Proposed Workshop Design

Design Criteria Report

Name : Njoroge Kagwi Maurice

Reg. No: F16/1334/2010

This document details the problem, procedures followed, assumptions made and the
references used in this design

F16/1334/2010

1.

Introduction

1.1

Outline
A concrete rectangular-shaped pitched-portal frame workshop building is to be built
in Mombasa. The structure will contain a stairway flight to the mezzanine floor,
carried by an internal frame fixed to the external portal frame.
The construction will be idealized as structural frame with masonry infill as walls
and slabs as the diaphragms.

1.2

Scope of Structural Works

The project calls for the structural design of:

1.3

The concrete roof structure

Mezzanine floor- which will include the typical slabs, beams and columns
carrying the floor in the internal frame
Typical building foundations

Purpose of Document
The purpose of this document is to:

1.4

List and record design information/data for the engineering works on the
project
Assist and guide the contractor in the implementation of the project

Design References
The design references are listed below:

BS 6399: Part 1: 1997 - Loading for Buildings

BS 6399: Part 2: 1997 - Code of practice for imposed Wind Loads
BS 8110: Parts 1,2 and 3: 1997 - Structural use of concrete
Reinforced Concrete Designers Handbook: 10th Edition, 1988 by Reynolds
ACI 318-08 and ACI 318R-08: Building Code Requirements for Reinforced
Concrete and Commentary
CIRIA REPORT No. 91: Early-age thermal crack control in concrete
Reinforced concrete theory and Practice: 2nd Ed, McGinley, Choo
Reinforced Concrete Analysis and Design; S.S Ray
Examples in Structural Analysis; Mackenzie
Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete; Kong and Evans
Charts for the design of Circular Reinforced Concrete Columns to BS 8110,
BCA
Structural Details in Concrete, Bangash
Standard Method of Detailing Structural Concrete, IStruct, Conc. society
Other relevant references.

2.

The Structural system

The structural framing system for transfer of vertical and lateral loads to the
foundation comprises of the following:
(i) In-situ concrete structural frames formed by columns and floor beams.
(ii) In-situ solid slabs supported on floor beams forming the diaphragms
(iii) Non-Load bearing walls for the superstructure.
The vertical (majorly dead and live loads) will be transferred to the foundations by
the frame structure including beams and the columns by frame action.
The lateral loads, which will be essentially wind loads, will be resisted by the
masonry walls in two dimensions of the structure, acting like shear walls and the
slabs like diaphragms, behaving like deep beams in lateral direction.
The walls will be taken as non-load bearing to allow for any construction method that
may be adopted.
The dead weight of walls above mezzanine floor will therefore be carried by beams
in this design.

3.

Materials

3.1

Concrete
a)

Structural Concrete

b)

Structural Concrete shall be;

Grade C25/20 (representing 28 day cube strength of 25N/mm2 with
20mm size aggregate generally) for all structural elements, including
columns, slabs, staircases, beams, and foundation bases.
Blinding Concrete
Blinding concrete shall be of Grade C15/20 generally.

3.2

Reinforcement
Specification of rebars shall be in accordance with BS 4449
a)

High Yield Rebar

fy = 460 N/mm2 (type 1 bond characteristics)
fyv = 460 N/mm2 (for shear resistance)

3.3

Structural load bearing masonry

Load bearing masonry blocks shall be the solid type with a minimum density of 1500
kg/m3 and a minimum average compressive strength of 7.0N/mm2.
The cladding thickness will be taken as 200mm

4.
4.1

Exposure Conditions
Fire
Fire resistance for structural elements shall be of 1.5 hours generally.
The minimum width of structural concrete required to meet the 1.5 hours fire
resistance are:
(i) Beams: 200mm (provided sizes are over 200mm)
(ii) Floor Slab: 110mm
(iii) Column fully exposed (without plaster): 250mm (minimum main column size
is 300mm)
(iv) Column 50% exposed (with plaster): 200mm (minimum size 300mm)
Therefore all proposed structural sizes meet the minimum requirements for a 1.5hr
fire resistance.

4.2

Weather & Exposure Conditions

Substructure & super-structure: Moderate

4.3

Minimum Cover to Main Reinforcement

Foundations
Columns
Beams
Slabs & Staircases

4.4
4.4.1

50 mm (against blinding) and 75mm (against ground)

40 mm
50 mm (In contact with soil)
30 mm
25 mm

Loads
Dead Loads
Unit weight of concrete
Bulk unit weight of soil
Floor finishes (50 mm Screed)
Floor Tiles
Services
200 mm thick solid wall (including

24.0 KN/m3
18.0 KN/m3
1.2 KN/m2
0.2 KN/m2
0.15 KN/m2
4.5 KN/m2 (per surface area)

plaster)
Partition Loads

1.0 KN/m2

Imposed Loads

4.4.1

Floor Use
Staircases
Roof Imposed load
Mezzanine floor load

Imposed Load
4.0 KN/m2
0.75 KN/m2
4 kN/m2

Main Occupancy
Susceptible to Overcrowding
With access
Access

Wind Loads

4.4.2

Basic gust wind speed in Mombasa is assumed to be 36.0 m/sec.

Earthquake Loads

4.4.3

In this case, earthquake loads are not critical, sa defined by the building height which is less
than 10m

Load Combinations

4.4.4

The following load combinations shall be used:

Load combination
1.4gk + 1.6qk
1.0gk
1.2(gk +qk+wl)
1.0gk +1.0qk

4.4.5

Description
Maximum dead and imposed loads acting together Ultimate Limit State
Minimum load to cause adverse effect on adjacent spans
Ultimate Limit State- maximum Loads
For foundation sizing

Foundation Bearing Capacity

The building is founded on clayey soil with a low presumed bearing capacity of 150
KN/m2 adopted for a robust and conservative design.