Hofstsd-sociologist who studied business around the worls.

Made
scales. His 4 dimensions
1. Power Distance-extent to witch a society accepts an inequality,
political inequality or economic inequality. Large power
distance_____Small power distance. You tend to be large or small.
Small- inequalitys should be minimized, also suggests that
people should be interdependent, should be equal rights,
superiors are accessible/approachable, to change a social system
you redistribute power in a normal basis to change social system.
Large Power distance- order of inequality we expect inequality
and its a piece of the culture, people some are independent
most are dependent look for some one higher, superiors are not
approachable, power holders get certain rights-instead of equal
rights To change a system you de-thrown power change social
system. US- not all the way small on scale, have economic
inequality (ceo to bottom worker wages) we accept poverty and
hunger, in 6 years stock market gone up, president is usually
male (white male, ivy league law school, skinny), all senators
have money, we accept that. Large powers- Malaysia, mexico
both democracies big countries same party gets elected every
single time. Small power distance- Austria, hitler comes from
Austria changes world, now no one gets too much power.
2. Individualism/Collectivism- (I_____C)individualist-individual
identity, leadership ontanomity, emphasize achievement, right to
private life and achievements. Collective society- identity based
on social system. Israel south American countries. Collective
identify with social system, emphasis on belonging instead of
achievement something bigger than your safe, invasion into
private life is more acceptable in collective than individual.
3. Masculine and Feminine Societies- M____F.Masculine- men are
seen as assertive men are seen as nurturing, cleared role
distinguishing in jobs clear jobs men do clear jobs women do.
Feminine- man and women can be assertive no delineation
between them, no female or no male jobs anybody can do either.
Masculine- live to work ambition tangible rewards are motivators
money is important, feminine- work to live service provides
motivation for quality of life provide motivation relationship and
environment is important. Finland Sweeden Norway Denmark
(extreme feminine)- feminine. Middle east (Islamic culture),
Japan- very masculine. US is more masculine but not extreme.
4. Uncertainty of voidance ambiguity- extent to which a society
embraces or deflect risk, how much risk are you willing to take

on in society.(High VA___ Low VA). Ambiguity-leads to different

outcomes. High Ucertantiy of Voidance- many rules and
regulations, more stress/anxiety, pervacive nationalism more
avoid more you revert back to your nationalism, need strong
consensus. Weak uncertainty voidance- few rules as possible,
less stress, less nationalism (no murica! Unlike High VA),
acceptance of descent, all goes back to risk . Singapore- low VA,
business side theyve taken many risks with technologies and
militaries, and investments, taken big time risks. High UAsmaller countries Guatamala-laws, MAzlo Belgiumcare more
about security and risk averse, build high tax rate health care
education for all they want security.
5. (not part of original, Added)Long term orientation- cultural
distance, the bigger cultural distance the bigger risk.