Using Adams/Car Truck - MD Adams 2010

Welcome to Adams/Car Truck
2 Adams/Car Truck
Introducing Adams/Car Truck
Adams/Car Truck
Welcome to the Adams/Car Truck templates from MSC.Software. Adams/Car is a virtual prototyping
product that creates, catalogs, and analyzes full vehicles and vehicle suspensions.
All template-based products have two interfaces: Standard Interface and Template Builder. You can
use the Template Builder interface to create and modify components and templates, and the Standard
Interface to change parameters and analyze suspension or vehicle assemblies.
This section introduces you to the templates that have been specifically developed for the trucking
industry. For general information about building templates, communicators etc., please see the section
Building Models in the Adams/Car documentation.
The purpose of providing these templates is to have examples available to show how to model multi-axle,
multi-subsystem assemblies that are common in the trucking industry. These examples can be modified
and populated with vehicle specific data. Adams/Car allows you to perform component, subsystem, and
full-vehicle analyses in one single environment. With this template-based parametric modeling approach,
you can quickly explore multiple what if design scenarios. You can animate vehicle or subsystem motion
onscreen, display graphs of key parameters, and produce standardized test reports.
Welcome to Adams/Car Truck 3
Assembly Configuration
The shared_truck database represents an 18-wheel Tractor and trailer assembly with the following
approximate specifications:
GVM - Gross vehicle mass: 38000 kg (distributed over 5 axles)
Wheel & Tire mass: 80kg
Wheelbase: Total -5700mm and cab-to-axle - 4000mm
Approximate weight distribution for suspension test rigs:
msc_susp_front_leafs.asy -> 2 wheels mass = 160kg, sprung mass = 8000kg
msc_truck_susp_3links.asy -> 2 wheels mass = 160kg, sprung mass = 8000kg
msc_susp_driven_axle.asy -> 4 wheels mass = 320kg, sprung mass = 7500kg
msc_susp_trailer_axle.asy -> 4 wheels mass = 320kg, sprung mass = 7500kg
Preferred Solver setting:

Choice of solver: CXX or F77
MAXIT :100
Equilibrium Stability: 0.01
Assembly Variants:
There are two types of brake and leafspring suspension systems available:
• Drum air brake system and disc brake systems
• Beam leafspring and SAE 3link leafspring system
Bus Assembly Database:

The Truck database also provides bus assembly templates and subsystems. The steering, drive axle sub-
assemblies are similar to truck database. The bus uses wishbone suspension with anti-roll bar at front and
4 Adams/Car Truck
rigid axle suspension at rear. The assembly uses disc brakes on four wheels. The wheelbase is 2000mm.
There are no assembly variants for the bus.
Adams/Car Truck Database

The organization of the Adams/Car Truck database is as shown below:
The database can be summarized as follows:
Assemblies Subsystems Templates

msc_tractor_unit msc_tractor_tandem_drive_axle msc_truck_air_drum_brakes
msc_tractor_semitrailer msc_truck_air_drum_brakes msc_truck_aux_parts
msc_susp_driven_axle msc_truck_aux_parts msc_truck_brake
msc_susp_trailer_axle msc_truck_beam_leafspring msc_truck_cab_suspension
msc_susp_front_leafs msc_truck_brake msc_truck_drive_axle
msc_susp_front_3links msc_truck_cab_suspension msc_truck_leaf_3link
msc_truck_drive_axle msc_truck_leaf_spring
msc_truck_drive_wheels msc_truck_powertrain
msc_truck_drive_wheels_2 msc_truck_rigid_cab
msc_truck_leaf_3link msc_truck_rigid_tractor
msc_truck_powertrain msc_truck_rigid_trailer
msc_truck_rigid_cab msc_truck_steer_suspension
msc_truck_rigid_tractor msc_truck_steering
msc_truck_rigid_trailer msc_truck_tandem_drive_axle
6 Adams/Car Truck
Assemblies Subsystems Templates

msc_truck_steer_suspension msc_truck_air_drum_brakes
msc_truck_steer_wheels msc_truck_trailer_axle
msc_truck_steering msc_truck_trailer_brake
msc_truck_trailer_air_drum_brakes msc_truck_wheels_dual
msc_truck_trailer_axle_front msc_bus_rigid_chassis
msc_truck_trailer_axle_rear msc_truck_double_wishbone_suspension
msc_truck_trailer_brake
msc_truck_trailer_wheels
msc_truck_trailer_wheels_2
msc_bus_brakes
msc_bus_front_ARB
msc_bus_front_suspension
msc_bus_powertrain
msc_bus_rear_suspension
msc_bus_rigid_body
msc_bus_steering
The following figures show complete assemblies and the location of the templates within:
8 Adams/Car Truck
Templates Overview
Templates Overview
msc_truck_rigid_cab
Overview
This template represents the cab of the tractor.
Template name
_msc_truck_rigid_cab
Major role
cab
Application
Full-vehicle analysis
Description
The cab consists of three boxes representing the engine, driver and sleeping compartments. The cab
suspension and bushings mount the cab on a rigid tractor frame.
Files referenced
mdi_0001.bus
10 Adams/Car Truck
Templates Overview
msc_truck_driver_seat.bus
Topology
The following table maps the topology of the template:
The joint: Connects the part: To the part:

jksfix_hood_to_cab ges_hood ges_cab
jksfix_cab_to_frame ges_cab mtr_cab_mount
bg[lr]_front_seat_to_cab_bushing.field ges_cab ges_driver_seat
bg[lr]_rear_seat_to_cab_bushing.field ges_cab ges_driver_seat
bk[lr]_front_cab_mount.field mt[lr]_cab_mount ges_cab
bk[lr]_hood_frame.field mt[lr]_hood_frame_mount ges_hood
bk[lr]_hood_to_cab.field ges_cab ges_hood
bks_hood_to_cab_center.field ges_cab ges_hood
Parameters
None
Communicators
Mount parts provide the connectivity between the template and cab_suspension subsystems.
Input communicators receive information about mounting of the cab on rigid_tractor frame. The output
communicators define the cab_suspension location, main exhaust and steering column support.
The following table lists the communicators in the template.
The communicator: Belongs to the class: Has the role:

ci[lr]_cab_mount mount inherit
ci[lr]_hood_frame_mount mount inherit
co[lr]_cab_suspension_shocks mount inherit
co[lr]_main_exaust_to_cab mount inherit
co[lr]_stack_to_cab mount inherit
cos_cab_suspension mount inherit
co[lr]_steering_column_to_body mount inherit
Templates Overview
msc_truck_cab_suspension
Overview
This template provides connection between the cab and the rigid_tractor frame.
Template name
_msc_truck_cab_suspension
Major role
cab_suspension
Application
Description
This template represents the main cab suspension unit. A truck cab is isolated from the tractor frame by
means of a combination of springs and dampers. Upper and lower mount parts are connected to the cab
frame and the tractor frame, respectively. A longitudinal rod is used to connect the cab to the frame and
to react loads in that direction
Files referenced
msc_truck_cab_suspension_lateral_bar.bus
msc_truck_cab_suspension_shock.dpr
msc_truck_cab_suspension_shock.bus
msc_truck_cab_suspension_airspring.spr
12 Adams/Car Truck
Templates Overview
Topology
Lower and upper shock parts are connected via a cylindrical joint. Fixed joints are used to connect lower
airbag parts to the mounts.
The following table maps the topology of the template.

ge[lr]_upper_shock ge[lr]_upper_shock ge[lr]_lower_shock
jo[lr]fix_lower_airbag_to_mount ge[lr]_lower_airbag mt[lr]_lower_airbag_to_frame
jo[lr]fix_upper_airbag_to_mount ge[lr]_upper_airbag mt[lr]_upper_airbag_to_cab
bg[lr]_lower_shock_to_mount.field ge[lr]_lower_shock mt[lr]_shock_to_frame
bg[lr]_upper_shock_to_mount.field ges_lateral_bar ge[lr]_upper_shock
bgs_left_lateral_bar_to_mount.field ge[lr]_upper_shock mts_lateral_rod_to_frame
bgs_right_lateral_bar_to_mount.field ges_lateral_bar mts_lateral_rod_to_cab
da[lr]_shock_damper.force mt[lr]_shock_to_cab mt[lr]_shock_to_frame
ns[lr]_airbag_spring.force mt[lr]l_upper_airbag_to_cab mt[lr]_lower_airbag_to_frame
ns[lr]_airbag_spring.spdp_force mt[lr]_upper_airbag_to_cab mt[lr]_lower_airbag_to_frame
Parameters
None
Communicators
Mount parts provide connectivity between the template and the cab and rigid_tractor, subsystems.
Input communicators receive information about the shock absorber, spring and bumpstop locations, etc.
There are no output communicators.
The following table lists the communicators in the template:

ci[lr]_lower_airbag_to_frame mount inherit
ci[lr]_shock_to_cab mount inherit
ci[lr]_shock_to_frame mount inherit
ci[lr]_upper_airbag_to_cab mount inherit
cis_lateral_rod_to_cab mount inherit
cis_lateral_rod_to_frame mount inherit
cis_lower_bump_stop_to_frame mount inherit
cis_upper_bump_stop_to_cab mount inherit
Templates Overview
msc_truck_rigid_tractor
Overview
The template represents a frame with integrated fifth wheel to which the subassemblies like cab,
suspension and drive axles, etc. are attached.
Template name
_msc_truck_rigid_tractor
Major role
Body
Application
Full-vehicle analyses
Description
The rigid tractor system forms the basic frame of the tractor to which the cab, suspension and other
subassemblies connect through flexible couplings (bushing). The trailer is hitched to the tractor through
the fifth wheel.
Files referenced
msc_truck_fifth_wheel_frame.bus
fifth_wheel.shl
Topology
The template contains information about the frontal area, air density and drag coefficient which is used
to calculate the aerodynaminc drag based on the vehicle velocity. No joints are defined but a series of
14 Adams/Car Truck
Templates Overview
communicators define the attachment points for other subassemblies. The fifth wheel is connected to the
tractor frame rigidly or through bushing depending on the kinematic_mode parameter.
Parameters
The parameter information in the template helps to calculate the aerodynamic drag on the vehicle for
which the following parameters are specified:
The parameter: Takes the value: Its units are:

pvs_aero_frontal_area real area
pvs_air_density real density
pvs_drag_coefficient real no_units
Communicators
Single input communicator and number of output communicators define the attachment point for the
subassemblies to the frame as listed below:

cis_std_tire_ref location inherit
co[lr]_cab_mount mount inherit
co[lr]_cab_susp_shock_to_frame mount inherit
co[lr]_fd_shock_to_frame mount rear
co[lr]_fd_spring_to_frame mount rear
co[lr]_fifth_wheel_to_trailer mount inherit
co[lr]_fifth_wheel_to_frame mount inherit
co[lr]_front_airtank_to_frame mount inherit
cos_fifth_wheel_location location trailer
co[lr]_front_engine_to_frame mount truck
co[lr]_front_susp_leafspring_mount mount any
co[lr]_front_susp_shackle_mount mount any
co[lr]_front_susp_upper_shock mount front
co[lr]_hood_frame_mount mount inherit
co[lr]_lower_airbag_to_frame mount inherit
co[lr]_lower_front_fueltank_to_frame mount inherit
co[lr]_lower_middle_fueltank_to_frame mount inherit
co[lr]_lower_radiator_to_frame mount inherit
Templates Overview

co[lr]_lower_rear_fueltank_to_frame mount inherit
co[lr]_rd_shock_to_frame mount rear_2
co[lr]_rd_spring_to_frame mount rear_2
co[lr]_rear_airtank_to_frame mount inherit
co[lr]_rear_engine_to_frame mount inherit
co[lr]_rear_suspension_to_frame mount rear_2
co[lr]_suspension_to_frame mount rear
co[lr]_upper_front_fueltank_to_frame mount inherit
co[lr]_upper_middle_fueltank_to_frame mount inherit
co[lr]_upper_radiator_to_frame mount inherit
co[lr]_upper_rear_fueltank_to_frame mount inherit
cos_aero_drag_force solver_variable inherit
cos_aero_frontal_area parameter_real inherit
cos_air_density parameter_real inherit
cos_body_subsystem mount inherit
cos_chassis_path_reference marker inherit
cos_drag_coefficient parameter_real inherit
cos_driver_reference marker inherit
cos_fd_panhard_rod_to_frame mount rear
cos_lateral_rod_to_frame mount any
cos_lower_back_bbox_to_frame mount inherit
cos_lower_bump_stop_to_frame mount inherit
cos_lower_front_bbox_to_frame mount inherit
cos_main_exhaust_to_frame_1 mount inherit
cos_measure_for_distance marker inherit
cos_pitman_mount marker inherit
16 Adams/Car Truck
Templates Overview

cos_powertrain_to_body mount truck
cos_press_valve_link_to_frame mount inherit
cos_rd_panhard_rod_to_frame mount rear_2
cos_upper_back_bbox_to_frame mount inherit
cos_upper_front_bbox_to_frame mount inherit
msc_truck_rigid_trailer
Overview
The template represents a trailer frame similar to the tractor frame which carries the payload and is
hitched to the tractor through the fifth wheel.
Template name
_msc_truck_rigid_trailer
Major role
Trailer
Application
Templates Overview
Description
The rigid trailer system forms the basic frame of the trailer which is hitched to the tractor through the
fifth wheel. The trailer is connected next to the trailer axle through rear suspension.
Files referenced
mdi_0001.bus
Topology
The template contains information about the joint location of the fifth wheel and the attachment point for
the suspension shock-absorbers. The paylod (test mass) is connected through a fixed joint to the trailer
body.
A stake force connects the fifth wheel mount and trailer body which is responsible for the angle between
the tractor and trailer during cornering.
Parameters
The following parameters are specified in the template:

pvs_Leg_from_bulkhead real length
pvs_Trailer_height real length
pvs_Trailer_width real length
pvs_Trailer_length real length
Communicators
A single input communicator and a number of output communicators define the attachment point for the
subassemblies to the frame as listed below:

cis_fifth_wheel_location location inherit
cis_fifth_wheel_to_trailer mount inherit
co[lr]_Fr_airbag_frame mount trailer
co[lr]_Fr_Shock_top mount trailer
co[lr]_Fr_Trail_a_frame mount trailer
co[lr]_Rr_airbag_frame mount trailer_2
co[lr]_Rr_Shock_top mount trailer_2
co[lr]_Rr_trail_a_frame mount trailer_2
18 Adams/Car Truck
Templates Overview
msc_truck_aux_parts
Overview
This template provides connection between auxiliary parts with the tractor cab and frame.
Template name
_msc_truck_aux_parts
Major role
aux_parts
Application
Description
Air tanks and other rigid bodies are attached to the mount parts via bushings. There are no joints present
in the model. Mount parts defined in this template connect to other templates, in particular to the cab
(main exhaust pipes) and to the tractor.
Files referenced
msc_truck_left_stack.shl
msc_truck_right_stack.shl
msc_truck_main_exhaust.shl
msc_truck_airtank_to_frame.bus
msc_truck_fueltank_to_frame.bus
Templates Overview
msc_truck_exhaust.bus
Topology
All the auxiliary components like exhaust, air tank, fuel tank, etc. are rigidly attached to the cab and
tractor frame using fixed or flexible joints.
Parameters
None
Communicators
Mount parts provide the connectivity between the template and the cab, rigid_tractor subsystems. Input
communicators receive information about the airtank, fuel tank and exaust mounting. There are no output
communicators.

ci[lr]_front_airtank_to_frame mount inherit
ci[lr]_lower_front_fueltank_to_frame mount inherit
ci[lr]_lower_middle_fueltank_to_frame mount inherit
ci[lr]_lower_rear_fueltank_to_frame mount inherit
ci[lr]_main_exhaust_to_cab mount inherit
ci[lr]_rear_airtank_to_frame mount inherit
ci[lr]_stack_to_cab mount inherit
ci[lr]_upper_front_fueltank_to_ mount inherit
ci[lr]_upper_middle_fueltank_to_frame mount inherit
ci[lr]_upper_rear_fueltank_to_frame mount inherit
cis_lower_back_bbox_to_frame mount inherit
cis_lower_front_bbox_to_frame mount inherit
cis_main_exhaust_to_frame_1 mount inherit
20 Adams/Car Truck
Templates Overview

cis_upper_back_bbox_to_frame mount inherit
cis_upper_front_bbox_to_frame mount inherit
msc_truck_leaf_spring
Overview
The leaf_srping system template is a representation of the conventional semi-elliptical suspension spring
used in a solid axle vehicle.
Template name
_msc_truck_leaf_sping
Major role
suspension
Application
Suspension and full vehicle assemblies
Templates Overview
Description
The leaf laminates are formed by a series of discrete elements coupled together by a beam element. The
laminates are connected to each other by a direct force_vector to represent frictional and impact forces.
The beam element can be modified to change the stiffness of the spring (by changing cross-section, shear
ratios and Young’s modulus).
Files referenced
msc_truck_leaf_front_to_frame.bus
msc_truck_leaf_rear_to_shackle.bus
msc_truck_leaf_shackle_to_frame.bus
msc_truck_leaf_to_axle.bus
Topology
The leafseat mounts the leafspring on the front axle. The leaf-spring eye is attached to the chassis through
bushing. The front eye is directly connected to the chassis through bushing, whereas the rear eye is
connected through shackle with intermediate bushes.
Parameters
Contains no parametric information
Communicators
Mount parts provide the connectivity between the template and suspension subsystems.
Input communicators receive information about the front rear mount locations. The output communicator
provides the information of leafseat on axle.

ci[lr]_leaf_front mount inherit
ci[lr]_leaf_rear mount inherit
co[lr]_leaf_to_axle mount inherit
22 Adams/Car Truck
Templates Overview
msc_truck_leaf_3link
Overview
This template contains the SAE 3 link representation of the leafspring.
Template name
_msc_truck_leaf_3link
Major role
suspension
Application
Suspension and Full-vehicle analysis
Description
The leaf is formed by connecting three rigid sections, namely, fore, aft and leafseat.
Files referenced
mdi_0001.bus
Templates Overview
Topology
Leafseat, fore and aft section of the single leaf are connected through bushing to form a leafspring. The
fore and aft eye is then connected to the frame through bushings (with intermediate shackle at rear end ).

bg[lr]_aft_leaf_attachment.field ge[lr]l_leafseat ge[lr]_leaf_aft
bg[lr]_aft_leaf_bushing.field ge[lr]_shackle ge[lr]_leaf_aft
bg[lr]_fwd_leaf_attachment.field ge[lr]_leafseat ge[lr]_leaf_fwd
bg[lr]_fwd_leaf_bushing.field mt[lr]_leaf_front ge[lr]_leaf_fwd
bg[lr]_shackle_bushing.field mt[lr]_leaf_rear ge[lr]_shackle
Parameters
None
Communicators

ci[lr]_leaf_front mount inherit
ci[lr]_leaf_rear mount inherit
co[lr]_leaf_attach_loc location inherit
co[lr]_leaf_to_axle location inherit
24 Adams/Car Truck
Templates Overview
msc_truck_steering
Overview
This is a simple re-circulating ball, pitman arm steering system, with power assist. It is commonly used
in heavy trucks. It consists of a three-bar mechanism: pitman arm, steering link, and steering input arm.
Template name
_msc_truck_steering
Major role
Steering
Application
Suspension and full-vehicle assemblies
Description
A re-circulating ball steering gear transmits motion from the steering wheel to the pitman arm. The
pitman arm rotates to impart motion to the steering link. The steering link pulls and pushes the steering
input arm which steers the wheels.
Files referenced
truck_steer_assist.ste
Templates Overview
Topology
The re-circulating ball steering gear consists of three major parts:
• Input shaft
• Ball screw
• Rack
The steering wheel rotates the steering input shaft. The steering input shaft attaches to the ball screw
through a torsion bar. The ball screw imparts translational motion to the rack, through a coupler. The rack,
in turn, rotates the pitman arm through a coupler.
The pitman arm drags the steering link and steering input arm, which is directly connected to the left
wheel, which pulls the tie rod, connected to the right wheel.

joscon_input_steering_arm_to_axle ges_steer_input_arm ges_steer_link
joscyl_steering_column ges_steering_column ges_column_housing
joshoo_column_intermediate ges_steering_column ges_intermediate_shaft
joshoo_intermediate_shaftinput ges_intermediate_shaft ges_input_shaft
josrev_ball_screw_steering_gear ges_ball_screw mts_pitman_mount
josrev_input_shaft_steering_gear ges_input_shaft mts_pitman_mount
josrev_pitman_arm_to_frame ges_pitman_arm mts_pitman_mount
josrev_steering_wheel ges_steering_wheel ges_column_housing
jossph_pitman_to_draglink ges_pitman_arm ges_steer_link
jostra_rack_steering_gear ges_rack mts_pitman_mount
grsred_ball_screw_input_shaft_lock josrev_input_shaft_steering_gear josrev_ball_screw_steering_gear
grsred_ball_screw_rack josrev_ball_screw_steering_gear jostra_rack_steering_gear
grsred_pitman_arm_rack josrev_ball_screw_steering_gear jostra_rack_steering_gear
grsred_pitman_arm_rack josrev_pitman_arm_to_frame jostra_rack_steering_gear
grsred_steering_wheel_column_lock josrev_steering_wheel joscyl_steering_column
Parameters
A parameter variable switches between kinematic and compliant mode, effectively defining the status of
the ball screw input shaft lock reduction gear.
26 Adams/Car Truck
Templates Overview
The following table lists the parameters in the template:

phs_kinematic_flag integer no units
pvs_max_rack_displacement real length
pvs_max_rack_force real force
pvs_max_steering_angle real angle
pvs_max_steering_torque real torque
phs_steering_assist_active integer no units
Communicators

cis_pitman_mount mount inherit
cis_steering_column_to_ body mount inherit
cis_strarm_to_spindle mount inherit
cos_max_rack_displacement parameter_real inherit
cos_max_rack_force parameter_real inherit
cos_max_steering_angle parameter_real inherit
cos_max_steering_torque parameter_real inherit
cos_steering_rack_joint joint_for_motion inherit
cos_steeing_wheel_joint joint_for_motion inherit
Templates Overview
msc_truck_steer_suspension
Overview
This template represents steerable solid axle front suspension of a truck.
Template name
_msc_truck_steer_suspension
Major role
Suspension
Application
Description
The template forms the steerable front suspension. The tie rod, steering arm and axle forms a four bar
chain with two revolute and two spherical joints. The suspension upright forms the wheel carrier part.
The solid axle in turn supports leafspring suspension and dampers. The steering input arm (in steering
subsystem) connects to the left suspension upright.
Files referenced
msc_truck_front_susp_shock_mount.bus
msc_truck_front_susp_damper.dpr
28 Adams/Car Truck
Templates Overview
Topology

jk[lr]hoo_top_mount_kinematic ge[lr]_upper_shock_body mt[lr]_shock_to_frame
jolcy[lr]_lower_upper_strut ge[lr]_lower_shock_body ge[lr]_upper_shock_body
jo[lr]fix_leaf_to_axle mt[lr]_leaf_to_axle ge[lr]_axle
jo[lr]rev_axle_to_spindle ge[lr]_spindle ge[lr]_upright
jo[lr]rev_upright_to_axle ge[lr]_upright ge[lr]_axle
jo[lr]sph_tie_rod_to_upright ges_tie_rod ge[lr]_upright
josfix_axle gel_axle ger_axle
josper_tie_rod_ori ges_tie_rod gel_upright
bg[lr]_shock_to_axle.field ge[lr]_lower_shock_body ge[lr]_axle
bk[lr]_shock_to_frame.field mt[lr]_shock_to_frame ge[lr]_upper_shock_body
da[lr]_shock_force.force ge[lr]_lower_shock_body ge[lr]_upper_shock_body
Parameters

pv[lr]_camber_angle real angle
pv[lr]_toe_angle real angle
Communicators
Mount parts provide connectivity between the template and the rigid_cab, wheels.
Input communicators receive information about the leafspring location and attachement point for
damper-to-frame. The output communicators define the wheel-center steering arm location, and
suspension parameter array.

ci[lr]_leaf_to_axle mount inherit
co[lr]_camber_angle parameter_real inherit
Templates Overview

co[lr]_suspension_mount mount inherit
co[lr]_suspension_upright mount front
co[lr]_toe_angle parameter_real front
co[lr]_wheel_center location inherit
cos_strarm_to_spindle mount front
cos_suspension_parameters_ARRAY array inherit
msc_truck_drive_axle
Overview
This template represents the solid axle suspension typically used on tractors.
Template name
_msc_truck_drive_axle
Major role
Suspension
Application
30 Adams/Car Truck
Templates Overview
Description
The template is used in conjunction with the dual tire template in the tractor assembly as the driving solid
axle. Longitudinal load is reacted by the rigid hockey sticks, and lateral load is reacted by the panhard
rod. Drive torque left and right are applied as rotational single component forces between hub parts and
the solid axle. A simple model of a limited slip differential is also included in this suspension template.
There are no rigid parts or gears in the axle differential unit: a differential torque is transferred from one
hub to the other depending on the difference of the wheel rotational speeds. The rotational speeds of the
left and right half shafts are computed in a user defined solver variable and their difference is used as an
independent variable in the akima interpolation of the limited slip differential spline. An input
communicator of type solver variable receivers the total axle torque. That value, corrected with the
appropriate differential torque, is then referenced in the two joint force actuators. The joint force
actuators produce the driving torque between the rotating hub parts and the solid axle.
Files referenced
mdi_viscous.diff
mdi_0001.spr
mdi_0001.bus
mdi_0001.dpr
Topology
Hub parts are connected to the solid axle via rotational joints. Dual wheel template mounts to the hubs.
Hockey sticks are connected to the solid axle via a combination of primitive joints and bushings. The
suspension is connected to the tractor subsystem via mount parts at the springs, dampers, panhard rod
bushings and hockey sticks revolute joints.

jk[lr]con_lower_shock ge[lr]_lower_shock sw[lr]_lower_shock_mount
jk[lr]rev_trailing_arm_to_frame g ge[lr]_trailing_arm mt[lr]_trailing_arm_to_frame
jk[lr]sph_upper_shock ge[lr]_upper_shock mt[lr]_shock_to_frame
jkshoo_panhard_link_to_rod ges_panhard_link ges_panhard_rod
jkssph_panhard_rod_to_frame ges_panhard_rod mts_panhard_rod_to_frame
jo[lr]cyl_shock ge[lr]_upper_shock ge[lr]_lower_shock
jo[lr]fix_trailing_arm_to_axle ge[lr]_trailing_arm ge[lr]_drive_axle
jo[lr]rev_hub_to_axle ge[lr]_hub ge[lr]_drive_axle
josfix_axles gel_drive_axle ger_drive_axle
josfix_panhard_link_to_axle ges_panhard_link ger_drive_axle
jo[lr]per_tripot_to_hub mt[lr]_tripot_to_differential gel_hub
bk[lr]_lower_shock.field sw[lr]_lower_shock_mount ge[lr]_lower_shock
Templates Overview

bk[lr]_trailing_arm_to_frame.field mt[lr]_trailing_arm_to_frame ge[lr]_trailing_arm
bk[lr]_upper_shock.field mt[lr]_shock_to_frame ge[lr]_upper_shock
bks_panhard_link_to_rod.field ges_panhard_rod ges_panhard_link
bks_panhard_rod_to_frame.field mts_panhard_rod_to_frame ges_panhard_rod
da[lr]_damper.force ge[lr]_lower_shock ge[lr]_upper_shock
ns[lr]_spring.force sw[lr]_lower_spring_mount mt[lr]_spring_to_frame
ns[lr]_spring.spdp_force sw[lr]_lower_spring_mount mt[lr]_spring_to_frame
Parameters

phs_driveline_active integer no units
pvs_final_drive real no units
Communicators
Mount parts provide connectivity between the template and the tractor, wheel subsystems. Input
communicators receive information about the shock absorber, spring locations, etc. The output
communicator provides information regarding the wheel, differential mounting and suspension
parameter array, etc.

ci[lr]_spring_to_frame mount inherit
ci[lr]_tire_force force inherit
ci[lr]_trailing_arm_to_frame mount inherit
ci[lr]_tripot_to_differential mount inherit
cis_panhard_rod_to_frame mount inherit
co[lr]_diff_tripot location inherit
32 Adams/Car Truck
Templates Overview

co[lr]_lddrv_outside_whl_mount mount inherit
co[lr]_lddrv_suspension_mount mount inherit
co[lr]_lddrv_suspension_upright mount inherit
co[lr]_outside_wheel_center location inherit
co[lr]_toe_angle parameter_real inherit
cos_axle_diff_mount mount inherit
cos_driveline_active parameter_integer inherit
cos_halfshaft_omega_left solver_variable inherit
cos_halfshaft_omega_right solver_variable inherit
msc_truck_tandem_drive_axle
Overview
This template represents the solid twin axle suspension typically used on tractors.
Templates Overview
Template name
_msc_truck_tandem_drive_axle
Major role
Suspension
Application
Description
The template is used in conjunction with the dual tire template in the tractor assembly as the driving solid
axle. Longitudinal load is reacted by the rigid hockey sticks and lateral load is reacted by the panhard
rod. Drive torque left and right are applied as rotational single component forces between hub parts and
the solid axle. A simple model of a limited slip differential is also included in this suspension template.
There are no rigid parts or gears in the axle differential unit: a differential torque is transferred from one
hub to the other, depending on the difference of the wheel rotational speeds. The rotational speeds of the
left and right half shafts are computed in a user defined solver variable and their difference is used as
independent variable in the akima interpolation of the limited slip differential spline. An input
communicator of type solver variable receives the total axle torque. That value, corrected with the
appropriate differential torque, is then referenced in the two joint force actuators. The joint force
actuators produce the driving torque between the rotating hub parts and the solid axle.
Files referenced
mdi_viscous.dif
mdi_0001.spr
mdi_0001.bus
mdi_0001.dpr
Topology
Hockey sticks are connected to the solid axle via a combination of primitive joints and bushings. The
suspension is connected to the tractor subsystem via mount parts at the springs, dampers, panhard rod
bushings and hockey sticks revolute joints.

jk[lr]con_lower_shock ge[lr]_lower_shock sw[lr]_lower_shock_mount
jk[lr]con_lower_shock_2 ge[lr]_lower_shock_2 sw[lr]_lower_shock_mount_2
jk[lr]rev_trailing_arm_to_frame g ge[lr]_trailing_arm mt[lr]_trailing_arm_to_frame
jk[lr]rev_trailing_arm_to_frame_2 g ge[lr]_trailing_arm_2 mt[lr]_trailing_arm_to_frame_2
34 Adams/Car Truck
Templates Overview

jk[lr]sph_upper_shock ge[lr]_upper_shock mt[lr]_shock_to_frame
jk[lr]sph_upper_shock_2 ge[lr]_upper_shock_2 mt[lr]_shock_to_frame_2
jkshoo_panhard_link_to_rod ges_panhard_link ges_panhard_rod
jkshoo_panhard_link_to_rod_2 ges_panhard_link_2 ges_panhard_rod_2
jkssph_panhard_rod_to_frame ges_panhard_rod mts_panhard_rod_to_frame
jkssph_panhard_rod_to_frame_2 ges_panhard_rod_2 mts_panhard_rod_to_frame_2
jo[lr]cyl_shock ge[lr]_upper_shock ge[lr]_lower_shock
jo[lr]cyl_shock_2 ge[lr]_upper_shock_2 ge[lr]_lower_shock_2
jo[lr]fix_trailing_arm_to_axle ge[lr]_trailing_arm ge[lr]_drive_axle
jo[lr]fix_trailing_arm_to_axle_2 ge[lr]_trailing_arm_2 ge[lr]_drive_axle_2
jo[lr]rev_hub_to_axle ge[lr]_hub ge[lr]_drive_axle
jo[lr]rev_hub_to_axle_2 ge[lr]_hub_2 ge[lr]_drive_axle_2
josfix_axles gel_drive_axle ger_drive_axle
josfix_axles_2 gel_drive_axle_2 ger_drive_axle_2
josfix_panhard_link_to_axle ges_panhard_link ger_drive_axle
josfix_panhard_link_to_axle_2 ges_panhard_link_2 ger_drive_axle_2
jo[lr]per_tripot_to_hub mt[lr]_tripot_to_differential gel_hub
jo[lr]per_tripot_to_hub_2 mt[lr]_tripot_to_differential_2 gel_hub_2
bk[lr]_lower_shock.field sw[lr]_lower_shock_mount ge[lr]_lower_shock
bk[lr]_lower_shock.field_2 sw[lr]_lower_shock_mount_2 ge[lr]_lower_shock_2
bk[lr]_trailing_arm_to_frame.field mt[lr]_trailing_arm_to_frame ge[lr]_trailing_arm
bk[lr]_trailing_arm_to_frame.field_2 mt[lr]_trailing_arm_to_frame_2 ge[lr]_trailing_arm_2
bk[lr]_upper_shock.field mt[lr]_shock_to_frame ge[lr]_upper_shock
bk[lr]_upper_shock.field_2 mt[lr]_shock_to_frame_2 ge[lr]_upper_shock_2
bks_panhard_link_to_rod.field ges_panhard_rod ges_panhard_link
bks_panhard_link_to_rod.field_2 ges_panhard_rod_2 ges_panhard_link_2
bks_panhard_rod_to_frame.field mts_panhard_rod_to_frame ges_panhard_rod
bks_panhard_rod_to_frame.field_2 mts_panhard_rod_to_frame_2 ges_panhard_rod_2
da[lr]_damper.force ge[lr]_lower_shock ge[lr]_upper_shock
da[lr]_damper.force_2 ge[lr]_lower_shock_2 ge[lr]_upper_shock_2
ns[lr]_spring.force sw[lr]_lower_spring_mount mt[lr]_spring_to_frame
ns[lr]_spring.force_2 sw[lr]_lower_spring_mount_2 mt[lr]_spring_to_frame_2
Templates Overview

ns[lr]_spring.spdp_force sw[lr]_lower_spring_mount mt[lr]_spring_to_frame
ns[lr]_spring.spdp_force_2 sw[lr]_lower_spring_mount_2 mt[lr]_spring_to_frame_2
Parameters

phs_driveline_active integer no units
pv[lr]_camber_angle_2 real angle
pv[lr]_toe_angle_2 real angle
pvs_final_drive real no units
pvs_final_drive_2 real no units
Communicators
Mount parts provide connectivity between the template and the tractor, wheel subsystems. Input
communicators receive information about the shock absorber, spring locations, etc. The output
communicator provides information regarding the wheel, differential mounting and suspension
parameter array, etc.

ci[lr]_shock_to_frame mount rear
ci[lr]_shock_to_frame_2 mount rear_2
ci[lr]_spring_to_frame mount rear
ci[lr]_spring_to_frame_2 mount rear_2
ci[lr]_tire_force force rear
ci[lr]_tire_force_2 force rear_2
ci[lr]_trailing_arm_to_frame mount rear
ci[lr]_trailing_arm_to_frame_2 mount rear_2
ci[lr]_tripot_to_differential mount rear
ci[lr]_tripot_to_differential_2 mount rear_2
36 Adams/Car Truck
Templates Overview

cis_panhard_rod_to_frame mount rear
cis_panhard_rod_to_frame_2 mount rear_2
co[lr]_camber_angle parameter_real rear
co[lr]_camber_angle_2 parameter_real rear_2
co[lr]_diff_tripot location rear
co[lr]_diff_tripot_2 location rear_2
co[lr]_lddrv_outside_whl_mount mount rear
co[lr]_lddrv_outside_whl_mount_2 mount rear_2
co[lr]_lddrv_suspension_mount mount rear
co[lr]_lddrv_suspension_mount_2 mount rear_2
co[lr]_lddrv_suspension_upright mount rear
co[lr]_lddrv_suspension_upright_2 mount rear_2
co[lr]_outside_wheel_center location rear
co[lr]_outside_wheel_center_2 location rear_2
co[lr]_toe_angle parameter_real rear
co[lr]_toe_angle_2 parameter_real rear_2
cos_axle_diff_mount mount rear
cos_axle_diff_mount_2 mount rear_2
cos_driveline_active parameter_integer rear
cos_driveline_active_2 parameter_integer rear_2
cos_halfshaft_omega_left solver_variable rear
cos_halfshaft_omega_left_2 solver_variable rear_2
cos_halfshaft_omega_right solver_variable rear
cos_halfshaft_omega_right_2 solver_variable rear_2
cos_suspension_parameters_ARRAY array rear
cos_suspension_parameters_ARRAY_2 array rear_2
Templates Overview
msc_truck_trailer_axle
Overview
This template represents a solid axle suspension typically used on trailers.
Template name
_msc_truck_trailer_axle
Major role
Suspension
Application
Description
The template represents a simple rigid axle trailing-arm suspension with springs and shock absorbers.
Dual wheels are mounted on the axle to make the complete suspension system. It also connects to the
brake templates.
Files referenced
msc_truck_trailer_axle_airbag.spr
msc_truck_trailer_axle.dpr
msc_truck_trailer_axle_shock.bus
msc_truck_trailer_A_frame.bus
msc_truck_trailer_arm_to_axle.bus
38 Adams/Car Truck
Templates Overview
Topology
The suspension is connected to the trailer subsystem via mount parts at the springs and dampers.

jo[lr]cyl_shock ge[lr]_shock_top ge[lr]_shock_bottom
jo[lr]rev_spindle ge[lr]_spindle ge[lr]_axle
bg[lr]_shock_to_frame_field mt[lr]_shock_top ge[lr]_shock_top
bg[lr]_shock_to_trail_arm.field ge[lr]_trail_arm ge[lr]_shock_bottom
bg[lr]_trail_arm_to_axle.field ges_axle ge[lr]_trail_arm
da[lr]_damper.force ge[lr]_shock_bottom ge[lr]_shock_top
bg[lr]_trail_arm_to_frame.field mt[lr]_trail_arm_to_frame ge[lr]_trail_arm
ns[lr]_spring.force ge[lr]_trail_arm mt[lr]_airbag_to_frame
ns[lr]_spring.spdp_force ge[lr]_trail_arm mt[lr]_airbag_to_frame
Parameters

pv[lr]_camber_angle Real angle
pv[lr]_toe_angle Real angle
Communicators
Mount parts provide the connectivity to the trailer and wheel subsystems. Input communicators receive
information about the toe and camber suspension orientation and the wheel-center location.

ci[lr]_airbag_to_frame mount real
ci[lr]_shock_top mount inherit
ci[lr]_trail_arm_to_frame mount inherit
co[lr]_pad_axle mount inherit
Templates Overview

co[lr]_pad_axle mount inherit
co[lr]_trl_outside_wheel_center location inherit
co[lr]_trl_outside_whl_mount mount inherit
co[lr]_trl_suspension_mnt mount inherit
co[lr]_trl_suspension_upright mount inherit
co[lr]_trl_wheel_center location inherit
co[lr]_wheel_mount mount inherit
msc_truck_wheels_dual
Overview
The dual wheel template represents a dual wheel arrangement on drive and trailer axles of the truck. It
uses the tire property file and supports three basic functions:
• Supports vertical load
• Develops longitudinal forces for acceleration and braking
• Develops lateral forces for cornering
Template name
_msc_truck_wheel_dual
40 Adams/Car Truck
Templates Overview
Major role
Wheel
Application
Description
The dual wheel system template consists of wheel parts rigidly connected to mount parts. The tire contact
patch forces are transformed in forces and torques applied at the hub. A series of user-written subroutines
perform the force calculation depending on the tire property file that you selected. The road property file
determines the road contact model. For additional information about using tire and road models, see the
Adams/Tire online help.
Files referenced
The wheel system template references a tire property file for each wheel part. The default tire property
file is msc_truck_fiala.tir, stored in the tires.tbl directory of the Adams/Car Truck shared database.
Topology
The outside and inside wheel are rigidly connected by fixed joint, and the inside wheel in turn is
connected to spindle.
Communicators
Mount parts provide connectivity to the suspension subsystems, and output communicators publish
information about tire forces and wheel orientation. Tire force output communicator is used by the drive
axle template in order to evaluate the halfshaft angular velocity during a quasi static analysis. The
halfshaft velocity contributes to the calculation of the engine speed during quasi-static analysis.
The following table lists the communicators in the wheel system template.

ci[lr]_camber_angle parameter_real inherit
ci[lr]_outside_wheel_center location inherit
ci[lr]_suspension_upright mount inherit
ci[lr]_suspension_mount mount inherit
ci[lr]_toe_angle parameter_real inherit
ci[lr]_wheel_center location inherit
co[lr]_outside_tire_force force inherit
co[lr]_rotor_to_wheel mount inherit
Templates Overview

co[lr]_tire_force force inherit
co[lr]_wheel_orientation orientation inherit
cos_tire_forces_array_left array inherit
cos_tire_forces_array_right array inherit
msc_truck_air_drum_brakes
Overview
The drum-brake system template represents an air brake device that applies resistance to the motion of a
vehicle.
Template name
_msc_truck_air_drum_brakes
Major role
Brake_system
Application
Full-vehicle analysis to simulate the effect of braking on the dynamics of the vehicle
42 Adams/Car Truck
Templates Overview
Description
The drum-brake system template represents a model of air brake system. It converts the brake line
pressure to brake torque which is applied to the wheels. This template models the brakes at three axles.
Files referenced
None
Topology
An ac_point_torque_actuator acts between the suspension upright and wheel part. The brake line
pressure is converted to brake_ torque based upon the friction coefficient and load sensitive pressure
metering.
Parameters
The braking torque is expressed as a function of a number of parameters as listed below:

pvs_front_axle_load_at_max_braking real force
pvs_drive_axle_load_at_max_braking real force
pvs_brake_mu real no_units
pvs_demand_to_pressure_cnvt real no_units
pvs_drum_radius real length
pvs_drum_width real length
pvs_hub_wheel_offset real length
pvs_pressure_to_torque_cnvt real torque
Communicators
Mount parts provide connectivity between the template and suspension subsystems. Input
communicators receive information about the toe and camber suspension orientation and the wheel-
center location. Input to the brake system is brake demand.

ci[lr]_camber_angle parameter_real front
ci[lr]_camber_angle_front_drive parameter_real rear
ci[lr]_camber_angle_rear_drive parameter_real rear_2
ci[lr]_inside_tire_force_front_drive force rear
Templates Overview

ci[lr]_inside_tire_force_rear_drive force rear_2
ci[lr]_outside_tire_force_front_drive force rear
ci[lr]_outside_tire_force_rear_drive force rear_2
ci[lr]_suspension_upright mount front
ci[lr]_suspension_upright_front_drive mount rear
ci[lr]_suspension_upright_rear_drive mount rear_2
ci[lr]_tire_force force front
ci[lr]_toe_angle parameter_real front
ci[lr]_toe_angle_front_drive parameter_real rear
ci[lr]_toe_angle_rear_drive parameter_real rear_2
ci[lr]_wheel mount front
ci[lr]_wheel_front_drive mount rear
ci[lr]_wheel_rear_drive mount rear_2
ci[lr]_wheel_center location front
ci[lr]_wheel_center_front_drive location rear
ci[lr]_wheel_center_rear_drive location rear_2
cis_brake_demand solver_variable any
msc_truck_brake
Overview
The tractor disc-brake system template represents a device that applies resistance to the motion of a
vehicle.
44 Adams/Car Truck
Templates Overview
Template name
_msc_truck_tractor_brake
Major role
Brake_system
Application
Full-vehicle (tractor only) analysis to simulate the effect of braking on the dynamics of the vehicle.
Description
The disc-brake system template represents a simple model of a brake system. It applies a rotational torque
between the caliper and the rotor. A pair of disc brakes is mounted on each axle. The brake line pressure
is divided into two channels, front and rear, depending on the brake_bias. This brake line pressure is
converted to brake torque depending upon the brake_demand, coefficient of friction, effective piston
radius and the velocity of the vehicle.
Files referenced
None
Topology
The rotor is rigidly attached to the wheel. A caliper is fixed to the suspension, housing any number of
pistons, the effective area of which is specified as a parameter. The brake bias determines the amount of
braking line pressure distributed to each axle. Effective piston radius and the friction coefficient are used
to convert the brake line pressure into braking torque. The disc-brake template is a simple model of a
brake system. It does not model the complex interaction between the rotor and caliper.
Parameters
The following table lists the parameters in the template.

pvs_front_brake_bias Real No units
pvs_front_brake_mu Real No units
pvs_front_effective_piston_radius Real mm
pvs_front_piston_area Real mm2
pvs_front_rotor_hub_wheel_offset Real mm
pvs_front_rotor_hub_width Real mm
pvs_front_rotor_width Real mm
pvs_max_brake_value Real No units
Templates Overview

pvs_rear_brake_bias Real No units
pvs_rear_brake_mu Real No units
pvs_rear_effective_piston_radius Real mm
pvs_rear_piston_area Real mm2
pvs_rear_rotor_hub_wheel_offset Real mm
pvs_rear_rotor_hub_width Real mm
pvs_rear_rotor_width Real mm
Communicators
Mount parts provide the connectivity to the axle and wheels. Input communicators receive information
about the toe and camber suspension orientation and the wheel-center location. Input to the brake system
is brake demand.

ci[lr]_front_camber_angle parameter_real front
ci[lr]_front_rotor_to_wheel mount front
ci[lr]_front_tire_force force front
ci[lr]_front_toe_angle parameter_real front
ci[lr]_front_wheel_center location front
ci[lr]_front_suspension_ upright mount front
ci[lr]_rear_rotor_ro_wheel_1 mount rear
ci[lr]_rear_rotor_ro_wheel_2 mount rear_2
ci[lr]_rear_suspension_ upright_1 mount rear
ci[lr]_rear_suspension_ upright_2 mount rear_2
ci[lr]_rear_toe_angle parameter_real rear
ci[lr]_rear_tire_force force rear
ci[lr]_rear_camber_angle parameter_real rear
ci[lr]_rear_wheel_center_1 location rear
ci[lr]_rear_wheel_center_2 location rear_2
cos_max_brake_value parameter_real inherit
46 Adams/Car Truck
Templates Overview
msc_truck_trailer_brake
Overview
The trailer disc-brake system template represents a device that applies resistance to the motion of a
vehicle.
Template name
_msc_truck_trailer_brake
Major role
Brake_system
Application
Full-vehicle (tractor and semi-trailer) analysis to simulate the effect of braking on the dynamics of the
vehicle
Description
The disc-brake system template represents a simple model of a brake system. It applies a rotational torque
between the caliper and the rotor. A pair of disc brake is mounted on each axle. The brake line pressure
is divided into three channels, front, rear, and trailer depending upon the brake bias. This brake demand
is converted to line pressure and brake torque depending upon the coefficient of friction, effective piston
radius and the velocity of the vehicle.
Files referenced
None
Topology
Topology is same as _msc_truck_brake.
Templates Overview
Parameters

pvs_front_brake_bias real No units
pvs_front_brake_mu real No units
pvs_front_effective_piston_radius real mm
pvs_front_piston_area real mm2
pvs_front_rotor_hub_wheel_offset real mm
pvs_front_rotor_hub_width real mm
pvs_front_rotor_width real mm
pvs_max_brake_value real No units
pvs_rear_brake_bias real No units
pvs_rear_brake_mu real No units
pvs_rear_effective_piston_radius real mm
pvs_rear_piston_area real mm2
pvs_rear_rotor_hub_wheel_offset real mm
pvs_rear_rotor_hub_width real mm
pvs_rear_rotor_width real mm
pvs_trailer_brake_bias real No units
pvs_trailer_brake_mu real No units
pvs_trailer_effective_piston_radius real mm
pvs_trailer_piston_area real mm2
pvs_trailer_rotor_hub_wheel_offset real mm
pvs_trailer_brake_bias real no units
pvs_trailer_rotor_hub_width real mm
pvs_trailer_rotor_width real mm
Communicators
Mount parts provide the connectivity between the template and axle, wheel subsystems. Input
communicators receive information about the toe and camber suspension orientation and the wheel-
center location. Input to the brake system is brake demand.
48 Adams/Car Truck
Templates Overview

ci[lr]_front_camber_angle parameter_real front
ci[lr]_front_rotor_to_wheel mount front
ci[lr]_front_tire_force force front
ci[lr]_front_toe_angle parameter_real front
ci[lr]_front_wheel_center location front
ci[lr]_front_suspension_ upright mount front
ci[lr]_rear_rotor_ro_wheel_1 mount rear
ci[lr]_rear_rotor_ro_wheel_2 mount rear_2
ci[lr]_rear_suspension_ upright_1 mount rear
ci[lr]_rear_suspension_ upright_2 mount rear_2
ci[lr]_rear_toe_angle parameter_real rear
ci[lr]_rear_tire_force force rear
ci[lr]_rear_camber_angle parameter_real rear
ci[lr]_rear_wheel_center_1 location rear
ci[lr]_rear_wheel_center_2 location rear_2
ci[lr]_trailer_camber_angle parameter_real trailer
ci[lr]_trailer_rotor_to_wheel_1 mount trailer
ci[lr]_trailer_rotor_to_wheel_2 mount trailer_2
ci[lr]_trailer_suspension_upright_1 mount trailer
ci[lr]_trailer_suspension_upright_2 mount trailer_2
ci[lr]_trailer_wheel_center_1 location trailer
ci[lr]_trailer_wheel_center_2 location trailer_2
ci[lr]_trailer_toe_angle parameter_real trailer
cos_max_brake_value parameter_real inherit
Templates Overview
msc_truck_powertrain
Overview
This template represents the powertrain including the clutch and gear box.
Template name
_msc_truck_powertrain
Major role
powertrain
Application
Description
The powertrain template is functional representation based on an internal combustion engine, clutch and
a gearbox model. The engine combustion model takes the throttle demand and produces a crankshaft
torque as a result of a three dimensional spline interpolation. Independent variables are engine RPM and
throttle position. Torque is divided with inter- and intra-axle differentials.
Files referenced
mdi_0001.bus
V12_engine_map.pwr
MDI_viscous.dif
50 Adams/Car Truck
Templates Overview
Topology
The powertrain produces a transmission output torque acting on the front driveshaft, reacted on the
powertrain part. The front driveshaft drives a coupler splitting torque between the front and rear axles.
The front and rear axles then split torque left and right through differentials.

jo[lr]rev_diff_output_F ge[lr]_diff_output_F mts_diff_mount_F
jo[lr]rev_diff_output_R ge[lr]_diff_output_R mts_diff_mount_R
josrev_front_driveshaft_to_axle ges_front_driveshaft mts_diff_mount_F
josrev_interaxle_diff_output_to_axle ges_interaxle_diff_output mts_diff_mount_F
josrev_rear_driveshaft_to_axle ges_rear_driveshaft mts_diff_mount_R
grsdif_front_drive_axle josrev_interaxle_diff_output_to_axle jolrev_diff_output_F
jorrev_diff_output_F
grsdif_interaxle_diff josrev_front_driveshaft_to_axle josrev_interaxle_diff_output_to_axle
josrev_rear_driveshaft_to_axle
grsdif_rear_drive_axle josrev_rear_driveshaft_to_axle jolrev_diff_output_R
jorrev_diff_output_R
bkl_front_engine_mount.field mts_powertrain_to_body ges_powertrain
bkl_rear_engine_mount.field mts_powertrain_to_body ges_powertrain
bkr_front_engine_mount.field mts_powertrain_to_body ges_powertrain
bkr_rear_engine_mount.field mts_powertrain_to_body ges_powertrain
Parameters
The following table lists the parameters used in the template:

pvs_clutch_capacity Real troque
pvs_clutch_close Real no units
pvs_clutch_damping Real torsion_damping
pvs_clutch_open Real no units
pvs_clutch_stiffness Real none
pvs_clutch_tau Real time
pvs_ems_gain Real none
pvs_ems_max_throttle Real no units
Templates Overview

pvs_ems_throttle_off Real no units
pvs_engine_idle_speed Real no units
pvs_engine_inertia Real inertia
pvs_engine_rev_limit Real no units
pvs_final_drive Real no units
pvs_gear_1 … to … 18 Real no units
pvs_gear_r Real no units
pvs_graphics_flag Integer no units
pvs_max_gears Integer no units
pvs_max_throttle Real no units
Communicators

ci[lr]_diff_tripot_F location rear
ci[lr]_diff_tripot_R location rear_2
ci[lr]_tire_force_F force rear
ci[lr]_tire_force_R force rear_2
cis_clutch_demand solver_variable inherit
cis_diff_mount_F mount rear
cis_diff_mount_R mount rear_2
cis_initial_engine_rpm parameter_real any
cis_powertrain_to_body mount inherit
cis_sse_diff1 diff inherit
cis_throttle_demand solver_variable inherit
cis_transmission_demand solver_variable inherit
co[lr]_tripot_to_differential_F mount rear
co[lr]_tripot_to_differential_R mount rear_2
cos_clutch_displacement_ic solver_variable inherit
cos_default_downshift_rpm parameter_real inherit
cos_default_upshift_rpm parameter_real inherit
cos_diff_ratio parameter_real inherit
52 Adams/Car Truck
Templates Overview

cos_engine_idle_rpm parameter_real inherit
cos_engine_map spline inherit
cos_engine_max_rpm parameter_real inherit
cos_engine_rpm solver_variable inherit
cos_engine_speed solver_variable rear_2
cos_max_engine_braking_torque solver_variable inherit
cos_max_engine_driving_torque solver_variable inherit
cos_max_gears parameter_integer inherit
cos_max_throttle parameter_real inherit
cos_powertrain_gse general_state_equation inherit
cos_transmission_input_omega solver_variable inherit
cos_transmission_spline spline inherit
msc_bus_rigid_chassis
Overview
This template represents the chassis frame to which other subassemblies are attached.
Template name
_msc_bus_rigid_chassis
Templates Overview
Major role
Body
Application
Description
The template represents the chassis frame to which other subassemblies like suspension, steering and
powertrain etc. are attached. The frontal area and aero drag coefficient parameters are used to calculate
the aerodynamic drag.
Files referenced
none
Topology
Aero forces are applied to ges_frame.
Parameters
The following table lists the parameters used in the template:

pvs_aero_frontal_area real area
pvs_air_density real density
pvs_body_height real length
pvs_body_length real length
pvs_body_width real length
pvs_drag_coefficient real no units
Communicators
Mount parts provide the connectivity between the template and suspension, powertrain, and wheel
subsystems etc. Input communicators receive information about the tire reference locations.

cis_std_tire_ref location inherit
co[lr]_front_susp_to_body mount front
54 Adams/Car Truck
Templates Overview

co[lr]_suspension_to_frame_rear mount rear
co[lr]_suspension_to_frame_rear_2 mount rear_2
cos_aero_drag_force solver_varible inherit
cos_aero_frontal_area parameter_real inherit
cos_air_density parameter_real inherit
cos_body_subsystem mount inherit
cos_chassis_path_reference marker inherit
cos_drag_coefficient parameter_real inherit
cos_driver_reference marker inherit
cos_fd_panhard_rod_to_frame mount rear
cos_lateral_rod_to_frame mount any
cos_lower_bump_stop_to_frame mount inherit
cos_measure_for_distance mount inherit
cos_pitman_mount mount inherit
cos_powertrain_to_body mount any
cos_press_valve_link_to_frame mount inherit
Templates Overview
msc_truck_double_wishbone_suspension
Overview
This template represents the double wishbone (upper-lower A arm) suspension system.
Template name
_msc_truck_double_wishbone_suspension
Major role
Suspension
Application
suspension analysis.
Description
The template represents the double-wishbone (also known as double A arm) independent suspension
system.
Files referenced
mdi_0004.bus
56 Adams/Car Truck
Templates Overview
mdi_0001.bus
mdi_shk_0001.dpr
mdi_0001.bum
mdi_0001.spr
Topology
The joint: Connects the part: To the part

jk[lr]hoo_lwr_strut_kinematic ge[lr]_lower_strut ge[lr]_lower_control_arm
jk[lr]hoo_top_mount_kinematic ge[lr]_upper_strut mt[lr]_strut_to_body
jk[lr]rev_lca ge[lr]_lower_control_arm ges_subframe
jk[lr]rev_uca ge[lr]_upper_control_arm mt[lr]_uca_to_body
jo[lr]con_drive_sft_int_jt ge[lr]_tripot ge[lr]_drive_shaft
jo[lr]con_drive_sft_otr ge[lr]_drive_shaft ge[lr]_spindle
jo[lr]cyl_lwr_upr_strut ge[lr]_lower_strut ge[lr]_upper_strut
jo[lr]rev_spindle_upright ge[lr]_spindle ge[lr]_upright
jo[lr]sph_lca_balljoint ge[lr]_upright ge[lr]_lower_control_arm
jo[lr]sph_uca_balljoint ge[lr]_upper_control_arm ge[lr]_upright
jo[lr]tra_tripot_to_differential ge[lr]_tripot mt[lr]_tripot_to_differential
joscon_left_upright_to_draglink ge[lr]_upright ge[lr]_draglink
josfix_subframe_rigid ges_subframe mts_subframe_to_body
jossph_right_upright_to_draglink ger_upright ges_draglink
bg[lr]_subframe_front.field mts_subframe_to_body ges_subframe
bg[lr]_subframe_rear.field mts_subframe_to_body ges_subframe
bk[lr]_lca_front.field ges_subframe ge[lr]_lower_control_arm
bk[lr]_lca_rear.field ges_subframe ge[lr]_lower_control_arm
bk[lr]_lwr_strut.field ge[lr]_lower_control_arm ge[lr]_lower_strut
bk[lr]_top_mount.field mt[lr]_strut_to_body ge[lr]_upper_strut
bk[lr]_uca_front.field mt[lr]_uca_to_body ge[lr]_upper_control_arm
bk[lr]_uca_rear.field mt[lr]_uca_to_body ge[lr]_upper_control_arm
bu[lr]_jounce_stop.force ge[lr]_lower_strut ge[lr]_upper_strut
da[lr]_ride_damper.force ge[lr]_lower_strut ge[lr]_upper_strut
ns[lr]_ride_spring.force ge[lr]_lower_strut mt[lr]_strut_to_body
ns[lr]_ride_spring.spdp_force ge[lr]_lower_strut mt[lr]_strut_to_body
Templates Overview
Parameters

pv[lr]_drive_shaft_offset real length
pvs_subframe_active integer no units
Communicators
Mount parts provide the connectivity between the template and suspension mounts on chassis. Output
communicator provide toe-camber angle and tire location information.

ci[lr]_ARB_pickup location inherit
ci[lr]_strut_to_body mount inherit
ci[lr]_tripot_to_differential mount inherit
ci[lr]_uca_to_body mount inherit
cis_subframe_to_body mount inherit
co[lr]_arb_bushing_mount mount inherit
co[lr]_camber_angle mount inherit
co[lr]_droplink_to_suspension mount inherit
co[lr]_suspension_mount mount inherit
co[lr]_suspension_upright mount inherit
co[lr]_tripot_to_differential location inherit
cos_driveline_active parameter_integer inherit
cos_engine_to_subframe mount inherit
cos_rack_housing_to_suspension_subframe mount inherit
cos_strarm_to_spindle mount front
58 Adams/Car Truck
Templates Overview
The following figures show the location of the templates in the assembly
Templates Overview
60 Adams/Car Truck
Templates Overview

Using Adams/Car Truck - MD Adams 2010

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Using Adams/Car Truck - MD Adams 2010

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Welcome to Adams/Car Truck

Introducing Adams/Car Truck

Preferred Solver setting:

Bus Assembly Database:

Adams/Car Truck Database

The database can be summarized as follows:

Assemblies Subsystems Templates

Assemblies Subsystems Templates

The joint: Connects the part: To the part:

The communicator: Belongs to the class: Has the role:

The joint: Connects the part: To the part:

The communicator: Belongs to the class: Has the role:

The parameter: Takes the value: Its units are:

The communicator: Belongs to the class: Has the role:

The communicator: Belongs to the class: Has the role:

The communicator: Belongs to the class: Has the role:

The parameter: Takes the value: Its units are:

The communicator: Belongs to the class: Has the role:

The communicator: Belongs to the class: Has the role:

The communicator: Belongs to the class: Has the role:

The communicator: Belongs to the class: Has the role:

The joint: Connects the part: To the part:

The communicator: Belongs to the class: Has the role:

The joint: Connects the part: To the part:

The following table lists the parameters in the template:

The parameter: Takes the value: Its units are:

The communicator: Belongs to the class: Has the role:

The joint: Connects the part: To the part:

The parameter: Takes the value: Its units are:

The communicator: Belongs to the class: Has the role:

The communicator: Belongs to the class: Has the role:

The joint: Connects the part: To the part:

The joint: Connects the part: To the part:

The parameter: Takes the value: Its units are:

The communicator: Belongs to the class: Has the role:

The communicator: Belongs to the class: Has the role:

The joint: Connects the part: To the part:

The joint: Connects the part: To the part:

The joint: Connects the part: To the part:

The parameter: Takes the value: Its units are:

The communicator: Belongs to the class: Has the role:

The communicator: Belongs to the class: Has the role:

The joint: Connects the part: To the part:

The parameter: Takes the value: Its units are:

The communicator: Belongs to the class: Has the role:

The communicator: Belongs to the class: Has the role:

The communicator: Belongs to the class: Has the role:

The communicator: Belongs to the class: Has the role:

The parameter: Takes the value: Its units are:

The communicator: Belongs to the class: Has the role:

The communicator: Belongs to the class: Has the role:

The parameter: Takes the value: Its units are:

The parameter: Takes the value: Its units are:

The communicator: Belongs to the class: Has the role:

The parameter: Takes the value: Its units are:

The following table lists the communicators in the template.

The communicator: Belongs to the class: Has the role:

The joint: Connects the part: To the part:

The parameter: Takes the value: Its units are:

The parameter: Takes the value: Its units are:

The communicator: Belongs to the class: Has the role:

The communicator: Belongs to the class: Has the role:

The parameter: Takes the value: Its units are:

The communicator: Belongs to the class: Has the role: