solar panels
Reflectors
Boeing 376
Antenna
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30 June 2002
What
What
is a
Satelli
llite?
e?
Satellite?