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3GPP

Network Architecture

Radio Access Technologies

UMTS vs. LTE: a comparison overview


Unik4230: Mobile Communications
Khai Vuong

May 16, 2011

Discussion

3GPP

Network Architecture

Radio Access Technologies

Agenda

3GPP
Network Architecture
UMTS
LTE
Radio Access Technologies
WCDMA
OFDMA
Discussion

Discussion

3GPP

Network Architecture

Radio Access Technologies

3GPP Standards (I)

Discussion

3GPP: 3rd Generation Partnership Project


Version
Release 98
Release 99

Released
1998
2000 Q1

Release 4

2001 Q2

Release 5
Release 6

2002 Q1
2004 Q4

Info
specified pre-3G GSM network
specified the first version of UMTS, incorporating a CDMA air interface
aka. Release 2000, added all-IP Core
Network
introduced IMS and HSDPA
integrated operation with Wireless LAN
networks and added HSUPA, MBMS,
enhancements to IMS

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3GPP

3GPP

Network Architecture

Radio Access Technologies

3GPP Standards (II)

Version
Release 7

Released
2007 Q4

Release 8

2008 Q4

Release 9

2009 Q4

Release 10

2011 Q1

Discussion

Info
decreasing latency,
improvements
to QoS and real-time applications,
HSPA+ , NFC, EDGE Evolution.
First LTE release.
All-IP Network
(SAE), new OFDMA, FDE and MIMO
based radio interface.
SAES Enhancements, Wimax and
LTE/UMTS Interoperability
LTE advanced

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3GPP

3GPP

Network Architecture

Radio Access Technologies

3GPP data evolution

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2009

Discussion

3GPP

Network Architecture

Radio Access Technologies

User experience
Type of services
Web surfing
Download 5MB music
Download 750MB movie
Download HD video
Video telephony
Corporate VPN, Intranet
Mobile TV
On-demand TV
Video-based mobile advertising
...

UMTS
8 seconds
3 minutes
6.5 hours
2-3 days

Table: Data services4


4

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2009

LTE
immediately
1 second
2.5 minutes
15 minutes

Discussion

3GPP

Network Architecture

Radio Access Technologies

Services for telecommunication systems

1. Teleservice: Information that transfered between end users,


e.g speech service, messaging, emergency calls.
2. Bearer service: Different QoS classes for various type of
traffic:

Conversasional: voice, video, telephony, video gaming


Streaming: multimedia, video on-demand, webcast
Interactive: web browsing, network gaming, database access
Background: email, SMS, downloading

Discussion

3GPP

Network Architecture

Radio Access Technologies

UMTS objectives

1. improvement in data performance, multimedia services and


access to the Internet
2. new radio interface WCDMA
3. Core Network: connection function

Discussion

3GPP

Network Architecture

Radio Access Technologies

Discussion

Core Network for UMTS

MSC:Mobile switching center, switch the CS transactions

SGSN: Serving GPRS Support Node, similar to MSC/VLR but this is for PS
traffic.

GGSN: Gateway GPRS Support Node, similar to GMSC but it serves for the PS
traffic.

GMSC: Gateway MSC: a switch that connects the UMTS PLMN to the external
CS networks.

3GPP

Network Architecture

Radio Access Technologies

LTEs objectives

Discussion

1. higher data rates in both downlink and uplink transmission


2. reduce packet latency, more responsive user experience
3. flat architecture: IP-based, open interfaces, simplified network
4. flexible radio planning and high spectral efficiency
5. reduce delivery costs for rich communications
6. long-term revenue stability and growth
7. coexistence alongside circuit switched networks

UMTS Forum 2008

3GPP

Network Architecture

Radio Access Technologies

Why LTE?6

GSM

EDGE

WCDMA

HSPA

LTE

Non-3GPP technologies

Figure: Flexible upgrade path


Figure: Reduce pris per MB to
remain profitable

Nokia Siemens Networks

Discussion

3GPP

Network Architecture

Radio Access Technologies

UMTS vs. LTE Architecture

Figure: Network architecture, simplified

LTE: simplified IP flat architecture

BSC/RNC disappeared, functions transfer to eNodeB


All eNodeB connect directly through X2 interface
PS service only, voice over IP.

Image courtesy: UMTS Forum 2008

Discussion

3GPP

Network Architecture

Radio Access Technologies

LTEs interfaces: S1 and X2

Discussion

X2: connects eNodeB


MME (Mobility

Management Entity):
distribution of paging
message to eNodeB

UPE (User Plan Entity): IP

S1: self-optimizing network


8

Image courtesy: developer.att.com

header compression,
encryption of user data
stream, termimating and
switching of U-plane

3GPP

Network Architecture

Radio Access Technologies

Wideband CDMA

Figure: Access technique for UMTS

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2009

Discussion

3GPP

Network Architecture

Radio Access Technologies

Discussion

CDMA: Principles

each user is assigned a spreading code for encoding its data


Receiver knows the code of user, it can decode the received

signal, recover the original data

Bandwidth of coded data signal much larger than original

data signal due to the encoding process spreads the spectrum


of the origianl signal, based on spread-spectrum modulation

3GPP

Network Architecture

Radio Access Technologies

WCDMA in UMTS [4]


Direct Sequence CDMA system, with chip-rate 3.84 Mc/s
Combined with FDMA: every carrier is allocated 5 MHz

frequency band so that many operators can provide services


without interference each other.

Codes: scrambling and channelization

Channelization: seperates
traffic to and from different
users, called Orthogonal
Variable Spreading Factor
(OVSF) which varies from 1
to 128

Scrambling codes: not


increase bandwidth, but is
used for distinguishing
terminals in uplink and
sectors (cells) in downlink

Discussion

3GPP

Network Architecture

Radio Access Technologies

LTEs downlink: OFDMA

OFDM: Multiple access scheme,


allows simultaneous connections
to/from multiple mobile
terminals
Users share different subcarriers,
either consecutive or distributed
manner.

Discussion

3GPP

Network Architecture

Radio Access Technologies

Discussion

LTEs uplink: Single Carrier-FDMA

SC-FDMA: hybrid modulation


scheme that combines the low
PAPR techniques of single-carrier
transmission systems, such as GSM
and CDMA, with the multi-path
resistance and flexible frequency
allocation of OFDMA

Data symbols in the time domain


are converted to the frequency
domain using a discrete Fourier
transform (DFT)

Cyclic Prefix (CP) is added, a serial


sequence of symbols is modulated
and transmitted instead of parallel
OFDM-scheme

Figure: Structure for UL and DL in


LTE [5]

On receivers side, an extra N-point


IDFT is applied to reconstruct the
original symbols.

An advantage of SC-FDMA compares to


OFDMA is low Peak to Power Average
Ratio (PAPR), that helps increasing
battery life.

3GPP

Network Architecture

Radio Access Technologies

Discussion

References
Ville Eerola, LTE Network Architecture Evolution, Lecture
note in T-109.5410 Technology Management in the
Telecommunications Industry, Helsinski University of
Technology, 2010.
UMTS Forum, Toward Global Mobile Broadband, retreived
May 16, 2011from
www.umts-forum.org/component/option,com.../Itemid,12/
M. Neruda and R. Bestak, Evolution of 3GPP Core Network,
IWSSIP 2008.
Lecture notes in UniK 4230, UiO, Lecture9-10.pdf
OFDM(A) for wireless communications, Telenor R&I R 7/2008

3GPP

Network Architecture

Radio Access Technologies

A brief comparision

Requirements
Spectral Efficiency
Peak Data Rate
Sector Capacity
No. of Tranceivers/Cell
RTT User Plane
Call setup time
Mobility
Bandwidth

10

UMTS
0.2bit/s/Hz
2 Mbit/s
1 Mbit/s
30
50 ms
2s
250 km/h
5 MHz

Discussion

10

LTE
1.57bit/s/Hz
170 Mbit/s
31.4 Mbit/s
1
5 ms
50 ms
350 km/h
scalable up to 20 MHz

UMTS/HSPA to LTE Migration, Motorola Inc. 2009

3GPP

Network Architecture

Radio Access Technologies

Discussion

Point to discuss, focus on this topic, futher questions?

Discussion

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