Academic Word List

LEAP: Listening and Speaking
ACADEMIC WORD LIST

You encounter new words every day, but it's sometimes difficult to know which ones are important. You could look at a list of the
most frequent words in English, but this might not give you the support you need for your college or university studies. A graduate
student in New Zealand, Averil Coxhead, considered this problem and developed a comprehensive list of academic words. Her
Academic Word List (AWL) contains 570 word families that can help you with your studies. Each word family is made up of a
headword and related forms.
LEAP: Listening and Speaking features many AWL words, listed below. The word families appear in Column 1, with the headword in bold.
Column 2 points to their use in LEAP: Listening and Speaking or on its Companion Website. Column 3 shows the sublist to which the word
family belongs. The AWL is divided into ten sublists: sublist 1 contains the most common academic words, and sublist 10 contains the least
common. Knowing which sublist a word is in helps you understand how frequently its used. And building a better vocabulary will help you
succeed as a student. Take time to learn the AWL words in LEAP: Listening and Speaking and to explore the full AWL lists at
http://www.victoria.ac.nz/lals/resources/academicwordlist.
ACADEMIC WORD
abandon
abandoned
abandoning
abandonment
abandons
REFERENCE IN LEAP
Ch. 4, p. 63; AS, p. 175
SUBLIST
8
abstract
abstraction
abstractions
abstractly
abstracts
academy
academia
academic
academically
academics
academies
5
Ch. 1, p. 11
ACADEMIC WORD
access
accessed
accesses
accessibility
accessible
accessing
inaccessible
REFERENCE IN LEAP
SUBLIST
4
Ch. 8, p. 142; AS, p. 192
accommodate
accommodated
accommodates
accommodating
accommodation
accompany
accompanied
accompanies
accompaniment
accompanying
unaccompanied

1
Companion Website Plus Student Section
ERPI. Reproduction authorized solely for use with LEAP: Listening and Speaking
Academic Word List
ACADEMIC WORD
REFERENCE IN LEAP
SUBLIST
accumulate
accumulated
accumulating
accumulation
accumulates
accurate
accuracy
accurately
inaccuracy
inaccuracies
inaccurate
achieve
achievable
achieved
achievement
achievements
achieves
achieving
acknowledge
acknowledged
acknowledges
acknowledging
acknowledgement
acknowledgements
acquire
acquired
acquires
acquiring
acquisition
acquisitions
adapt
7
adaptability
adaptable
adaptation
adaptations
adapted
adapting
adaptive
adapts
ACADEMIC WORD
SUBLIST
4
adequate
adequacy
adequately
inadequacies
inadequacy
inadequate
inadequately
adjacent
adjust
Ch. 2, p. 25
REFERENCE IN LEAP
Ch. 5, p. 91
10
5
adjusted
adjusting
adjustment
adjustments
adjusts
readjust
readjusted
readjusting
readjustment
readjustments
readjusts
administrate
administrates
administration
administrations
administrative
administratively
administrator
administrators
adult
adulthood
adults
advocate
advocacy
advocated
advocates
advocating

2
7
Ch. 3, p. 51
Academic Word List
ACADEMIC WORD
affect
REFERENCE IN LEAP
SUBLIST
2
affected
affecting
affective
affectively
affects
unaffected
aggregate
aggregated
aggregates
aggregating
aggregation
aid
aided
aiding
aids
unaided
10
albeit
allocate
allocated
allocates
allocating
allocation
allocations
alter
alterable
alteration
alterations
altered
altering
alternate
alternating
alters
unalterable
unaltered
alternative
alternatively
alternatives
ACADEMIC WORD
SUBLIST
ambiguous
ambiguities
ambiguity
unambiguous
unambiguously
amend
amended
amending
amendment
amendments
amends
analogy
analogies
analogous
analyse
analysed
analyser
analysers
analyses
analysing
analysis
analyst
analysts
analytic
analytical
analytically
analyze
analyzed
analyzes
analyzing
annual
Ch. 6, p. 112; AS, p. 184
REFERENCE IN LEAP
Ch. 2, p. 25
4
annually
anticipate
anticipated
anticipates
anticipating
anticipation
unanticipated

3
Academic Word List
ACADEMIC WORD
REFERENCE IN LEAP
apparent
apparently
Ch. 8, p. 150
SUBLIST
4
append
appendix
appended
appends
appending
appendices
appendixes
appreciate
appreciable
appreciably
appreciated
appreciates
appreciating
appreciation
unappreciated
ACADEMIC WORD
area
appropriate
appropriacy
appropriately
appropriateness
inappropriacy
inappropriate
inappropriately
approximate
approximated
approximately
approximates
approximating
approximation
approximations
areas
assign

4
aspects
assemble
assembled
assembles
assemblies
assembling
assembly
assess
approach
approachable
approached
approaches
approaching
unapproachable
SUBLIST
arbitrary
arbitrariness
arbitrarily
aspect
Ch. 7, p. 125
REFERENCE IN LEAP
10
assessable
assessed
assesses
assessing
assessment
assessments
reassess
reassessed
reassessing
reassessment
unassessed
assigned
assigning
assignment
assignments
assigns
reassign
reassigned
reassigning
reassigns
unassigned
Academic Word List
ACADEMIC WORD
assist
assistance
assistant
assistants
assisted
assisting
assists
unassisted
REFERENCE IN LEAP
SUBLIST
2
assure
attach
attain
attached
attaches
attaching
attachment
attachments
unattached
attainable
attained
attaining
attainment
attainments
attains
unattainable
attitude
attitudes
attribute
attributable
attributed
attributes
attributing
attribution
author
assume
assumed
assumes
assuming
assumption
assumptions
assurance
assurances
assured
assuredly
assures
assuring
ACADEMIC WORD
authored
authoring
authors
authorship
REFERENCE IN LEAP
SUBLIST
4
Ch. 6, p. 103
6
Ch. 8, p. 143
authority
authoritative
authorities
automate
automatic
automated
automates
automating
automatically
automation
8
CW+, Listening B
available
availability
unavailable
aware
awareness
unaware
behalf
benefit

5
1
beneficial
beneficiary
beneficiaries
benefited
benefiting
benefits
Ch. 1, p. 4; AS, p. 163
Academic Word List
ACADEMIC WORD
bias
bond
REFERENCE IN LEAP
biased
biases
biasing
unbiased
bonded
bonding
bonds
SUBLIST
8
cease
challenge
challenged
challenger
challengers
challenges
challenging
Ch. 8, p. 143
6
brief
brevity
briefed
briefing
briefly
briefs
bulk
capacity
capacities
incapacitate
incapacitated
category
categories
categorisation
categorise
categorised
categorises
categorising
categorization
categorized
categorizes
categorizing
REFERENCE IN LEAP
SUBLIST
9
ceased
ceaseless
ceases
ceasing
Ch. 4, p. 69; AS, p. 175
channel
channelled
channelling
channels
chapter
chapters
chart
bulky
capable
capabilities
capability
incapable
ACADEMIC WORD
charted
charting
charts
uncharted
Ch. 5, p. 90
chemical
chemically
chemicals
Ch. 2, p. 25
circumstance
circumstances
cite
citation
citations
cited
citing
cites
civil

6
Academic Word List
ACADEMIC WORD
clarify
classic
REFERENCE IN LEAP
SUBLIST
8
clarification
clarified
clarifies
clarifying
clarity
classical
classics
clause
5
clauses
code
coded
codes
coding
coherent
coherence
coherently
incoherent
incoherently
coincide
coincided
coincides
coinciding
coincidence
coincidences
coincident
coincidental
collapse
collapsed
collapses
collapsible
collapsing
colleague
colleagues
Ch. 7, p. 125
10
10
ACADEMIC WORD
REFERENCE IN LEAP
SUBLIST
commence
commenced
commences
commencement
commencing
recommences
recommenced
recommencing
comment
commentaries
commentary
commentator
commentators
commented
commenting
comments
commission
commissioned
commissioner
commissioners
commissioning
commissions
commit
commitment
commitments
commits
committed
committing
commodity
commodities
communicate
communicable
communicated
communicates
communicating
communication
communications
communicative
communicatively
uncommunicative

7
Academic Word List
ACADEMIC WORD
REFERENCE IN LEAP
SUBLIST
compute
computation
computational
computations
computable
computer
computed
computerised
computers
computing
10
conceive
conceivable
conceivably
conceived
conceives
conceiving
inconceivable
inconceivably
concentrate
concentrated
concentrates
concentrating
concentration
concept
conception
concepts
conceptual
conceptualisation
conceptualise
conceptualised
conceptualises
conceptualising
conceptually
compatible
compatibility
incompatibility
incompatible
compensate
compensated
compensates
compensating
compensation
compensations
compensatory
10
complex
complexities
complexity
Ch. 2, p. 24; AS, p. 168
component
componentry
components
Ch. 6, p. 103
SUBLIST
7
complement
complementary
complemented
complementing
complements
REFERENCE IN LEAP
comprise
comprised
comprises
comprising
community
communities
compile
compilation
compilations
compiled
compiles
compiling
ACADEMIC WORD
compound
compounded
compounding
compounds
comprehensive
comprehensively

8
Ch. 3, p. 50
Academic Word List
ACADEMIC WORD
REFERENCE IN LEAP
SUBLIST
conclude
concluded
concludes
concluding
conclusion
conclusions
conclusive
conclusively
inconclusive
inconclusively
concurrent
concurrently
conduct
conducted
conducting
conducts
confer
Ch. 5, p. 82; AS, p. 179
conference
conferences
conferred
conferring
confers
confine
confined
confines
confining
unconfined
Ch. 3, p. 51; AS, p. 172
confirm
confirmation
confirmed
confirming
confirms
conflict
conflicted
conflicting
conflicts
ACADEMIC WORD
REFERENCE IN LEAP
SUBLIST
8
conform
conformable
conformability
conformance
conformation
conformed
conforming
conformist
conformists
conformity
conforms
nonconformist
nonconformists
nonconformity
non-conformist
non-conformists
non-conformity
consent
consensus
consented
consenting
consents
consequent
consequence
consequences
consequently
3
Ch. 5, p. 83; AS, p. 181
2
CW+, Listening C
considerable
considerably
consist

9
consisted
consistency
consistent
consistently
consisting
consists
inconsistencies
inconsistency
inconsistent
CW+, Listening D
Academic Word List
ACADEMIC WORD
REFERENCE IN LEAP
SUBLIST
constant
constancy
constantly
constants
inconstancy
inconstantly
constitute
constituencies
constituency
constituent
constituents
constituted
constitutes
constituting
constitution
constitutions
constitutional
constitutionally
constitutive
unconstitutional
constrain
constrained
constraining
constrains
constraint
constraints
unconstrained
construct
constructed
constructing
construction
constructions
constructive
constructs
reconstruct
reconstructed
reconstructing
reconstruction
reconstructs
ACADEMIC WORD
consult
consultancy
consultant
consultants
consultation
consultations
consultative
consulted
consults
consulting
consume
consumed
consumer
consumers
consumes
consuming
consumption
REFERENCE IN LEAP
SUBLIST
5
Ch. 4, p. 63; AS, p. 175
2
Ch. 4, p. 62
Ch. 8, p. 142
contact
contactable
contacted
contacting
contacts
contemporary
contemporaries
context
contexts
contextual
contextualise
contextualised
contextualising
contextualize
contextualized
contextualizing
uncontextualized
contract
contracted
contracting
contractor
contractors
contracts

10
Academic Word List
ACADEMIC WORD
REFERENCE IN LEAP
SUBLIST
ACADEMIC WORD
REFERENCE IN LEAP
SUBLIST
contradict
contradicted
contradicting
contradiction
contradictions
contradictory
contradicts
convert
conversion
conversions
converted
convertible
converting
converts
contrary
contrarily
10
contrast
contrasted
contrasting
contrastive
contrasts
convince
convinced
convinces
convincing
convincingly
unconvinced
contribute
contributed
contributes
contributing
contribution
contributions
contributor
contributors
controversy
controversies
controversial
controversially
uncontroversial
convene
convention
convenes
convened
convening
conventional
conventionally
conventions
unconventional
converse
conversely
AS, p. 187
Ch. 7, p. 130
cooperate
cooperated
cooperates
cooperating
cooperation
cooperative
cooperatively
co-operate
co-operated
co-operates
co-operation
co-operative
co-operatively
coordinate
coordinated
coordinates
coordinating
coordination
coordinator
coordinators
co-ordinate
co-ordinated
co-ordinates
co-ordinating
co-ordination
co-ordinator
co-ordinators

11
Ch. 1, p. 4
Academic Word List
ACADEMIC WORD
REFERENCE IN LEAP
core
Ch. 5, p. 90
cores
coring
cored
corporate
corporates
corporation
corporations
SUBLIST
3
Ch. 2, p. 25
crucial
Ch. 5, p. 91
Ch. 5, p. 90; AS, p. 180
Ch. 8, p. 143
couple
coupled
coupling
couples
created
creates
creating
creation
creations
creative
creatively
creativity
creator
creators
recreate
recreated
recreates
recreating
crucially
SUBLIST
3
cycle
cycled
cycles
cyclic
cyclical
cycling
data
decade
cultural
culturally
cultured
cultures
uncultured
currency
currencies
debate
Ch.4, p. 69; AS, p. 174

credited
crediting
creditor
creditors
credits
criteria
criterion
culture
credit
REFERENCE IN LEAP
correspond
corresponded
correspondence
corresponding
correspondingly
corresponds
create
ACADEMIC WORD
1
4
debatable
debated
debates
debating
decades
decline
declined
declines
declining
deduce
deduced
deduces
deducing
deduction
deductions

12
Academic Word List
ACADEMIC WORD
define
REFERENCE IN LEAP
definable
defined
defines
defining
definition
definitions
redefine
redefined
redefines
redefining
undefined
definite
definitely
definitive
indefinite
indefinitely
SUBLIST
Ch. 8, p. 150
REFERENCE IN LEAP
SUBLIST
10
Ch. 1, p. 5
1
derivation
derivations
derivative
derivatives
derived
derives
deriving
design
denote
designed
designer
designers
designing
designs
despite
detect
denotation
denotations
denoted
denotes
denoting
deniable
denial
denials
denied
denies
denying
undeniable
depress
depressed
depresses
depressing
depression
derive
demonstrate
demonstrable
demonstrably
demonstrated
demonstrates
demonstrating
demonstration
demonstrative
demonstratively
demonstrator
demonstrators
deny
ACADEMIC WORD
Ch. 1, p. 4
4
8
detectable
detected
detecting
detection
detective
detectives
detector
detectors
detects
deviate
deviated
deviates
deviating
deviation
deviations
device

13
devices
Academic Word List
ACADEMIC WORD
devote
REFERENCE IN LEAP
SUBLIST
9
devoted
devotedly
devotes
devoting
devotion
devotions
differentiate
differentiated
differentiates
differentiating
differentiation
dimension
dimensional
dimensions
multidimensional
diminish
diminished
diminishes
diminishing
diminution
undiminished
discrete
discretely
discretion
discretionary
indiscrete
indiscretion
discriminate
discriminated
discriminates
discriminating
discrimination
displace
displaced
displacement
displaces
displacing
ACADEMIC WORD
display
REFERENCE IN LEAP
SUBLIST
6
displayed
displaying
displays
dispose
disposable
disposal
disposed
disposes
disposing
distinct
distinction
distinctions
distinctive
distinctively
distinctly
indistinct
indistinctly
Ch. 4, p. 68
distort
CW+, Listening C
8
distorted
distorting
distortion
distortions
distorts
distribute
distributed
distributing
distribution
distributional
distributions
distributive
distributor
distributors
redistribute
redistributed
redistributes
redistributing
redistribution

14
CW+, Listening D
Academic Word List
ACADEMIC WORD
REFERENCE IN LEAP
SUBLIST
diverse
diversely
diversification
diversified
diversifies
diversify
diversifying
diversity
document
documentation
documented
documenting
documents
drama
Ch. 7, p. 125
domain
domains
domestic
domestically
domesticate
domesticated
domesticating
domestics
dominate
dominance
dominant
dominated
dominates
dominating
domination
draft
drafted
drafting
drafts
redraft
redrafted
redrafting
redrafts
ACADEMIC WORD
dramas
dramatic
dramatically
dramatise
dramatised
dramatising
dramatises
dramatisation
dramatisations
dramatist
dramatists
dramatization
dramatizations
dramatize
dramatized
dramatizes
dramatizing
REFERENCE IN LEAP
SUBLIST
8
Ch. 7, p. 131; AS, p. 188
duration
dynamic
dynamically
dynamics
economy
economic
economical
economically
economics
economies
economist
economists
uneconomical
edit

15
Ch. 8, p. 142
edited
editing
edition
editions
editor
editorial
editorials
editors
edits
Academic Word List
ACADEMIC WORD
REFERENCE IN LEAP
SUBLIST
element
elements
eliminate
eliminated
eliminates
eliminating
elimination
emerge
emerged
emergence
emergent
emerges
emerging
4
Ch. 6, p. 104
empirical
empirically
empiricism
enabled
enables
enabling
encounter
encountered
encountering
encounters
energy
energetic
energetically
energies
REFERENCE IN LEAP
SUBLIST
enforce
enforced
enforcement
enforces
enforcing
enhance
enhanced
enhancement
enhances
enhancing
10
enormous
enormity
enormously
emphasis
emphasise
emphasised
emphasising
emphasize
emphasized
emphasizes
emphasizing
emphatic
emphatically
enable
ACADEMIC WORD
ensure
ensured
ensures
ensuring
Ch. 6, p. 104; AS, p. 184
entity
5
entities
Ch. 5, p. 90
Ch. 2, p. 25
environment
environmental
environmentalist
environmentalists
environmentally
environments
equate
2
equated
equates
equating
equation
equations
10
equip
AS, p. 167
5

16
7
equipment
equipped
equipping
equips
Academic Word List
ACADEMIC WORD
REFERENCE IN LEAP
SUBLIST
equivalent
equivalence
erode
error
eroded
erodes
eroding
erosion
erroneous
erroneously
errors
SUBLIST
9
ethical
ethically
ethics
unethical
4
ethnicity
estate
estimate
estimated
estimates
estimating
estimation
estimations
over-estimate
overestimate
overestimated
overestimates
overestimating
underestimate
underestimated
underestimates
underestimating
ethic
REFERENCE IN LEAP
ethnic
establish
disestablish
disestablished
disestablishes
disestablishing
disestablishment
established
establishes
establishing
establishment
establishments
estates
ACADEMIC WORD
evaluate
evaluated
evaluates
evaluating
evaluation
evaluations
evaluative
re-evaluate
re-evaluated
re-evaluates
re-evaluating
re-evaluation
2
Ch. 2, p. 22
eventual
eventuality
eventually
evident
evidenced
evidence
evidential
evidently
evolve
exceed

17
evolution
evolved
evolving
evolves
evolutionary
evolutionist
evolutionists
exceeded
exceeding
exceeds
Academic Word List
ACADEMIC WORD
REFERENCE IN LEAP
SUBLIST
exclude
excluded
excludes
excluding
exclusion
exclusionary
exclusionist
exclusions
exclusive
exclusively
exhibit
8
exhibited
exhibiting
exhibition
exhibitions
exhibits
expand
expanded
expanding
expands
expansion
expansionism
expansive
expert
expertise
expertly
experts
explicit
explicitly
exploit
8
exploitation
exploited
exploiting
exploits
export
exported
exporter
exporters
exporting
exports
ACADEMIC WORD
expose
REFERENCE IN LEAP
SUBLIST
5
exposed
exposes
exposing
exposure
exposures
external
externalisation
externalise
externalised
externalises
externalising
externality
externalization
externalize
externalized
externalizes
externalizing
externally
extract
extracted
extracting
extraction
extracts
facilitate
facilitated
facilitates
facilities
facilitating
facilitation
facilitator
facilitators
facility
factor
factored
factoring
factors
feature
featured
features
featuring

18
Academic Word List
ACADEMIC WORD
federal
fee
file
final
federation
federations
fees
filed
files
filing
finalise
finalised
finalises
finalising
finalize
finalized
finalizes
finalizing
finality
finally
finals
REFERENCE IN LEAP
SUBLIST
6
6
7
SUBLIST
8
focus
focused
focuses
focusing
focussed
focussing
refocus
refocused
refocuses
refocusing
refocussed
refocusses
refocussing
format
formatted
formatting
formats
1
finite
flexible
flexibility
inflexible
inflexibility
REFERENCE IN LEAP
fluctuate
fluctuated
fluctuates
fluctuating
fluctuation
fluctuations
finance
financed
finances
financial
financially
financier
financiers
financing
infinite
infinitely
ACADEMIC WORD
formula
formulae
formulas
formulate
formulated
formulating
formulation
formulations
reformulate
reformulated
reformulating
reformulation
reformulations
forthcoming

19
Ch. 2, p. 25
10
Academic Word List
ACADEMIC WORD
REFERENCE IN LEAP
SUBLIST
foundation
foundations
found
founded
founder
founders
founding
unfounded
ACADEMIC WORD
globe
goal
framework
frameworks
function
functional
functionally
functioned
functioning
functions
fund
grade
grant
REFERENCE IN LEAP
SUBLIST
7
global
globally
globalisation
globalization
goals
graded
grades
grading
granted
granting
grants
guarantee
guaranteed
guaranteeing
guarantees
guideline
guidelines
hence
hierarchy
hierarchical
hierarchies
furthermore
gender
highlight
highlighted
highlighting
highlights
funded
funder
funders
funding
funds
fundamental
fundamentally
Ch. 3, p. 51
genders
generate
generated
generates
generating
generation
generations
5
Ch. 8, p. 151
Ch. 2, p. 33

20
Academic Word List
ACADEMIC WORD
REFERENCE IN LEAP
hypothesis
hypotheses
hypothesise
hypothesised
hypothesises
hypothesising
hypothesize
hypothesized
hypothesizes
hypothesizing
hypothetical
hypothetically
Ch. 5, p. 82
SUBLIST
4
ACADEMIC WORD
image
impact
7
identify
identifiable
identification
identified
identifies
identifying
identities
identity
unidentifiable
3
Ch. 7, p. 124
impacted
impacting
impacts
implement
implementation
implemented
implementing
implements
Ch. 3, p. 45
SUBLIST
imagery
images
immigrate
immigrant
immigrants
immigrated
immigrates
immigrating
immigration
identical
identically
REFERENCE IN LEAP
Ch. 6, p. 113
implicate
implicated
implicates
implicating
implication
implications
ignorant
ignorance
ignore
ignored
ignores
ignoring
implicit
implicitly
imply
illustrate
illustrated
illustrates
illustrating
illustration
illustrations
illustrative
ideology
ideological
ideologically
ideologies
Ch. 3, p. 52
implied
implies
implying
impose
imposed
imposes
imposing
imposition

21
Academic Word List
ACADEMIC WORD
REFERENCE IN LEAP
incentive
incentives
CW+, Listening A
6
6
incidence
incident
incidentally
incidents
10
incline
inclination
inclinations
inclined
inclines
inclining
income
incomes
incorporate
incorporated
incorporates
incorporating
incorporation
index
SUBLIST
REFERENCE IN LEAP
SUBLIST
individual
individualised
individuality
individualism
individualist
individualists
individualistic
individually
individuals
Ch. 4, p. 63; AS, p. 175
induce
Ch. 3, p. 52
Ch. 7, p. 125; AS, p. 188
inevitable
inevitability
inevitably
infer
Ch. 5, p. 83
6
Ch. 4, p. 63
induced
induces
inducing
induction
1
6
indexed
indexes
indexing
indicate
indicated
indicates
indicating
indication
indications
indicative
indicator
indicators
ACADEMIC WORD
inference
inferences
inferred
inferring
infers
infrastructure
infrastructures
inherent
inherently
inhibit
initial

22
inhibited
inhibiting
inhibition
inhibitions
inhibits
initially
Ch. 4, p. 63; AS, p. 175
Academic Word List
ACADEMIC WORD
initiate
initiated
initiates
initiating
initiation
initiations
initiative
initiatives
initiator
initiators
REFERENCE IN LEAP
SUBLIST
6
Ch. 3, p. 51
AS, p. 175
injured
injures
injuries
injuring
injury
uninjured
innovate
innovation
innovated
innovates
innovating
innovations
innovative
innovator
innovators
insert
REFERENCE IN LEAP
SUBLIST
inspect
inspected
inspecting
inspection
inspections
inspector
inspectors
inspects
instance
instances
institute
instituted
institutes
instituting
institution
institutional
institutionalise
institutionalised
institutionalises
institutionalising
institutionalized
institutionalizes
institutionalizing
institutionally
institutions
instruct
instruction
instructed
instructing
instructions
instructive
instructor
instructors
instructs
injure
input
ACADEMIC WORD
inputs
Ch. 5, p. 90
CW+, Listening D
inserted
inserting
insertion
inserts
Ch. 2, p. 25; AS, p. 167
insight
insightful
insights
Ch. 1, p. 5; AS, p. 162
integral
integrate
integrated
integrates
integrating
integration

23
Academic Word List
ACADEMIC WORD
REFERENCE IN LEAP
integrity
SUBLIST
10
6
intelligent
intelligence
intelligently
unintelligent
intense
intensely
intenseness
intensification
intensified
intensifies
intensify
intensifying
intension
intensity
intensive
intensively
Ch. 1, p. 5
AS, p. 163
interact
interacted
interacting
interaction
interactions
interactive
interactively
interacts
Ch. 2, p. 25
intermediate
internal
internalise
internalised
internalises
internalising
internalize
internalized
internalizes
internalizing
internally
ACADEMIC WORD
REFERENCE IN LEAP
interpret
interpretation
interpretations
interpretative
interpreted
interpreting
interpretive
interprets
misinterpret
misinterpretation
misinterpretations
misinterpreted
misinterpreting
misinterprets
reinterpret
reinterpreted
reinterprets
reinterpreting
reinterpretation
reinterpretations
Ch. 2, p. 25
SUBLIST
1
interval
intervals
intervene
intervened
intervenes
intervening
intervention
interventions
Ch. 6, p. 113; AS, p. 185
intrinsic
intrinsically
invest

24
invested
investing
investment
investments
investor
investors
invests
reinvest
reinvested
reinvesting
reinvestment
10
2
Ch. 7, p. 130
Academic Word List
ACADEMIC WORD
investigate
investigated
investigates
investigating
investigation
investigations
investigative
investigator
investigators
invoke
invoked
invokes
invoking
REFERENCE IN LEAP
SUBLIST
4
10
isolate
item
job
issued
issues
issuing
itemisation
itemise
itemised
itemises
itemising
items
jobs
SUBLIST
justifiable
justifiably
justification
justifications
justified
justifies
justifying
unjustified
2
Ch. 3, p. 51
label
1
issue
REFERENCE IN LEAP
journal
journals
justify
involve
involved
involvement
involves
involving
uninvolved
isolated
isolates
isolating
isolation
isolationism
ACADEMIC WORD
labeled
labeling
labelled
labelling
labels
labour
layer
1
labor
labored
labors
laboured
labouring
labours
layered
layering
layers
Ch. 5, p. 82
lecture
lectured
lecturer
lecturers
lectures
lecturing
legal

25
illegal
illegality
illegally
legality
legally
Academic Word List
ACADEMIC WORD
legislate
legislated
legislates
legislating
legislation
legislative
legislator
legislators
legislature
REFERENCE IN LEAP
SUBLIST
1
ACADEMIC WORD
likewise
link
locate
levy
liberal
licence
levies
liberalise
liberalism
liberalisation
liberalised
liberalises
liberalising
liberalization
liberalize
liberalized
liberalizes
liberalizing
liberate
liberated
liberates
liberation
liberations
liberating
liberator
liberators
liberally
liberals
licences
license
licensed
licensing
licenses
unlicensed
REFERENCE IN LEAP
10
5
logic
linkage
linkages
linked
linking
links
SUBLIST
10
3
Ch. 3, p. 52
3
located
locating
location
locations
relocate
relocated
relocates
relocating
relocation
illogical
illogically
logical
logically
logician
logicians
5
Ch. 2, p. 24
maintain
maintained
maintaining
maintains
maintenance
major
majorities
majority
manipulate
manipulated
manipulates
manipulating
manipulation
manipulations
manipulative

26
Academic Word List
ACADEMIC WORD
REFERENCE IN LEAP
SUBLIST
manual
manually
manuals
margin
marginal
marginalized
marginally
margins
SUBLIST
5
medium
Ch. 5, p. 90
mental
Ch. 2, p. 24; AS, p. 167
mentality
mentally
9
maximise
max
maximised
maximises
maximising
maximisation
maximize
maximized
maximizes
maximizing
maximization
maximum
Ch. 5, p. 91
REFERENCE IN LEAP
medical
medically
Ch. 6, p. 103
mature
immature
immaturity
maturation
maturational
matured
matures
maturing
maturity
mechanism
mechanisms
mechanization
ACADEMIC WORD
CW+, Listening D
media
mediate
mediated
mediates
mediating
mediation
method
methodical
methodological
methodologies
methodology
methods
Ch. 2, p. 34; AS, p. 167
migrate
migrant
migrants
migrated
migrates
migrating
migration
migrations
migratory
military
minimal
minimalisation
minimalise
minimalises
minimalised
minimalising
minimalist
minimalists
minimalistic
minimalization
minimalize
minimalized
minimalizes
minimalizing
minimally

27
Ch. 1, p. 5
AS, p. 164
Academic Word List
ACADEMIC WORD
minimise
minimised
minimises
minimising
minimize
minimized
minimizes
minimizing
REFERENCE IN LEAP
SUBLIST
8
ministry
ministered
ministering
ministerial
ministries
minor
motive
AS, p. 172
motivate
motivated
motivates
motivating
motivation
motivational
motivations
motives
unmotivated
mutual
SUBLIST
6
Ch. 2, p. 34; AS, p. 167
Ch. 4, p. 69
mutually
negate
minorities
minority
minors
modes
modify
modification
modifications
modified
modifies
modifying
unmodified
monitor
monitored
monitoring
monitors
unmonitored
REFERENCE IN LEAP
Ch. 4, p. 63
minimum
mode
ACADEMIC WORD
Ch. 6, p. 112; AS, p. 184
negative
negated
negates
negating
negatively
negatives
network
networked
networking
networks
neutral
neutralisation
neutralise
neutralised
neutralises
neutralising
neutrality
neutralization
neutralize
neutralized
neutralizes
neutralizing
5
Ch. 3, p. 44; AS, p. 171
Ch. 6, p. 112
nevertheless
nonetheless
10

28
Academic Word List
ACADEMIC WORD
norm
normal
notion
REFERENCE IN LEAP
SUBLIST
9
norms
occupy
abnormal
abnormally
normalisation
normalise
normalised
normalises
normalising
normalization
normalize
normalized
normalizes
normalizing
normality
normally
occur
notions
notwithstanding
10
nuclear
objective
objectively
objectivity
obtain
obtainable
obtained
obtaining
obtains
unobtainable
obvious
obviously
ACADEMIC WORD
odd
offset
Ch. 5, p. 83; AS, p. 180
SUBLIST
occupancy
occupant
occupants
occupation
occupational
occupations
occupied
occupier
occupiers
occupies
occupying
1
occurred
occurrence
occurrences
occurring
occurs
reoccur
reoccurred
reoccurring
reoccurs
odds
10
8
offsets
offsetting
ongoing
option
REFERENCE IN LEAP
10
4
optional
options
4
4

29
Academic Word List
ACADEMIC WORD
orient
REFERENCE IN LEAP
SUBLIST
orientate
orientated
orientates
orientation
orientating
oriented
orienting
orients
reorient
reorientation
outcome
outcomes
Ch. 7, p. 131
output
3
4
outputs
overall
overlap
overlapped
overlapping
overlaps
overseas
panel
panelled
panelling
panels
Ch. 1, p. 5
4
9
6
10
paradigm
paradigms
paragraph
paragraphing
paragraphs
parallel
paralleled
parallelled
parallelling
parallels
unparalleled
ACADEMIC WORD
REFERENCE IN LEAP
SUBLIST
parameter
parameters
participate
participant
participants
participated
participates
participating
participation
participatory
partner
partners
partnership
partnerships
passive
passively
passivity
perceive
perceived
perceives
perceiving
perception
perceptions
Ch. 4, p. 63
percent
percentage
percentages
period
1
periodic
periodical
periodically
periodicals
periods
persist
4

30
persisted
persistence
persistent
persistently
persisting
persists
10
Ch. 3, p. 51; AS, p. 171
Academic Word List
ACADEMIC WORD
REFERENCE IN LEAP
perspective
perspectives
Ch. 7, p. 132; AS, p. 188
phase
5
4
phased
phases
phasing
phenomenon
phenomena
phenomenal
SUBLIST
Ch. 3, p. 50; AS, p. 172
philosophy
philosopher
philosophers
philosophical
philosophically
philosophies
philosophise
philosophised
philosophises
philosophising
philosophize
philosophized
philosophizes
philosophizing
physical
physically
plus
policies
portion
portions
pose
posed
poses
posing
positive
positively
9
10
SUBLIST
2
practitioner
practitioners
precede
preceded
precedence
precedent
precedes
preceding
unprecedented
predict
REFERENCE IN LEAP
potential
potentially
precise
imprecise
precisely
precision
pluses
policy
ACADEMIC WORD
predictability
predictable
predictably
predicted
predicting
prediction
predictions
predicts
unpredictability
unpredictable
Ch. 6, p. 102; AS, p. 184

Ch. 2, p. 33; AS, p. 167
4
Ch. 5, p. 90; AS, p. 180
predominant
predominance
predominantly
predominate
predominated
predominates
predominating
preliminary
preliminaries

31
Academic Word List
ACADEMIC WORD
REFERENCE IN LEAP
presume
presumably
presumed
presumes
presuming
presumption
presumptions
presumptuous
previous
previously
Ch. 7, p. 131
SUBLIST
6
proceed
procedural
procedure
procedures
proceeded
proceeding
proceedings
proceeds
process
processed
processes
processing
primary
primarily
prime
5
primacy
principal
principally
principle
principled
principles
unprincipled
ACADEMIC WORD
REFERENCE IN LEAP
SUBLIST
1
Ch. 1, p. 11; AS, p. 163
professional
professionally
professionals
professionalism
prohibit
prohibited
prohibiting
prohibition
prohibitions
prohibitive
prohibits
4
AS, p. 175
Ch. 4, p. 62
prior
priority
priorities
prioritisation
prioritise
prioritised
prioritises
prioritising
prioritization
prioritize
prioritized
prioritizes
prioritizing
project
projected
projecting
projection
projections
projects
promote
promoted
promoter
promoters
promotes
promoting
promotion
promotions

32
Ch. 4, p. 63
CW+, Listening D
Ch. 1, p.4; AS, p. 163
Academic Word List
ACADEMIC WORD
REFERENCE IN LEAP
proportion
disproportion
disproportionate
disproportionately
proportional
proportionally
proportionate
proportionately
proportions
prospect
prospective
prospects
protocol
protocols
psychology
psychological
psychologically
psychologist
psychologists
SUBLIST
CW+, Listening D
Ch. 3, p. 51
Ch. 2, p. 24
9
5
CW+, Listening A
publication
publications
publish
published
publisher
publishers
publishes
publishing
unpublished
pursue
REFERENCE IN LEAP
SUBLIST
qualitative
qualitatively
quote
radical
quotation
quotations
quoted
quotes
quoting
radically
radicals
Ch. 2, p. 33
random
randomly
randomness
range
2
ranged
ranges
ranging
ratio
Ch. 5, p. 82
purchase
purchased
purchaser
purchasers
purchases
purchasing
pursued
pursues
pursuing
pursuit
pursuits
ACADEMIC WORD
ratios
rational
irrational
rationalisation
rationalisations
rationalise
rationalised
rationalises
rationalising
rationalism
rationality
rationalization
rationalizations
rationalize
rationalized
rationalizes
rationally

33
3
Academic Word List
ACADEMIC WORD
react
reacted
reacts
reacting
reaction
reactionaries
reactionary
reactions
reactive
reactivate
reactivation
reactor
reactors
REFERENCE IN LEAP
SUBLIST
Ch. 7, p. 130
recover
recoverable
recovered
recovering
recovers
recovery
refine
refined
refinement
refinements
refines
refining
regime
ACADEMIC WORD
reinforce
reinforced
reinforcement
reinforcements
reinforces
reinforcing
reject
regional
regionally
regions
register
deregister
deregistered
deregistering
deregisters
deregistration
registered
registering
registers
registration
Ch. 8, p. 144; AS, p. 192
SUBLIST
regulate
deregulated
deregulates
deregulating
deregulation
regulated
regulates
regulating
regulation
regulations
regulator
regulators
regulatory
unregulated
regimes
region
REFERENCE IN LEAP
relax
rejected
rejecting
rejection
rejects
rejections
relaxation
relaxed
relaxes
relaxing
release
released
releases
releasing
relevant
irrelevance
irrelevant
relevance

34
Academic Word List
ACADEMIC WORD
REFERENCE IN LEAP
reluctance
reluctant
reluctantly
Ch. 6, p. 112; AS, p. 184
rely
SUBLIST
10
reliability
reliable
reliably
reliance
reliant
relied
relies
relying
unreliable
remove
removable
removal
removals
removed
removes
removing
require
required
requirement
requirements
requires
requiring
research
researched
researcher
researchers
researches
researching
reside
resided
residence
resident
residential
residents
resides
residing
ACADEMIC WORD
REFERENCE IN LEAP
SUBLIST
resolve
resolution
resolved
resolves
resolving
unresolved
resource
resourced
resourceful
resources
resourcing
unresourceful
under-resourced
2
Ch. 1, p. 11
respond
responded
respondent
respondents
responding
responds
response
responses
responsive
responsiveness
unresponsive
restore
restoration
restored
restores
restoring
restrain
restrained
restraining
restrains
restraint
restraints
unrestrained
Ch. 1, p. 4

35
Academic Word List
ACADEMIC WORD
REFERENCE IN LEAP
SUBLIST
restrict
restricted
restricting
restriction
restrictions
restrictive
restrictively
restricts
unrestricted
unrestrictive
retain
4
retained
retaining
retainer
retainers
retains
retention
retentive
reveal
revealed
revealing
reveals
revelation
revelations
revolution
revolutionary
revolutionaries
revolutionise
revolutionised
revolutionises
revolutionising
revolutionist
revolutionists
revolutionize
revolutionized
revolutionizes
revolutionizing
revolutions
REFERENCE IN LEAP
SUBLIST
Ch. 5, p. 83; AS, p. 181
rigid
rigidities
rigidity
rigidly
6
role
route
revenue
revenues
reverse
reversal
reversed
reverses
reversible
reversing
reversals
irreversible
revise
revised
revises
revising
revision
revisions
ACADEMIC WORD
roles
routed
routes
routing
scenario
scenarios
schedule
reschedule
rescheduled
reschedules
rescheduling
scheduled
schedules
scheduling
unscheduled

36
Academic Word List
ACADEMIC WORD
REFERENCE IN LEAP
scheme
schematic
schematically
schemed
schemes
scheming
AS, p. 188
scope
Ch. 3, p. 45
SUBLIST
ACADEMIC WORD
sequence
sequenced
sequences
sequencing
sequential
sequentially
series
section
sectioned
sectioning
sections
sex
sector
secure
Ch. 7, p. 125
sectors
insecure
insecurities
insecurity
secured
securely
secures
securing
securities
security
Ch. 2, p. 33
2
seek
seeking
seeks
sought
select
selected
selecting
selection
selections
selective
selectively
selector
selectors
selects
shift
REFERENCE IN LEAP
SUBLIST
3
Ch. 4, p. 62; AS, p. 174
4
3
sexes
sexism
sexual
sexuality
sexually
shifted
shifting
shifts
significant
insignificant
insignificantly
significance
significantly
signified
signifies
signify
signifying
similar
1
dissimilar
similarities
similarity
similarly
simulate
simulated
simulates
simulating
simulation
site
2
sites

37
Academic Word List
ACADEMIC WORD
REFERENCE IN LEAP
so-called
SUBLIST
10
sole
7
solely
somewhat
7
Ch. 1, p. 11; Ch. 3, p. 52
source
sourced
sources
sourcing
AS, p. 163
ACADEMIC WORD
REFERENCE IN LEAP
statistic
statistician
statisticians
statistical
statistically
statistics
Ch. 2, p. 25
status
CW+, Listening C
straightforward
specific
specifically
specification
specifications
specificity
specifics
strategy
strategic
strategies
strategically
strategist
strategists
specify
stress
structure
restructure
restructured
restructures
restructuring
structural
structurally
structured
structures
structuring
unstructured
sphere
stable
specifiable
specified
specifies
specifying
unspecified
spheres
spherical
spherically
instability
stabilisation
stabilise
stabilised
stabilises
stabilising
stabilization
stabilize
stabilized
stabilizes
stabilizing
stability
unstable
SUBLIST
10
2
Ch. 1, p. 5; AS, p. 163
stressed
stresses
stressful
stressing
unstressed
1
CW+, Listening A
Ch. 1, p. 11

38
Academic Word List
ACADEMIC WORD
REFERENCE IN LEAP
style
AS, p. 163
submit
styled
styles
styling
stylish
stylise
stylised
stylises
stylising
stylize
stylized
stylizes
stylizing
SUBLIST
5
Ch. 1, p. 5
submission
submissions
submits
submitted
submitting
subordinate
subordinates
subordination
subsequent
subsequently
subsidy
subsidiary
subsidies
subsidise
subsidised
subsidises
subsidising
subsidize
subsidized
subsidizes
subsidizing
substitute
substituted
substitutes
substituting
substitution
Ch. 6, p. 112; AS, p. 184
ACADEMIC WORD
REFERENCE IN LEAP
SUBLIST
successor
succession
successions
successive
successively
successors
sufficient
sufficiency
insufficient
insufficiently
sufficiently
sum
summation
summed
summing
sums
Ch. 4, p. 64
summary
summaries
summarise
summarised
summarises
summarising
summarisation
summarisations
summarization
summarizations
summarize
summarized
summarizes
summarizing
supplement
supplementary
supplemented
supplementing
supplements
survey

39
surveyed
surveying
surveys
Ch. 7, p. 130
Academic Word List
ACADEMIC WORD
REFERENCE IN LEAP
SUBLIST
survive
survival
survived
survives
surviving
survivor
survivors
suspend
suspended
suspending
suspends
suspension
sustain
sustainable
sustainability
sustained
sustaining
sustains
sustenance
unsustainable
symbol
symbolic
symbolically
symbolise
symbolises
symbolised
symbolising
symbolism
symbolize
symbolized
symbolizes
symbolizing
symbols
tape
taped
tapes
taping
task
team
CW+, Listening D
Ch. 2, p. 33
AS, p. 167
6
REFERENCE IN LEAP
SUBLIST
3
tasks
teamed
teaming
teams
technical
technically
technique
techniques
technology
technological
technologically
temporary
temporarily
tense
target
ACADEMIC WORD
tension
tensely
tenser
tensest
tensions
terminate
terminal
terminals
terminated
terminates
terminating
termination
terminations
text
theme
targeted
targeting
targets
40
texts
textual
themes
thematic
thematically
Academic Word List
ACADEMIC WORD
REFERENCE IN LEAP
theory
Ch. 5, p. 91
theoretical
theoretically
theories
theorist
theorists
SUBLIST
1
thereby
thesis
topic
trace
theses
topical
topics
traceable
traced
traces
tracing
tradition
non-traditional
traditional
traditionalist
traditionally
traditions
transfer
transferable
transference
transferred
transferring
transfers
transform
transformation
transformations
transformative
transformed
transforming
transforms
ACADEMIC WORD
transit
SUBLIST
5
transited
transiting
transition
transitional
transitions
transitory
transits
transmit
transmission
transmissions
transmitted
transmitting
transmits
Ch. 6, p. 103
transport
transportation
transported
transporter
transporters
transporting
transports
trend
trigger
trends
triggered
triggering
triggers
ultimate
ultimately
Ch. 6, p. 111
REFERENCE IN LEAP
CW+, Listening C
undergo
undergoes
undergoing
undergone
underwent
10
underlie
underlay
underlies
underlying

41
Academic Word List
ACADEMIC WORD
REFERENCE IN LEAP
SUBLIST
undertake
undertaken
undertakes
undertaking
undertook
uniform
uniformity
uniformly
unify
unique
utilise
unification
unified
unifies
unifying
vary
Ch. 1, p. 5
uniquely
uniqueness
utilisation
utilised
utilises
utilising
utiliser
utilisers
utility
utilities
utilization
utilize
utilized
utilizes
utilizing
ACADEMIC WORD
invalidate
invalidity
validate
validated
validating
validation
validity
validly
SUBLIST
1
invariable
invariably
variability
variable
variables
variably
variance
variant
variants
variation
variations
varied
varies
varying
vehicle
version
versions
via
violate
vehicles
violated
violates
violating
violation
violations
virtual
visible
Ch. 1, p. 5
3
valid
REFERENCE IN LEAP
vision

42
8
visibility
visibly
invisible
invisibility
visions
Ch. 4, p. 69
Ch. 7, p. 126; AS, p. 189
Academic Word List
ACADEMIC WORD
visual
visualize
visualizing
REFERENCE IN LEAP
AS, p. 167
Ch. 2, p. 33
SUBLIST
8
volume
volumes
vol
voluntary
voluntarily
volunteer
volunteering
volunteered
volunteers
ACADEMIC WORD
REFERENCE IN LEAP
welfare
Ch. 8, p. 142
SUBLIST
5
whereas
whereby
10
widespread

43
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LEAP: Listening and Speaking