JOB # 1

Date: 02-09-2014
hrs

Tuesday

Time: 12:30-14:30

To determine the Mannings coefficient & Chezys

coefficient of laboratory fume.
Objective:
1. Physically measure n and c.
2. Relationship between n and c.
3. To study variation of n and c as the function of velocity.

Apparatus:
1. Glass sided tilting flume.
2. Hook gauge.

Related Theory
Uniform Flow:

It is the type of flow in which flow parameters do not change as a

function of displacement. Mathematically this condition is defined as
follows:
dv
da
ds
dQ
=0, =0, =0,
=0
dx
dx
dx
dx

Steady Flow:

It is the type of flow in which flow parameters do not change as a

function of time. Mathematically it is defined as:
dv
da
ds
dQ
=0, =0, =0,
=0
dt
dt
dt
dt

Mannings formula:

It is mathematically defined as follow:

2

1
Q= R 3S 2A ( S . I )
n
2

1.49 3 2
Q=
R S A ( FPS )
n
where
Q= Discharge

n= Mannings roughness coefficient

R= Hydraulic Radius (R= Area/Perimeter)
S= Channel bed slope
A= Area of flow
Mannings equation is an empirical equation that applies to open channel
flows. It is a function of velocity, flow area and channel bed.
Mannings coefficient represents the roughness or the applied friction by
the channel bed.

Chazy Formula:

Chazy formula is given as follows:

v =C RS
where
v= Velocity of flow
C= Chazys coefficient
R= Hydraulic radius
S= Channel bed slope
Chazy formula is applicable to a wide range of flows. Chazys
coefficient is a function of flow forces (inertia/viscous) and the relative
roughness of the channel bed.

Relationship between n and C:

2

1
Q= R 3S 2A ( i )
n
2

Q= Av ( ii )

v =C RS ( iii ) From (i), (ii) & (iii) we have

1
AC RS= R 3 S 2A
n
Simplification of the above equations gives us the following relationship
between n and C
1
1
C= R 6
n

Observations and Calculations:

Width of flume= 300 mm
Slope (S)= 1/500

Discha
rge

Depth of flow

mm

m3/s
0.0089
42
0.0116
59
0.0138
53
0.0162
44
0.0178
84
0.0199
95

Area

m2
0.015
6

Y1

Y2

Y3

Yavg

58

53

45

52

65

64

51

60

0.018

71.5

70

60

67.166
67

80

73.3

64.8

72.7

84

81.5

68

91.4

91

74

0.020
15
0.021
81
0.023
35
0.025
64

77.833
33
85.466
67

Hydra
ulic
Radius
Rh=
A/P
m
0.0386
14
0.0428
57
0.0463
93
0.0489
67
0.0512
44
0.0544
45

Veloci
ty
V
m/s
0.5732
05
0.6477
22
0.6874
94
0.7447
96
0.7659
1
0.7798
36

Chezy
Coeffici
ent

Mannin
g's
Coeffici
ent

65.22640
65
69.96199
61
71.37199
58
75.26093
18
75.65592
86
74.73242
85

0.008913
2
0.008455
55
0.008398
74
0.008036
77
0.008055
58
0.008237
92

Comments:
1. For different discharges values of Chezys and Mannings constants were
determined experimentally.
2. Chezys and Mannings constant have an inverse relationship between
each other.
3. With increase in velocity results show that Chezys constants value increases
while Mannings constants value decreases.