TOTAL LENGTH CALCULATIONS FOR A PIPE SEGMENT INCLUDING VALVES AND FITTINGS

EQUIVALENT LENGTH CALCULATIONS FOR VALVES AND FITTINGS BASED ON GPSA ENGG. DATA BOOK (11TH ED.), PIPE
FLOW - A PRACTICAL & COMPREHENSIVE GUIDE (by Donald C. Rennels & Hobart M. Hudson) and CRANE TECHNICAL
PAPER No. 410M (1982 ED.)
Remarks
Project Number
Line Number
From
To
P & ID NO.
Nominal Pipe Diameter (D)

inches

Fittings
Reduced Bore 40mm and smaller
Reduced Bore 50mm and Larger
Full bore
Standard bore
Gate Valve
Reduce bore 40mm and smaller
Straight pattern
Globe Valve Y pattern
Angle Pattern
Swing Type
Check Valve
Ball or piston Type, 40mm and smaller
Regular Pattern
Plug valve
Butterfly Valve 6 inches and larger
Flow straight through
Tee - equal
Flow through side outlet
90, R=1.5D
Elbow
45, R=1.5D
90, R=4D
90, R=5D
Bend
180, R=4D
180, R=5D
Pump suction Y type and bucket type
Strainer
Product outlet nozzle vessel/tank
Nozzle
Product inlet nozzle vessel/tank
Ball Valve

Number
65 D
45 D
3D
13 D
65 D
340 D
160 D
145 D
135 D
340 D
45 D
20 D
20 D
65 D
20 D
16 D
14 D
16 D
25 D
28 D
250 D
32 D
64 D
Larger Dia. x Smaller Dia.

4
Le, (m)

13

59.4

1
12

6.6
24.4

Concentric
Expander

6x4

1.9

Concentric
Reducer

4x3

0.1

4x2

1.0

Sudden
Expansion
Sudden
Contraction

571.0
93.4
664.4

Straight Length for entered Nominal Pipe Diameter (D), m

Total Equivalent Length for Fittings, m
Total Length (Equivalent Length + Straight Length), m

PREP'D BY:

CHK'D BY:

APP'D BY:

Prepared by:

Ankur Srivastava
Chemical Engineer
e-mail: ankur_2061@hotmail.com

DATE:

Disclaimer: The information and methods included within this spreadsheet are presented for 'Total Length Calcs for Pipes,
Valves and Fittings'. It is intended to be used by technically skilled persons at their own discretion. I do not warrant the
suitability or accuracy of these methods.

Revision History
1st Issue
1. Formuals used in "Reducers & Expanders" worksheet for resistance coefficient were as folows:
a. Equation 3.18 for concentric reducers from "Crane Technical Paper 410M".
b. Equation 3.17 for concentric expanders from "Crane Technical Paper 410M".
Rev. A
SHEET 1 OF 12

Formuals used in "Reducers & Expanders" worksheet for resistance coefficient are completely new taken from the book:
"Pipe Flow - A Practical & Comprehensive Guide" by Donald C. Rennels & Hobart M. Hudson
Refer the worksheet - "K_for_Conc_Reducers_Expanders" for the highlighted formulas and for the included angle

SHEET 2 OF 12

Concentric Reducer
Refer worksheet "K_for_Conc_Reducers_Expanders" for formulas for loss or resistance
coefficient for Concentric Reducers
In the figure:
K1 = Resistance coefficient based on smaller diameter
= included angle in degrees
= d / D
where:
d = smaller diameter, inches
D = larger diameter, inches

FLOW
D

REDUCER

Concentric Expander

Refer worksheet "K_for_Conc_Reducers_Expanders" for formulas for loss or resistance

coefficient for Concentric Expanders

Equation for Equivalent Length

K1
d0. 0254
Ft

FLOW

Le =

where
Le = Equivalent length in m
d = smaller diameter in inches
Ft = Friction factor for turbulent flow

EXPANDER
d

Pipe Friction Data for Clean Commercial Steel Pipe with Flow in Zone of Complete Turbulence
Ft
Line NB
(From A-26, Crane Technical Paper No. 410M)
inch
1
0.023
1.5
0.021
2
0.019
3
0.018
4
0.017
6
0.015
8
0.014
10
0.014
12
0.013
14
0.013
16
0.013
18
0.012
20
0.012
24
0.012
30
0.011
36
0.011

CONCENTRIC REDUCER
Values of D, d and L from ASME B16.9-2003 (page 17-18)
Nominal
Pipe Size,
inches
2x1
2 x 1.5
3 x 1.5
3x2
4x2
4x3
6x3
6x4
8x6
8x4
10 x 8
10 x 6
12 x 10
12 x 8
12 x 6
14 x 12
14 x 10
14 x 8
14 x 6
16 x 14
16 x 12
16 x 10
16 x 8
18 x 16
18 x 14
18 x 12
18 x 10
20 x 18
20 x 16
20 x 14
20 x 12
24 x 20
24 x 18
24 x 16
30 x 24
30 x 20

Nominal
Larger Dia. Smaller
Pipe Size
D, inches dia. d,
(smaller
inches
dia), inches
1
1.5
1.5
2
2
3
3
4
6
4
8
6
10
8
6
12
10
8
6
14
12
10
8
16
14
12
10
18
16
14
12
20
18
16
24
20

2.374
2.374
3.5
3.5
4.5
4.5
6.626
6.626
8.626
8.626
10.75
10.75
12.75
12.75
12.75
14
14
14
14
16
16
16
16
18
18
18
18
20
20
20
20
24
24
24
30
30

1.315
1.902
1.902
2.374
2.374
3.5
3.5
4.5
6.626
4.5
8.626
6.626
10.75
8.626
6.626
12.75
10.75
8.626
6.626
14
12.75
10.75
8.626
16
14
12.75
10.75
18
16
14
12.75
20
18
16
24
20

Diameter
Length L,
Ratio (= d/D) in.

0.554
0.801
0.543
0.678
0.528
0.778
0.528
0.679
0.768
0.522
0.802
0.616
0.843
0.677
0.520
0.911
0.768
0.616
0.473
0.875
0.797
0.672
0.539
0.889
0.778
0.708
0.597
0.900
0.800
0.700
0.638
0.833
0.750
0.667
0.800
0.667

3
3
3.5
3.5
4
4
5.5
5.5
6
6
7
7
8
8
8
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
24
24

Included
concentric
Angle ,
33
15
42
30
48
24
51
36
31
60
28
52
24
46
65
9
24
38
51
14
22
35
47
13
25
33
44
10
19
28
34
19
28
37
24
38

Friction
Jet Contraction
Factor for Ratio,
turbulent
flow, Ft
0.023
0.021
0.021
0.019
0.019
0.018
0.018
0.017
0.015
0.017
0.014
0.015
0.014
0.014
0.015
0.013
0.014
0.014
0.015
0.013
0.013
0.014
0.014
0.013
0.013
0.013
0.014
0.012
0.013
0.013
0.013
0.012
0.012
0.013
0.012
0.012

Page 3 of 12

1.142
1.051
1.173
1.117
1.195
1.079
1.205
1.134
1.101
1.234
1.085
1.196
1.063
1.166
1.251
1.019
1.081
1.152
1.210
1.034
1.070
1.133
1.193
1.029
1.083
1.119
1.174
1.021
1.062
1.107
1.135
1.055
1.097
1.140
1.074
1.144

Resistance
Coefficient
based on
smaller dia., K1
0.05
0.02
0.07
0.04
0.08
0.03
0.09
0.05
0.03
0.11
0.02
0.08
0.02
0.06
0.12
0.01
0.02
0.06
0.09
0.01
0.02
0.05
0.08
0.01
0.02
0.04
0.07
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.05
0.02
0.03
0.05
0.02
0.05

Equivalent
length, Le,
m
0.08
0.05
0.16
0.13
0.26
0.12
0.44
0.32
0.35
0.74
0.39
0.92
0.34
0.99
1.38
0.22
0.47
0.86
1.02
0.30
0.51
0.88
1.24
0.31
0.67
0.96
1.31
0.35
0.57
0.93
1.15
0.65
1.11
1.52
1.06
2.14

36 x 30
36 x 24

30
24

36
36

30
24

0.833
0.667

24
24

24
45

0.011
0.012

Page 4 of 12

1.065
1.165

0.02
0.06

1.21
3.15

CONCENTRIC EXPANDER
Values of D, d and L from ASME B16.9-2003 (page 17-18)
Nominal
Pipe Size,
inches
2x1
2 x 1.5
3 x 1.5
3x2
4x2
4x3
6x3
6x4
8x6
8x4
10 x 8
10 x 6
12 x 10
12 x 8
12 x 6
14 x 12
14 x 10
14 x 8
14 x 6
16 x 14
16 x 12
16 x 10
16 x 8
18 x 16
18 x 14
18 x 12
18 x 10
20 x 18
20 x 16
20 x 14
20 x 12
24 x 20
24 x 18
24 x 16
30 x 24
30 x 20
36 x 30
36 x 24

Nominal
Larger Dia. Smaller
Pipe Size
D, inches dia. d,
(smaller
inches
dia), inches
1
1.5
1.5
2
2
3
3
4
6
4
8
6
10
8
6
12
10
8
6
14
12
10
8
16
14
12
10
18
16
14
12
20
18
16
24
20
30
24

2.374
2.374
3.5
3.5
4.5
4.5
6.626
6.626
8.626
8.626
10.75
10.75
12.75
12.75
12.75
14
14
14
14
16
16
16
16
18
18
18
18
20
20
20
20
24
24
24
30
30
36
36

1.315
1.902
1.902
2.374
2.374
3.5
3.5
4.5
6.626
4.5
8.626
6.626
10.75
8.626
6.626
12.75
10.75
8.626
6.626
14
12.75
10.75
8.626
16
14
12.75
10.75
18
16
14
12.75
20
18
16
24
20
30
24

Diameter
Length L,
Ratio (= d/D) in.

0.554
0.801
0.543
0.678
0.528
0.778
0.528
0.679
0.768
0.522
0.802
0.616
0.843
0.677
0.520
0.911
0.768
0.616
0.473
0.875
0.797
0.672
0.539
0.889
0.778
0.708
0.597
0.900
0.800
0.700
0.638
0.833
0.750
0.667
0.800
0.667
0.833
0.667

3
3
3.5
3.5
4
4
5.5
5.5
6
6
7
7
8
8
8
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
24
24
24
24

Included
concentric
Angle ,
33
15
42
30
48
24
51
36
31
60
28
52
24
46
65
9
24
38
51
14
22
35
47
13
25
33
44
10
19
28
34
19
28
37
24
38
24
45

Friction
Factor for
turbulent
flow, Ft

Resistance
Coefficient
based on
smaller dia., K1

0.023
0.021
0.021
0.019
0.019
0.018
0.018
0.017
0.015
0.017
0.014
0.015
0.014
0.014
0.015
0.013
0.014
0.014
0.015
0.013
0.013
0.014
0.014
0.013
0.013
0.013
0.014
0.012
0.013
0.013
0.013
0.012
0.012
0.013
0.012
0.012
0.011
0.012

Page 5 of 12

0.43
0.04
0.53
0.24
0.60
0.10
0.52
0.28
0.14
0.64
0.10
0.45
0.05
0.33
0.62
0.01
0.10
0.33
0.99
0.02
0.07
0.28
0.57
0.01
0.10
0.22
0.45
0.01
0.05
0.20
0.32
0.04
0.15
0.30
0.08
0.31
0.06
0.34

Equivalent
length, Le, m

0.62
0.10
1.22
0.76
1.89
0.47
2.57
1.87
1.61
4.29
1.55
5.09
1.01
5.21
6.96
0.23
1.98
5.10
11.12
0.46
1.78
5.48
8.96
0.42
2.82
5.46
8.85
0.38
1.64
5.38
7.95
1.63
5.53
9.45
3.97
13.15
3.93
17.47

Sudden Expansion & Contraction

Equations:
Sudden Expansion

K 1 =(1 2 )2

(Reference: Equation 2.9.1, Crane Technical Paper No. 410M)

Sudden Contraction

K 1 =0 .5(1 2 )

(Reference: Equation 2.10.1, Crane Technical Paper No. 410M)

where:
K1 = Resistance Coefficient (based on smaller diameter)
= ratio of diameters = d/D
d = diameter of smaller pipe
D = daimeter of larger pipe
Pipe Friction Data for Clean Commercial Steel Pipe with Flow in Zone of Complete Turbulence
Ft
Line NB
(From A-26, Crane Technical Paper No. 410M)
inch
1
0.023
1.5
0.021
2
0.019
3
0.018
4
0.017
6
0.015
8
0.014
10
0.014
12
0.013
14
0.013
16
0.013
18
0.012
20
0.012
24
0.012
30
0.011
36
0.011

Sheet 6 of 12

Equation for Equivalent Length

Le =

K1
d0. 0254
Ft

where
Le = Equivalent length in m
d = smaller diameter in inches
Sudden Expansion
Size
2x1
3 x 1.5
3x2
4x2
6x2
8x2
6x3
8x3
10 x 3
6x4
8x4
10 x 4
12 x 4
16 x 4
10 x 6
12 x 6
14 x 6
16 x 6
20 x 6
24 x 6
12 x 8
14 x 8
16 x 8
20 x 8
24 x 8
30 x 8
16 x 10
18 x 10
20 x 10
24 x 10
30 x 10
36 x 10
18 x 12
20 x 12
24 x 12
30 x 12
36 x 12
20 x 14
24 x 14
30 x 14
36 x 14
24 x 16
30 x 16
36 x 16
30 x 18
36 x 18
30 x 20
36 x 20
36 x 24

d, in.
1
1.5
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
6
6
6
6
6
6
8
8
8
8
8
8
10
10
10
10
10
10
12
12
12
12
12
14
14
14
14
16
16
16
18
18
20
20
24

Sudden Contraction
D, in.
2
3
3
4
6
8
6
8
10
6
8
10
12
16
10
12
14
16
20
24
12
14
16
20
24
30
16
18
20
24
30
36
18
20
24
30
36
20
24
30
36
24
30
36
30
36
30
36
36

0.5
0.5
0.67
0.5
0.33
0.25
0.5
0.38
0.30
0.67
0.5
0.4
0.33
0.25
0.6
0.5
0.43
0.38
0.30
0.25
0.67
0.57
0.5
0.4
0.33
0.27
0.63
0.56
0.50
0.42
0.33
0.28
0.67
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.33
0.70
0.58
0.47
0.39
0.67
0.53
0.44
0.60
0.50
0.67
0.56
0.67

K1

L e, m

0.56
0.56
0.31
0.56
0.79
0.88
0.56
0.74
0.83
0.31
0.56
0.71
0.79
0.88
0.41
0.56
0.67
0.74
0.83
0.88
0.31
0.45
0.56
0.71
0.79
0.86
0.37
0.48
0.56
0.68
0.79
0.85
0.31
0.41
0.56
0.71
0.79
0.26
0.44
0.61
0.72
0.31
0.51
0.64
0.41
0.56
0.31
0.48
0.31

0.6
1.0
0.8
1.5
2.1
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.5
1.8
3.4
4.2
4.7
5.3
4.2
5.7
6.8
7.5
8.4
8.9
4.5
6.6
8.2
10.2
11.5
12.5
6.7
8.7
10.2
12.4
14.3
15.5
7.2
9.6
13.2
16.5
18.5
7.1
11.9
16.7
19.7
9.6
16.0
20.1
15.6
21.4
13.1
20.2
15.7

Size
2x1
3 x 1.5
3x2
4x2
6x2
8x2
6x3
8x3
10 x 3
6x4
8x4
10 x 4
12 x 4
16 x 4
10 x 6
12 x 6
14 x 6
16 x 6
20 x 6
24 x 6
12 x 8
14 x 8
16 x 8
20 x 8
24 x 8
30 x 8
16 x 10
18 x 10
20 x 10
24 x 10
30 x 10
36 x 10
18 x 12
20 x 12
24 x 12
30 x 12
36 x 12
20 x 14
24 x 14
30 x 14
36 x 14
24 x 16
30 x 16
36 x 16
30 x 18
36 x 18
30 x 20
36 x 20
36 x 24

Sheet 7 of 12

d, in.
1
1.5
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
6
6
6
6
6
6
8
8
8
8
8
8
10
10
10
10
10
10
12
12
12
12
12
14
14
14
14
16
16
16
18
18
20
20
24

D, in.
2
3
3
4
6
8
6
8
10
6
8
10
12
16
10
12
14
16
20
24
12
14
16
20
24
30
16
18
20
24
30
36
18
20
24
30
36
20
24
30
36
24
30
36
30
36
30
36
36

0.5
0.5
0.67
0.5
0.33
0.25
0.5
0.38
0.30
0.67
0.5
0.4
0.33
0.25
0.6
0.5
0.43
0.38
0.30
0.25
0.67
0.57
0.5
0.4
0.33
0.27
0.63
0.56
0.50
0.42
0.33
0.28
0.67
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.33
0.70
0.58
0.47
0.39
0.67
0.53
0.44
0.60
0.50
0.67
0.56
0.67

K1

L e, m

0.38
0.38
0.28
0.38
0.44
0.47
0.38
0.43
0.46
0.28
0.38
0.42
0.44
0.47
0.32
0.38
0.41
0.43
0.46
0.47
0.28
0.34
0.38
0.42
0.44
0.46
0.30
0.35
0.38
0.41
0.44
0.46
0.28
0.32
0.38
0.42
0.44
0.26
0.33
0.39
0.42
0.28
0.36
0.40
0.32
0.38
0.28
0.35
0.28

0.4
0.7
0.7
1.0
1.2
1.3
1.6
1.8
1.9
1.7
2.2
2.5
2.7
2.8
3.3
3.8
4.1
4.4
4.6
4.8
4.0
4.9
5.4
6.1
6.5
6.7
5.5
6.3
6.8
7.5
8.1
8.4
6.5
7.5
8.8
9.8
10.4
7.0
9.0
10.7
11.6
8.7
11.2
12.5
12.2
14.3
11.8
14.6
14.1