Determination of Which Antacid Could Neutralize Stomach Acid

the Most?
Chemistry Investigatory Project Report
CBSE-XII

Submitted by
Ponbarani
Exam No. 4610202

RASI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL

SENIOR SECONDARY
RASIPUARM

Certificate of Authenticity

This is to certify that Ponbarani, a student of class XII has successfully completed
the research project on the topic Determination of Which Antacid Could Neutralize
Stomach Acid the Most under the guidance of Mrs. .. (Subject Teacher).
This project is absolutely genuine and the references taken in making this project have
been declared at the end of this report.

Signature ( Subject Teacher)

Signature ( Examiner)

Date:

Date:

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I take this opportunity to express my sincere thanks to my chemistry teacher ...... ....
for his inspiring guidance and constant encouragement throughout my project. Thanks to the
Rasi international school for providing various lab facilities.
I would also like to thank my project partner Arun.S.R.for his help and co-operation
in various ways during my project. I am thankful to my parents and friends for being
supporting at every moment.

Contents:
1. Objective

2. Introduction

3. Theory

3.1 Working Path of Antacid

3.2 Side effects of Antacid

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3.3 Determination of which antacid neutralizes most stomach acid
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4. Materials and Methods

Experiment 1

Experiment 2

Experiment 3

5. Results

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6. Conclusion

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7. Bibliography

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1. OBJECTIVE:
The purpose of this experiment was to determine which antacid could neutralize the most
stomach acid.
2. INTRODUCTION:
Digestion in the stomach results from the action of gastric fluid, which includes secretions of
digestive enzymes, mucous, and hydrochloric acid. Antacids are weak bases (most commonly
bicarbonates, hydroxides, and carbonates) that neutralize excess stomach acid and thus
alleviate symptoms of heartburn. antacids have a different active ingredient. Some have one
of the same active ingredients and some have all of the same active ingredients. Almost all
the antacids that have the same active ingredient work the same amount as the other. The
active ingredient of most of the antacids is bases of calcium, magnesium, aluminium. Each of
these compounds can neutralize stomach acid.
The general neutralization reaction is:
Antacid (weak base) + HCl (stomach acid) salts + H2O + CO2
The hydrochloric acid solution used in this experiment (0.1 M) approximates the acid
conditions of the human stomach, which is typically 0.4 to 0.5% HCl by mass (pH ~
1).Antacids help people who have or get heartburn.
Chemists are often rather puzzled about how to check the claims that manufacturers make
about their products. For example, there are no reproducible experimental techniques
available for determining how fast a particular product cures a headache, relieves an upset
stomach, or revives tired blood. The scientific approach is to try to duplicate as many
conditions as possible and control the remaining variables one at a time. Next to treating pain,
one of the most frequent uses of over-the-counter medicines is the treatment of indigestion
caused by an overproduction of stomach acid (HCl). The number of over-the-counter antacids
is almost overwhelming, although the variation of ingredients is small.

Fig.1 Antacid tablets.

THEORY:
An antacid is any substance that can neutralize an acid. All antacids are bases. A base is any
substance that can neutralize an acid. All antacids have chemical in them called a buffer.
When an antacid is mixed with an acid the buffer tries to even out the acidity and that is how
stomach acid gets neutralized.

3.1 Working Path of Antacid:

Antacids are taken by mouth to relieve heartburn, the major symptom of gastro esophageal
reflux disease, or acid indigestion. Antacids perform neutralization reaction, i.e. they buffer
gastric acid, raising the pH to reduce acidity in the stomach. When gastric hydrochloric acid
reaches the nerves in the gastrointestinal mucosa, they signal pain to the central nervous
system. This happens when these nerves are exposed, as in peptic ulcers. The gastric acid
may also reach ulcers in the esophagus or the duodenum. Other mechanisms may contribute,
such as the effect of aluminium ions inhibiting smooth muscle cell contraction and delaying
gastric emptying. Antacids are commonly used to help neutralize stomach acid. Antacids are
bases with a pH above 7.0 that chemically react with acids to neutralize them. The action of
antacids is based on the fact that a base reacts with acid to form salt and water.
3.2 Side effects of Antacid:
Sodium salts should be avoided by individuals on low-sodium diets. Magnesium salts may
have constipating effects. Combinations of aluminum and magnesium salts are sometimes
formulated in an attempt to prevent side effects.
Aluminium hydroxide: may lead to the formation of insoluble aluminium phosphate
complexes, with a risk for hypophosphate and osteomalacia. Although aluminium has a low
gastrointestinal absorption, accumulation may occur in the presence of renal insufficiency.
Aluminium containing drugs may cause constipation. Magnesium hydroxide: has a laxative
property. Magnesium may accumulate in patients with renal failure leading to hypo magnesia,
with cardiovascular and neurological complications.
Calcium: compounds containing calcium may increase calcium output in the urine, which
might be associated to renal stones. Calcium salts may cause constipation.
Carbonate: regular high doses may cause alkalosis, which in turn may result in altered
excretion of other drugs, and kidney stones.
3.3 Determination of which antacid neutralizes most stomach acid:
By using law of equivalents and back titration method, we can able to determine the amount
antacid required neutralizing the stomach acid.
Acc. To law of gram equivalents:
NaVa = NbVb
Na = Normality of acid
Va = Volume of acid
Nb = Normality of acid
Vb = Volume of acid

4. MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Experiment-1
Standardization of HCl solution
Materials required:
Burette, pipette, conical flask, measuring jar, beaker, balance, methyl orange, concentrated
HCl, sodium carbonate.
Procedure:
1. Prepare half litre of N/10 HCl solution.
2. Prepare N/10 sodium carbonate solution by weighing exactly 2.650 g of anhydrous sodium
carbonate and then dissolving it in water to prepare exactly 0.5 litre of solution.
3. Standardize the HCl solution by titrating it against the standard sodium carbonate solution
using methyl orange as indicator.
Observations:
S.No.

Initial volume of
Na2CO3 is taken (mL)

Initial Volume of
burette (mL)

Final Volume of
burette (mL)

Volume of HCl
consumed

20

24

24.1 mL

20

24

48.2

24.1 mL

20

24.1

24.1 mL

Concordant volume = 24.1 mL

Calculations:
Applying normality equation
N1V1(acid) = N2V2(base)
N1 (24.1) = (1/10) 20
Normality of HCl solution, N1 = 0.083 N
Result:
Concentraion of HCl solution is 0.083N

Experiment-2
Neutralization of standardized HCl solution used
Materials required:
Burette, pipette, conical flask, measuring jar, beaker, balance, methyl orange, concentrated
HCl, sodium carbonate.
Procedure:
1. Take 20 mL of standardized HCl solution in conical flask.
2. Add 2-3 drops methyl orange indicater
3. Titrate with N/10 sodium carbonate solution until colour changes red to yellow.
Observations:
S.No.

Initial volume of is
HCl taken (mL)

Initial Volume of
burette (mL)

Final Volume of
burette (mL)

Volume of Na2CO3
consumed

20

18

18 mL

20

18

36

18 mL

20

18

18 mL

Concordant volume = 18 mL
Experiment-3
Analysis of antacid tablets
Materials required:
Burette, pipette, conical flask, measuring jar, beaker, balance, methyl orange, concentrated
HCl, sodium carbonate, different antacids.
Procedure:
1. Take 20 mL of standardized HCl solution in conical flask.
2. Add 20 mg of antacid, dissolve antacid by heating.
3. Add 2-3 drops methyl orange indicater
4. Titrate with N/10 sodium carbonate solution until colour changes red to yellow.

Observations:
Weight of the antacid tablet powder = 20 mg

Volume of HCl solution added= 20.0 ml

S.No.

Antacid

Initial Volume of
burette (mL)

Final Volume of
burette (mL)

Volume of Na2CO3
consumed

Fantac 40

17.2

17.2 mL

Gelusil

13.4

13.4 mL

Pantop

14.3

14.3 mL

Ocid 10

5.7

5.7 mL

Eno

17.4

17.4 mL

Volume of HCl neutralized by antacid:

S.No.

Antacid

Volume of HCl
without antacid
(mL)

Volume of HCl
with antacid
(mL)

Volume of HCl is
neutralized by
antacid

Fantac 40

18

17.2

0.8 mL

Gelusil

18

13.4

4.6 mL

Pantop

18

14.3

3.7 mL

Ocid 10

18

5.7

12.3 mL

Eno

18

17.4

0.6 mL

5. RESULTS:
The most effective antacid out of the taken samples is Ocid 10.
The efficiency order is Ocid 10 > Gelucil > Pantop > Fantac 40 > Eno

6. CONCLUSIONS:
Antacid are contains base that neutralizes the excess acid produced in the stomach and
reduces the acidity. Different acid have different constituents and their effect on excessive
acid may different. In our studies we found that Ocid 10 best antacid in the market. However

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antacid also have side effects. One should careful while taking antacid and try to avoid spicy
foods since prevention is better than cure.
7. BABLIOGRAPY
1. Chemistry text book CBSE-XII
2. Practical chemistry CBSE-XII
3. Wikipedia
4. iCBSE.com
5. World wide web

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