12d Model Course Notes

Extra Dimension Solutions
12d Model Course Notes
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Basic Road Design
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12d Model Course Notes

These notes were prepared by
Tony Ingold.
These notes may be copied by an individual for personal use.
These notes MAY NOT be distributed by any business or individual other than Extra Dimension
Solutions.
These notes MAY NOT be used as the basis for a course of formal instruction without written permission
from Extra Dimension Solutions.
Extra Dimension Solutions is an authorised distributor of 12d Model.
Disclaimer
12d Model is supplied without any express or implied warranties whatsoever.
No warranty of fitness for a particular purpose is offered.
No liabilities in respect of engineering details and quantities produced by 12d Model is accepted.
Every effort has been made to ensure that the advice given in these notes and the program 12d Model is
correct however no warranty is expressed or implied by 12D Solutions or by Extra Dimension Solutions.
Copyright 2000 - 2005 by Extra Dimension Solutions
Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
ACN 082 885 890
All rights reserved.
12d Model
Civil and Surveying Software
Basic Road Design
Table of Contents
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12d Model
Basic Road Design
1. The Big Picture Road Design in 12d Model

3 44 5 6 6
4 34
78 5 9:
<3> ; 6 4 93 ?3 > 9: 4 5 6
: 9:
; 5<
93 3
< 69
95 3?9: 4 5 6
# & 3?9:
:< 58 C B 4 9
; 5<
@
A59 6 58 ? <
6
4 34 9: 5 9:
9:6 5
86= < 355 5 <9 365
< 9 4#
93 9: <369 3 59 6
8 ?<
64 369 3
4= 64 9:35 9:
:5 5 <
9 4 ;B 9
9 >
5 695 9:
3 4
<3> ; 6 4 856 6
* ?86<9 36 $ : 6 9:
64 <8 93 9: <369 3 59 6 & 64 59 6 5
9 6
95 93 ;
6 8 9 6 9:
6> 69 59 6 = 64 9 858 B
:5 5 858 B 6
6 #;89 9 43 5619 : C 93&
3?9 6 <
98
95 93 ;
5 6
355
<
* ?86<9 36 5
9 4
<9 36
3 4 9 6 5 64
12d Model
<9 365
!
Basic Road Design
2. Natural Surface TIN (Triangulated Irregular Network)

:5 5 <9 36 <3C 5
:
4 6 58 C B 4 9
693
34 = 64 9
6 8 9 6 9 93 ?3 >
5A ; 5< 59
5 93 ; 9 D 6 6 9: < 9 36 3?
@
4 58 C B 4 9 693
4 34
: <D 9: 9 9: 4 9 5 5 65 ;
<3 <9 9 ?6 < 55 B
: <D ?3 < 355 6 ; D 6 5 6 9: 4 9
!
6 8 9 9: 4 9 93 ?3 > 9 6
8 6B 36 9 6 5
(
: <D 9: 9 9: 9 6 5
334
5 69 9 36 3?9: 6 98 58 ? <
9 6 5 ?6 < 55 B
44 ;
2.1.
Loading Data (Reading Data into 12d Model)
9 93 < 9
9 6 #53> 9 > 5 < 4 > 5:= 3
9 6 8 9 36& < 6 <3> ? 3>
538 < 5@
4 5< #? 3>
4 34 &
>
59 3?<33 4 6 9 5 64
C 9 365 #A=B=E ?3 > 9&
893
4A? 3 4F #>859 ; 4&
?3 > 9 #? 3>
3
,&
C
# 5 &
< 359 9 36 4 6 #>859 ; 4&
: 4 9 ?3 9:5 <38 5 <3> 5 5@
4 4A?? ?3 9: 9
6 #58 C B 4A?&
- 4F ? ?3 9: < 4 59 #< 4 59
4F &
12d Model
D 6 5= 3 ?
9B 3?
Basic Road Design
3 3 4 9: 58 C B 4 9 = 85
6
93 3
6 9:
4 $ / ,"
Select dxf
Click icon & select

Survey.dxf
Click Read then click

Finish
12d Model
Basic Road Design
3 5 9: 58 C B 4 9 = B38 F
9: > 34 5 93 9:
6. F
6 4 93 44
Click + to display Add

List highlight the
required models and click
Select
<D
9:
" 9 ;89936 93 4 5 B 9: 4 9
6 . F # :5 5 0)33> A9 6951 &
5 9: 5 >
3< 48
93 3 4 9: ? 0< 4 59
4F 1
Select dwg
Click icon & select
cadastral.dwg
Add the cadastral data to

the Plan View
Click Read then click

Finish
12d Model
Basic Road Design
2.2.
Checking Data
4 55 3?9: 538 < 3? 9: 4 9 = B38 5:384 <: <D 9: 9 9: 4 9 5 5 65 ; ; ?3

. 4 9 36 5 5B 64 78<D= 64 <384 5 B 5 C B38 :38 5 3? F3 D 6 9: ?898
:
5B 9: 6 5 93 <: <D@
: <D 9: 9 9:
C 9 365 3?9: 4 9
5 65 ;
: <D 9: 9 9:
63 < 3556 ; D 6 5
?9 9: 9 6 8 9 36= <: <D 9: 9 9: <36938 5
5 9:
3G <9 3F5
3? <: 3?9: > 34 5
12d Model
B38 85 9
5 65;
93 65
<9 9: > 6>8> 64 > A> 8>
C 9 365
'
Basic Road Design
9F3
3; > 5 F 9: 9:5 4 9 @
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
: 5 9F3
3; > 5 5:384 ; ?A 4 5 ?3 3F5@
36 3?9:
4 59 4 9 F ; 85 4 6 9: < 9 36 3?9: 9 6 8 9 36 9 5 9B < 3?
4 59 4 9 9: 9 9 F : C 63
C 9 365 3 9:
C 9 365 F ; E 3= 53 43619
9 6 8 9 9
39 5@ HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
:
C 9 365 3? 2222 F ; 5 9 93 68 53 9: 9 9: B F ;
63 4 ;B
4 9 F384 ;
355 ; 93 5> B 639 85 9: ;3864
5 > 34 6 9: 9 6 8 9 36 $ :B 5 9:5 639 9:
; 59 53 89 36I
39 5@HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
12d Model
Basic Road Design
3 658
9C
35 9
9: 9 9: 3 695 F 9: 6 C 9 36 3?-2222 F
C & 3?-2222 F ; <36C 9 4 93 68
34
3 695 F 9: 6
C 9 36 3?68 F
639 ; 85 4 6 9: 9
63 4 48 6 9: 9
6 8 9 36= 9:
6 8 9 36
3< 55
D63F6 C 93 68 = 85
Select Model icon
:5 5 <9 36 3? 6
5 <95 9: 4 9 93 ;
<: 6 4
Select Boundaries
model
:5 5 <9 36 5 9:
9B 3?<: 6
:5 5 <9 36 5 F:
9 645 8
Click move to original

model/replace button
Click Null & then Finish
12d Model
Basic Road Design
2.3. Check for Crossing Breaklines

: <D6 ?3 < 355 6 ; D 6 5 5:384 ; 436 ; ?3
93 ; ?3864 36 9:
6
68 864
65
9: 4 9
59
6 8 9 4= 64 9:5 <3> > 64 5
Click the green

View button
Select 1
- there is only one

view in the project
Type temp
Clicking both the

Intersections and Simple
Crosses boxes will cause
12d to place a diamond
around any crossing
strings
- there is only one in the project
:5 F < 85
4 34 93 <: <D ?3 < 355 6 ; D 6 5
? 3>
3? 9: 4 9 6 9: C F . F5
85 4 3?9 6 6
4 34 93 5 <9 4 9
9 5 39 5 93 44 9: 4 9
93 C F= 9: 6 93 F3 D F 9: 3?9: 9 4 9 = 9: 6 93 <:335
4 9 ? 3>
59 3?>34 5
Add the temp
model to the Plan
View
589@
*38 F ?64 9: 9 9: > 34 <369 66
59 6 5 F:<: < 355 F 9: 59 6 5 6 39:
12d Model
C< 5 F : C
> 34 5
Basic Road Design
5 " #$
93 <
<369 695 3? 9: 9 > > 34
6 9:
6 5 85 4 659 4 3?
34 5J K
9 = ; < 85 ?9
34 5J K
< 66 9: > 34 9 F 59 ; 36
9: C F= ;89 F ; > 9B 6B
4 9 9: 9 5 44 4 93 9: > 34 F
> > 4 9 B ; C5 ;
: 6@
C< 5 ? 3> 9: . F
> 3C /
5 9: > 685 # &
: <D
6 ?3 < 355 6 ; D 6 5
65J K : <D
D6 5
<9 . F
<9 9 >
<D 69 5 <9 365 L >
355 5
44 9 > 93 9: . F
? 5: 9: . F
12d Model
Basic Road Design
2.4.
Create a TIN (Triangulated Irregular Network)
6 8 9 4 9 53 9: 9 B38 < 6 678
6BF:
36 9:
93 ?64 389 9:
" 3> 9:
6
68 85
!
!
C 9 36
Click the green

View button
Select view 1
Type existing
Type tin existing
6<
6= F F 85
C F 93 5 <9
9: 4 9 = 9:5 9 > 9 5 9: 4 9 93 ;
9 6 8 9 4
: 6 F 9 6 F ; < 9 4 ? 3>
3?
9: 4 9 6 . F
: 6 F 96
:C
6 > = 9: 6 > < 6 ; 9:38 :9
3? 5 9: 0<34 1 ?3 9: 9 6
: 96F
A59 6 1
C 6 >34
<
4 09 6
$ : 6 9 6 8 9 36 5 <3> 9 = 44 9:
> 34 <369 66 9: 9 6 #< 4 9 6
6. F
A59 6 & 93 9:
12d Model
Click Triangulate to
create the tin, then click
Finish.
Add the tin existing

model to the view
Basic Road Design
2.5.
Nulling Long Triangles

5 <9 C . F= 64 44 9: 9 6 < 4 9 6 A59 6 93 9: 6 F C F
5 69 4 ;B 9 6 5 5 <
B5 6
68
58 ? < 5
5 % &
&
5 <9 9 6 A59 6
3
<D
9: 9 6
?3
' !
( = 9: 6 < <D M 64
;89936 9: 6 0 : 4 1 93
3 6B ?8 9:
: F B 9: 9 9:
64
F 9: 9:5 9 6= F F
5
)* +
9 6 5 F 9: 5 4 36
9: 6
3
69 6 6
3? 3 55
>3C #68 & 9: 36 9
= 93 68 9:
> 3 6
B 9:5@
A > 69 F 9: 4 ?? 69
C 8 5 3? 6
64 6 9:@
- 9B
6 9: 3? > = 9: 6
6 9: 3? >
$: 6
4 34 068 51 9:
9 6 5 9: B
639 4 9 4=
>
B 98 6 4 3??
*38 < 6 85
)* '#
64 C48 9 6 5 *38 < 6 53
9 6
85 6 9:5 <3> > 64
12d Model
93 68
5 9 6B
Basic Road Design
3. Control String The Road Centreline

369 3
9 6 5 9: 5 <364 3?9: 9:
95 3? 3 4 4 5 6 6
9: 9 6= <369 3 59 6 64 4 5 6 < 355 5 <9 36 &
95
:
3< 55 4 5< ; 4 6 9: 5 639 5 < 6 ; 85 4 ?3
5 9: ; 59 9B 3?59 6 93 85 ?3 3 4
5 6
6> 69 9 6 5 5 <
6<B 5 > 69 6 4 ; 9F 6
:
9 6
:5 >
-
: 3 E369
> 695
6B 9B
64 . 9 <
3?59 6 = ;89 6
3> 9 B
64
34
# : 9:
6> 69 9 6
64 69= 64
65 9: 9@
: 3 E369 69 5 <9 36 3 695 # 5& : C 63
C 9 36 *38 < 6639 55 6 6
C 9 36 93
3 69 6 9: . F
6 : 3 E369 5:
3?9: 3 4 5 4 9 > 6 4 ;B 9:
5 64 9:
:3 E369 <8 C 5= ;89 9:
4 5 64 C 9 < <8 C 5 3?9: 3 4 < 6639 ; 4 5 6 4 6 9:
. F
6
: . 9 < 69 5 <9 36 3 695 #. 5& : C 63 A=B 3< 9 36 : C 9 < 5:
3?9: 3 4 5
4 9 > 6 4 ;B 9: . 5 64 9: C 9 < <8 C 5= ;89 B38 < 6639 4 9 > 6 9:
6 3< 9 36 3?
9: 3 4 F 9: 9: . 5
3 E369 <8 C 5 64 C 9 < <8 C 5 > 859 ; 9 6 69 93 9: 4G < 69 59
:95
3 E369
3> 9 B= 9:
64 . 9 < 4 5 65
6D 4 ;B <: 6
9 C B <: 6
36 9: :3 E369
C 9 36 3?9: 3 4 5 4 ?6 4 ;B 9: . 9 <
3> 9 B 9 9: 9 <: 6
F B 3?9:6D6 ;389 9:
6> 69 9 6 5 9: 9 9 5 59 6 9: 9 >859 ; 4 5 6 4
" 59 B38 4 5 6 9: 3 E369
3> 9 B 3?9: 59 6 6
6 C F= 9: 6 B38 4 5 6 9:
. 9<
3> 9 B 6
<9 36 C F
639:
9F <
12d Model
Basic Road Design
3.1.
5 ,!
Create an Alignment String

!
+
+
Type the road cl name

this will label the road for
longsection plots
Type the name of the

centreline Model
Click Create
6<
9 5 < <D 4= 9 < 9 5 9:
4 93 ?3 9: 6 F
6> 69 9 6
12d Model
3 4 4 5 6<
34 = 445 9 93 9: . F
6 64 3
65 6
Basic Road Design
3.2.
Horizontal Geometry 1
3.2.1.
Freehand Straights
:
6> 69 4 93 F ; 85 4 93 < 9
5 # 3 E369 69 5 <9 36 3 695& 93 4 ?6 9:
35 9 36 3?9: 59
:9
95 3?9:
6> 69= 9: 6 93 < 9 <8 C 5 9 9: ; 645
:
4 93 5 B38 933 ;3A= F 9:
3<
9 6 F
5 ?3 9:
3? 9: 933 5
3 4 < 69
3<
9 9:
:
: 5
-
3 4
3 4= 5
64 <<
64 4 9 9:
4 93 = 85 +
6 = ? 3> 9:
5= ;B < <D6
3< 9
78 4 93 <
6> 69
'
<9
35 9 36 36 9: . F
6 ?3
9 6 #F 9: 9: > 44 ;89936&
6> 69 0?
5 3?
: 641 38 :B 5 5:3F6
?38 <3>> 645 9: 9 9 5 > 3 9 69 93 ; <36?4 69 F 9:

@
64
3C
9
A9 64
D 58
9: 9 B38
12d Model
<36?4 69 93 85 9: 5 <3>> 645= ; ?3
B38
< <8 C 5 36 9:
6> 69
Basic Road Design
3.2.2.
6 9:
Curves
6> 69 4 93 = F D
12d Model
:9 9 0 8 C 51 64 5
<9 0 4 851
851= 93
< <8 C 5 9 9:
'
Basic Road Design
39 5@
$ 59 36 B <3>> 64 9: 9 B38 85
6 59B 3?0 1 ?3 9:
6B 39:
6 59B = 9:
64
3 695 F 639 4 5 B 3
6> 69 59 6
?B38 85
*38 < 6 59 > 3C 9:

5 6 9: 5 > F B 5 ; ?3 = 64 B38 < 6 53 >3C 9:
#9 6 69 3 695&
3C6 9:
5 F <: 6 9:
4 85 3?9: <8 C
*38 < 6 <: 6 9:

4 85 3?9: <8 C 6 9: 5 > F B 9: 9 B38 < 9 4 9: <8 C @
> >; 9: 9 9: <8 C 5 553< 9 4 F 9: 9:
= 53 <D 9:
C 69
9: 9: 6 9:
<8 C
3.2.3.
Spirals (also known as Transitions or Plan Transitions)
5
44 4 93 9:
5 #9 6 69 3 695N F:
9: <8 C 5 G3 6 9: 59
:95& 6 5>
> 66
6 9:
6> 69 4 93 = F D :9 9 0 8 C 51 64 5 <9 0
51= 9: 6 5 <9 64 << 9 9:
51
B
6 5
6 9:= 64 9: 5
F ; < 9 4 F: 6 B38
55 69
12d Model
Basic Road Design
3.3.
Exercise Road Horizontal Geometry -1

3>
9 9:
3 E369
3> 9 B 3?9:
3 4 ;B 44 6 <8 C 5 64 5
5 5 5:3F6
#)
( #)
#)
$#)
*
##)
$#)
3C 9:
58 C B
5 93 9: <33 4 6 9 5 5:3F6= 53 9: 9 9:
!!"##
$%$%$"%!
!& "
$ ''$"!
12d Model
3 4 4 5 6 5 F 9:6 9:
> 95 3?9:
''$"!#
$%$&("&!
%' "
$ '!!"%%
Basic Road Design
3.4.
:
6 9:
Horizontal Geometry 2 Life in the real world

9:
F B5 93 3< 9 9:
5 36 6
6> 69@
" : 64 /9B 4 <33 4 6 9 5
B;
6 64 4 59 6< ? 3> D63F6 3 69= 3 ? 3> 9:
C385
B 3< 9 6
5 6
9 36 93 39:
3 695= 58<: 5 < 4 59 ;3864
<365 C 9 36
5=
5
F3 4 9:
5=
59 > 9:34 5 ;B ? 9: >359 <3> > 36
)33> 6 36 9:
3?9: < 4 59 > 34
< 69 3?9: 3 4 <3 43 5:3F6 # 9 9:
: ? 59 59
5 93 > 58 9: <3 43
9:
F B5 93 43 9:5@
5 5:3F6
3F&
:
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
: 6 85 , !
,!
.$
' !
93
< 9 6 3??5 9 59 6 6 9: < 69 3?9:
<3 43 #*38 < 6 53 85 9:
33 ; 9: 6
&
12d Model
5= A59 6 9
3 4 < 69
6 F
; 4 5 6 4 6 9:
Basic Road Design
3.4.1.
Convert String into an Alignment String
3F F < 6 <36C 9 9: 6 F 59 6 693 6
6> 69 59 6 = 64 85 9 5 9:
5 ,!
# ( !
3 4 < 69
(
)
)
/
/
/
0
+
,+
/
/ 12
12d Model
Basic Road Design
3.5.
Vertical Design
3.5.1.
Profile the Alignment String
6< 9: 3 4 < 69 6 5 3< 9 4 6 6 #;B 9: 3 E369
3> 9 B 3?9: 3 4 : 5 5 436 6
<9 36 . F
5 % &
& ,
4 5 6 ?3 9:5 3 4
# 93 3
6 F
<9 36 . F
5& F < 6 4 5 6 9: C 9 <
85 9:5 C F 93 43 9: C 9 <
3 5 9: A59 6 36 5 <9 36 3?9: 3 4= < <D 9: 0 3? 1

;89936 ? 3> 9:
<9 36 . F= 9: 6 < <D 64 << 9 9: 3 4
< 69 6 ? 3> 9:
6. F
. /,
-
12d Model
Basic Road Design
3.5.2.
Reverse Strings
$ 6 4 93 C 5 9: 4 <9 36 3?9: 59 6 53 9: 9 : 5 9 5389: 6 64
5 ,!
,!
.$
/ ( ! 0 <D 36 9: 9 9 ;89936 3?9:
C 5 9 6
6 = 9: 6 < <D 64 << 9
9: 59 6 36 9:
6. F
3.5.3.
Clear Existing Vertical Geometry
A59 6
C 9 365 3?9:
6> 69 59 6
E 3= 5
589 3?9: > 9:34 85 4 93 < 9 9
# < 9: 9 9: < 4 59 59 6 : 4
C 9 365 ?3 E 3 9 C B 3 69& :5 5 98 9 36 F 3?9 6 3<<8
F: 6
6> 69 9 6 5
< 9 4 ? 3> 639: 9B 3?59 6 #58<: 5
3 B 6 > 3 9 4 ? 3>
893
= 3 58
59 6 5 6 9:5 < 5 &
:
?9 6 9: 6 F
< 6 59 9
6> 69 59 6 F : C < EB
C 9 365= 64 9: 5 >859 ;
5 ,!
.$ #!93 3 6 6 4 93 ?3 9:
6> 69 9 6
< <D 64 << 9 9:
6> 69 59 6 36 9:
6. F
12d Model
4 5 6
<D 9: 0 <D 4 91 ;89936 9: 6
.
/
)
)
> 3C 4 ; ?3
/,
Basic Road Design
9:
6 9:
A59 6 C 9 <
3> 9 B ? 3> 9: 59 6
6> 69 4 93 = 5
<9
!%
:5 F <3> 9 B > 3C
3?9: A59 6 C 9 <
:5 5 <3>> 64 4 F: 6 C B38 : C < 9 4 9:
? 3> 639: 9B 3?59 6
3> 9 B ?3 9: 59 6
6> 69 ;B <36C 9 6
39 5@
:
4 5:3F6 36 9: 36 5 <9 36 < 6 ; 98 6 4 36
64 3??856 #
! $ ? 3> 9:
<9 36 . F
:
4 < 6 ; 98 6 4 36 64 3??856 #
!$
12d Model
Basic Road Design
3.5.4.
44 9: 6 98
6 98 58 ? <
:
Create a Vertical Alignment

58 ? < #9 6 A59 6 & 93 9:
<9 36 . F= 64 < <D 0" 91
93 5
9:
A9 69 3?9:
6 9: 9 B38 5
6> 69 9 6 : 5 63 C 9 <
3> 9 B
$ : 9 B38 5
5 9: 6 98 58 ? <
9: 389 3?9:
6> 69 59 6
$ D
:9 36
64= 64 5
44 6 F . 5 93 9: 59 6
36
<9 . 5 93
6 9: C F ; 3F= ?38 6 F . 5 : C ; 6 44 4
F
B38 5 D 9:5
> > ; = 9 5 C B 5B 93 > 3C 9:
. 5
$ : 6 B38 : C ?65: 4 44 6 . 9 < 69 5 <9 36 3 695= :9-< <D 36 9:

<9 36 . F= 64 < <D 0 6< 1 :5 < 6< 5 9:
64 3
9 36
12d Model
Basic Road Design
3.5.5.
Refine the Vertical Design
:
6> 69 4 93 5 B38 0 33 ;3A1 3?
933 5 93 85 93 ?6 9: . 9 <
5 6
: 85 ?8 933 5
0 3C 1 64 0 A9 641
. 9<
8C 5< 6;
' ! )#
1
44 4 85 6
5 9: 5 933 5 93
: 4 5 6 5:3F6 ; 3F 5
6
? 9:5 F384 ; 86 <<
536 ;
9 ;
0? 59
551
?6 9:
39 9: 59
6> 69 93 B38 5 9 5? <9 36
9 9:
64 3?9:
3 4
39 5@HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
12d Model
Basic Road Design
4. Design Cross Section (Template)

: 9: 4 64 ?6
0 > 9 1
9 3? 3 4
5 6 6
34
5 9: <
:
> 9 4 ?6 5 9: 5:
3?9: < 355 5 <9 365 F:<: F
369 3 9 6 #9:
6> 69 9 6 &
9 36 3?9:
; <
9 4
5 6
355
64 <8
<9 36= 3
93 9:
: 4 5 6 < 355 5 <9 36 ?3 9:5 3 4 5 5:3F6 ; 3F
!&
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12d Model
$#"
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Basic Road Design
: 9 >
?38
"A 4
?3 9:
5<
9 4 856
95 93 9: 9 >
.$
9 @
:5
9 5 ?A 4 ;B 9: 4 5 6
6 9: 3?9: 3 4 9 5 " ,
#B38P&
:5
9 3?9: < 355 5 <9 36 F 639 <: 6
?9
4 34 <3> 9 5 9: " A 4
9 3?9: < 355 5 <9 36= 9 <: <D5 93 5 F: 9: 9:
59 3 69 36 9: ?A 4
9 #9: 5:384 6 9:5 < 5 & 5 6 89 3 "
?9 5 6"
9 9: 4
3?9: 5:384 = 9: 6
4 34
3 5 93 9: "
9 3?9: 9 > 9
?9: 5:384
3 69 5
6
= 4 34
3 5 93 9:
9 3?9: 9 > 9
9 5 3D B 93
C 9:
64 9: "
95 3?9: 9 >
9 ; 6D
89
: 5 659 8<9 365

<
4 389 36B ?9: 59 3 69 36 9: ?A 4
9 3?9: < 355
5 <9 36 5 6
6 9:5 < 5 9: 659 8<9 365
?3 9: < 9 36 3? 9 ; 4 6
"
: 5 659 8<9 365
<
4 389 36B ? 9: 59 3 69 36 9: ?A 4
5 <9 36 5 6 "
6 9: 5 < 5 9: 659 8<9 365
?3 9: < 9 36 3? C
!
9 3?9: < 355
?9
4 34 <3> 9 5 6B 659 8<9 365 6 9:
3 9: "
95 3?9:
"6
89/"
9 > 9 = 9 9 595 93 5
?9: 59 3 69 36 9: < 355 5 <9 36 # 9: 9: 5:384
3 69 3 9:
9 ; 4 6
3 69 6 9: 5 < 5 & 5 6
3 " = 9: 6 <
5 389 9: 659 8<9 365 6 9: 0" 6
89/" 1
9 3? 9: 9 > 9
12d Model
Basic Road Design
4.1.
Create the FIXED Part of the Template
B 9: 9 > 9 6 > 9: 6 < <D " A 4 ;89936 93 4 5
B 9: " A 4
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6 9: 9 >
9 C 8 5 9: 6 < <D
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5
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12
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3 69
5 43F6
9:
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:9 64 5 >
58 4 ? 3>
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12d Model
Basic Road Design
4.2.
<D 9:
Create the CUT Part of the Template

89 ;89936 93 4 5 B 9: .
;
89 >
.
6 9: 9 >
9 C 8 5 9: 6 < <D
/.
B ;89936 9: 6 9:
F ;89936 93 4 5
B 9: 4 5 6
.
5
/+
4
12
39 5@
:5
5 6
9 3?9: 9 >
9 F
36B ; 85 4 ?9:
59 3 69 36 9: " ,
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12d Model
Basic Road Design
4.3.
Create the FILL Part of the Template
<D 9: " ;89936 93 4 5 B 9: .
; "
>
.
6 9: 9 >
9 C 8 5 9: 6 < <D
/6
B ;89936 9: 6 9:
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B 9: 4 5 6
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5
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6
53
9 3?9: 9 >
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5 78 93
59 3 69 36 9: ?A 4
9 3? 9: 9 >
12d Model
Basic Road Design
4.4.
Create the FINAL CUT / FILL Part of the Template
<D 9: " 6
89 /" ;89936 93 4 5 B 9: " 6
89 /"
> 9
.
.
6 9: 9 >
9 C 8 5 9: 6 < <D
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76
B ;89936 9: 6 9:
F ;89936 93 4 5
B 9: 4 5 6
.
5
/+
4
12
39 5@
: 0" 6 <89 5 3 1 F ; < 9 4 ?9 9: 59 3 69 36 9: " ,
9 3?9: 9 > 9 =
64 6B 6D5 < 9 4 6 9:
3 "
95
: 0" 6 ? 5 3 1 F ; < 9 4 ?9 9: 59 3 69 36 9: " ,
9 3?9: 9 > 9 = 64
6B 6D5 < 9 4 6 9:
3 "
95
: ? 53
5 C6 5
35 9 C 68> ; = 4 5 9 9: ? <9 9: 9 9 5 5 3 6 43F6F 45
! : > A> 8> 5 3 F 49: 5 9: > A>8> 4 59 6< 9: 9
4 34 F 033D1 ?3 9: 6 98
58 ? < 9 6 ?9: 9 6 5 639 ?3864 ?9
>= 4 F 593 33D6 = 64 < 9 9: 0691
3 69 9
>
: 06 > 1 3?9: 69 ? < 59 6 F ; 0691
12d Model
Basic Road Design
5. Combining the Tin and Control String and Template

- The Apply Function
: ?6 59
6 9: < 9 36 3? 3 4 4 5 6 5 93 <3> ; 6 9: 9 6= 9 > 9 64 <369 3 59 6
93 9: 93 ?3 > 9: 3 4 4 5 6
:
5895 3?9:5 3
9 36 F ; 9: < 9 36 3?< 355 5 <9 365 #
64 <8 93 9: < 69 6 &
64 59 6 5 #
93 9: < 69 6 &
6 9:
68= 85
<:
9 3? 9: 0
9: ?3 3F 6
" 389 9:
B1
5 A
6 4 36
5 5:3F6
%
12d Model
Basic Road Design
4 34 F
> >;
3? 9:
> 9 5 9: 9 B38 ? 389 36 9:5 6
9: 9 B38 9B
6 5 9: 0"86<9 36 > 1 F ; 85 4 93 < 9:
> 9 5
0 < ?< :FB1
:FB1
: 6>
9B
:5 5 F:
B38 5 < ?B 9: 9 6 9: 9 F ; 85 4 : 9 6 F 5 < 9 4
6 9:5
<38 5 - 5 <9 0 A59 6 1 : 9 6 5 85 4 ;B
4 34 93 < 9 9: 69 ? < 6 5
#; 99 5&= 64 ?3 9: < <8 9 36 3?<89 64 ? C3 8> 5
$
54
9 >
< ?B 9 > 9 ?3 9:
?9 : 64 5 4 3?9: <369 3 59 6 = 64 ?3 9:
:9 : 64
*38 > B 5 < ?B 4 ?? 69 9 > 9 5= :3F C ?3 9:5 <38 5 F F 85 9: 5 >
9 36 ;39: 5 4 5 : 36 F G859 < 9 4 5 0 1 53 5 <9 ? 3> 59
: 0
B1 ?86<9 36 F < 9 5 <9 365

64 <8 93 9: <369 3 6 = 64 59 6 5
64 <8 93 9: <369 3 6
: 5 59 6 5 64 5 <9 365 F ; 5 C 4 693 9:
> 34 5 9: 9 B38 5 < ?B 6 9: 5
6 5
85 6 A59 6 > 34 = 659 4 B38
5:384 9B
6 F > 34 6 >
9 F384 ;
> 59 D 93 5 C 9: 6 F < 355 5 <9 365
693 9: 5 > > 34
5 9: A59 6 58 C B 4 9
B
6 F > 34 6 > ?3 9: 59 6 5
64 5 <9 365 - 0 < ?< :FB 59 6 51 64 0 < ?< :FB 5 <9 3651
!
3 9 3?9: < 355 5 <9 36

5= 6< > 69 C3 8> 5= 64 <8>8 9 C C3 8> 5 < 6
348< 4 ;B 9B 6
3 9 6 > 693 9:5 6 ?B38 78
<5
$: 6
4 34 < 9 4 9: 59 6 5
9: 5 59 6 5 < 6 ; @
93 9: <369 3 6 =
063 <51
4 59 6 #59
:9& F ; 4 F6 ; 9F 6 <: < 355 5 <9 36
0 6> 69 <51
6> 69 59 6 5 #<8 C 4 59 6 5& F ; 4 F6 ; 9F 6 9: < 355
5 <9 365
0 3B 6
<51
3 B 6 5 #<8 C 5& F ; 4 F6 ; 9F 6 <: < 355 5 <9 36
058
<51 58 59 6 5 F ; 4 F6 ; 9F 6 <: < 355 5 <9 36
3 F: 9 93 <:335 I : 9 4
645 36 :3F B38 6 93 85 9: 59 6 5
4 9 6 5 #63 <5&
9: > 359 5>
< 5 = 64 ? B38 43 639 69 6 4 93 39 9:
59 6 5= 9: 6 9:5 5 9: 78<D 59 64 > 359 5>
<:3 <
6> 69 59 6 5 # 6> 69 <5&
5 < 59 6 5 F:<: : C 64
64 69 :3 E369
64 C 9 <
3> 9 B # > >; 9: 3 4 < 69 6 9: 9 F 5 < 9 4
& ?B38
69 64 93 > 68 B 4 9 9: 59 6 5 9
9 9 > = 9: 6
6> 69 59 6 5
9: ; 59
<:3 <
9: F 5 9: B
639 9: ; 59 <:3 <
3B 6 5
5>
93 4 59 6 5= ;89 F 9: 9: 44 4 4C 69
3?: C6 <8 C 5 5 F
5 59
:95 6 > 359 < 5 5= 3 B 6
<5
9: ; 59 <:3 <
8
93 3 B 6
<5
C B 5>
<5= ;89
;89 < 6 43 > 8<: > 3
44 6639 9 36 93 9: 59 6 5= 3 <: 6 9: <3 38 3? 64 C48 5
<:335 058
<51 $
<3>> 64 9: 9 B38 85 058
<51
%
<D 36 9:
3F ; 5 4 9:
59 6 # 9:
? 6< 59 6 &
: 6 < <D 9: 0
B1 ;89936
12d Model
?B38 F 69 93
> 695= 9: 6
? 6<
6 9: 6 < <D 64 << 9 9: 3 4 < 69
9: < 69 6 59 6 6 > F ; 4 5 B 4 6 9:
6
6
Basic Road Design
$ 5 9:
B 58<< 55?8I
+
4
? 9:
B
C3 8> 5@
F3 D
6
89
3
+
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B= > 55
45
B 6 9:
659
4 3?
9:F3 D
6+ < 5
"
:
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6
+
89
)
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:
;1
12d Model
Basic Road Design
6. Driving on your Road

4
34
5 % &
3F B38 93 9 D
&
' !
44 9: 3 4 59 6 5 64 9:
36 9: . F > 68
04 C 1 36 B38 6 F 3 4
( 93 3
3 4 5 <9 365 93 9:
<D 9: 0 9 6 1 ;89936 9: 6 < <D 64 <<
12d Model
5 <9 C C F
<9 C C F 64 < <D 9: 0 C 1
9 9: 59 6 B38 F 69 93 4 C 43F6
9: < 69
;89936
Basic Road Design
<D 9: 0 C 1 ;89936 36 9:
6 93 59 9 4 C6
<9 36 3 593 4 C6 = < <D 9:
C ;89936
B 4 ??
69 B :
:95 64 5
45 ?3
4 ??
69
> 685
< 4 6 9: 5
4F
6 #3
3 > 44 ;89936&
5 <9 C 3? 9:
3 4 B38
C 5 9:
4 C6
36
39 5@
12d Model
'
Basic Road Design
7. What is Happening Understanding the Apply

64 59 64 6 :3F
4 34
4C 6< 4 4 5 6 9 <:678 5
<
9 5 9:
3 4 5 > 3 9 69= 639 ?3 9: 5 <38 5 = ;89 6 9: >3
355 5 <9 365

< 9 4 <<3 4 6 93 9: 9 > 9 =
64 <8 93 9:
? 6< 59 6 #3 9: :6 59 6
?9:5 5 5 < ? 4&
<: 3 69 36 9: < 355 5 <9 36 : 5
6 > 5 C 6 6 9: 9 > 9
"6 B
59 6 5
12d Model
34 0G3 65 9: 43951= 93 <

93 9:
? 6< 59 6
Basic Road Design
8. Editing the Horizontal Geometry Move HIPs and Extend

Straights
8.1.
Exercise - Road Horizontal Geometry 2
6 6
6> 69 4 93 = 64 85 9: 933 5 6 9:
38 :B 5 5:3F6
39 9: 9 ?3 9:5 A < 5 # 5 6 9:
F3 4&
9:
5 63 0<3 <91 4 5 6= 53 43 639 F3 B 933
>8<: ?B38 < 619 9 9 A <9 B 9: 5 >
C
53
4 5< ? 0 >
3 4
69 6
4 1 5
; 93
4 693 9:
3G <9 ?B38 <:335 93 43
6> 69 4 93 93 <
3 4
6> 69
*= #
*=( !
39 5@HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
99 6 9:
9 9 : 6
12d Model
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
Basic Road Design
9. Editing the Vertical Geometry

9.1.
Adding VIPs
$ : 6 9: :3 E369
3> 9 B : 5 ; 6 <3> 9 4= 9: C 9 <
3> 9 B >859 ; <3> 9 4
: C 9<
3> 9 B F:<: F 5 < 9 4
F 59 A59= 64 < 6 ; 5 6 ?9: 3 4 < 69
5 3? 4 # 6
<9 36 C F < <D 9: 0 3? 1 ;89936= 9: 6 <:335 64 << 9 59 6 ? 3>
C F&
6
6
A59 6 58 ? < 5 5:3F6 36 9:

6 389 3?9:
6> 69= 64 5:3F5
9: 9 9:
6 9: 3?9: 59 6 6 6 5
36
9: 6 9:
6 9: 6 5 <9 36
3 <3> 9 9: C 9 < 4 5 6 F > 859

85 6 4 93 ?3 9: 59 6
5 ,!
.$ #!= 9: 6 < <D 64 <<
9 9: 59 6 # 6 9:
63
<9 36 C F&
6> 69 4 93 F 3 6 :5 4 93
3C4 5
3?9: 933 5 9: 9 B38 F 6 4 93 <3> 9 9:
4 5 6 : 4 93 F
53 3<D 9: 59 6 #63
39: <3> > 64 6
4 < 6 <: 6 9: 59 6 & 64
3C4 5 <3> 9 8643 64 43 < ; 9B
12d Model
Basic Road Design
64 >3
. 9<
69 5 <9 36 3 695 #. 5& 93 9: 4 5 6= 85 9: ?3 3F 6
56 9:
6> 69 4 93 = 5
<9 +
%'
3993> ?9 3? 9: 5<
B38 F: 9 93 43R
<9 9:
3
9 64 3?9: A59 6 59 6 # 6 9:5 < 5 9:
<9 4= 9: 6 << 9 9: 9 64 #> 44 ;89936&
:335
3< 48 @
?9 : 64 64 : 5 ;
6=
4F
3< 9 36 ?3 9: 6 F .
: 6 F
9 3?9: C 9 <
6> 69
F ; <366 <9 4 93 9: A59 6
9
$ : 6 B38 : C ?65: 4 44 6 . 5=
:9 < <D 64 < <D 6< 93 < 6< 9:
0
641 3
9 36= 3 :9
12d Model
Basic Road Design
9.2.
Complete the Vertical Geometry
44 . 5 64 <8 C 5 93 9:
6 A>
3? 355 ;
0 :91 65F #;89 53>
6> 69 93 <3>
9 9: C 9 <
3> 9 B ?3 9:
3 4
C 9<
6> 69 5 C 6 ; 3F
5 6 > 359 < 5 5 3?4 5 6= 9:
6> 695 > B ; ; 99 9: 6 39: 5&
5 63
9.3.
Recalculate the Apply Function
:5 3
9 36 F
< <8 9 9: 0
B1 ?86<9 36
: A59 6 3 4 59 6 5 64 3 4 5 <9 365 F ; 4
64 9: 6 -< 9 4 85 6 9: 6 F 3 4 < 69 6
12d Model
9 4=
Basic Road Design
9.4.
Drive on Your New Road
9
5 <9 C C F= 44 9: 3 4 59 6 5 64
5 <9 365= < <D 9:
C ;89936 36 9:
5 <9 C
C F > 68
5 % &
& ' !
(
12d Model
!!
Basic Road Design
10. Plan Plotting

10.1.
Simple Plan Plot
6 399 6
9: 6 5 <9
5 > 359 F B5 436 ? 3>

39
6C F
6 39
6 3
6 9: . F
68 < <D 36 9:
39
;89936=
65 ?3 9: C F 9: 9 B38 F 5: 93
39
5 B38 < 6 5 = 9 5 355 ; 93 39 93 4 C< #

F 643F5 69 & 3 93 4A?3 4F ?
399 6 93
> 34 F 5 64 9:
39 693 > 34 F:<: < 6 9: 6 ;
44 4 93 C F
:5 5 6 ?? <9 C
69
C F
12d Model
Basic Road Design
?6
39 ?
?B38
85 6
69 = 9: ? F ; F 99 6= 5 69 93 9:
69 = 9: 6
4 9 4 ?B38
399 6 93 4A?3 4F = 9: 6 9:
39 ? 5 9: 6 > 3?9: ? 9: 9 F ;
348< 4 *38 > 859 C
6> :
?6
5< ?3 9:
39 $ : 6 B38 55 69 =
4 F < <8 9 9: >3869 3?
78 4 93 39
9:
F3 4 8695 C5 ; 6 9: C F 9 9: 5< 9: 9
B38 C
?B38 E33> 6 3 389= 9: 6 9: >3869 3?
78 4 F <: 6
4 9 ;B < <D6 6 9: 0 <
@1
? 4= 64
55 6 69
6 9:5 < 5 5 @
= 9: >3869 3?
+ ' '( > > A ! '
+!> >
78 4 5
? B38 D B 6 9: 5 E 3?
= 4 34 F
< <8 9 9: 5<
78 4 93 ?9 9: <369 695 3?
9: C F 93 9:
6 9:5 < 5 > B
5: 9 F384
@
( !' 5 5:3F6
44 9
5 64 9:
78
5<
3?
A9 ? 78 4= 64 < <D 9: 0 391 ;89936 93

39
12d Model
!(
Basic Road Design
11. Long Section Plots

: 36 5 <9 36 ? 4 93 5 ?3 < 9 6 64/3 4 9 6
5 <9 36 ?? 64 ?3 < 9 6
36 5 <9 36 39
<D 36 9:
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3 < 9 36 5 <9 36
4 5 6= < <D 36 9: M
93 A 64 9: 4 5 B
A 64
6 ?3 ?8 9:
395 3?B38
<9 36 36
39
3> 5 <9 365
5 <9 36
3F 4 69 ? 5 9:
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Basic Road Design
11.1. Change Design Surface

<9 #2
'!- !* !
9 9 6 = 9B 0
9 9 6 = 9B 0 .
1
11.2. Change Tin Title (Natural Surface)

<9 #2
$
9 0
"
1 64 9B
0,
1
11.3. Change Chainage Title/Values

<9 #2
(
9 0
1 64 9B 0
11.4. Change Chainage Interval

<9
,
!
9 0 1 64 9B 0 1
12d Model
!2
Basic Road Design
11.5.
<9
6
9B
Datum Area
- !
:
60
93 4 98> 6
589@ : 5 <: 6 5
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12d Model Course Notes - Basic Road Design PDF

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Basic Road Design