1.

Moment about A:
2
4
600
RB
= 0 R B = 150 N
tan 60
sin 60

RB

F
F

2m

600N

2m

= 0 R AH = R B cos 30 = 130 N

= 0 R Ay 60 + R B cos 60 = 0 R Ay = 525 N

If the ladder is placed against a smooth surface, then

RAH = 0; the horizontal component of RB will not be
balanced and the ladder will start moving.

60

RA
RAy

Fsin30

1.2

Fcos30

(i) Pushed: Moment about corner C:

(F sin 30 + 1000) 204 = F cos 30 220
F = 2305 N

(i) pushed

1kN
C
204

(ii) Pulled: Moment about corner C:

(1000 F sin 30) 204 = F cos 30 220

F = 698 N

Fsin30

NB: No reaction from the ground when the roller

is moving over the step

Fcos30
1kN

When the roller is pulled, the force is much less

than that required when it is pushed.

1.3
VA

204

= tan-1(1.5/3) = tan-10.5
sin = 1/5 cos = 2/5

Wsin

1.5m

MA

HA

Wcos
1.5kN
2m

(a)

2.5kN
1m

1m

W = 6.5kN

= 0 H A = W cos = 6.5

= 0 W sin + V A = 1.5 + 2.5 V A = 4.0 6.5

= 5.82kN
1
5

= 1.09kN

(ii) pulled

AZ

= 0 W sin 3 + M A 1.5 2 2.5 4 = 0

M A = 13 6.5

(b)

3
5

= 4.28kNm

M A has a maximum magnitude of 2.5kNm

M AZ = 0 W sin 3 + M A 1.5 2 2.5 4 = 0
3W sin = 13 M A
M A can be +ve (CCW) or ve (CW)
13 m M A
Accordingly, W =
3 sin
13 2.5
Wmin =
= 7.83kN
3 1
5
13 + 2.5
Wmax =
= 14.86kN
3 1
5

1.4

r
R A = R x i + R y j + R z k N
r
FEF = FEF EF = FEF 1.5i + 0.75 j + 0.5k
FBG

= FBG BG = FBG
r

F = 0 R

(
( 2i + j 2k)13

)1.175

r
r
r
+ FEF + FBG 1350 j = 0

1.5
2
i R x
FEF FBG = 0
1.75
3
j R y 0.75 FEF + 1 FBG 1350 = 0
1.75
3
0
.
5
2
k R z +
FEF FBG = 0
1.75
3

[A]

[B]

= 0:
r
r
r
1.5i FEF + 2i FBG i 1350 j = 0
A

r
r
Use expressions of FEF and FBG from [A] and then collect coefficients of j and k :
j FEF = 3.11FBG

1.5 0.75 2
k FBG 3.11
+ FBG = 1350
1.75
3
FBG = 505 N
FEF = 1570 N
From [B], Rx = 1681N, Ry = 509N, Rz = -112N

FAy

1.5
T1

Mt
50

FBy

FAZ

100

FAZ, FBZ

FBZ

80

T2

FAy, FBy

100

80

100

50

110N

50

170N
FCZ

y z
FCZ

Mt = torque supplied to pulley by motor

T1 + T2
= Tm = 140
2
T2 50 T1 50 = 3 1000

T1 = 110 N

T2 = 170 N

Equation of motor:
FX = 0 identically satisfied

F
F
M
M
M

= 0 : FAY FBY 100 = 0

= 0 : FAZ + FBZ + FCZ = 0

AX

= 0 : 100 10 + 110 50 + 170 50 = FCZ 200 FCZ = 205 N

AX

= 0 : FBZ 160 + 110 240 + 170 240 FCZ 80 = 0

AX

= 0 : 100 80 + FBY 160 = 0 FBY = 50 N

From other equations,

FBZ = 317.5 N FAY = 50 N FAZ = 242.5 N
r
r
F = (50 j 242.5k) N F = (50 j + 317.5k) N
A

1.6

Assume a general friction coefficient f.

When the wedge is moving, tangential force at contact = f x normal force

(a)

Equilibrium of AB:
M AZ = 0
10 1 + FB cos 30 2 = 0
FB = 5

f FB

10 kN

FAX

B
30

(0.866 0.5 f )
FAy

Equilibrium of wedge:
Fy = 0 : FC FB cos 30 + fFB sin 30 = 0

= 0 : P + fFC + ( f cos 30 + sin 30)FB = 0

FB
f FB

f FC
FC

FB

Solution leads to:

0.866 f + 0.5
P = 5 f +
0.866 0.5 f

For f = 0.3 P = 6.82kN

FC = 5kN

(b)

If f is very small, the wedge will slip out when the force P is removed. The borderline occurs
when the wedge is just prevented from slipping out by the friction forces. We go through the
previous analysis, replacing f by f everywhere, because the tendency we are investigating now
is the slipping in the opposite direction.
Thus:

0.866 f + 0.5
P = 5 f +
0.866 + 0.5 f

i.e. P = 0

0.866 f + 0.5
f = 0 f = 0.27(borderline )
0.866 + 0.5 f

For the paper towel to start moving vertically downward, two possibilities exist:
(i) Rolls A and B rotate together. This is possible when the contact at C slips and the contact at
D does not slip
(ii) Roll B does not rotate. Slip occurs at D only and the paper goes down. The frictional forces
developed at C are such that no slip occurs at C and the roll B is stationary.

1.7

[B]
O
FC

mBg

C
30
f2

FBD of
roll B

F
f1 45 AB

=0

FC cos 30 FAB cos 45 + f 2 cos 60 f1 sin 45 = 0

=0

FC sin 60 + FAB sin 45 + f 2 sin 60 + f 1 sin 45 m B g = 0

FAB

REy
D
E

f1
P

REX

OZ

= 0 f1 = f 2

FBD of
roll A

mAg

[A]
M EZ = 0 f1 = P

(iv )

= 0 , FY = 0 help to get REY, REX but they are not required.

Using (iii) in (i),

FC
F
cos 30 + (cos 60 sin 45) = AB cos 45
f2
f1
FC 3
F
1
0.207 = AB
f2 2
f1 2
f
Moreover, given that 2 0.2 ;
FC

(v )
f1
0.5
FAB

(i )

(vi )

(iii )

(ii )

Case I: Slip at C
f
then 2 = 0.2
FC
from (v) we get

f1
= 0.171
FAB

(vii )

Case II: Slip at D

f1
then
= 0.5
FAB
f2
= 0.534 which is not possible in view of (vi)
FC
Therefore (vi) is satisfied only when slip occurs at C.
Using (iii), (vii) and (ii), we can find f1 = 4.85N
From (iv) P = f1 = 4.85N

from (v) we get