Asvalayana Grihya Surtra

12/29/2014
AsvalayanaGrihyaSutra
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Introduction
AdhyayaI,Khanda1
AdhyayaI,Khanda2
AdhyayaI,Khanda3
AdhyayaI,Khanda4
AdhyayaI,Khanda5
AdhyayaI,Khanda6
AdhyayaI,Khanda7
AdhyayaI,Khanda8
AdhyayaI,Khanda9
AdhyayaI,Khanda10
AdhyayaI,Khanda11
AdhyayaI,Khanda12
AdhyayaI,Khanda13
AdhyayaI,Khanda14
AdhyayaI,Khanda15
AdhyayaI,Khanda16
AdhyayaI,Khanda17
AdhyayaI,Khanda18
AdhyayaI,Khanda19
AdhyayaI,Khanda20
AdhyayaI,Khanda21
AdhyayaI,Khanda22
AdhyayaI,Khanda23
AdhyayaI,Khanda24
Adhyaya2,Khanda1
Adhyaya2,Khanda2
Adhyaya2,Khanda3
Adhyaya2,Khanda4
Adhyaya2,Khanda5
Adhyaya2,Khanda6
Adhyaya2,Khanda7
Adhyaya2,Khanda8
Adhyaya2,Khanda9
Adhyaya2,Khanda10
Adhyaya3,Khanda1
Adhyaya3,Khanda2
Adhyaya3,Khanda3
Adhyaya3,Khanda4
Adhyaya3,Khanda5
Adhyaya3,Khanda6
Adhyaya3,Khanda7
Adhyaya3,Khanda8
Adhyaya3,Khanda9
Adhyaya3,Khanda10
Adhyaya3,Khanda10
Adhyaya3,Khanda12
Adhyaya4,Khanda1
Adhyaya4,Khanda2
Adhyaya4,Khanda3
Adhyaya4,Khanda4
Adhyaya4,Khanda5
Adhyaya4,Khanda6
Adhyaya4,Khanda7
Adhyaya4,Khanda8
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INTRODUCTIONOTHEASVALAYANAGRIHYASUTRA
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MOST of the questions referring to the Grihyastra of svalyana

willbetreatedofmoreconvenientlyinconnectionwiththedifferent
subjects which we shall have todiscussinour General Introduction
to the Grihyastras. Here I wish only to call attention to a well
knownpassageofShadgurusishya,inwhichthatcommentatorgives
somestatementsontheworkscomposedbysvalyanaandbyhis
teacher Saunaka. As animportantpointinthatpassagehas,as far
as I can see, been misunderstood by several eminent scholars, I
may perhaps be allowed here to try and correct that
misunderstanding, though the point stands in a less direct
connection with the Grihyastra than with another side of the
literaryactivityofsvalyana.
Shadgurusishya
1,
before speaking of svalyana, makes the
followingstatementswithregard to svalyana's teacher, Saunaka.

'Therewas,'hesays,'theSkalaSamhit(oftheRigveda),andthe
BshkalaSamhitfollowingthesetwoSamhitsandthetwentyone
Brhmanas,adoptingprincipallytheAitareyakaandsupplementingit
by the other texts, he who was revered by the whole number of
great Rishis composed the first Kalpastra.' He then goes on to
speak of svalyana'Saunaka's pupil was the venerable
svalyana. He who knew everything he had learnt from that
teacher,composedaStraandannounced(toSaunakathathehad
doneso)2.'SaunakathendestroyedhisownStra,and
http://www.hinduwebsite.com/sacredscripts/hinduism/grihya/asva.asp
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p.154
determined that svalyana's Stra should be adopted by the

students of that Vedic Skh. Thus, says Shadgurusishya, there
weretwelveworksofSaunakabywhichacorrectknowledgeofthe
Rigvedawaspreserved,andthreeworksofsvalyana.Saunaka's
dasa granths were, the five Anukramans, the two Vidbnas, the
Brhaddaivata, the Prtiskhya, and a Smrta work 1. svalyana,
on the other hand, composed the Srautastra in twelve Adhyyas,
the Grihya in four Adhyyas, and the fourth ranyaka: this is
svalyana'sgreatStracomposition2.
Here we have an interesting and important statement by which the
authorship of a part of the Aitareyranyaka, which would thus be
separated from the rest of that text, is ascribed, not to Mahidsa
Aitareya,buttoanauthorofwhatmaybecalledthehistoricalperiod
ofVedicantiquity,tosvalyana.
But what is the fourth ranyaka to which this passage refers? Is it
the text which is now set down, for instance, in Dr. Rgendralla
Mitra'sedition,asthefourthranyakaoftheAitareyinas?
Beforewegiveananswertothisquestion,attentionmustbecalled
to other passages referring, as it could seem, to another part,
namely,thefifthpartoftheranyaka.
Syana, in his great commentary on the Rigveda, very frequently
quotesthepakamranyakaasbelongingtoSaunaka.Thusinvol.i,
p.112,ed.MaxMller,hesays:pakamranyakaaushnihatrikstir
iti khande Saunakena stritam surpakritnum taya iti trny endra
snasim rayim iti dve iti. There is indeed in the fifth ranyaka a
chapter beginning with the words aushnihi trikstih, in which the
wordsquotedbySyanaoccur3.Similarquotations,in
p.155
which the fifth ranyaka is assigned to Saunaka, are found in

Syana's commentary on the ranyaka itself see, for instance, p.
97,line19,p.116,line3.
Thus it seems that the authorship of both the fourth and the fifth
ranyakawasascribedtoteachersbelongingtotheStraperiodof
Vedicliterature,viz.toSaunakaandtosvalyanarespectively.And
so we find the case stated by both Professor Weber, in his
'Vorlesungen ber
indische Literaturgeschichte
1,'
and
Dr.
RgendrallaMitra,intheIntroductiontohiseditionofthe Aitareya
ranyaka2.
But we must ask ourselves: Are the two books of the ranyaka
collection,ascribedtothosetwoauthors,reallytwodifferentbooks?
It is a surprising fact that Shadgurusishya, while speaking of
svalyana's authorship of the fourth book, and while at the same
time intending, as he evidently does, to give a complete list of
Saunaka'scompositions,doesnotmentionthefifthranyakaamong
the works of that author. In order to account for this omission the
conjecture seems to suggest itself that Shadgurusishya, when
speakingofthefourthranyakaasbelongingtosvalyana,means
the same work which Syana sets down as the fifth, and which he
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ascribestoSaunaka.Atfirstsightthisconjecturemayseemperhaps
rather hazardous or unnatural however I believe that, if we
compare the two texts themselves which are concerned, we shall
finditveryprobableandevenevident.Whatdothosetworanyaka
books contain? The fourth is very short: it does not fill more than
one page in the printed edition. Its contents consist exclusively of
thetextoftheMahnmnorSakvarverses,whichseemtobelong
toanotlessremote
p.156
antiquitythantheaverageoftheRigvedahymns.Theycanindeed
beconsideredasformingpartoftheRigvedaSamhit,anditisonly
onaccountofthepeculiarmysticalholinessascribedtotheseverses,
thattheywerenotstudiedinthevillagebutintheforest1,andwere
consequently received not into the body of the Samhit itself, but
into the ranyaka. They are referred to in all Brhmana texts, and
perhaps we can even go so far as to pronounce our opinion that
some passages of the Rigveda hymns themselves allude to the
Sakvarverses:
yak khakvarshu brihat ravenendre sushmam adadht
Vasishthh(RigvedaVII,33,4).
rikm tvah posham ste pupushvn gyatram tvo gyati
sakvarshu(RigvedaX,71,11).
Somuchforthefourthranyaka.Thefifthcontainsadescriptionof
theMahvrataceremony.Tothesamesubjectalsothefirstbookis
devoted, with the difference that the first book is composed in the
Brhmanastyle,thefifthintheStrastyle2.
NowwhichofthesetwobookscanitbethatShadgurusishyareckons
as belonging to the 'svalyanastraka?' It is impossible that it
should be the fourth, for the Mahnmn verses never were
considered by Indian theologians as the work of a human author
theysharedintheapaurusheyatvaoftheVeda,andtosaythatthey
havebeencomposedbysvalyana,wouldbeinconsistentwiththe
mostfirmlyestablishedprinciplesoftheliteraryhistoryoftheVeda
bothas conceived by the Indians and by ourselves. And even if we
wereto admit that the Mahnmn verses can have been assigned,
by an author like Shadgurusishya, to svalyana,and we cannot
admit
p.157
this,there is no possibility whatever that he can have used the

expression'svalyanastrakam'withregardtotheMahnmnsto
apply the designation of a Stra to the Mahnmn hymn would be
no less absurd than to apply it to any Skta whatever of the Rik
Samhit. On the other hand, the fifth book of the ranyaka is a
Straitistheonlypartofthewholebodyoftheranyakacollection
whichiscomposedintheStrastyle.Andittreatsofaspecialpart
of the Rigveda ritual the rest of which is embodied in its entirety,
with the omission only of that very part, in the two great Strasof
svalyana. There seems to me, therefore, to be little doubt as to
the fifth ranyaka really being the text referred to by
Shadgurusishya, though I do not know how to explain his setting
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downthisbookasthefourth.AndImayaddthatthereisapassage,
hitherto, as far as I know, unnoticed, in Syana's Smaveda
commentary,inwhichthatauthordirectlyassignsthefifthranyaka
not,asintheRigvedacommentary,toSaunaka,buttosvalyana.
Syana
there
says
1:
yath
bahvrikm
adhypak
mahvrataprayogapratipdakam svalyananirmitam kalpastram
aranyedhyamnh
pakamam
ranyakam
iti
vedatvena
vyavaharanti.
Insteadofasserting,therefore,thatofthetwolastranyakasofthe
AitareyinastheoneisascribedtoSaunaka,theothertosvalyana,
we must state the case otherwise: not two ranyakas were,
according to Syana and Shadgurusishya, composed by those
Strakras,butone,viz.thefifth,whichformsasortofsupplement
tothegreatbodyoftheStrasofthatKarana,andwhichisascribed
either to Saunaka or to svalyana. Perhaps further research will
enable us to decide whether that Stra portion of the ranyaka, or
we may say quite as well, that ranyaka portion of the Stra,
belongs to the author of the Srautastra, or should be considered
as a remnant of a more ancient composition, of which the portion
studiedintheforesthassurvived,whiletheportion
p.158
whichwastaughtinthevillagewassupersededbythemorerecent
svalyanastra.
There would be still many questions with which an Introduction to
svalyana would have to deal thus the relation between
svalyana and Saunaka, which we had intended to treat of here
withreferencetoaspecialpoint,wouldhavetobefurtherdiscussed
with regard to several other of its bearings, and the results which
follow therefrom as to the position of svalyana in the history of
Vedic literature would have to be stated. But we prefer to reserve
thediscussionofthesequestionsfortheGeneralIntroductiontothe
Grihyastras.
Footnotes
153:1SeeMaxMller'sHistoryofAncientSanskritLiterature,pp.230
seqq.IndischeStudien,I,102.
153:2
This seems to me to be the meaning of stram kritv
nyavedayat p. 154 the case is similar to that where a pupil goes on

hisroundsforalmsandannounces(nivedayati)tohisteacherwhat
hehasreceived.Prof.MaxMllertranslatesthesewordsdifferently
according to him they mean that svalyana 'made a Stra and
taughtit.'
154:1 Comp. Prof. Bhler's article in the Journal As. Soc. of Bengal,
1866,pp.149seqq.
154:2
Dvdasdhyyakam stram katushkam grihyam eva ka
katurthranyakamketihysvalyanastrakam.
154:3Seep.448ofDr.RgendrallaMitra'seditionintheBibliotheca
Indica.
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155:12ndedition,p.53:ObwohlwirfrdasvierteBuchdesletztern
(i.e. of the Aitareya ranyaka) sogar die directe Nachricht haben,

dass es dem svalyana, dem Schler eines Saunaka angehrt, so
wieauchfernerfrdasfnfteBuchdesselbendieserSaunakaselbst
als Urheber gegolten zu haben scheint, nach dem was Colebrooke
Misc.Ess.I,47n.darberberichtet.
155:2P.11:Ifthisassumptionbeadmitted,theproperconclusionto
bearrivedatwouldalsobethatthewholeofthefifthBookbelongs
toSaunaka,andthewholeofthefourthBooktosvalyana.P.12:
The writings of both svalyana and Saunaka which occur in the
ranyaka,etc.
156:1SeeSkhyanaGrihyaII,12,13.
156:2
Thus Syana, in his note on V, 1, 1, says: Nanu
prathamranyakepi atha mahvratam Indro vai Vritram

hatvetydin
mahvrataprayogobhihitah,
pakamepi
tasyaivbhidhne
punaruktih
syt.
nyam
doshah,
strabrhmanarpena
tayor
vibhedt.
pakamranyakam
rishiproktam stram, prathamranyakan tv apaurusheyam
brhmanam. ata eva tatrrthavdaprapakena sahit vidhayah
sryante, pakame tu nako py arthavdosti . . . . aranya evaitad
adhyeyamityabhipretydhyetraranyakandentarbhvydhyate.
157:1Smaveda(Bibl.Indica),vol.i,p.19.
p.159
SVALYANAGRIHYASUTRA.
ADHYYAI,KANDIK1.
1 1. The (rites) based on the spreading (of the three sacred fires)
havebeendeclaredweshalldeclaretheGrihya(rites).
2 2. There are three (kinds of) Pkayagas, the hutas, (i.e. the
sacrifices)offeredoverthefireoversomethingthatisnotthefire,
theprahutasandatthefeedingofBrhmanas,thoseofferedinthe
Brahman.
33.AndtheyquotealsoRikas,'Hewhowithapieceofwoodorwith
anoblation,orwithknowledge("veda").'
p.160
44.Evenhewhoonlyputsapieceofwood(onthefire)fullofbelief,
shouldthink,'HereIofferasacrificeadorationtothat(deity)!'
(The Rik quoted above then says), 'He who with an oblation'and,
'He who with knowledge' even by learning only satisfaction is
produced(inthegods).
SeeingthistheRishihassaid,'Tohimwhodoesnotkeepawayfrom
himselfthecows,tohimwholongsforcows,whodwellsinthesky,
speakawonderfulword,sweeterthangheeandhoney.'Therebyhe
means,'Thismyword,sweeterthangheeandhoney,issatisfaction
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(tothegod)mayitbesweeter.'
(And another Rishi says), 'To thee, O Agni, by this Rik we offer an
oblationpreparedbyourheartmaythesebeoxen,bulls,andcows.'
(Thereby he means), 'They are my oxen, bulls, and cows (which I
offertothegod),theywhostudythistext,recitingitforthemselves
(astheirSvdhyya).'
(AndfurtherontheRikquotedabovesays),'Hewho(worshipsAgni)
withadoration,offeringrichsacrifices.''Verilyalsobytheperforming
of adoration (the gods may be worshipped) for the gods are not
beyond the performing of adoration adoration verily is sacrifice'
thusrunsaBrhmana.
Footnotes
159:1 1, 1. The spreading (vitna or, as it is also called, vihra or
vistra)ofthesacredfiresisthetakingoftwoofthethreesacrificial
fires,thehavanyafireandtheDakshingni,outoftheGrhapatya
fire(see,forinstance,Weber'sIndischeStudien,IX,216seq.).The
rites based on, or connected with the vitna are the rites forming
thesubjectoftheSrautaritual,whicharetobeperformedwith the
threefires.
159:2Comp.SkhyanaGrihyaI,5,1I,10,7.Thedivisionhereis
somewhat different from that given by Skhyana what

Skhyana calls ahuta, is here prahuta ('sacrificed up') the
prahutasofSkhyanaformherenospecialcategorytheprsitas
of Skhyana are the brahmani huts of svalyana. Thus
svalyanahasthreecategories,whileSkhyana(andquiteinthe
same way Praskara I, 4, 1) gives four. Nryana mentions as an
exampleof prahuta sacrifices the baliharana prescribed below, I, 2,
3.
159:3RigvedaVIII, 19, 5, The mortal who with a piece of wood, or
with an oblation, or with knowledge worships Agni, who with

adoration(worshipshim)offeringrichsacrifices,'&c.
160:4ThewordsoftheRik,'withanoblation,'arehererepeated,the
Vedicinstrumentalhutbeingreplacedandexplainedbytheregular
formhuty.
ThefollowingRikistakenfromtheeighthMandala,24,20.Thegod
comparedtherewitharuttingbullisIndra.
ThefollowingverseisRigvedaVI,16,47wemaydoubtastothe
correctness of the explanation given in our text, by which te te is
referred to the persons studying the hymns of the Rishi. All these
quotations of course are meant to show that the knowledge of the
Vedaandtheperformingofnamas(adoration)isequivalenttoareal
sacrifice.
KANDIK.2.
11.Nowheshouldmakeoblationsintheeveningandinthemorningof
preparedsacrificialfood,
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2 2. To the deities of the Agnihotra, to Soma Vanaspati, to Agni and

Soma,toIndraandAgni,toHeavenandEarth,toDhanvantari,toIndra,
totheVisvedevs,toBrahman.
33.HesaysSvh,andthenheofferstheBalis
4. To those same deities, to the waters, to the herbs and trees, to the
house,tothedomesticdeities,tothedeitiesoftheground(onwhichthe
housestands),
55.ToIndraandIndra'smen,toYamaandYama'smen,toVarunaand
Varuna'smen,toSomaandSoma'smenthese(oblationshemakes)to
the different quarters (of the horizon, of which those are the presiding
deities).
6.ToBrahmanandBrahman'smeninthemiddle,
p.162
7.TotheVisvedevs,toalldaywalkingbeingsthusbyday
8.Tothenightwalking(beings)thusatnight.
9.TotheRakshasthustothenorth.
10.Svadhtothefathers(i.e.Manes)'withthesewordsheshouldpour
out the remnants to the south, with the sacrificial cord suspended over
therightshoulder.
Footnotes
161:12,1.ThisistheVaisvadevasacrificecomp.SkhyanaGrihyaII,
14,&C.
161:2
The deities of the Agnihotra are Srya, Agni, and Pragpati. On
SomaVanaspati see the quotations given in BhtlingkRoth's Dictionary

s.v.vanaspati,2.
161:3Ithinkthe division of the Stras should be altered, so that svheti
would belong to Stra 2, and the third Stra would consist only of the
wordsathabaliharanam.Inthiscaseweshouldhavetotranslate,
(1)Nowheshouldmakeoblations,&c.
(2)Withthewords,'TothedeitiesoftheAgnihotra(i.e.toAgni,to
Srya,toPragpati),toSomaVanaspati,&c.,svh!'
(3)Then(follows)theofferingoftheBalis.
Comp. Skh.Grihya II, 14, 4. 5, which passage seems to confirm the
viewexpressedhere.
161:5ManuIII,87.
KANDIK3.
1 1. Now wherever he intends to perform a sacrifice, let him besmear
(withcowdung)asurfaceofthedimensionatleastofanarrowoneach
sidelethimdrawsixlinesthereon,oneturnedtothenorth,tothewest
(ofthespotonwhichthefireistobeplaced)two(lines)turnedtothe
east,atthetwodifferentends(ofthelinementionedfirst)three(lines)
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in the middle (of those two) let him sprinkle that (place with water),
establishthe(sacred)fire(thereon),put(twoorthreepiecesoffuel)on
it, wipe (the ground) round (the fire), strew (grass) round (it), to the
east, to the south, to the west, to the north, ending (each time) in the
north.Then(follows)silentlythesprinkling(ofwater)round(thefire).
2.Withtwo(Kusabladesusedas)strainersthepurifyingofthegya(is
done).
33.HavingtakentwoKusabladeswithunbrokentops,whichdonotbear
ayoungshootinthem,ofthemeasureofaspan,attheirtwoendswith
his
p.163
thumbs and fourth fingers, with his hands turned with the inside
upwards, he purifies (the gya, from the west) to the east, with (the
words), 'By the impulse of Savitri I purify thee with this uninjured
purifier, with the rays of the good sun'once with this formula, twice
silently.
44.Thestrewing(ofgrass)round(thefire)maybedoneornotdonein
thegyaofferings.
5 5.So also the two gya portions (may optionally be sacrificed) in the
Pkayagas.
6 6. And the (assistance of a) Brahman (is optional), except at the
sacrifice to Dhanvantari and at the sacrifice of the spitox (offered to
Rudra).
77.Lethimsacrificewith(thewords),'Tosuchandsuchadeitysvh!'
8. If there is no rule (as to the deities to whom the sacrifice belongs,
theyare)Agni,Indra,Pragpati,theVisvedevs,Brahman.
99.(DifferentPkayagas,when)offeredatthesametime,shouldhave
the same Barhis (sacrificial grass), the same fuel, the same gya, and
thesame(oblationtoAgni)Svishtakrit.
10.Withreferencetheretothefollowingsacrificialstanzaissung:
'He who has to perform (different) Pkayagas, should offer them with
thesamegya,thesame
p.164
[paragraphcontinues]Barhis,andthesameSvishtakrit,evenifthedeity
(ofthosesacrifices)isnotthesame.'
Footnotes
162:1
3, 1. Comp. Skh.Grihya I, 7, 6 seq., where the statements
regarding the lines to be drawn are somewhat different, and the note
there.
162:3Comp.the description of this act of purifying the gya, which is in
somepointsmoredetailed,inSkh.GrihyaI,8,1421.
163:4Comp.Skh.GrihyaI,8,12.
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163:5
On the two gyabhgas offered to Agni and Soma comp. below,
chap.50,13Skh.GrihyaI,9,5seq.
163:6Comp.ontheseexceptionstheStrasbelow,I,12,7IV,8,15.
163:7Comp.Skh.GrihyaI,9,18.
163:9OntheoblationtoAgniSvishtakrit,seeIndischeStudien,IX,257.
KANDIK4.
14_1.Duringthenortherncourseofthesun,inthetimeoftheincreasing
moon, under an auspicious Nakshatra the tonsure (of the child's head),
theinitiation(ofaBrahmakrin),thecuttingofthebeard,andmarriage
(shouldbecelebrated).
2. According to some (teachers), marriage (may be celebrated) at any
time.
3.Beforethose(ceremonies)lethimsacrificefourgyaoblations
4.Withthethree(verses),'Agni,thoupurifiestlife'(RigvedaIX,66,10
seq.),andwith(theoneverse),'Pragpati,nootheronethanthou'(Rig
VedaX,121,10).
55.OrwiththeVyhritis.
66.Accordingtosome(teachers),theoneandtheother.
77.Nosuch(oblations),accordingtosome(teachers).
8.Atthemarriagethefourthoblationwiththeverse,'Thou(OAgni)art
Aryamantowardsthegirls'(RigvedaV,3,2).
Footnotes
164:4_14,1.Skh.GrihyaI,5,25.
164:5
With the words, bhh, bhuvah, svah, and with the three words
together.
164:6Thuseight oblations areoffered,fourwiththefourRikas quotedin
thefourthStra,andfourwiththeVyhritis.
164:7NeithertheoblationswiththeRikasnorthosewiththeVyhritis.
KANDIK5.
1
5_1.
Let him first examine the family (of the intended bride or
bridegroom),asithasbeensaidabove,
p.165
[paragraph continues] 'Those who on the mother's and on the father's

side.'
2.Lethimgivethegirltoa(youngman)endowedwithintelligence.
3. Let him marry a girl that shows the characteristics of intelligence,
beauty,andmoralconduct,andwhoisfreefromdisease.
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44.Asthecharacteristics(mentionedintheprecedingStra)aredifficult
todiscern,lethimmakeeightlumps(ofearth),reciteoverthelumpsthe
following formula, 'Right has been born first, in the beginning on the
righttruthisfounded.Forwhat(destiny)thisgirlisborn,thatmayshe
attainhere.Whatistruemaythatbeseen,'andlethimsaytothegirl,
'Takeoneofthese.'
55.Ifshechoosesthe(lumpofearthtaken)fromafieldthatyieldstwo
crops(inoneyear),hemayknow,'Heroffspringwillberichinfood.'If
fromacowstable,richincattle.IffromtheearthofaVedi(altar),rich
inholylustre.Iffromapoolwhichdoesnotdryup,richineverything.If
fromagamblingplace,addictedtogambling.Iffromaplacewherefour
roads meet, wandering to different directions. If from a barren spot,
poor.Iffromaburialground,(shewill)bringdeathtoherhusband.
Footnotes
164:5_15,1.SrautastraIX,3,20,'Whoontheirmother'saswellasp.165
on their father's side through ten generations are endowed with

knowledge,austerity,andmeritoriousworks,'&c.
165:4Ipreferthe reading of the Bibliotheca Indica edition, countenanced
by Nryana's commentary, durvigeyni lakshannti, &c. The lumps

aretobetakenfromtheeightplacesmentionedinStra5.
165:5
No doubt the correct reading is not that given by Nryana and
acceptedbyProfessorStenzler,dvipravrgin,butvipravrgin,asfourof
ProfessorStenzler'sMSS.read(seehisVariaeLectiones,p.48,andthe
PetersburgDictionarys.v.vipravrgin).
p.166
KANDIK6.
1 1. (The father) may give away the girl, having decked her with
ornaments,pouring out a libation of water: this is the wedding (called)
Brhma. A son born by her (after a wedding of this kind) brings
purificationto twelve descendants and to twelve ancestors on both (the
husband'sandthewife's)sides.
2 2. He may give her, having decked her with ornaments, to an
officiatingpriest, whilst a sacrifice with the three (Srauta) fires is going
on:this(istheweddingcalled)Daiva.(Ason)bringspurificationto ten
descendantsandtotenancestorsonbothsides.
33.Theyfulfilthelawtogether:this(istheweddingcalled)Prgpatya.
(Ason)bringspurificationtoeightdescendantsandtoeightancestorson
bothsides.
4 4.Hemaymarryherafterhavinggivenabullandacow(tothegirl's
father):this(istheweddingcalled)rsha.(Ason)bringspurificationto
sevendescendantsandtosevenancestorsonbothsides.
5 5. He may marry her, after a mutual agreement has been made
(between the lover and the damsel): this (is the wedding called)
Gndharva.
6 6.He may marry her after gladdening (her father) by money: this (is
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theweddingcalled)sura.
p.167
77.Hemaycarryheroffwhile(herrelatives)sleeporpaynoattention:
this(istheweddingcalled)Paiska.
8 8. He may carry her off, killing (her relatives) and cleaving (their)
heads, while she weeps and they weep: this (is the wedding called)
Rkshasa.
Footnotes
166:16,1.Comp. Vasishtha I, 30 pastamba II, 11, 17 Baudhyana I,
20,2.
166:2VasishthaI,31pastambaII,11,19BaudhyanaI,20,5.
166:3BaudhyanaI,20,3.
166:4VasishthaI,32pastambaII,11,18BaudhyanaI,20,4.
166:5VasishthaI,33pastambaII,II,20BaudhyanaI,20,6.
166:6
Vasishtha I, 35 (where this rite is designated as Mnusha)
pastambaII,12,1BaudhyanaI,20,7.
167:7BaudhyanaI,20,9.
167:8VasishthaI, 34(wherethisrite iscalledKshtra) pastambaII,a
1,2BaudhyanaI,20,8.ThetextofthisStraseemstobebasedona
hemistich hatv bhittv ka srshni rudadbhyo rudatm haret comp.
ManuIII,33.
KANDIK7.
1. Now various indeed are the customs of the (different) countries and
the customs of the(different) villages:thoseoneshouldobserveat the
wedding.
2.What,however,iscommonlyaccepted,thatweshallstate.
3 3.Havingplacedtothewestofthefireamillstone,tothenortheast
(ofthefire)awaterpot,heshouldsacrifice,whileshetakesholdofhim.
Standing,withhisfaceturnedtothewest,whilesheissittingandturns
herfacetotheeast,heshouldwith(theformula),'Iseizethyhandfor
the sake of happiness seize her thumb if he desires that only male
childrenmaybeborntohim
4.Herotherfingers,(ifheis)desirousoffemale(children)
5.Thehandonthehairsidetogetherwiththe
p.168
thumb,(if)desirousofboth(maleandfemalechildren).
6 6. Leading her three times round the fire and the waterpot, so that
theirrightsidesareturnedtowards(thefire,&c.),hemurmurs,'Thisam
I, that art thou that art thou, this am I the heaven I, the earth thou
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the Sman I, the Rik thou. Come! Let us here marry. Let us beget
offspring. Loving, bright, with genial mind may we live a hundred
autumns.'
7 7.Eachtimeafterhehasleadher(so)round,hemakeshertreadon
the stone with (the words), 'Tread on this stone like a stone be firm.
Overcometheenemiestreadthefoesdown.'
88.Having'spreadunder'(i.e.havingfirstpouredgyaoverherhands),
her brother or a person acting in her brother's place pours fried grain
twiceoverthewife'sjoinedhands.
99.ThreetimesfordescendantsofGamadagni.
10. He pours again (gya) over (what has been left of) the sacrificial
food,
11.Andoverwhathasbeencutoff.
12.Thisistheruleabouttheportionstobecutoff.
1313.'TogodAryamanthegirlshavemadesacrifice,
p.169
toAgnimayhe,godAryaman,loosenherfromthis,andnotfromthat
place,Svh!
'To god Varuna the girls have made sacrifice, to Agni may he, god
Varuna,&c.
'To god Pshan the girls have made sacrifice, to Agni may he, god
Pshan, &c.'with (these verses recited by the bridegroom) she should
sacrifice(thefriedgrain)withoutopeningherjoinedhands,asif(shedid
so)withthe(spooncalled)Sruk.
14 1415. Without that leading round (the fire, she sacrifices grain) with
thenebofabaskettowardsherselfsilentlyafourthtime.
15.Someleadthebrideroundeachtimeafterthefriedgrainhas been
poured out: thus the two last oblations do not follow immediately on
eachother.
16.Hethenloosenshertwolocksofhair,iftheyaremade,(i.e.if)two
tuftsofwoolareboundroundherhaironthetwosides,
17.With(theRik),'IreleasetheefromthebandofVaruna'(RigvedaX,
85,24).
18.Theleftonewiththefollowing(Rik).
19 19. He then causes her to step forward in a northeastern direction
sevenstepswith(thewords),'Forsapwithonestep,forjuicewithtwo
steps,forthrivingofwealthwiththreesteps,forcomfortwithfoursteps,
foroffspringwithfivesteps,fortheseasons
p.170
withsixsteps.Befriendwithsevensteps.Sobethoudevotedtome.Let
usacquiremanysonswhomayreacholdage!'
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20 20. Joining together their two heads, (the bridegroom? the krya?)
sprinklesthem(withwater)fromthewaterpot.
21. And she should dwell that night in the house of an old Brhmana
womanwhosehusbandisaliveandwhosechildrenarealive.
22 22. When she sees the polarstar, the star Arundhat, and the seven
Rishis (ursa major), let her break the silence (and say), 'May my
husbandliveandIgetoffspring.'
Footnotes
167:3 7, 3. Professor Stenzler is evidently right in taking asmnam as in
apposition to drishadam. Nryana says, drishat prasiddh asm

tatputrakah.tatrobhayohpratishthpanamsiddham.
ThesacrificeisthatprescribedinSkh.GrihyaI,12,II.12.Regarding
theritethatfollows,comp.Skh.GrihyaI,13,2.
168:6SkhyanaGrihyaI,13,4.9.13.
168:7SkhyanaGrihyaI,13,12.
168:8SkhyanaGrihyaI,13,15.16.
168:9
The two portions of fried grain poured over the bride's hands,
together with the first (upastarana) and the second (pratyabhighrana)

pouringoutofgya,constitutethefourAvattas,orportionscutofffrom
theHavis.ThedescendantsofGamadagniwerepakvattinas,i.e.they
usedtocutofffivesuchportions(seeKtyyanaI,9,3Weber,Indische
Studien,X,95)sotheyhadtopouroutthefriedgrainthreetimes.
168:13SkhyanaGrihyaI,18,313,1714,1.
169:1415 14, 15. According to those teachers whose opinion is related in
Stras 614, the leading round the fire, the treading on the stone, and
theofferingoffriedgrain(withthethreepartsoftheMantra,Stra13)
arerepeatedthricethenfollowstheofferingprescribedin Stra 14, so
thatthelasttwoofferingsfollowimmediatelyoneachother.Thisisnot
the case, if in the first three instances the order of the different rites is
inverted,asstatedinStra15.
InStra14Nryanaexplainssrpaputabykona.
169:19SkhyanaGrihyaI,14,5.613,2PraskaraI,8,1.
170:20SkhyanaGrihyaI,14,9PraskaraI,8,5.
170:22SkhyanaGrihyaI,17,2seq.PraskaraI,8,19.
KANDIK8.
1 1.If(thenewlymarriedcouple)havetomakeajourney(totheirnew
home), let him cause her to mount the chariot with the (verse), 'May
Pshanleadtheefromhereholdingthyhand'(RigvedaX,85,26).
2 2. With the hemistich, 'Carrying stones (the river) streams hold fast
eachother'(RigvedaX,53,8)lethimcausehertoascendaship.
3.Withthefollowing(hemistich)lethimmakeherdescend(fromit).
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44.(Hepronouncestheverse),'Thelivingonetheybewail'(RigvedaX,
40,10),ifsheweeps.
5.Theyconstantlycarrythenuptialfireinfront.
p.171
6 6.Atlovelyplaces,trees,andcrosswayslethimmurmur(theverse),
'Maynowaylayersmeetus'(RigvedaX,85,32).
7.Ateverydwellingplace(ontheirway)lethimlookatthelookers on,
with(theverse),'Goodluckbringsthiswoman'(RigvedaX,85,33).
8 8. With (the verse), 'Here may delight fulfil itself to thee through
offspring'(RigvedaX,85,27)heshouldmakeherenterthehouse.
9 9.Having given its place to the nuptial fire, and having spread to the
westofitabull'shidewiththenecktotheeast,withthehairoutside,he
makes oblations, while she is sitting on that (hide) and takes hold of
him, with the four (verses), 'May Pragpati create offspring to us' (Rig
vedaX,85,43seq.),versebyverse,andwith(the verse),'Mayallthe
gods unite' (Rigveda X, 85, 47), he partakes of curds and gives
(thereof) to her, or he besmears their two hearts with the rest of the
gya(ofwhichhehassacrificed).
10.Fromthattimetheyshouldeatnosalinefood,theyshouldbechaste,
wearornaments,sleeponthegroundthreenightsortwelvenights
11.Oroneyear,(accordingto)some(teachers)thus,theysay,aRishi
willbeborn(astheirson).
12 12. When he has fulfilled (this) observance (and has had intercourse
with his wife), he should give the bride's shift to (the Brhmana) who
knowstheSryhymn(RigvedaX,85)
13.'FoodtotheBrhmanas
p.172
14.Thenheshouldcausethemtopronounceauspiciouswords.
Footnotes
170:18,1.SkhyanaGrihyaI,15,13.
170:2SkhyanaGrihyaI,15,try.18.
171:8SkhyanaGrihyaI,15,2216,12.
171:9SkhyanaGrihyaI,16,1.2.
KANDIK9.
1 1. Beginning from the seizing of (the bride's) hand (i.e. from the
wedding), he should worship the domestic (fire) himself, or his wife, or
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alsohisson,orhisdaughter,orapupil.
2.(Thefire)shouldbekeptconstantly.
3. When it goes out, however, the wife should fast: thus (say) some
(teachers).
4 4. The time for setting it in a blaze and for sacrificing in it has been
explainedby(therulesgivenwithregardto)theAgnihotra,
55.Andthesacrificialfood,exceptmeat.
6. But if he likes he may (perform the sacrifice) with rice, barley, or
sesamum.
7.Heshouldsacrificeintheeveningwith(theformula),'ToAgnisvh!'
inthemorningwith(theformula),'ToSryasvh!'Silentlythesecond
(oblations)bothtimes.
Footnotes
172:19,1.Comp.SkhyanaGrihyaII,17,3.
172:4SkhyanaGrihyaI,I,12svalyanaSrautaII,2.
172:5
svalyanaSrauta II, 3, 1 seq. Nryana: By the prohibition of
meat which is expressed in the words 'Except meat,' it is to be

understoodthatthefoodtobesacrificed,asstatedinotherSstras,may
likewisebechosen.
KANDIK10.
1. Now the oblations of cooked food on the (two) Parvan (i.e. the new
andfullmoon)days.
2. The fasting (which takes place) thereat has been declared by (the
correspondingrulesregarding)theDarsaprnamsasacrifices.
p.173
3 3.And (so has been declared) the binding together of the fuel and of
theBarhis,
44.Andthedeities(towhomthoseoblationsbelong),withtheexception
of the Upmsuyga (offerings at which the formulas are repeated with
lowvoice),andofIndraandMahendra.
5.Otherdeities(maybeworshipped)accordingtothewishes(whichthe
sacrificerconnectswithhisofferings).
6.Foreachsingledeityhepoursoutfourhandsful(ofrice,barley,&c.),
placingtwopurifiers(i.e.Kusablades,onthevessel),with(theformula),
'Agreeabletosuchandsuch(adeity)Ipourtheeout.'
7.Hethensprinklesthem(thosefourportionsofHaviswithwater)inthe
samewayashehadpouredthemout,with(theformula),'Agreeableto
suchandsuch(adeity)Isprinklethee.'
8.When(thericeorbarleygrains)havebeenhuskedandcleansedfrom
thehusksthreetimes,lethimcook(thefourportions)separately,
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9.Orthrowing(them)together.
10. If he cooks them separately, let him touch the grains, after he has
separatedthem,(andsay,)'Thistothisgodthistothisgod.'
11. But if he (cooks the portions) throwing (them) together, he should
(touch and) sacrifice them, after he has put (the single portions) into
differentvessels.
1212.Theportionsofsacrificialfood,whenthey
p.174
have been cooked, he sprinkles (with gya, takes them from the fire
towardsthenorth,placesthemontheBarhis,andsprinklesthefuelwith
gya with the formula, 'This fuel is thy self, Gtavedas thereby burn
thou and increase, and, O burning One, make us increase and through
offspring,cattle,holylustre,andnourishmentmakeusprosper.Svh!'
13 13. Having silently poured out the two ghras (or gya oblations
poured out with the Sruva, the one from northwest to southeast, the
other from southwest to northeast), he should sacrifice the two gya
portionswith(theformulas),'ToAgnisvh!ToSomasvh!'
1414.ThenorthernonebelongingtoAgni,thesouthernonetoSoma.
1515.Itisunderstood(intheSruti),Thetwoeyesindeedofthesacrifice
arethegyaportions,
16 16. 'Therefore of a man who is sitting with his face to the west the
southern (i.e. right) eye is northern, the northern (i.e. left) eye is
southern.'
1717.Inthemiddle(ofthetwogyaportionshe
p.175
sacrificestheother)Havis,ormoretothewest,finishing(theoblations)
intheeastorinthenorth.
18.Tothenortheasttheoblationto(Agni)Svishtakrit.
19 1920. He cuts off (the Avadna portions) from the Havis from the
middleandfromtheeasternpart
20.Fromthemiddle,theeasternpartandthewesternpart(theportions
havetobecutoff)bythosewhomakefiveAvadnas
21.FromthenorthernsidetheportionforSvishtakrit.
22 22.Hereheomitsthesecondpouring(ofgya)over(whatisleftof)
thesacrificialfood.
2323.'WhatIhavedonetoomuchinthisceremony,orwhatIhavedone
heretoolittle,allthatmayAgniSvishtakrit,hewhoknowsit,makewell
sacrificedandwellofferedforme.ToAgniSvishtakrit,tohimwhooffers
theoblationsforgeneralexpiation,sothattheyarewelloffered,tohim
whomakesussucceedinwhatwedesire!Makeusinallthatwedesire
successful!Svh!'
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2424.HepoursoutthefullvesselontheBarhis.
2525.ThisistheAvabhritha.
p.176
26.ThisisthestandardformofthePkayagas.
27.WhathasbeenleftoftheHavisisthefeeforthesacrifice.
Footnotes
173:310,3.SeesvalyanaSrautaI,3,28ScholionKty.SrautaII,7,
22.
173:4 See Hillebrandt, Das altindische Neu and Vollmondsopfer, p. 111
mynoteonSkhyanaGrihyaI,3,3.
173:12IntheMantrawehaveasimilarplayuponwords(iddha,p.174lit,or
burning,andsamedhaya,makeusprosper)asinSkh.GrihyaII,10,4.
174:13PraskaraI,5,3Skh.GrihyaI,9,5seq.
174:14Skh.GrihyaI,9,7.
174:15
Professor Stenzler here very pertinently refers to Satapatha
BrhmanaI,6,3,38.
174:16
It is doubtful whether this paragraph should be considered as
formingpartofthequotationfromtheSruti.Theobjectofthispassage
is, in my opinion, to explain why the southern gyabhga belongs to
Soma, who is the presiding deity of the north, and the northern
gyabhga to Agni, the presiding deity of the southeast. Professor
Stenzler'sopinionaboutthisparagraphissomewhatdifferent.
174:17Skh.GrihyaI,9,8.
175:1920
19, 20. See above, the note on I, 7, 9 about the Avadna
portionsandthepeculiarcustomofthedescendantsofGamadagniwith
regardtothem.
175:22Comp.above,I,7,10.'Here'means,attheSvishtakritoblation.
175:23Comp.Praskara I, 2, 11 Satapatha Brhmana XIV, 9, 4, 24. On
theoblationsfor general expiation(sarvapryaskitthuti)comp.Skh.

GrihyaI,9,12,andthenote.
175:24'Afullvesselwhichhasbeenputdownbefore,heshouldnowpour
outontheBarhis.'Nryana.
175:25
This pouring out of the vessel holds here the place of the
Avabhritha bath at the end of the Soma sacrifice. See Weber, Indische
Studien,X,393seq.
KANDIK11.
1.Now(follows)theritualoftheanimalsacrifice.
2 2. Having prepared to the north of the fire the place for the Smitra
fire, having given drink (to the animal which he is going to sacrifice),
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havingwashedtheanimal,havingplacedittotheeast(ofthefire)with
itsfacetothewest,havingmadeoblationswiththetwoRikas,'Agni as
ourmessenger'(RigvedaI,12,1seq.),lethimtouch(theanimal)from
behindwithafreshbranchonwhichthereareleaves,with(theformula),
'Agreeabletosuchandsuch(adeity)Itouchthee.'
3. He sprinkles it from before with water in which rice and barley are,
with(theformula),'Agreeabletosuchandsuch(adeity)Isprinklethee.'
4.Havinggiven(totheanimal)todrinkofthat(water),heshouldpour
outtherest(ofit)alongitsrightforefoot.
5. Having carried fire round (it), performing that act only (without
repeatingacorrespondingMantra),theyleadittothenorth.
66.Infrontofittheycarryafirebrand.
p.177
77ThisistheSmitra(fire).
88.WiththetwoVapsrapanladlesthe'performer'touchestheanimal.
9.Thesacrificer(touches)theperformer.
10
10.
To the west of the Smitra (fire) he (the Samitri) kills (the
animal),theheadofwhichisturnedtotheeastortothewest,thefeet
to the north and having placed a grassblade on his side of the
(animal's) navel, (the 'performer') draws out the omentum, cuts offthe
omentum, seizes it with the two Agnisrapans, sprinkles it with water,
warms it at the Smitra (fire), takes it before that fire, roasts it, being
seatedtothesouth,goesround(thetwofires),andsacrificesit.
1111.Atthesamefiretheycookamessoffood.
12 12.HavingcutofftheelevenAvadnas(orportionswhichhavetobe
cut off) from the animal, from all its limbs, having boiled them at the
Smitra(fire),
p.178
and having warmed the heart on a spit, let him sacrifice first from the
messofcookedfood(mentionedinStra11)
13.OrtogetherwiththeAvadnaportions.
1414.Fromeachofthe(eleven)Avadnashecutsofftwoportions.
15 15.Theyperformtheritesonly(withoutcorrespondingMantras)with
theheart'sspit(i.e.thespitonwhichthehearthadbeenseeStra12).
Footnotes
176:2
11, 2. The Smitra fire (literally, the fire of the Samitri, who
preparesthefleshoftheimmolatedanimal)istheonementionedbelow
in Stras 7 and 10. Comp. Indische Studien, X, 345. 'I touch thee' is
upkaromicomp.KtyyanaSrautastraVI,3,19.26.
176:6 It seems that this firebrand is the same which had been carried
round the animal, according to Stra 5. Comp. KtyyanaSrautastra

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VI,5,25.
177:7Comp.Stra2.
177:8 On the two Vapsrapans, comp. KtyyanaSrautastra VI, 5, 7
Indische Studien, X, 345. The act which is here attributed to the kartri
('performer'), belongs in the Srauta ritual to the incumbencies of the
Pratiprasthtri.
177:10
On the way in which animals had to b. killed at sacrifices, see
Weber'sIndischeStudien,IX,222seq.
Onthepositionoftheheadandthefeetofthevictim,comp.Ktyyana
SrautastraVI,5,16.17.
AccordingtoKtyyanaVI,6,8seq.agrassbladeisplacedonthedead
animal's body before the navel (agrena nbhim) through that grass
bladehecutsintothebodyanddrawsouttheomentum.
'That fire' is, according to Nryana, not the Smitra but the Aupsana
fire.InthesamewayintheSrautaritualthewarmingoftheomentumis
performed at the Smitra, the boiling at the havanya fire. Ktyyana
VI,6,13.16.
177:11TheAupsanafireisreferredto.
177:12TheelevenportionsareindicatedbyKtyyana,SrautastraVI,7,
6.
178:14
'A Pakvattin cuts off three portions. Having performed the
Upastaranaand the Pratyabhighrana (the first and second pouring out

ofgya)hesacrifices(thecutoffportions).'Nryana.
178:15
On the rites regarding the spit, see Ktyyana VI, 10, 1 seq.
IndischeStudien,X,346.
KANDIK12.
1 1.AtaKaityasacrificeheshouldbeforetheSvishtakrit(offering)offer
aBalitotheKaitya.
22.If,however,(theKaitya)isdistant,(heshouldsendhisBali)through
aleafmessenger.
p.179
3 3.WiththeRik,'Wherethouknowest,Otree'(RigvedaV,5,10),let
himmaketwolumps(offood),putthemonacarryingpole,handthem
overtothemessenger,andsaytohim,'CarrythisBalitothat(Kaitya).'
4. (He gives him the lump) which is destined for the messenger, with
(thewords),'Thistothee.'
5. If there is anything dangerous between (them and the Kaitya), (he
giveshim)someweaponalso.
6 6.Ifanavigableriverisbetween(themandtheKaitya,hegiveshim)
alsosomethinglikearaftwith(thewords),'Herebythoushaltcross.'
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77.AttheDhanvantarisacrificelethimofferfirstaBalitothePurohita,
betweentheBrahmanandthefire.
Footnotes
178:112,1.ThereseemstobenodoubtthatProfessorStenzlerisrightin
giving to kaitya in this chapter its ordinary meaning of religious shrine

('Denkmal').ThetextshowsthattheKaityasacrificewasnotofferedlike
other sacrifices at the sacrificer's home, but that in some cases the
offering would have to be sent, at least symbolically, to distant places.
This confirms Professor Stenzler's translation of kaitya. Nryana
explainskaityabykittebhava,andsays,'Ifhemakesavowtoacertain
deity,saying,"IfIobtainsuchandsuchadesire,Ishalloffertotheean
gya sacrifice, or a Sthlpka, or an animal"and if he then obtains
whathehadwishedforand'performsthatsacrificetothatdeity:thisis
a kaitya sacrifice.' I do not know anything that supports this statement
astothemeaningofkaitya.
178:2
'He should make of a leaf a messenger and a carryingpole.'
Nryana.
Itisnotclearwhetherbesidesthisimageofamessengertherewasalso
a real messenger who had to carry the Bali to the Kaitya,
p. 179
or
whether the whole rite was purely symbolical, and based on the
principle:Insacrisfictaproverisaccipiuntur.
179:3Comp.PraskaraIII,11,10.
179:6PraskaraIII,11,11,
179:7Comp.above,chap.3,6.
KANDIK13.
11.TheUpanishad(treatsof)theGarbhalambhana,thePumsavana,and
the Anavalobhana (i.e. the ceremonies for securing the conception of a
child, the male gender of the child, and for preventing disturbances
whichcouldendangertheembryo).
22.Ifhedoesnotstudy(thatUpanishad),he
p.180
should in the third month of her pregnancy, under (the Nakshatra)

Tishya, give to eat (to the wife), after she has fasted, in curds from a
cow which has a calf of the same colour (with herself), two beans and
onebarleygrainforeachhandfulofcurds.
3. To his question, 'What dost thou drink? What dost thou drink?' she
should thrice reply, 'Generation of a male child! Generation of a male
child!'
4.Thusthreehandfuls(ofcurds).
5 5. He then inserts into her right nostril, in the shadow of a round
apartment,(thesapof)anherbwhichisnotfaded,
6 6. According to some (teachers) with the Pragvat and Gvaputra
hymns.
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7. Having sacrificed of a mess of cooked food sacred to Pragpati, he

shouldtouchtheplaceofherheartwiththe(verse,)'Whatishidden, O
thou whose hair is well parted, in thy heart, in Pragpati, that I know
suchismybelief.MayInotfallintodistressthatcomesfromsons.'
Footnotes
179:113,1.NryanaevidentlydidnotknowtheUpanishadherereferred
to he states that it belongs to another Skh. Comp. Professor Max

Mller'snoteonBrihadranyakaVI,4,24(S.B.E.,vol.xv,p.222).
179:2'Heshouldgiveherthetwobeansasasymbolofthetesticles,and
thebarleygrainasasymbolofthepenis.'Nryana.
180:5
Nryana (comp. also the Prayogaratna, folio 40 svalyanya
GrihyaParisishtaI,25NIS.Chambers667)separatesthisritefromthe
ceremonydescribedinStras24.HesaysthatStras24asindeedis
evidently the caserefer to the Pumsavana, and in Stra 5 begins the
Anavalobhana (comp. garbharakshana, Skh. I, 21). To me it seems
moreprobablethatthetextdescribesonecontinuousceremony.Thereis
no difficulty in supposing that of the Anavalobhana, though it is
mentionedinStra1,nodescriptionisgiveninthefollowingStras,the
samebeingthecaseundoubtedlywithregardtotheGarbhalambhana,of
whichadescriptionisfoundinthesv.ParisishtaI,25.
180:6
Two texts commencing te garbho yonim etu and Agnir etu
prathamah.See Stenzler's Various Readings, p. 48, and the Bibliotheca

Indicaedition,p.61.
p.181
KANDIK14.
1.InthefourthmonthofpregnancytheSmantonnayana(orpartingof
thehair,isperformed).
2. In the fortnight of the increasing moon, when the moon stands in
conjunctionwithaNakshatra(thathasaname)ofmasculinegender
33.Thenhegivesitsplacetothefire,andhavingspreadtothewestof
itabull'shidewiththenecktotheeast,withthehairoutside,(hemakes
oblations,)while(hiswife)issittingonthat(hide)andtakesholdofhim,
with the two (verses), 'May Dhtri give to hisworshipper,'withthetwo
verses, 'I invoke Rk' (Rigveda II, 32, 4 seq.), and with (the texts),
'Negamesha,'and,'Pragpati,nootheronethanthou'(RigVedaX,121,
10).
4. He then three times parts her hair upwards (i.e. beginning from the
front)withabunchcontaininganevennumberofunripefruits,andwith
aporcupine'squillthathasthreewhitespots,andwiththreebunchesof
Kusagrass,with(thewords),'Bhrbhuvah,svar,om!'
5.Orfourtimes.
6.Hegivesorderstotwoluteplayers,'SingkingSoma.'
77.(Theysing)'MaySomaourkingblessthehumanrace.Settledisthe
wheelofN.N.'(heretheyname)therivernearwhichtheydwell.
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p.182
8. And whatever aged Brhmana woman, whose husbands and children

arealive,tellthem,thatletthemdo.
9.Abullisthefeeforthesacrifice.
Footnotes
181:3 14, 3. Comp. above, chap. 8, 9. Regarding the two verses Dht
dadtu dsushe, see Skh.Grihya I, 22, 7. The Negamesha hymn is

RigvedaKhailikaskta,vol.vi,p.31,ed.MaxMuller.
181:7Comp.PraskaraI,15,8.TheGththereissomewhatdifferent.I
cannotseewhyinthesvalyanaredactionofitnivishtakakrsaushould
not be explained, conformably to the p. 182 regular Sandhi laws, as
nivishtakakrasau.Thewheelofcoursemeansthedominion.
KANDIK15.
11.Whenasonhasbeenborn,(thefather)should,beforeotherpeople
touchhim,givehimtoeatfromgold(i.e.fromagoldenvesselorwitha
golden spoon) butter and honey with which he has ground gold(dust),
with (the verse), 'I administer to thee the wisdom ('veda') of honey, of
ghee,raisedbySavitrithebountiful.Longliving,protectedbythegods,
liveahundredautumnsinthisworld!'
2. Approaching (his mouth) to (the child's) two ears he murmurs the
'production of intelligence:' 'Intelligence may give to thee god Savitri,
intelligencemaygoddessSarasvat,intelligencemaygivetotheethetwo
divineAsvins,wreathedwithlotus.'
33.Hetouches(thechild's)twoshoulderswith(theverse),'Beastone,
beanaxe,beinsuperablegold.ThouindeedarttheVeda,calledsonso
live a hundred autumns'and with (the verses), 'Indra, give the best
treasures'(RigvedaII,21,6),Bestowonus,Obountifulone,Ospeedy
one'(RigvedaIII,36,10).
4.Andletthemgivehimanamebeginningwith
p.183
asonant,withasemivowelinit,withtheVisargaatitsend,consistingof
twosyllables,
5.Oroffoursyllables
6.Oftwosyllables,ifheisdesirousoffirmpositionoffoursyllables, if
heisdesirousofholylustre
7. But in every case with an even number (of syllables) for men, an
unevenforwomen.
8. And let him also find out (for the child) a name to be used at
respectfulsalutations(suchasthatduetothekryaattheceremonyof
theinitiation)thathismotherandhisfather(alone)shouldknowtillhis
initiation.
9. When he returns from a journey, he embraces his son's head and
murmurs, 'From limb by limb thou art produced out of the heart thou
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art born. Thou indeed art the self called son so live a hundred
autumns!'(thus)hekisseshimthreetimesonhishead.
10.Theriteonly(withouttheMantraisperformed)foragirl.
Footnotes
182:115,1.Comp.sv.GrihyaParisishtaI,26.IfollowProfessorStenzler,
whocorrectsmaghonmintomaghoncomp.Skh.GrihyaI,24,4.
182:3
Vedo may as well be the nominative of veda as that of vedas
('property').
KANDIK16.
1 1.InthesixthmonththeAnnaprsana(i.e.thefirstfeedingwithsolid
food).
2.Goat'sflesh,ifheisdesirousofnourishment,
3.Fleshofpartridge,ifdesirousofholylustre,
4.Boiledricewithghee,ifdesirousofsplendour:
5.(Such)food,mixedwithcurds,honeyandgheeheshouldgive(tothe
child) to eat with (the verse), 'Lord of food, give us food painless and
strong
p.184
bringforwardthegiverbestowpoweronus,onmenandanimals.'
6.Theriteonly(withouttheMantra)foragirl.
Footnotes
183:1 16, 1
seq. Comp. Skh.Grihya I, 27, 1 seq. The two texts are
nearlywordforwordidentical.
KANDIK17.
1. In the third year the Kaula (i.e. the tonsure of the child's head), or
accordingtothecustomofthefamily.
2.Tothenorthofthefireheplacesvesselswhicharefilledrespectively,
withrice,barley,beans,andsesamumseeds
3.Tothewest(theboy)forwhomtheceremonyshallbeperformed,in
hismother'slap,bulldunginanewvessel,andSamleavesareplaced.
44.Tothesouthofthemotherthefather(isseated)holdingtwentyone
bunchesofKusagrass.
5.OrtheBrahmanshouldholdthem.
6.Tothewestof(theboy)forwhomtheceremonyistobeperformed,
(the father) stations himself and pours cold and warm water together
with(thewords),'Withwarmwater,OVyu,comehither!'
7. Taking of that (water), (and) fresh butter, or (some) drops of curds,
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hethreetimesmoistens(theboy's)head,fromthelefttotheright,with
(the formula), 'May Aditi cut thy hair may the waters moisten thee for
vigour!'
88.Intotherightpart(ofthehair)heputseach
p.185
timethreeKusabunches,withthepointstowards(theboy)himself,with
(thewords),'Herb!protecthim!'
9.(Withthewords,)'Axe!donoharmtohim!'hepressesacopperrazor
(ontheKusablades),
10. And cuts (the hair) with (the verse), 'The razor with which in the
beginningSavitritheknowingonehasshaved(thebeard)ofkingSoma
and of Varuna, with that, ye Brhmanas, shave now his (hair), that he
maybeblessedwithlonglife,witholdage.'
11. Each time that he has cut, he gives (the hairs) with their points to
theeast,togetherwithSamleaves,tothemother.Sheputsthemdown
onthebulldung.
12. 'With what Dhtri has shaven (the head) of Brihaspati, Agni and
Indra,forthesakeoflonglife,withthatIshavethy(head)forthesake
oflonglife,ofglory,andofwelfare'thusasecondtime.
1313.'Bywhathemayatnightfurtherseethesun,andseeitlong,with
that I shave thy (head) for the sake of long life, of glory, and of
welfare'thusathirdtime.
14.Withall(theindicated)Mantrasafourthtime.
15.Thusthreetimesontheleftside(ofthehead).
16 16.Let him wipe off the edge of the razor with (the words), 'If thou
shavest, as a shaver, his hair with the razor, the wounding, the well
shaped,purifyhishead,butdonottakeawayhislife.'
p.186
17.Lethimgiveorderstothebarber,'Withlukewarmwaterdoingwhat
hastobedonewithwater,withoutdoingharmtohim,arrange(hishair)
well.'
18 18.Let him have the arrangement of the hair made according to the
customofhisfamily.
19.Theriteonly(withouttheMantras)foragirl.
Footnotes
184:4 He cuts off the hair four times on the right side (Stras 1014),
three times on the left side (Stra 15) each time three Kusa bunches
arerequired.Thisisthereasonwhytwentyonebunchesareprescribed.
184:8 Each of the four times and of the three times respectively that he
cutsoffthehairseetheprecedingnote.
185:13Insteadofyenabhyaskartrym,Praskara(II,1,16)has,yena
bhriskardivam.
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185:16Comp.PraskaraII,I,19AtharvavedaVIII,2,17.
186:18 On these family customs, see Grihyasamgrahaparisishta II, 40
Roth, Zur Literatur and Geschichte des Weda, p. 120 Max Mller,
HistoryofA.S.L.,p.54seq.Weber,IndischeStudien,X,95.
KANDIK18.
1.TherebytheGodnakarman(i.e.theceremonyofshavingthebeard,
isdeclared).
2.Inthesixteenthyear.
3. Instead of the word 'hair' he should (each time that it occurs in the
Mantras)puttheword'beard.'
44.Heretheymoistenthebeard.
5 5.(TheMantrais),'Purifyhisheadandhisface,butdonottakeaway
hislife.'
66.Hegivesorders(tothebarberwiththewords),'Arrangehishair,his
beard,thehairofhisbody,andhisnails,endinginthenorth.'
778.Havingbathedandsilentlystoodduringtherestoftheday,lethim
breakhissilenceinthepresenceofhisteacher,(sayingtohim,)'Igive
anoptionalgift(tothee).'
8.Anoxandacowisthesacrificialfee.
p.187
9 9. Let (the teacher) impose (on the youth the observances declared
below)foroneyear.
Footnotes
186:418,4.Seeabove,chap.17,7.
186:5Seechap.17,16.
186:6AccordingtoNryana,hesaystothebarber(chap.17,17),'With
lukewarm water doing what has to be done with water, without doing
harm to him, arrange his hair, his beard, the hair of his body, and his
nails,endinginthenorth.'
186:78 7, 8. On restrictions like that contained in the eighth Stra as to
the object in which the vara (optional gift) had to consist, see Weber,
IndischeStudien,V,343.
187:9Seebelow,chap.22,22.
KANDIK19.
1.IntheeighthyearlethiminitiateaBrhmana,
2.Orintheeighthyearaftertheconception
3.IntheeleventhaKshatriya
4.InthetwelfthaVaisya.
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5.Untilthesixteenth(year)thetimehasnotpassedforaBrhmana
6.UntilthetwentysecondforaKshatriya
7.UntilthetwentyfourthforaVaisya.
8. After that (time has passed), they become patitasvitrka (i.e. they
havelosttheirrightoflearningtheSvitr).
9. No one should initiate such men, nor teach them, nor perform
sacrificesforthem,norhaveintercoursewiththem.
10 10. (Let him initiate) the youth who is adorned and whose (hair on
the)headisarranged,whowearsa(new)garmentthathasnotyetbeen
washed,oranantelopeskin,ifheisaBrhmana,theskinofaspotted
deer,ifaKshatriya,agoat'sskin,ifaVaisya.
11. If they put on garments, they should put on dyed (garments): the
Brhmanaareddishyellowone,theKshatriyaalightredone,theVaisya
ayellowone.
12.Theirgirdlesare:thatofaBrhmanamadeofMugagrass,thatofa
Kshatriyaabowstring,thatofaVaisyawoollen.
p.188
13. Their staffs are: that of a Brhmana of Palsa wood, that of a

KshatriyaofUdumbarawood,thatofaVaisyaofBilvawood.
Footnotes
187:10 19, 10.
By the 'arranging of the hair' the cutting of the hair is
implied,asisseenfromchap.22,22.
KANDIK20.
1.Orall(sortsofstaffsaretobeused)by(menof)all(castes).
2 2. While (the student) takes hold of him, the teacher sacrifices and
thenstationshimselftothenorthofthefire,withhisfaceturnedtothe
east.
3.Totheeast(ofthefire)withhisfacetothewesttheotherone.
4.(Theteacherthen)fillsthetwohollowsof(hisownandthestudent's)
joinedhandswithwater,andwiththeverse,'ThatwechooseofSavitri'
(RigvedaV,82,1)hemakeswiththefull(hollowofhisownhandsthe
water) flow down on the full (hollow of) his, (i.e. the student's hands.)
Having (thus) poured (the water over his hands) he should with his
(own)handseizehis(i.e.thestudent's)handtogetherwiththethumb,
with (the formula), 'By the impulse of the god Savitri, with the arms of
thetwoAsvins,withPshan'shandsIseizethyhand,N.N.!'
5.With(thewords),'Savitrihasseizedthyhand,N.N.!'asecondtime.
6.With(thewords),'Agniisthyteacher,N.N.!'athirdtime.
7. He should cause him to look at the sun while the teacher says, 'God
Savitri,thisisthyBrahmakrinprotecthimmayhenotdie.'
p.189
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8. (And further the teacher says), 'Whose Brahmakrin art thou? The
breath'sBrahmakrinartthou.Whodoesinitiatethee,andwhom(does
heinitiate)?TowhomshallIgivetheeincharge?'
9.Withthehalfverse,'Ayouth,wellattired,dressedcamehither'(Rig
veda III, 8, 4) he should cause him to turn round from the left to the
right.
10. Reaching with his two hands over his (i.e. the student's) shoulders
(theteacher)shouldtouchtheplaceofhisheartwiththefollowing(half
verse).
1111.Havingwipedthegroundroundthefire,thestudentshouldputon
a piece of wood silently. 'Silence indeed is what belongs to Pragpati.
ThestudentbecomesbelongingtoPragpati'thisisunderstood(inthe
Sruti).
Footnotes
188:220,2.Heofferstheoblationsprescribedabove,chap.1,4,3seq.
189:11Onthewipingofthegroundroundthefire,comp.above,chap.3,
1SkhyanaGrihyaI,7,11.Nryanaherehasthefollowingremarks,
which I can scarcely believe to express the real meaning of this Stra:
'Herethewipingofthegroundroundthefireisoutofplace,becausethe
Samskrasforthefirehavealreadybeenperformed.Astothat,itshould
beobservedthatthewipingismentionedhereinorderthat,whenfuelis
putonthefireintheeveningandinthemorning,thesprinklingofwater
and the wiping may be performed. But on this occasion (at the
Upanayana) the student does not perform the wiping, &c., and silently
putsapieceofwoodonthatfire.'
KANDIK21.
1. Some (do this) with a Mantra: 'To Agni I have brought a piece of
wood,tothegreatGtavedas.Throughthatpieceofwoodincreasethou,
OAgnithroughtheBrahman(may)we(increase).Svh!'
2.Havingputthefuel(onthefire)andhaving
p.190
touchedthefire,hethreetimeswipesoffhisfacewith(thewords),'With
splendourIanointmyself.'
3.'Forwithsplendourdoesheanointhimself'thisisunderstood(inthe
Sruti).
4.'OnmemayAgnibestowinsight,onmeoffspring,onmesplendour.
'On me may Indra bestow insight, on me offspring, on me strength
(indriya).
'OnmemaySryabestowinsight,onmeoffspring,onmeradiance.
'Whatthysplendouris,Agni,mayItherebybecomeresplendent.
'Whatthyvigouris,Agni,mayItherebybecomevigorous.
'What thy consuming power is, Agni, may I thereby obtain consuming
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power'with (these formulas) he should approach the fire, bend his

knee, embrace (the teacher's feet), and say to him, 'Recite, sir! The
Svitr,sir,recite!'
5.Seizingwithhis(i.e.thestudent's)garmentandwith(hisown)hands
(the student's) hands (the teacher) recites the Svitr, (firstly) Pda by
Pda,(then)hemistichbyhemistich,(andfinally)thewhole(verse).
6.Heshouldmakehimrecite(theSvitr)asfarasheisable.
7. On the place of his (i.e. the student's) heart (the teacher) lays his
hand with the fingers upwards, with (the formula), 'Into my will I take
thy heart after my mind shall thy mind follow in my word thou shalt
rejoicewithallthywillmayBrihaspatijointheetome.'
KANDIK22.
1. Having tied the girdle round him and given him the staff, he should
imposethe(observancesofthe)Brahmakaryaonhim
2.(Withthewords),'ABrahmakrinthouart.Eatwater.Dotheservice.
Donotsleepinthedaytime.DevotedtotheteacherstudytheVeda.'
3. Twelve years lasts the Brahmakarya for (each) Veda, or until he has
learntit.
4.Lethimbeg(food)intheeveningandinthemorning.
5.Lethimputfuelon(thefire)intheeveningandinthemorning.
6.Lethimbegfirstofamanwhowillnotrefuse,
7.Orofawomanwhowillnotrefuse.
8.(Inbeggingheshouldusethewords),'Sir,givefood!'
99.Or,'(Sir,give)Anupravakanya(food).'
1010.That(whichhehasreceived)heshouldannouncetohisteacher.
11.Heshouldstandtherestoftheday.
1212.Aftersunset(thestudent)shouldcooktheBrhmaudana(orboiled
rice with which the Brhmanas are to be fed) for the Anupravakanya
sacrifice(thesacrificetobeperformedafterapartoftheVedahasbeen
studied),andshouldannouncetotheteacher(thatitisready).
p.192
13. The teacher should sacrifice, while the student takes hold of him,
withtheverse,'Thewonderfullordoftheabode'(RigVedaI,18,6).
14.AsecondtimewiththeSvitr
1515.Andwhateverelsehasbeenstudiedafterwards.
16.AthirdtimetotheRishis.
17.Afourthtime(theoblation)to(Agni)Svishtakrit.
18 18. Having given food to the Brhmanas he should cause them to
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pronouncetheendoftheVeda(study).
19. From that time (the student) should eat no saline food he should
observe chastity, and should sleep on the ground through three nights,
ortwelvenights,oroneyear.
20 20. When he has fulfilled those observances, (the teacher) performs
(forhim)the'productionofintelligence,'(inthefollowingway):
21 21. While (the student) towards an unobjectionable direction (of the
horizon)sprinklesthrice(water)fromthelefttotherightwithawater
potrounda
p.193
[paragraph continues] Palsa (tree) with one root, or round a Kusa

bunch,ifthereisnoPalsa,(theteacher)causeshimtosay,'Oglorious
one, thou art glorious. As thou, O glorious one, art glorious, thus, O
gloriousone,leadmetoglory.Asthouartthepreserverofthetreasure
of sacrifice for the gods, thus may I become the preserver of the
treasureoftheVedaformen.'
22 22.Thereby, beginning with his having the hair cut, and ending with
thegivingincharge,theimposingofobservanceshasbeendeclared.
23.Thusforonewhohasnotbeeninitiatedbefore.
24.Nowasregardsonewhohasbeeninitiatedbefore:
2525.Thecuttingofthehairisoptional,
2626.Andthe'productionofintelligence.'
2727.Onthegivinginchargetherearenoexpressrules(inthiscase)
2828.Andonthetime.
29 29.(Heshouldrecitetohim)astheSvitr(theRik),'Thatwechoose
ofgodSavitri'(RigvedaV,82,1).
Footnotes
191:922,9.FoodfortheAnupravakanyaofferingseeStra12.
191:10SkhyanaGrihyaII,6,7PraskaraII,5,8.
191:12 'The student
should, according to the rules for the Pkayagas,
cook the Anupravakanya food and announce it to the teacher in the

words,"Thefoodiscooked."'Nryana.
192:15Nryanamentionsassuchtextsespeciallythosebelongingtothe
ranyaka, viz. the Mahnmnyas, the Mahvrata, and the Upanishad.

ButthereisnoreasonwhyweshouldnotthinkquiteaswelloftheRig
vedaSamhititself.
192:18'Heshouldsay,"Sirs!PronouncetheendoftheVeda(study)."And
they should reply, "May an end of the Veda (study) be made."'

Nryana.
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192:21 'The objectionable directions are three, the south, the southeast,
thesouthwest.'Nryana.
Susravas,whichIhavetranslatedby'glorious,'atthesametimemeans,
'endowed with good hearing,' i.e. successful in study. The student
therefore by the same word prays for glory and for success in Vedic
learning.
193:22
The rules stated above for the Upanayana, beginning with the
prescriptionregarding the cutting of the hair (given chap. 19, so in the

words,'whose[haironthe]headisarranged'seethenotethere),and
ending with the ceremony prescribed chap. 20, 8, are to be extended
alsotoothercasesoftheimposingofavow,such,forinstance,asthat
mentionedchap.18,9.
193:25Seechap.79,10.
193:26Seeabove,Stra20.
193:27Seechap.20,8.
193:28Seechap.4,1.
193:29InsteadoftheordinarySvitr,RigvedaIII,62,10.
KANDIK23.
11.Hechoosespriests(forofficiatingatasacrifice)withneitherdeficient
norsuperfluouslimbs,'whoon
p.194
themother'sandonthefather'sside(&c.),'asithasbeensaidabove.
2.Lethimchooseyoungmenasofficiatingpriests:thus(declare)some
(teachers).
3.HechoosesfirsttheBrahman,thentheHotri,thentheAdhvaryu,then
theUdgtri.
4 4.Or all who officiate at the Ahna sacrifices and at those lasting one
day.
55.TheKaushtakinasprescribetheSadasyaastheseventeenth,saying,
'Heisthelookeronattheperformances.'
66.ThishasbeensaidinthetwoRikas,'Hewhomtheofficiatingpriests,
performing(thesacrifice)inmanyways'(RigvedaVIII,58,I.2).
77.HechoosestheHotrifirst.
8. With (the formula), 'Agni is my Hotri he is my Hotri I choose thee
N.N.asmyHotri'(hechooses)theHotri.
p.195
9.With(theformula),'Kandramas(themoon)ismyBrahmanheismy
Brahman I choose thee N.N. as my Brahman' (he chooses) the
Brahman.
10. With (the formula), 'ditya (the sun) is my Adhvaryu (he is my
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Adhvaryu,&c.)'theAdhvaryu.
11. With (the formula), 'Parganya is my Udgtri (he is my Udgtri,
&c.)'theUdgtri.
1212.With(theformula),'Thewatersaremyrecitersofwhatbelongsto
theHotrakas'theHotrakas.
13 1314. With (the formula), 'The rays are my Kamasdhvaryus'the
Kamasdhvaryus.
14.With(theformula),'TheetherismySadasya'theSadasya.
15. He whom he has chosen should murmur, 'A great thing thou hast
told me splendour thou hast told me fortune thou hast told me glory
thouhasttoldmepraisethouhasttoldmesuccessthouhasttoldme
enjoyment thou hast told me satiating thou hast told me everything
thouhasttoldme.'
16.Havingmurmured(thisformula),theHotrideclareshisassent(inthe
words),'AgniisthyHotriheisthyHotrithyhumanHotriamI.'
17.'Kandramas(themoon)isthyBrahmanheisthyBrahman(&c.)'
thustheBrahman.
18. In the same way the others according to the prescriptions (given
above).
1919.Andif(thepriestwhoacceptstheinvitation)
p.196
isgoingtoperformthesacrifice(fortheinvitingperson,heshouldadd),
'May that bless me may that enter upon me may I thereby enjoy
(bliss).'
20 20. The functions of an officiating priest are not to be exercised, if
abandoned (by another priest), or at an Ahna sacrifice with small
sacrificial fee, or for a person that is sick, or suffering, oraffectedwith
consumption, or decried among the people in his village, or of despised
extraction: for such persons (the functions of a Ritvig should not be
exercised).
2121.He(whoischosenasaRitvig)shouldasktheSomapravka,'What
sacrificeisit?Whoare
p.197
thepriestsofficiating?Whatisthefeeforthesacrifice?'
22.If(alltheconditions)arefavourable,heshouldaccept.
23. Let (the officiating priests) eat no flesh nor have intercourse with a
wifeuntilthecompletionofthesacrifice.
24. 'By this prayer, O Agni, increase' (Rigveda I, 31, 18)with (this
verse) let him offer (at the end of the sacrifice) an oblation of gya in
(hisown)Dakshingni,andgoawaywherehelikes
25. In the same way one who has not set up the (Srauta) fires, in his
(sacred) domestic fire with this Rik, 'Forgive us, O Agni, this sin' (Rig
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vedaI,31,16).
Footnotes
193:123,1.Comp.SrautastraIX,3,20GrihyastraI,5,1.
194:4TheAhnasacrificesarethosewhichlastmorethanoneday,butnot
morethantwelvedays.(IndischeStudien,IX,373X,355.)Thepriests
officiatingatsuchsacrificesarethesixteenstatedintheSrautastraIV,
1, 6. 7. Those besides the sixteen, though they are chosen (saty api
varane)fortakingpartinthesacredperformances,havenottherankof
ritvigas (officiating priests) such are the Sadasya, the Samitri, and the
Kamasdhvaryavah(schol.Srautas.loc.cit.).SeeMaxMller'sHistoryof
A.S.L.,pp.450,469seq.AstotheSadasya,however,therewassome
differenceofopinion(seethenextStra).
194:5OntheofficeoftheSadasya,seeIndischeStudien,X,136,144.
194:6ThetwoRikasquotedherebelongtothetenthamongtheVlakhilya
hymns, a hymn omitted in many of the Rigveda MSS. They give no

special confirmation to the rules stated in our text, but contain only a
general allusion to the unity of the sacrifice, which the various priests
performinmanyvariousways.
194:7 'If the four (chief) priests have to be chosen, the choosing of the
Brhmanastandsfirstinorder(seeabove,Stra3)ifall(thesixteen),
thenthechoosingoftheHotristandsfirstinorder.'Nryana.
195:12Thetwelvepriestsofthesixteen(see4note)whodonotstandat
the head of one of the four categories. Those at the head are
enumeratedintheSutras
195:131413,14.Seeabove,4note.
195:19
Priests who only perform the Agnydheya for a person, are,
according to Nryana's note on this Stra, not considered as
p. 196
performing a sacrifice for him consequently the formula given here is

onlytobeusedbypriestswhoareelectedforaSomasacrifice.Stenzler
translates,'Sosprichter,wennerdasOpferdurchsievollziehenlassen
will.'Butthiswouldbeyakshyamnah,notygayishyan.
196:20 The tradition takes nkadakshinasya as in apposition to ahnasya,
and I have translated accordingly. But I cannot help thinking that the
twowordsshouldbeseparated,sothatweshouldhavetotranslate,'or
at an Ahna, or for a person that gives small sacrificial fee.' Thus the
Brhmana quoted by pastamba (see the commentary on the
Pakavimsa Brhmana, vol. i, p. 6, ed. Bibl. Indica) gives the following
questions which the Ritvig to be chosen should ask, 'Is it no Ahna
sacrifice? Is the Ritvig office not abandoned by others? Is the sacrificial
fee plentiful?' It is a very singular fact, that on the one hand the
assistanceofanumberofRitvigaswasunanimouslydeclared necessary
fortheperformanceofanAhnasacrifice,whileontheotherhanditwas
considered objectionable, at least among some of the Vedic schools, to
officiateatsuchasacrifice.SeeWeber'sIndischeStudien,X,150,151.
OnanudesyabhisastaNryanasays,sadesinbhisastasyaivameke.anye
tu srddhe pratishiddhasyety huh. It seems to me that anudesya (or
rather nudesya?) in SkhyanaSraut. V, 1, 10 (Indische Studien, X,
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147)meansthesame,thoughthecommentaryonthatStraascribes a
differentmeaningtothatword.
196:21
The Somapravka is the messenger who invites the priests on
behalfofthesacrificertoofficiateathisintendedSomasacrifice.Comp.
IndischeStudien,IX,308.
KANDIK24.
1 1. When he has chosen the Ritvigas, he should offer the Madhuparka
(i.e. honeymixture) to them (in the way described in Stras 5 and
following)
2.ToaSntaka,whenhecomestohishouse
3.Andtoaking
4.Andforateacher,thefatherinlaw,apaternaluncle,andamaternal
uncle.
5.Hepourshoneyintocurds,
6.Orbutter,ifhecangetnohoney.
7. A seat, the water for washing the feet, the Arghya water (i.e.
perfumed water into which flowers have been thrown), the water for
sipping,thehoneymixture,
p.198
a cow: every one of these things they announce three times (to the
guest).
8.With(theverse),'Iamthehighestoneamongmypeople,asthesun
amongthethunderbolts.HereItreadonhimwhosoeverinfestsme'he
shouldsitdownontheseat(madeof)northwardpointed(grass).
9.Or(heshoulddoso)afterhehastroddenonit.
10.Heshouldmake(hishost)washhisfeet.
11.TherightfootheshouldstretchoutfirsttoaBrhmana,
12.ThelefttoaSdra.
13. When his feet have been washed, he receives the Arghya water in
thehollowofhisjoinedhandsandthensipsthewaterdestinedthereto,
with(theformula),'ThouartthefirstlayerforAmbrosia.'
14. He looks at the Madhuparka when it is brought to him, with (the
formula),'IlookattheewithMitra'seye.'
15. He accepts it with his joined hands with (the formula), 'By the
impulse of the god Svitr, with the arms of the two Asvins, with the
handsofPshanIacceptthee.'Hethentakesitintohislefthand,looks
atitwiththethreeverses,'Honeythewindstotherighteousone'(Rig
vedaI,90,6seqq.),stirsitaboutthreetimesfromlefttorightwiththe
fourthfingerandthethumb,andwipes(hisfingers)with(theformula),
'MaytheVasuseattheewiththeGyatrmetre'totheeast
16. With (the formula), 'May the Rudras eat thee with the Trishtubh
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metre'tothesouth
17. With (the formula), 'May the dityas eat thee with the Gagat
metre'tothewest
p.199
18. With (the formula), 'May the Visve devs eat thee with the
Anushtubhmetre'tothenorth.
19.With(theformula),'Tothebeingsthee'hethreetimestakes(some
oftheMadhuparkasubstance)outofthemiddleofit.
20. With (the formula), 'The milk of Virg art thou'he should partake
thereofthefirsttime,
21.With,'ThemilkofVirgmayIobtain'thesecondtime,
22 22. With, 'In me (may) the milk of Pady Virg (dwell)'the third
time.
23.(Heshould)not(eat)thewhole(Madhuparka).
24.Heshouldnotsatiatehimself.
25.ToaBrhmana,tothenorth,heshouldgivetheremainder.
26.Ifthatcannotbedone,(heshouldthrowit)intowater.
27.Or(hemayeat)thewhole(Madhuparka).
28 28.Hethenmakesarinsingofhismouthfollow(ontheeatingofthe
Madhuparka)withthewaterdestinedthereto,with(theformula),'Thou
artthecoveringofAmbrosia.'
29. With (the formula), 'Truth! Glory! Fortune! May fortune rest on
me!'asecondtime.
30.Whenhehassippedwater,theyannouncetohimthecow.
31. Having murmured, 'Destroyed is my sin my sin is destroyed,' (he
says,)'Om,doit,'ifhechoosestohaveherkilled.
32. Having murmured, 'The mother of the Rudras, the daughter of the
Vasus'(RigvedaVIII,101,15),
p.200
[paragraphcontinues](hesays,)'Om,letherloose,'ifhechoosestolet
herloose.
3333.LettheMadhuparkanotbewithoutflesh,withoutflesh.
EndoftheFirstAdhyya.
Footnotes
197:1 24, 1 seqq. Comp. SkhyanaGrihya II, 15. The second Stra is
paraphrased by Nryana thus, 'To a person that has performed the

Samvartana (see below, III, 8), when he comes on that day to his
housewiththeintentionofformingamatrimonialalliance.'
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199:22OnPadyVirg,seethenoteonSkhyanaGrihyaIII,7,5.
199:28Comp.above,Stra13.
200:33Comp.SkhyanaGrihyaII,15,2.
ADHYYAII,KANDIK1.
1 1.On the full moon day of the Srvana month the Srvana ceremony
(isperformed).
2.Havingfilledanewjugwithflouroffriedbarley,helays(thisjug)and
aspoonforofferingtheBalisonnewstringsofacarryingpole(andthus
suspendsthem).
3. Having prepared fried barley grains, he smears half of them with
butter.
4.Aftersunsethepreparesamessofcookedfoodandacakeinonedish
andsacrifices(thecookedfood)withthefourverses,'Agni,leadusona
goodpathtowealth'(RigvedaI,189,1seqq.),versebyverse,andwith
his hand the (cake) in one dish with (the formula),'TothesteadyOne,
theearthdemon,svh!'
5.(Thecake)shouldbe(entirely)immersed(intothebutter),oritsback
shouldbevisible.
6.With(theverse),'Agni,donotdeliverustoevil'(RigvedaI,189,5)
hesacrificesoverit(thebutter)inwhichithadlain.
7
78.
With (the verse), 'May the steeds at our invocation be for a
blessingtous'(RigvedaVII,38,7)(hesacrifices)thebesmearedgrains
withhisjoinedhands,
8.Theother(grains)heshouldgivetohispeople.
9.Outofthejughefillsthespoonwithflour,
p.202
goes out (of the house) to the east, pours water on the ground on a
clean spot, sacrifices with (the formula), 'To the divine hosts of the
serpents svh!' and does reverence to them with (the formula), 'The
serpentswhichareterrestrial,whichareaerial,whicharecelestial,which
dwellinthedirections(ofthehorizon)tothemIhavebroughtthisBali
tothemIgiveoverthisBali.'
10. Having gone round (the Bali) from left to right, he sits downtothe
westoftheBaliwith(thewords),'Theserpentartthouthelordofthe
creeping serpents art thou by food thou protectest men, by cake the
serpents,bysacrificethegods.Tome,beinginthee,theserpentsbeing
in thee should do no harm. I give over the firm one (i.e. the spoon) to
thee.'
11.'Firmone,(Igive)N.N.(incharge)tothee!Firmone,(Igive)N.N.
(in charge) to thee!'with (these words he gives) his people, man by
man,(inchargetotheserpentgod)
12.'Firmone,Igivemyselfinchargetothee!'withthesewordshimself
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attheend.
13.Letnoonestepbetweenit(i.e.theBali,andthesacrificer),untilthe
givinginchargehasbeenperformed.
14 14.With (theformula), 'Tothedivinehostsof the serpentssvh!'
let him offer the Bali in the evening and in the morning, till the
Pratyavarohana(i.e.theceremonyofthe'redescent').
1515.Somecount(thedaystillthePratyavarohana)
p.203
and offer the corresponding number of Balis already on that day (on
whichtheSravanceremonyisperformed).
Footnotes
201:11,1.Nryana'sobservationthattheSrvanafullmooncanfallalso
under certain other Nakshatras than Sravana itself, furnishes no reason

whyweshouldthinkhereofsolarmonths,asProf.Stenzlerproposes.
201:787,8.Seeabove,Stra3.9.Seeabove,Stra1.
202:14OnthePratyavarohana,seethethirdchapterofthisAdhyya.
202:15I.e.twoBaliofferingsforeachday,oneforthemorningandonefor
theevening.
KANDIK2.
1. On the full moon day of svayuga the svayug ceremony (is
performed).
2 2. Having adorned the house, having bathed and put on clean
garments,theyshouldpouroutamessofcookedfoodforPasupati,and
shouldsacrifice it with (the formula), To Pasupati, to Siva, to Samkara,
toPrishtakasvh!'
3.Heshouldsacrificewithhisjoinedhandsamixtureofcurdsandbutter
(prishtaka) with (the formula), 'May what is deficient be made full to
memaywhatisfullnotdecaytome.ToPrishtakasvh!'
44.'Unitedwiththeseasons,unitedwiththemanners,unitedwithIndra
andAgni,svh!
'Unitedwiththeseasons,unitedwiththemanners,unitedwiththeVisve
devs,svh!
'United with the seasons, united with the manners, united with Heaven
and Earth, svh!'with (these formulas) a mess of cooked food is
offeredatthe
p.204
[paragraph continues] grayana sacrifice by one who has set up the

(sacredSrauta)fires.
5.Alsobyonewhohasnotsetupthe(Srauta)fires(thesameofferingis
performed)inthe(sacred)domesticfire.
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Footnotes
203:2
2, 2. 'The plural "They should sacrifice it" means, that while the
sacrificeisperformedbythehouseholder,hissonsandtheotherpersons
belongingtothehouseshouldtouchhim.'Nryana.
203:4Thegrayanasacrifice,whichisofferedwhenthesacrificerisgoing
topartakeofthefirstfruitsoftheharvest,istreatedof,withrelationto
a sacrificer who keeps the Srauta fires, in the Srautastra II, q. This
Strainmyopinionshouldbeunderstoodasasupplementaryadditionto
that chapter. Nryana refers the rule here given to the case of any
incidentordanger(pad)whichpreventsthesacrificerfrom performing
theceremonyinitsfullerform,asprescribedintheSrautastra.
KANDIK3.
1 1.On the full moon of Mrgasrsha the 'redescent' (is performed)on
thefourteenth(Tithi),
2.Oron(theTithiof)thefullmoon(itself).
33.Havingagainrenovatedthehouseby(givinganew)coating(tothe
walls), by spreading out (a new roof), and by levelling (the floor), they
should sacrifice after sunset (oblations) of milkrice with (the texts),
'Beat away, O white one, with thy foot, with the forefoot and with the
hindfoot, these seven daughters of Varuna and all that belong to the
king'stribe.Svh!
'Withinthedominionofthewhiteonenoserpenthaskilledanything.To
thewhiteone,thesonofVidrva,adoration!Svh!'
4.Herenooblationto(Agni)Svishtakrit(ismade).
5 5. 'May we be secure from Pragpati's sons'thus he murmurs while
lookingatthefire.
p.205
6.(Saying),'Behappyandfriendlytous'heshouldthinkinhismindof
thewinter.
7. To the west of the fire is a wellspread layer (of straw) on that he
shouldsitdown,murmur(theverse),'Besoft,Oearth'(RigvedaI,22,
15), and lie down (on that layer) with his people, with the head to the
eastandthefacetothenorth.
8.Theothers,asthereisroom.
9.Orfollowingoneachotherfromtheeldesttotheyoungest.
1010.ThosewhoknowtheMantras,shouldmurmurtheMantras.
11 11.Arising(theyshould)threetimes(murmurtheverse),'Fromthat
placemaythegodsblessus'(RigvedaI,22,16).
12 12. The same (verse) a fourth time with their faces to the south, to
thewest,andtothenorth.
13. Having arisen, having murmured the hymns sacred to the Sun and
theauspicioushymns,havingpreparedfoodandgiventotheBrhmanas
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toeat,heshouldcause(them)topronounceauspiciouswords.
Footnotes
204:13,1.Ontheceremonyof'redescent,'comp.SkhyanaGrihyaIV,
17 Praskara III, 2. The fourteenth Tithi of the bright fortnight,

precedingthefullmoon,isreferredto.
204:3'Again'refers to chap. 2, 2. As to the words 'they should sacrifice,'
comp. the note on the same Stra. The first Mantra reoccurs in
SkhyanaGrihya IV, 18, 1. The text of the second should be, na vai
svetasydhykre,&c.comp.PraskaraII,14,5.
204:5TheserpentsarethechildrenofKasyapa(i.e.Pragpati)andKadr
seeMahbhrataI,1074seqq.
205:10'TheMantras beginning from "Be soft, O earth" (Stra 7) down to
theauspicioushymns(Stra13).'Nryana.
205:11ItfollowsfromStra12thattheyaretoturnheretheirfacestothe
east.
205:12TheymutteronePdaofthatverse,whichisintheGyatrmetre,
turnedtowardseachofthethreedirections.
KANDIK4.
1 1. On the eighth days of the four dark fortnights of (the two seasons
of)winterandSisiratheAshtaks(arecelebrated).
p.206
22.Oronone(ofthesedays).
3.Thedaybefore,heshouldoffertotheFathers(i.e.Manes)
4.Boiledrice,boiledricewithsesamumseeds,ricemilk
5.OrcakesmadeoffourSarvas(ofgroundgrain)
6. Sacrificing with the eight (verses), 'May the lower (Fathers) and the
higher arise' (Rigveda X, 15, 1 seqq.), or with as many (verses) as he
likes.
7 7.ThenonthenextdaytheAshtaks(arecelebrated)withananimal
(sacrifice)andwithamessofcookedfood.
8.Hemayalsogivegrasstoanox,
9.Orhemayburndownbrushwoodwithfire
10.With(thewords),'ThisismyAshtak.'
11.ButheshouldnotomitcelebratingtheAshtak.
12.This(Ashtak)somestatetobesacredtotheVisvedevs,some to
Agni,sometotheSun,sometoPragpati,somestatethattheNightis
its deity, some that the Nakshatras are, some that the Seasons are,
somethattheFathersare,somethatcattleis.
1313.Havingkilledtheanimalaccordingtothe
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p.207
ritualoftheanimalsacrifice,omittingthesprinkling(withwater)andthe
touching of the animal with a fresh branch, he should draw out the
omentum and sacrifice it with (the verse), 'Carry the omentum,
Gtavedas, to the Fathers, where thou knowest them resting afar. May
streamsoffatflowtothemmayallthesewishesbefulfilled.Svh!'
14 14. Then (follow oblations) of the Avadna portions and the cooked
food,twowith(thetwoverses),'Agni,leadusonagoodpathtowealth'
(Rigveda I, 189, 1 seq.), (and other oblations with the texts), 'May
summer, winter, the seasons be happy to us, happy the rainy season,
safetoustheautumn.Theyearbeourlordwhogivesbreathtousmay
daysandnightsproducelonglife.Svh!
'Peaceful be the earth, happy the air, may the goddess Heaven give us
safety. Happy be the quarters (of the horizon), the intermediate
quarters, the upper quarters may the waters, the lightnings protect us
fromallsides.Svh!
'May the waters, the rays carry our prayers (to the gods) may the
creator, may the ocean turn away evil may the past and the future,
(may)allbesafetome.ProtectedbyBrahmanmayIpourforthsongs.
Svh!
'MayallthedityasandthedivineVasus,theRudras,theprotectors,the
Maruts sit down (here). May Pragpati, the abounding one, the highest
ruler,bestowvigour,offspring,immortalityonme.Svh!
'Pragpati,nootheronethanThou(RigvedaX,121,10).'
p.208
15.Theeighth(oblation)isthatto(Agni)Svishtakrit.
1616.HeshouldgivetotheBrhmanastoeat:thishasbeensaid.
Footnotes
205:14,1.Comp.SkhyanaGrihyaIII,12seqq.Thefour p.206 months
ofHemantaandSisiraareMrgasrsha,Pausha,Mgha,andPhlguna.
206:2ThestatementofthePrayogaratnathatincasethesacrificershould
celebrate only one Ashtak festival, the Ashtak of the Mgha month is
to be selected, well agrees with the designation of this Ashtak as 'the
one Ashtak' (ekshtak) see Weber, Naxatra II, 341 seq. Indische
Studien,XV,145.
206:7 7 seqq. Comp. the nearly identical passage in SkhyanaGrihya
III, 14, 3 seqq. and the note there. svalyana evidently gives these
rulesnotasregardingonespecialAshtakbutallofthem.
206:13Comp.above,I,11,1.2.10.AstotheMantra,comp.Skhyana
III,13,3.
207:14 I read, as Prof. Stenzler and the Petersburg Dictionary do, svr
ksharni.Comp.PraskaraIII,3,6.
208:16Seeabove,chap.3,13.
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KANDIK5.
1.OnthefollowingdaytheAnvashtakya(i.e.theceremonyfollowingthe
Ashtak,isperformed).
2 2.Having prepared (a portion) of that same meat, having established
thefireonasurfaceinclinedtowardsthesouth,havingfenceditin,and
made a door on the north side of the enclosure, having strewn round
(the fire) three times sacrificial grass with its roots, without tossing it,
turningtheleftsidetowardsthefire,heshouldputdownthethingstobe
offered,boiledrice,boiledricewithsesamumseeds,ricemilk,mealpap
withcurds,andmealpapwithhoney.
3 3. (The ceremony should be performed) according to the ritual of the
Pindapitriyaga.
4 4. Having sacrificed (of those sorts of food) with the exception of the
mealpap with honey, let him give (lumps of those substances) to the
Fathers.
5.Andto(their)wives,withtheadditionofrumandthescumofboiled
rice.
6.Some(placethelumpstobeoffered)intopits,intotwoorintosix:
p.209
7. In those situated to the east he should give (the offerings) to the

Fathers.
8.Inthosetothewest,tothewives.
9 9.TherebytheceremonycelebratedintherainyseasonontheMgha
day,inthedarkfortnightafterthefullmoonofPraushthapada(hasbeen
declared).
10 10. And thus he should offer (a celebration like the Anvashtakya) to
theFatherseverymonth,observingunevennumbers(i.e.selectingaday
withanunevennumber,invitinganunevennumberofBrhmanas,&c.).
11.Heshouldgivefoodatleasttonine(Brhmanas),
12.Ortoanunevennumber
1313.Toanevennumberonauspiciousoccasionsorontheperformance
ofmeritoriousdeeds(suchastheconsecrationofponds,&c.)
14.Toanunevennumberonother(occasions).
15 15. The rite is performed from left to right. Barley is to be used
insteadofsesamum.
Footnotes
208:25,2.ThemeatisthatoftheanimalkilledontheAshtakdaysee
chap.4,53.
208:3ThisritualisgivenintheSrautastraII,6seq.
208:4Hesacrificesthe two oblations prescribed in the Srautastra II, 6,
12,toSomapitrimatandtoAgnikavyavhana.
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209:9Comp.thenoteonSkhyanaGrihyaIII,13,1.
209:10Comp.SkhyanaGrihyaIV,1,1.
209:13SkhyanaGrihyaIV,4,4.
209:15SkhyanaGrihyaIV,4,6.9.
KANDIK6.
1 1.Whengoingtomountachariotheshouldtouchthewheelswithhis
two hands separately with (the words), 'I touch thy two forefeet. Thy
twowheelsaretheBrihatandtheRathantara(Smans).'
p.210
22.'ThyaxleistheVmadevya'with(thesewordshetouches)thetwo
(naves)inwhichtheaxlerests.
3. He should mount (the chariot) with the right foot first, with (the
words), 'With Vyu's strength I mount thee, with Indra's power and
sovereignty.'
4.Heshouldtouchthereins,orifthehorseshavenoreins,(heshould
touch) the horses with a staff, with (the words), 'With Brahman's
splendourIseizeyou.WithtruthIseizeyou.'
5.When(thehorses)putthemselvesinmotion,heshouldmurmur,'Go
forward to thousandfold successful vigour, divine chariot, carry us
forward!'(andtheverse),'Free,strongbethylimbs!'(RigvedaVI,47,
26.)
66.Withthis(verseheshouldtouchalso)otherarticlesofwood.
7.'Maythetwooxenbestrong,theaxlefirm'(RigvedaIII,53,i7)with
(thisverse)heshouldtouch(each)partofthechariot(alludedtointhat
verse).
8. With (the verse), 'The earth, the good protectress, the unattained
heaven'(RigvedaX,63,10)(heshouldascend)aship.
9. With a new chariot he should drive round a widely known tree or
roundapoolthatdoesnotdryup,withhisrightsideturnedtowards it,
andthenshouldfetchbrancheswhichbearfruits,
p.211
10.Orsomethingelsethatbelongstothehousehold.
11.(Hethen)shoulddrive(inthatchariot)toanassembly.
12. Having murmured, while looking at the sun, (the verse), 'Make our
renownhighest'(RigvedaIV,31,15),heshoulddescend.
13. 'To the bull among my equals' (Rigveda X, 166, 1)(this verse he
shouldmurmur)whileapproaching(thatassembly?).
14.'MaywebecalledtodayIndra'sbestfriends'(RigvedaI,167,10)
whenthesunissetting.
15. 'Thus I address you, O daughters of heaven, while you arise' (Rig
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vedaIV,51,11)whendayappears.
Footnotes
209:1 6, 1. 'He should touch at the same time the right wheel with his
righthand,theleftwheelwithhislefthand.'Nryana.
210:2OntheVedicformofthechariotandofthewheels,comp.Zimmer,
AltindischesLeben,p.247.
210:6AccordingtoNryanathisStrawouldreferonlytoothervehicles
ofwood,whichheisdirectedtotouchwiththatRikwhengoingtomount
them.PerhapsthecommentatorisrightthewordingoftheRikiswellin
keepingwithhisexplanation.
KANDIK7.
1. Now the examination of the ground (where he intends to build a
house).
2.(Itmustbe)nonsalinoussoilofundisputedproperty,
3.Withherbsandtrees,
4.OnwhichmuchKusaandVranagrassgrows.
5. Plants with thorns and with milky juice he should dig out with their
rootsandremovethem
6. And in the same way the following (sorts of plants), viz. Apmrga,
potherbs,Tilvaka,Parivydha.
7.Aspotwherethewaters,flowingtogetherfromallsidestothecentre
ofit,flowroundtherestingplace,havingitontheirrightside,andthen
flowofftotheeastwithoutnoisethatpossessesallauspiciousqualities.
8.Wherethewatersflowoff,heshouldhavetheprovisionroombuilt.
p.212
9.Thusitbecomesrichinfood.
10. On a spot which is inclined towards the south, he should have the
assemblyroomconstructedthustherewillbenogamblinginit.
11.(Butotherssaythat)insuch(anassemblyroom)theyoungpeople
becomegamblers,quarrelsome,anddieearly.
12. Where the waters flow together from all directions, that assembly
room(situatedonsuchaspot)bringsluckandisfreefromgambling.
KANDIK8.
1.Nowheshouldexaminethegroundinthefollowingways.
2. He should dig a pit kneedeep and fill it again with the same earth
(whichhehastakenoutofit).
3.If(theearth)reachesout(ofthepit,thegroundis)excellentifitis
level, (it is) of middle quality if it does not fill (the pit, it is) to be
rejected.
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4.Aftersunsetheshouldfill(thepit)withwaterandleaveitsothrough
thenight.
5.If(inthemorning)thereiswaterinit,(thegroundis)excellentifitis
moist,(itis)ofmiddlequalityifitisdry,(itis)toberejected.
6.White(ground),ofsweettaste,withsandonthesurface,(shouldbe
elected)byaBrhmana.
7.Red(ground)foraKshatriya.
8.Yellow(ground)foraVaisya.
9.Heshoulddrawathousandfurrowsonitandshouldhaveitmeasured
offasquadrangular,withequalsidestoeach(ofthefour)directions
10.Orasanoblongquadrangle.
p.213
11 11.With a Sam branch or an Udumbara branch he sprinkles it (with

water),going thrice round it, so that his right side is turned towards it,
recitingtheSanttyahymn.
12. And (so he does again three times) pouring out water without
interruption, with the three verses, 'O waters, ye are wholesome' (Rig
vedaX,9,1seqq.).
13 13.In the interstices between the bamboo staffs he should have the
(single)roomsconstructed.
14. Into the pits in which the posts are to stand, he should have an
Avak, i.e. (the waterplant called) Spla put down then fire will not
befallhim:thusitisunderstood(intheSruti).
15 15.Havingput(thatplant)intothepitinwhichthemiddlepostisto
stand,heshouldspread(onit)eastwardpointedandnorthwardpointed
Kusagrassandshouldsprinkle(onthatgrass)waterintowhichriceand
barley have been thrown, with (the words), 'To the steady one, the
earthdemon,svh!'
16 16. He then should, when (the middlepost) is being erected, recite
over it (the two verses), 'Stand here, fixed in the ground, prosperous,
longlasting(?),
p.214
standingamidprosperity.Maythemalevolentonesnotattainthee!
'To thee (may) the young child (come), to thee the calf . . . to thee
(may)thecupofParisrut(come)(tothee)maytheycomewithpotsof
curds.'
Footnotes
213:118,11.Thehymnofwhichallverses(exceptafew)commencewith,
andfrequentlycontain,thewordsam(RigvedaVII,35).
213:13 The bamboo staffs (vamsa) rest on the chief posts (sthn) see
chap.9,1.2.
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213:15Comp.chap.1,4.
213:16
Comp. SkhyanaGrihya III, 3, 1 and the note there. How
stmirvatm should be corrected and translated is quite uncertain.

Instead of poshasva Prof. Stenzler proposes to read poshasya, as
Skhyana has I have adopted this correction.In the second verse
gyatmsaha seems to be corrupt comp. my note on Skhyana III,
2, 9. Instead of parisritah we should read, as Skhyana, Praskara,
andtheAtharvaveda(III,12,7)have,parisrutah.
KANDIK9.
1.(Over)thebamboostaff,whenitisputon(themiddlepost,herecites
thehemistich),
2. 'Rightly ascend the post, O staff, bestowing on us long life
henceforward.'
3. On four stones, on which Drv grass has been spread, he should
establishthewaterbarrelwith(thewords),'Ariseontheearth'
4 4. Or with (the verse), 'The Aragara sounds, three times bound with
thestrap.Itpraisesthewelfaremayitdriveawayill.'
5. He then should pour water into it with (the verse), 'Hither may king
Varuna come with the plentiful (waters) at this place may he stay
contented bringing welfare, dropping ghee may they lie down together
withMitra.'
66.Hethen'appeases'it(inthefollowingway).
77.Heputsgoldintowaterintowhichriceandbarleyhavebeenthrown,
and(withthatwater)hesprinklesitthreetimes,goingrounditwithhis
rightsideturnedtowardsit,withtheSanttyahymn.
88.And(sohedoesagainthreetimes)pouringout
p.215
water without interruption, with the three verses, 'O waters, ye are
wholesome'(RigvedaX,9,Iseqq.).
9 9.Inthemiddleofthehouseheshouldcookamessoffood,sacrifice
(therefrom)withthefourverses,'Vstoshpati,acceptus'(RigvedaVII,
54, 1 seqq.), verse by verse, should prepare food, should give to the
Brhmanastoeat,andshouldcausethemtosay,'Luckyisthe ground!
Luckyistheground!'
Footnotes
214:49,4.ThemeaningofAragaraisunknowntomeitseemstobea
musicalinstrument.Comp.AtharvavedaXX,135,13.
214:6Thegroundonwhichthehouseistobebuilt.
214:7OntheSanttyahymn,seeabove,chap.8,Ir.
214:8ThisStraisidenticalwithchap.8,12.
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KANDIK10.
11.Ithasbeendeclaredhowheshouldenterthehouse(whenreturning
fromajourney).
2.Thehouse,whenheentersit,shouldbeprovidedwithseedcorn.
3 3. He should have his field ploughed under the Nakshatras Uttarh
Proshthapads,(Uttarh)Phlgunyas,orRohin.
4.Inorderthatthewindmayblowtohimfromthefield,heshouldoffer
oblationswiththehymn,'Throughthelordofthefield'(RigvedaIV,57),
versebyverse,orheshouldmurmur(thathymn).
55.Heshouldspeakoverthecowswhentheygoaway,thetwoverses,
'Mayrefreshingwindblowoverthecows'(RigvedaX,169,Iseq.).
66.Whentheycomeback,(heshouldrecitethefollowingverses,)
'Maytheywhoseudderwithitsfourholesisfull
p.216
of honey and ghee, be milkgivers to us (may they be) many in our

stable,richinghee.
'Come hither to me, giving refreshment, bringing vigour and strength.
Giving inexhaustible milk, rest in my stable that I may become the
highestone'
And, 'They who have raised their body up to the gods'the rest of the
hymn(RigvedaX,169,3.4).
7 7. Some recite (instead of the texts stated in Stra 6) the gvya
hymn.
8 8. He should approach their herds, if the cows do not belong to his
Guru, with (the words), 'Prospering are ye excellent are ye, beautiful,
dear.MayIbecomedeartoyou.Mayyouseeblissinme.'
EndoftheSecondAdhyya.
Footnotes
215:110,1. See Srautastra II, 5, 17 seqq. It is there expressly stated
thattheserulesreferalsotoanAnhitgni.
215:3SkhyanaIV,13,1.
215:5SkhyanaGrihyaIII,9.
215:6 Skhyana, loc. cit.Should the reading upa maitu be corrected
intoupamaita?
216:7Thehymncommencinggvoagman(hithercamethecows)isRig
vedaVI,28.
216:8Perhapsthe last words (which are repeated twice in order to mark
the end of the Adhyya) should be written sam mayi gndhvam, 'live
withmeinharmonytogether.'
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p.217
ADHYYAIII,KANDIK1.
1.Now(follow)thefivesacrifices:
2. The sacrifice to the Gods, the sacrifice to the Beings, the sacrificeto
theFathers,thesacrificetoBrahman,thesacrificetomen.
3. Here now, if he makes oblations over the (sacred) fire, this is the
sacrificetotheGods.
IfhemakesBaliofferings,thisisthesacrificetotheBeings.
If he gives (Pinda offerings) to the Fathers, this is the sacrifice to the
Fathers.
Ifhestudies(Vedic)texts,thisisthesacrificetoBrahman.
Ifhegivestomen,thisisthesacrificetomen.
4.These(fivekindsof)sacrificesheshouldperformeveryday.
KANDIK2.
11.Nowtheruleshowoneshouldrecite(theVedictexts)forone'sself.
2. He should go out of the village to the east or to the north, bathe in
water,sipwateronacleanspot,cladwiththesacrificialcordheshould
spreadout,hisgarmentbeingnotwet,agreatquantityofDarbhagrass,
the tufts of which are directed towards the east, and should sit down
thereonwithhisfaceturnedtotheeast,makinga lap, putting together
hishandsinwhichheholdspurifiers(i.e.Kusablades),sothattheright
handliesuppermost.
p.218
It is understood (in the Sruti), 'This is what Darbha grass is: it is the
essenceofwatersandherbs.HethusmakestheBrahmanprovidedwith
essence.'
Looking at the point where heaven and earth touch each other, or
shutting his eyes, or in whatever way he may deem himself apt (for
reciting the Veda), thus adapting himself he should recite (the sacred
texts)forhimself.
3.TheVyhritisprecededby(thesyllable)Om(arepronouncedfirst).
4.He(then)repeatstheSvitr(RigVedaIII,62,10),(firstly)Pdaby
Pda,(then)hemistichbyhemistich,thirdlythewhole.
Footnotes
217:11,1seqq.Comp.SatapathaBrhmanaXI,5,6,1seqq.
KANDIK3.
11.Hethenshouldreciteforhimself(thefollowingtexts,viz.)theRikas,
the Yagus, the Smans, the Atharvan and Agiras hymns, the
Brhmanas,theKalpa(Stras),theGths,the(textsinhonourofkings
andheroes,called)Nrsamss,theItihsasandPurnas.
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2. In that he recites the Rikas, he thereby satiates the gods with

oblationsofmilkinthat(herecites)theYagus,withoblationsofghee
the Smans, with oblations of honeythe Atharvan and Agiras hymns,
with oblations of Somathe Brhmanas, Kalpas, Gths, Nrsamss,
ItihsasandPurnas,withoblationsofambrosia.
p.219
3.InthatherecitestheRikas,riversofmilkflow,asafuneraloblation,
to his Fathers. In that (he recites) the Yagus, rivers of gheethe
Smans, rivers of honeythe Atharvan and Agiras hymns, rivers of
Somathe Brhmanas, Kalpas, Gths, Nrsamss, Itihsas and
Purnas,riversofambrosia.
4. After he has recited (those texts) as far as he thinks fit, he should
finishwiththefollowing(verse),
'Adoration to Brahman! Adoration be to Agni! Adoration to the Earth!
AdorationtotheHerbs!AdorationtotheVoice!AdorationtotheLordof
theVoice!AdorationIbringtogreatVishnu!'
Footnotes
218:13,1.On this and the following paragraphs comp. chiefly Satapatha
BrhmanaXI,5,6.Otherenumerations,containedintheVedaitself,of
thetextsthatwereconsideredasformingtheVedaorasattachedtothe
body of the Veda, are found in the Satapatha Brhmana XIV, 5, 4, 10
(Sacred Books, XV, 111), and in the Khndogya Upanishad VII, 1
(SacredBooks,I,109)
KANDIK4.
1 1. He satiates the deities: 'Pragpati, Brahman, the Vedas, the gods,
theRishis,allmetres,thewordOm,thewordVashat,theVyhritis,the
Svitr, the sacrifices, Heaven and Earth, the air, days and nights, the
numbers,theSiddhas,theoceans,therivers,themountains,thefields,
herbs, trees, Gandharvas and Apsaras, the snakes, the birds,thecows,
theSdhyas,theVipras,theYakshas,theRakshas,thebeingsthathave
these(Rakshas,&c.)attheirend.'
22.ThentheRishis:'The(Rishis)ofthehundred(Rikas),the(Rishis)of
themiddle(Mandalas),Gritsamada,
p.220
[paragraph continues] Visvmitra, Vmadeva, Atri, Bharadvga,

Vasishtha,thePragthas,thePavamnahymns,the(Rishis)oftheshort
hymns,andofthelonghymns.'
3.(Then)withthesacrificialcordsuspendedovertherightshoulder:
4 4.'Sumantu,Gaimini,Vaisampyana,Paila,theStras,theBhshyas,
the Bhrata, the Mahbhrata, the teachers of law, Gnanti, Bhavi,
Grgya, Gautama, Skalya, Bbhravya, Mndavya, Mndkeya, Grg
Vkaknav, Vadav Prtthey, Sulabh Maitrey, Kahola Kaushtaka,
Mahkaushtaka, Paigya, Mahpaigya, Suyaga Skhyana, Aitareya,
Mahaitareya, the Skala (text), the Bshkala (text), Sugtavaktra,
Audavhi, Mahaudavhi, Saugmi, Saunaka, svalyanaand
whatsoeverotherteachersthereare,maytheyallsatiatethemselves.'
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5 5.AfterhehassatiatedtheFathersmanbyman,andhasreturnedto
hishouse,whathegives(then),thatisthesacrificialfee.
6 6. And it is also understood (in the Sruti), 'May he be standing,
walking,sitting,orlying,(thetextsbelongingto)whatsoeversacrificehe
repeats,thatsacrificeindeedhehasoffered.'
7.Itisunderstood(intheSruti),'Regardingthis(Svdhyya)there are
twocasesinwhichthestudy(ofthesacredtexts)isforbidden:whenhe
isimpurehimself,andwhentheplaceis.'
Footnotes
219:1 4, 1. Comp. SkhyanaGrihya IV, 9. Nryana: 'Having finished
(theSvdhyya)hesatiateswithwateroblationsthesedeities.'
Pragpati and the following words stand in the nominative the verb to
be supplied is tripyatu (tripyantu), 'may he (they) satiate himself
(themselves).'
219:2SkhyanaGrihyaIV,10.Skhyanahaspvamnh,the(Rishis)
of the Pavamna hymns,' but pragthh as svalyana has, and not as

weshouldexpect,prgthh.
220:4ThenamesfromKaholaKaushtakidowntosvalyanastandinthe
accusativetarpaymi,'IsatiateN.N.'istobesupplied.
220:5
Nryana: 'He satiates his father, grandfather, and great
grandfather, and goes to his house. What he then gives, for instance,
food offered to guests, or given as alms (to religious beggars), is
consideredasthesacrificialfeefortheBrahmayaga.'
220:6Comp.SatapathaBrhmanaXI,5,7,3.4.
p.221
KANDIK5.
1. Now (follows) the Adhyyopkarana (i.e. the ceremony by which the
annualcourseofstudyisopened)
2 23. When the herbs appear, (when the moon stands in conjunction)
withSravana,intheSrvanamonth,
3.Oronthefifth(Tithiofthatmonth),under(theNakshatra)Hasta.
4 4. Having sacrificed the two gya portions, he should offer gya
oblations(tothefollowingdeities,viz.)Svitr,Brahman,Belief,Insight,
Wisdom,Memory,Sadasaspati,Anumati,themetres,andtheRishis.
5.Hethensacrificesgrainswithcurds(withthefollowingtexts):
6.'IpraiseAgnithePurohita'thisoneverse(RigVedaI,1,1),
7 7.'TheKushumbhaka(mungoose?)hassaidit''Ifthoucriest,Obird,
announcelucktousSungbyGamadagni''Inthyabodethewholeworld
rests'
p.222
[paragraphcontinues]'Cometooursacrifice,Oyouthatareworthyof
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sacrifice,withcare''Whosoever,beheours,behealien''Lookon,look
about''Come here, Agni, the Maruts' friend''The oblation, O king,
cookedforthee'eachtimetwoverses
8.'Unitedisyourwill'(RigvedaX,191,4)thisoneverse
99.'Thatblessingandblisswechoose'thisoneverse.
10 10. When he intends to study (the Veda together with pupils), he
should,while the pupils take hold of him, sacrifice to those deities, and
sacrificeto(Agni)Svishtakrit,andpartakeofthegrainswithcurdsthen
(follows)the'cleaning.'
11 11.Sitting down to the west of the fire on Darbha grass, the tufts of
whicharedirectedtowardstheeast,heshouldputDarbhabladesintoa
waterpot,andmakingaBrahmgali(i.e.joininghishandsasasignof
venerationfortheBrahman),heshouldmurmur(thefollowingtexts):
12. The Vyhritis preceded by (the syllable) Om (stand first) (these)
and the Svitr he should repeat three times and then recite the
beginningoftheVeda.
p.223
13.InthesamewayattheUtsarga(i.e.attheceremonyperformedat
theendofthetermofVedicstudy).
14.Heshouldstudysixmonths.
15 15.OnewhohasperformedtheSamvartana(shouldliveduringthat
time)accordingtotheregulationsforBrahmakrins.
1616.Theothersaccordingtotherules.
1717.Somesaythatheshouldhaveintercoursewithhiswife.
18.That(isapractice)sacredtoPragpati.
19. This (Upkarana) they call vrshika (i.e. belonging to the rainy
season).
20
20.
On the middle Ashtak they offer food to those deities, and
descendintowater.
21.Theysatiatethosesamedeities(withwateroblations),
22.(Andbesides)thekryas,theRishis,andtheFathers.
2323.ThisistheUtsargana.
Footnotes
221:235,2,3.PerhapsthedivisionoftheseStrasshouldbealtered,so
thatsrvanasyawouldbelongtoStra2.Inthiscaseweshouldhaveto
translate, '2. When the herbs appear, (on a day on which the moon
stands in conjunction) with Sravana. 3. Or on the fifth (Tithi) of the
Srvana month, under (the Nakshatra) Hasta.' Comp. srvanasya
pakamm, Par. II, 10, 2. If we count the month beginning with the
brightfortnight,andassumethatthefullmoondayofSrvanafalls,as
thenameofthemonthimplies,onSravana,thefifthTithiofthatmonth
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will fall indeed on Hasta. Comp. on the dates of the Upkarana, Prof.
Weber's remarks, Die vedischen Nachrichten von den Naxatra II, 322,
and on the special symbolical signification of the Nakshatra Sravana in
thisconnection,mynoteonSkhyanaIV,5,2.
221:4Onthetwogyaportions,comp.above,I,3,510,13seqq.
221:7Comp.SkhyanaIV,5,8.Theverseswithwhichtheoblationsare
performed,arethefirstandlastversesofeachMandala.
222:9ThisisthelastverseoftheRikSamhitintheBshkalaSkh.See
mynoteonSkhyanaIV,5,9.
222:10Theexpression,'Thosedeities'would,accordingtoNryana,refer
notonlytothedeitiesstatedinStra4,butalsotothedeitiesofthefirst
and last verses of the Mandalas (Stras 6 seqq.). On the grains with
curds,comp.Stra5.Thetechnicalsenseofthe'cleaning'isexplainedin
the Srautastra I, 8, 2 comp. Hillebrandt, Das altindische Neu and
Vollmondsopfer, p. 130, note 1. The sacrificer covers his joined hands
with the Kusa grass spread out round the fire, and has water sprinkled
onthem.
222:11Onthetermbrahmgali,comp.ManuII,71.
223:15
On the Samvartana, see below, chap. 8 seq. The restrictions
referredtoconsistintheinterdictionofeatinghoneyandmeat,ofhaving
sexual intercourse, of sleeping in a bedstead and in the daytime, &c.
Nryana.
223:16I.e.theBrahmakrins.
223:17I.e.onewhohasperformedtheSamvartana.
223:20 After the six months (Stra 14) have elapsed, on the Ashtak of
Mgha.
223:23OrUtsarga,seeStra13.
KANDIK6.
11.InsteadoftheKmyaceremonies(i.e.theceremonies,prescribedin
theSrautastra,bywhich
p.224
special wishes are attained, oblations of) boiled (rice) grains, for the
attainmentofthosewishes,(shouldbemadebytheGrihyasacrificer).
2.Heattains(thereby)thosesamewishes.
3.Forapersonthatissick,orsuffering,oraffectedwithconsumption,a
messofboiled(rice)grainsinsixoblations(shouldheoffered)
4. With this (hymn), 'I loosen thee by sacrificial food, that thou mayst
live'(RigvedaX,161).
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5.Ifhehasseenabaddream,heshouldworshipthesunwiththe two
verses, 'Today, god Savitri' (Rigveda V, 82, 4, 5), and with the five
verses,'Whatbaddreamsthereareamongthecows'(RigvedaVIII,47,
14seqq.),
6.Orwith(theverse),'Whosoever,Oking,beitacompanionorafriend'
(RigvedaII,28,10).
7.Whenhehassneezed,yawned,seenadisagreeablesight,smeltabad
smell,whenhiseyepalpitates,andwhenhehearsnoisesinhisears,he
should murmur, 'Welleyed may I become with my eyes, wellvigoured
with my face, wellhearing with my ears. May will and insight dwell in
me!'
8 8.If he has gone to a wife to whom he ought not to go, or if he has
performed a sacrifice for a person for whom he ought not to do so, or
has eaten forbidden food, or accepted what he ought not to accept, or
pushedagainstapiledup(firealtar)or
p.225
againstasacrificialpost,heshouldsacrificetwogyaoblationswith(the
verses),
'Maymyfacultiesreturnintome,maylifereturn,mayprosperityreturn
may my goods return to me may the divine power return into me.
Svh!
'Thesefiresthatarestationedonthe(altarscalled)Dhishnys,maythey
behereingoodorder,eachonitsrightplace.(Agni)Vaisvnara,grown
strong, the standard of immortality, may he govern my mind in my
heart.Svh!'
9.Or(hemaysacrifice)twopiecesofwood,
10.Ormurmur(thesametwoverseswithoutanyoblation).
Footnotes
223:1
6, 1. Nryana divides this Stra into two: 1. atha kmynm
sthnekmyh2.karavah.
224:8
Nryana is evidently wrong in explaining kaityam ypa ka by
agnikayanastham ypam (which is not, as Prof. Stenzler takes it, der

Opferpfahl auf einem Bestattungsplatze). Comp. Gobhila III, 3, 34
GrihyasamgrahaparisishtaII,4.
I have translated the second verse in Stra 8, as if the text had
kalpantm. The MSS. give kalpatm. Atharvaveda VII, 67 has
kalpayantm.
KANDIK7.
1.Ifthesunsetswhileheissleepingwithoutbeingsick,heshouldspend
the rest of the night keeping silence, without sitting down, and should
worshipthesun(whenitrises)withthefive(verses),'Thelight,Osun,
bywhichthoudestroyestdarkness'(RigvedaX,37,4seq.).
2 2. If (the sun) rises (while he is sleeping without being sick), being
fatiguedwithouthavingdoneanywork,orhavingdoneworkthatisnot
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becoming, he should keep silence, &c., as before, and perform his

worship (to the sun) with the following four (verses, Rigveda X, 37, 9
seq.).
3 3.Invested with the sacrificial cord, constantly fulfilling the prescribed
dutiesregardingtheuseof
p.226
water, he should perform the Sandhy (or twilight devotion), observing

silence.
4. In the evening he should, turning his face to the northwest, to the
region between the chief (west) point and the intermediate (north
western) point (of the horizon), murmur the Svitr, (beginning) when
thesunishalfset,untilthestarsappear.
5.Inthesamewayinthemorning
6.Standing,withhisfaceturnedtotheeast,untilthedisk(ofthesun)
appears.
7.Ifadovefliesagainsthishouseortowardsit,heshouldsacrificewith
(the hymn), 'O gods, the dove' (Rigveda X, 165), verse by verse, or
shouldmurmur(thathymn).
8. 'We have thee, O Lord of the path' (Rigveda VI, 53)if he is going
outfordoingsomebusiness.
99.'Bringustogether,Pshan,withaknowingone'(RigVedaVI,54)if
hewishestofindsomethinglost,orifhehasstrayed.
10.'Journeyovertheways,Pshan'(RigvedaI,42)ifheisgoingout
onalongordangerousway.
Footnotes
225:2
7, 2. Perhaps we should correct the text, akarmasrntam
anabhirpenakarmanvvgyataiti,&c.
225:3
3 seq. See SkhyanaGrihya II, 9. There the same word
anvashtamadesaoccurs.
226:9Mlhamay eithermean,'havinglosthisway,'or 'bewilderedinhis
mind.'Nryanaprefersthelatterexplanation('praghnah').
KANDIK8.
1. Now when returning (home from his teacher) he should get the
followingthings,viz.ajewel(tobetiedroundtheneck),twoearrings,a
pairofgarments,aparasol,apairofshoes,astaff,awreath,(pounded
seed of the Karaga fruit) for rubbing with, ointment, eye salve, a
turban(allthat)forhimselfandfortheteacher.
p.227
2.Ifhecannotgetitforboth,onlyfortheteacher.
3.Hethenshouldgetapieceofwoodofatreewhichissacrificiallypure,
inanortheasterndirection
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4. Sappy (wood) if he wishes for the enjoyment of food, or for

prosperity,orforsplendourdry(wood),ifforholylustre,
5. (Wood) which is both (sappy and dry, in its different parts), if (he
wishes)forboth.
6 6.Havingputthepieceofwoodonhigh,andhavinggivenacowand
foodtotheBrhmanas,heshouldperformtheceremonyofshavingthe
beard.
77.Heshouldalterthetextssothattheyrefertohimself.
88.WithEkakltaka(heshouldperformtherubbing).
9. Having washed himself with lukewarm water, and having put on two
(new) garments which have not yet been washed, with (the verse),
'Garmentswithfatsplendouryouputon,(MitraandVaruna)'(Rigveda
I,152,1)heshouldanointhiseyeswith(thewords),'Thesharpnessof
thestoneartthouprotectmyeye.'
10.With(thewords),'Thesharpnessofthestone
p.228
artthouprotectmyear'heshouldtieonthetwoearrings.
11.Afterhavingsalvedhistwohandswithointment,aBrhmanashould
salvehisheadfirst,
12.ARganyahistwoarms,
13.AVaisyathebelly,
14.Awomanhersecretparts,
15.Personswhogaintheirlivelihoodbyrunning,theirthighs.
16. With (the formula), 'Free from pain art thou, free from pain may I
become'heshouldputonthewreath.
17.Not(suchawreath)whichiscalledml.
18.Iftheycallitml,heshouldcausethemtocallitsrag.
19.With(theformula),'Thestandingplacesofthegodsareyouprotect
mefromallsides'hestepsintotheshoes,andwith(theformula),'The
heaven'scoveringartthou'hetakestheparasol.
20. With (the formula), 'Reed thou art from the tree thou descendest
protectmefromallsides'(hetakes)astaffofreed.
21 21. Having with the hymn 'Giving life' tied the jewel to his neck and
arranged the turban (on his head), he should standing put the piece of
wood(onthefire).
Footnotes
227:6
8, 6. 'On high' means 'not on the ground' (Nryana). On the
gaudnikamkarma(theshavingofthebeard),comp.above,AdhyyaI,
Kandik 18. The word 'ceremony' would mean here, according to
Nryana,thatheshouldperformtheritealone,withoutobservingsuch
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prescriptionsasstatedabove,I,18,7.
227:7Thus,instead of 'Herb! protect him!' (I, 17, 8) he is to say, 'Herb!
protectme!'andsoon.
227:8Ekakltakais,accordingtoNryanaandthePrayogaratna,theseed
ofsuchaKaragafruit(PongamiaGlabra,Vent.)whichcontainsonlyone
grainofseed.Suchgrainsarepoundedbeforeherubshimselftherewith.
228:21
On the hymn beginning with the words 'Giving life,' see Prof.
Stenzler'snote on this Stra. Its first verse is identical with Vgasaneyi

SamhitXXXIV,50(comp.alsoSkhyanaGrihyaIII,1,7),andsoare
most of its verses found in that Samhit or in the Atharvaveda the
wholeofitoccursamongtheRigvedaKhilas(vol.vi,p.25,212).
p.229
KANDIK9.
11.(Hesays),'Memoryandreproachandknowledge,faith,andwisdom
as the fifth, what is sacrificed, and what is given, and what is studied,
andwhatisdone,truth,learning,vow
'ThevowwhichbelongstoAgnitogetherwithIndra,withPragpati,with
theRishis,withtheroyalonesamongtheRishis,withtheFathers, with
theroyalonesamongtheFathers,withthehumanbeings,withtheroyal
ones among the human beings, with shine, overshine, aftershine,
countershine, with gods and men, with Gandharvas and Apsaras, with
wildanimalsanddomesticanimals,thevow,belongingtomyownself,
dwelling in my own self, that is my universal vow. Hereby, O Agni, I
becomeaddictedtotheuniversalvow.Svh!'
22.With(thehymn),'Mine,Agni,bevigour'(RigvedaX,128,1),verse
byverse,heshouldputpiecesofwood(onthefire).
3 3. He should pass that night at a place where they will do honour to
him.
p.230
4 4. When, after having finished his (task of) learning, he has offered
somethingtotheteacher,orhasreceivedhispermission,heshouldtake
abath(whichsignifiestheendofhisstudentship).
5.He(i.e.theSntaka)hastokeepthefollowingobservances:
6. He shall not bathe in the nighttime he shall not bathe naked he
shall not lie down naked he shall not look at a naked woman, except
duringsexualintercourseheshallnotrunduringrainheshallnotclimb
up a tree he shall not descend into a well he shall not swim with his
arms across a river he shall not expose himself to danger. 'A great
beingindeedisaSntaka'thusitisunderstood(intheSruti).
Footnotes
229:19,1.'"Mymemoryandmynonmemory,thatismydoublevow"in
this way the twelve (parts of which the first section of the Mantra
consists)shouldberecited.'Nryana.Ithinkthecommentatoriswrong
here,andthatsectionshouldratherberecitedasitisgiven in the text
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withoutanyalterationitformsaregularSloka.AgnehinsteadofAgneis
aconjectureofProf.Stenzler,whichIhaveadopted.
229:2
According to Nryana the hymn should be recited including the
Khila,sothattenpiecesofwoodareoffered.Nowthehymnconsistsof
nineversesthere can be, consequently, only one Khailika verse, which
is,Isuppose,thefirstverseoftheKhilaquotedabove,p.228.
229:3 By a Madhuparka (Nryana). Compare SkhyanaGrihya III, 1,
14.
230:4Nryana:Hemakesanoffertotheteacherinthewords,'Whatisit
thatIcandoforyou?'andwhattheteachertellshim,thathedoes.
KANDIK10.
1 1. If (a student) wishes to be dismissed (by his teacher), he should
pronouncebeforetheteacherhis(i.e.theteacher's?)name
22.(Andshouldsay),'Herewewilldwell,sir!'
p.231
3.Withaloudvoice(thewords)followingafterthename.
4.'Ofinhalationandexhalation'(thishesays)withalowvoice,
5.And(theverse),'Comehither,Indra,withthylovelysounding,fallow
coloured(horses)'(RigvedaIII,45,1).
6 6. The aged one then murmurs, 'To inhalation and exhalation I, the
wideextended one, resort with thee. To the god Savitri I give thee in
charge'andtheverse.
7.Whenhehasfinished(thatverse),andhasmuttered,'Om!Forwards!
Blessing!' and recited (over the student the hymn), 'The great bliss of
thethree'(RigvedaX,185)(heshoulddismisshim).
8. On one who has been thus dismissed, danger comes from no side
thusitisunderstood(intheSruti).
9. If he hears (on his way) disagreeable voices of birds, he should
murmur the two hymns, 'Shrieking, manifesting his being' (RigvedaII,
42,43),and(theverse),'Thedivinevoicehavethegodscreated'(Rig
vedaVIII,100,11).
10.'Praisetherenownedyouthwhositsonthewarchariot'(RigvedaII,
33,11)if(hehearsdisagreeablevoices)ofdeer.
11. From the direction, or from the (being) from which he expects
danger,towardsthatdirectionheshouldthrowafirebrand,burningon
bothsides,orhavingtwirledaboutachurningstickfromtherighttothe
left,with(thewords),'Safetybetome,Mitra
p.232
andVarunaencounterthefoesandburnthemupwithyourflame.May
theyfindnonewhoknowsthemandnosupportdividedbydiscordmay
theygotodeath'
12. He turns the churningstick downwards with (the verse), 'The
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combinedwealthofboth,heapedtogether'(RigvedaX,84,7).
Footnotes
230:110,1.Nryanarefersthisruletoastudentwhohasperformedthe
Samvartanaandwishestogoaway.ButacomparisonofSkhyana
Grihya II, 18 seems to make it probable that the ceremony described
herehasnothingtodowiththeSamvartana.
Itakethischapterratherforadescriptionofthewayinwhichastudent
has to take leave of his teacher when setting out on a journey. 'His
name'istheteacher'sname,accordingtoNryana.
230:2SkhyanaII,18,1.Skh.hasahamvatsymisvalyana,idam
vatsyrnah.Thecommentatorsaysthatinsteadofidamthesramaisto
be named which the student chooses to enter upon, for instance,
Devadatta,wewilldwellinthestateofahouseholder,sir!'
231:6
I have translated, as Prof. Stenzler has also done, according to
Skhyana's reading, prnpn . . . tvay. The 'aged one' is the

teacher,theversethatwhichisquotedinStra5.
KANDIK11.
11.Ifunknowndangerfromallsides(menaceshim),heshouldsacrifice
eightgyaoblationswith(theformulas),
'Prithiv (the earth) is covered she is covered by Agni. By her, the
covered one, the covering one, I ward off the danger of which I am in
fear.Svh!
'Antariksha(theair)iscovereditiscoveredbyVyu.Byit,thecovered,
thecovering,IwardoffthedangerofwhichIaminfear.Svh!
'Dyaus (the heaven) is covered she is covered by ditya (the sun). By
her,&c.
'The quarters (of the horizon) are covered they are covered by
Kandramas(themoon).Bythem,&c.
'ThewatersarecoveredtheyarecoveredbyVaruna.Bythem,&c.
'The creatures are covered they are covered by Prna (the breath). By
them,&c.
'TheVedasarecoveredtheyarecoveredbythemetres.Bythem,&c.
'AlliscovereditiscoveredbyBrahman.Byit,&c.Svh!'
p.233
211_2.Then,stationinghimselftowardsthenorth,east,hemurmursthe
Svastitreyaand,'Ofwhatweareinfear,Indra'(RigvedaVIII,61,13
seqq.),downtotheendofthehymn.
Footnotes
232:1 11, 1. 'Covered' is vrita 'I ward off' is the causative of the same
verb,vraye.
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233:11_2
The Svastitreya is the part of the hymn V, 51, which very
frequently contains the word svasti (vv. 1115). There is a Khila

appended to that hymn (Rigveda, vol. iii, p. 30), which, according to
Nryana,isalsotobemurmuredonthisoccasion.
KANDIK12.
1.Whenabattleisbeginning,(theroyalPurohita)shouldcausetheking
toputonhisarmour(inthefollowingway).
2 12_2.(ThePurohita)stationshimselftothewestof(theking's)chariot
with (the hymn?), 'I have brought thee hither be here' (Rigveda X,
173).
3. With (the verse), 'Like a thundercloudishis countenance'(Rigveda
VI,75,1),heshouldtenderthecoatofmailtohim.
4.Withthefollowing(verse)thebow.
5.Thefollowing(verse)heshouldcausehimtorepeat.
6.Heshouldmurmurhimselfthefourth.
7.Withthefifthheshouldtenderthequivertohim.
8.When(theking)starts,thesixth.
9.Theseventh(herecites)overthehorses.
10.Theeighthheshouldcause(theking)torepeatwhilelookingatthe
arrows
p.234
11. (The verse), 'Like a serpent it encircles the arm with its windings'
(RigvedaVI,75,14),whenhetiestohisarmtheleather(bywhichthe
armisprotectedagainstthebowstring).
1212.Hethenmountsupto(thekingonhischariot),whileheisdriving,
andcauseshimtorepeattheAbhvartahymn(RigvedaX,174)andthe
twoverses,'Hewho,MitraandVaruna'(RigvedaVIII,101,3seq.).
13
13.
He then should look at him with the Apratiratha, Ssa, and
Sauparnahymns.
1414.TheSauparnais(thehymn),'Maythestreamsofhoneyandghee
flowforwards.'
15.(Theking)shoulddrive(inhischariotsuccessively)toallquarters(of
thehorizon).
16. He should commence the battle in the line of battle invented by
dityaorbyUsanas.
17 1718.Heshouldtouchthedrumwiththethreeverses,'Fillearthand
heavenwiththyroar'(RigvedaVI,47,29seqq.).
18.With(theverse),'Shotofffalldown'(RigvedaVI,75,16),heshould
shootoffthearrows.
p.235
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19 19.'Wherethearrowsfly'(l.l.v.17)this(verse)heshouldmurmur
whiletheyarefighting.
20. Or he should teach (the king the texts mentioned). Or he should
teach(theking).
EndoftheThirdAdhyya.
Footnotes
233:12_2 12, 2. According to Nryana the Pratka here signifies not the
verse,butthewholehymn,thoughawholePdaisgiven(comp.Srauta
straI,1,17).
234:12
The Abhvarta hymn begins with the word abhvartena, and is
ascribedtoAbhvartagirasa.
234:13 The Apratiratha hymn is Rigveda X, 103 (ascribed to Apratiratha
Aindra) the Ssa, X, 152 (ascribed to Ssa Bhradvga). On the

Sauparna,seethenextStra.
234:14ThishymnisnotfoundinanyVedicSamhit,asfarsIknow,nor
does it occur in the Suparndhyya. I have followed Prof. Stenzler's

conjecturepradhryantuinsteadofpradhrayantu,whichisconfirmed
bySyana'snoteonAitareyaBrhmanaVI,25,7VIII,10,4(pp.365,
399ed.Aufrecht).
234:171817,18.AccordingtoNryanathesubjectistheking.
235:19HerethesubjectisthePurohita.
p.236
ADHYYAIV,KANDIK1.
1 1. If disease befalls one who has set up the (sacred Srauta) fires, he
should leave his home (and go away) to the eastern, or northern, or
northeasterndirection.
2.'Thesacredfiresarefondofthevillage'thusitissaid.
33.Longingforit,desirousofreturningtothevillagetheymightrestore
himtohealththusitisunderstood(intheSruti).
4 4. Being restored to health, he should offer a Soma sacrifice, or an
animalsacrifice,oranordinarysacrifice,andtakehisdwelling(again in
thevillage).
55.Orwithoutsuchasacrifice.
6.Ifhedies,oneshouldhaveapieceofgroundduguptothesoutheast
ortothesouthwest
7. At a place which is inclined towards the south or towards the south
east.
8.Accordingtosome(teachers),inclinedtowardssouthwest.
9. (The piece of ground dug up should be) of the length of a man with
upraisedarms,
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10.OfthebreadthofoneVyma(fathom),
p.237
11.OfthedepthofoneVitasti(span).
1212.Thecemeteryshouldbefreefromallsides.
13.Itshouldbefertileinherbs.
1414.Butplantswiththornsandwithmilkyjuice,&c.,asstatedabove.
15 15.Fromwhichthewatersflowofftoallsides:thisisacharacteristic
requiredforthecemetery(smasna)wherethebodyistobeburned.
1616.'Theycutoff(fromthedeadbody)thehair,thebeard,thehairsof
thebody,andthenails'thishasbeenstatedabove.
1717.(Theyshouldprovide)plentyofsacrificialgrassandofbutter.
1818.Theyherepourclarifiedbutterintocurds.
19.Thisisthe'sprinkledbutter'usedfortheFathers(i.e.Manes).
Footnotes
236:11,1.Comp.SrautastraVI,9,1.Thefuneralritesaccordingtothe
Grihyastras have been treated of by Prof. Max Mller, Zeitschrift der

DeutschenMorgenlndischenGesellschaft,vol.ix.
236:3
I.e. longing for the village. I here differ from Prof. Stenzler's
translation, 'Indem sie, um nach dem Dorfe zu kommen, ihm Gutes

wnschen.' Prof. Stenzler here follows Nryana, who has the following
note, grmam gantum ikkhantognaya enam hitgnim samsante,
ayamagadobhavediti.
236:4Comp.SrautastraVI,9,7.
236:5SrautastraVI,10,1.
237:14Seeabove,II,7,5.
237:15SeethenoteonStra12.
237:16SeetheSrautastraVI,10,2.
237:17
Dvigulpham barhir gya ka. Nryana explains dvigulpha by
prabhta.Comp.bahulatrina,KtyyanaXXV,7,15.
237:18'Here'means,ataceremonydirectedtotheManes.Nryana.
KANDIK2.
1 1.(The relations of the dead person) now carry (his sacred) fires and
(his)sacrificialvesselsinthatdirection.
p.238
2.Afterthemagedpersonsforminganoddnumber,menandwomennot
goingtogether,(carry)thedeadbody.
3. Some (say) that (the dead body should be carried) in a cart with a
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seat,drawnbycows.
4 4.(Someprescribe)asheanimalforcovering(thedeadbodywithits
limbs):
5.Acow,
6.Orashegoatofonecolour.
7.Some(take)ablackone.
8. They tie (a rope) to its left forefoot and lead it behind (the dead
body).
9.Thenfollowtherelations(ofthedeadperson),wearingtheirsacrificial
cordsbelow(roundtheirbody),withthehairlocksuntied,theolderfines
first,theyoungeroneslast.
10 10. When they have thus arrived at the place, the performer (of the
rites)walksthreetimesroundthespotwithhisleftsideturnedtowards
it, and with a Sam branch sprinkles water on it, with (the verse), 'Go
away,withdraw,anddepartfromhere'(RigvedaX,14,9).
11. To the southeast, on an elevated corner (of that place), he places
thehavanyafire,
121213.TothenorthwesttheGrhapatyafire,
13.TothesouthwesttheDakshinafire.
1414.Afterthatapersonthatknows(howtodoit),pilesupbetweenthe
firesapileoffuel.
p.239
15.Aftersacrificialgrassandablackantelope'sskinwiththehairoutside
hasbeenspreadoutthere,theyplacethedeadbodythereon,whichthey
have carried so as to pass by the Grhapatya fire on its northside,
turningitsheadtowardsthehavanya.
1616.Tothenorth(ofthebodytheyplace)thewife(ofthedeceased),
17.AndabowforaKshatriya.
18 18. Her brotherinlaw, being a representative of her husband, or a
pupil (of her husband), or an aged servant, should cause her to rise
(from that place) with (the verse), 'Arise, O wife, to the world of life'
(RigvedaX,18,8).
19 19. The performer (of the rites) should murmur (that verse), if a
Sdra(makesherrisefromthepile).
20. With (the verse), 'Taking the bow out of the hand of the deceased'
(RigvedaX,18,9),(hetakesaway)thebow.
21. It has been stated (what is to be done) in case a Sdra (should
performthisact).
2222.Havingbentthebow,heshould,beforethepilingup(ofthethings
mentioned below, which are put on the dead body) is done, break it to
pieces,andthrowit(onthepile).
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Footnotes
237:12
Nryana: By the word smasna (cemetery) two different
smasnasaredesignatedhere,becausebelow(Stra15)adistinctionis
added (to the word smasna), in the words, 'This is a characteristic
requiredforthesmasnawherethebodyistobeburned.'Thustheplace
wherethebody is burned, and the place where the gathered bones are
deposited,botharecalledsmasna.
237:12,1.Inthedirectionstatedabove,chap.1,6.
238:4Seechap.3,2025.
238:10Kartodakena(i.e.kartudakena)isevidentlytherightreading,not
gartodakena.
238:121312,13.Thewords,'onanelevatedcorner'(Stra11)havetobe
supplied.
238:14
As to the pronoun enam, which refers, with an irregular
p. 239
construction,tothedeadperson,compSatapathaBrhmanaXII,5,2,7.
239:16Thewifeismadetoliedownonthepile.
239:18Possiblythewordsdevarahandpatisthnyahrefertotwodifferent
persons, so that we should have to translate, 'Her brotherinlaw, (or

someother)representativeofherhusband,&c.'
239:19Thisreferstothecaseoftheagedservant.Thewordforwhichwe
haveputSdrahereandinStra21,isvrishala.
239:22SeeStra19.
p.240
KANDIK3.
1 1. He should then put the following (sacrificial) implements (on the
deadbody).
2.Intotherighthandthe(spooncalled)Guh.
3.Intotheleftthe(otherspooncalled)Upabhrit.
4. On his right side the (wooden sacrificial sword called) Sphya, on his
left (side) the Agnihotrahavan (i.e. the ladle with which the Agnihotra
oblationsaresacrificed).
5.Onhischestthe(bigsacrificialladlecalled)Dhruv.Onhisheadthe
dishes.Onhisteeththepressingstones.
6.Onthetwosidesofhisnosethetwo(smallersacrificialladlescalled)
Sruvas.
7.Or,ifthereisonlyone(Sruva),breakingit(intwopieces).
8 8.OnhistwoearsthetwoPrsitraharanas(i.e.thevesselsintowhich
theportionofthesacrificialfoodbelongingtotheBrahmanisput).
9.Or,ifthereisonlyone(Prsitraharana),breakingit(intwopieces).
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10.Onhisbellythe(vesselcalled)Ptr,
11. And the cup into which the cutoff portions (of the sacrificial food)
areput.
12.Onhissecretpartsthe(staffcalled)Samy.
13.Onhisthighsthetwokindlingwoods.
p.241
14.Onhislegsthemortarandthepestle.
15.Onhisfeetthetwobaskets.
16.Or,ifthereisonlyone(basket),tearingit(intwopieces).
1717.Those(oftheimplements)whichhaveahollow(intowhichliquids
canbepoured),arefilledwithsprinkledbutter.
18. The son (of the deceased person) should take the under and the
uppermillstoneforhimself.
1919.Andtheimplementsmadeofcopper,iron,andearthenware.
20
20.
Taking out the omentum of the sheanimal he should cover
therewiththe head and the mouth (of the dead person) with the verse,
'Putonthearmour(whichwillprotectthee)againstAgni,by(thatwhich
comesfrom)thecows'(RigvedaX,16,7).
21. Taking out the kidneys (of the animal) he should lay them into the
hands (of the dead body) with the verse, 'Escape the two hounds, the
sons of Saram' (Rigveda X, 14, 10), the right (kidney) into the right
(hand),theleftintotheleft.
22.Theheart(oftheanimalheputs)ontheheart(ofthedeceased).
2323.Andtwolumps(offlourorrice),accordingtosome(teachers).
p.242
2424.(Only)iftherearenokidneys,accordingtosome(teachers).
25 25. Having distributed the whole (animal), limb by limb (placing its
differentlimbsonthecorrespondinglimbsofthedeceased),andhaving
covered it with its hide, he recites, when the Pranta water is carried
forward,(theverse),'Agni,donotoverturnthiscup'(RigvedaX,16,8).
26. Bending his left knee he should sacrifice gya oblations into the
Dakshina fire with (the formulas), 'To Agni svh! To Kma svh! To
theworldsvh!ToAnumatisvh!'
27 27.Afifth(oblation)onthechestofthedeceasedwith(theformula),
'From this one verily thou hast been born. May he now be born out of
thee,N.N.!Totheheavenworldsvh!'
Footnotes
240:13,1.OnthedifferentimplementsmentionedinthefollowingStras,
comp. Prof. Max Mller's paper in the Zeitschrift der Deutschen

MorgenlndischenGesellschaft,vol.ix,pp.viiseqq.lxxviiiseqq.
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240:8
On the Prsitra and the Prsitraharanas, comp. Hillebrandt, Neu
andVollmondsopfer,pp.119(withnote6),120,131.
241:17
Nryana explains sekanavanti by bilavanti. On prishadgya
('sprinkledbutter')comp.thetwolastStrasofthefirstchapter.
241:19 The statement in Satapatha Brhmana XII, 5, 2, 14 is somewhat
different.
241:20Anustaranyvapm.Seechap.2,4.
241:23 Nryana states that these lumps are not put, as one would be
inclined to believe, on the heart, but into the hands of the deceased.
Stra24showsthatthisinterpretationiscorrect.
242:24I.e.ifthereisnoAnustarananimal,whichisconsideredasoptional
(seechap.2,4).
242:25Comp.KtyyanaXXV,7,35.
242:27
He who is born out of the deceased, is Agni. See Satapatha
BrhmanaII,3,3,5andalsoXII,5,2,15.
KANDIK4.
1.Hegivesorder,'Lightthefirestogether.'
22.Ifthehavanyafirereaches(thebody)first,heshouldknow,'Ithas
reachedhimintheheavenworld.Hewilllivethereinprosperity,andso
willthisone,i.e.hisson,inthisworld.'
3 3.If the Grhapatya fire reaches (the body) first, he should know, 'It
hasreachedhimintheairworld.Hewilllivethereinprosperity,and so
p.243
44.IftheDakshinafirereaches(thebody)first,heshouldknow,'Ithas
reachedhimintheworldofmen.Hewilllivethereinprosperity,andso
5 5.If(thethreefires)reach(thebody)inthesamemoment,theysay
thatthissignifiesthehighestluck.
6 6. While (the body) is burning, he recites over it the same texts, 'Go
on,goon,ontheancientpaths'(RigvedaX,14,7).
7.Beingburntbyapersonwhoknowsthis,hegoestotheheavenworld
together with the smoke (of the funeral pile)thus it is understood (in
theSruti).
88.Tothenortheastofthehavanyafireheshouldhaveakneedeep
pitdugandshouldhaveanAvak,i.e.(thewaterplantcalled)Splaput
downintoit.Fromthat(pit)he(i.e.thedeceased)goesoutandtogether
with the smoke he goes up to the heavenworldthus it is understood
(intheSruti).
9. After he has recited (the verse), 'These living ones have separated
fromthedead'(RigvedaX,18,3),theyturnroundfromrighttoleftand
goawaywithoutlookingback.
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10 10.Whentheyhavecometoaplacewherestandingwateris,having
once(plungedintoitand)emerged
p.244
fromit,theypouroutonehandful(ofwater),pronouncetheGotraname
and the proper name (of the deceased), go out (of the water), put on
othergarments,wringout(theoldgarments)once,laythemawaywith
theirskirtstothenorth,andsitdownuntilthestarsappear.
11.Ortheymayenter(theirhouses),whenstill(apart)ofthesundisk
isseen,
1212.Theyoungeronesfirst,theolderoneslast.
13. When they have come to the houses, they touch a stone, the fire,
cow'sdung,friedbarley,sesamumseeds,andwater.
14.Letthemnotcookfoodduringthatnight.
1515.Letthemsubsistonboughtorreadymadefood.
16.Letthemeatnosalinefoodforthreenights.
1717.Letthemoptionallyfortwelvenightsavoidthedistributionofgifts
andthestudy(ofVedictexts),ifoneofthechiefGurus(hasdied).
1818.Tendaysafter(thedeathof)Sapindas,
p.245
19.AndofaGuruwhoisnoSapinda,
20.Andofunmarriedfemalerelations.
2121.Threenightsafter(thedeathof)otherteachers,
22.AndofarelationwhoisnoSapinda,
23.Andofmarriedfemalerelations,
24.Ofachildthathasnoteeth,
25.Andofadeadbornchild.
26.Oneday,after(thedeathof)afellowpupil,
27.AndofaSrotriyaofthesamevillage.
Footnotes
242:24,2.SatapathaBrhmanaXII,5,2,10.
242:3SatapathaBrhmanal.l.9.
243:6'Thesametexts'meansthatthetextsindicatedintheSrautastra
VI,10,19(twentyfourversestakenfromthehymnsX,14,16,17,18,
154)havetoberecited.
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243:8Comp.above,II,8,14.
243:10'AlltheSamnodakarelations(seeManuV,60),menandwomen,
shouldpour out one handful of water each. Pronouncing p.244 the Gotra
name and the proper name of the deceased, saying, for instance,
"Devadatta, belonging to the Gotra of the Ksyapas, this water is for
thee!"theysprinkleitout,withsouthwardturnedfaces.'Nryana.
244:12 Possibly praviseyuh (they should enter) belongs to this Stra. In
Prof.Stenzler'seditionandinthecommentaryofNryanaitistakenas
belongingtoStra11.
244:15VasishthaIV, 15. Nryana here observes, 'Some authorities omit
thisStra.'
244:17 'Father and mother and the teacher who, after having performed
the Upanayana for him, has taught him the whole Veda, are the chief
Gurus. When these have died, they should avoid giving gifts and
studying the Veda either for twelve nights, or for ten nights, this rule
standingincorrelationwiththefollowingone.'Nryana.
244:18 The Sapinda
relationship is generally defined as the relationship
withinsixdegrees,thoughthestatementsinthedifferent p.245 texts do

notexactlyagree.SeepastambaII,15,2ManuV,60GautamaXIV,
13(withProf.Bhler'snote,SacredBooks,vol.ii,p.247,&c.).
245:21Comp.Stras17,19.
KANDIK5.
11.Thegathering(ofthebonesisperformed)afterthetenth(Tithifrom
thedeath),(onaTithi)withanoddnumber,ofthedarkfortnight,under
asingleNakshatra.
22.Amanintoamaleurnwithoutspecialmarks,awomanintoafemale
onewithoutspecialmarks.
3 3. Aged persons of an odd number, not men and women together
(gatherthebones).
4 4. The performer of the ceremony walks three times round the spot
withhisleftsideturnedtowards
p.246
it,andsprinklesonitwithaSambranchmilkmixedwithwater,withthe
verse,'Ocoolone,Othouthatartfullofcoolness'(RigvedaX,16,14).
5.Withthethumbandthefourthfingertheyshouldputeachsinglebone
(intothe,urn)withoutmakinganoise,
6.Thefeetfirst,theheadlast.
7 7. Having well gathered them and purified them with a winnowing
basket,theyshouldput(theurn)intoapit,ataplacewherethewaters
fromthedifferentsidesdonotflowtogether,exceptrainwater,with(the
verse),'GotothymotherEarththere'(RigvedaX,18,10).
8.Withthefollowing(verse)heshouldthrowearth(intothepit).
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9.Afterhehasdoneso,(heshouldrepeat)thefollowing(verse).
10 10.Having covered (the urn) with a lid with (the verse), 'I fasten to
thee' (Rigveda X, 18, 13), they then should go away without looking
back,shouldbatheinwater,andperformaSrddhaforthedeceased.
Footnotes
245:1
5, 1. Nryana (comp. the svalyanaGrihyaParisishta III, 7)
understands this Stra in a different way. 'After the tenth Tithi of the
dark fortnight, on a Tithi with an odd number, is e. on the eleventh,
thirteenth, or fifteenth.' The single Nakshatras are those the name of
which does not denote two Nakshatras (as, for instance, the two
Ashdhs).Comp.Kty.Sraut.XXV,8,1ManuV,59.
245:2
Urns, with or without protuberances like female breasts, are
consideredasfemaleormaleaccordingly.
245:3Seechap.2,2.
245:4Comp.chap.2,10.
246:7 Nryana explains pavana by srpa. He says that the 'performer'
(kartri)repeatsthisandthefollowingtexts.
246:10TheyshouldgiveaSrddhatothedeceasedexclusively,according
totheEkoddishtarite.'Nryana.
KANDIK6.
1. They who have lost a Guru by death, or are afflicted by other
misfortune, should perform on the newmoon day an expiatory
ceremony.
22.Beforesunrisetheyshouldcarrytheirfire
p.247
togetherwithitsashesandwithitsreceptacletothesouthwiththehalf
verse,'IsendfarawaythefleshdevouringAgni'(RigvedaX,16,9).
3 3.Havingthrownthat(fire)downataplacewherefourroadsmeetor
somewhere else, they walk round it three times, turning their left sides
towardsit,beatingtheirleftthighswiththeirlefthands.
4. They then should return home without looking back, bathe in water,
havetheirhair,theirbeardsthehairoftheirbodies,andtheirnailscut,
and furnish themselves with new jars, pots, vessels for rinsing the
mouth,wreathedwithgarlandsofSamflowers,withfuelofSamwood,
withtwopiecesofSamwoodforkindlingfire,and with branches to be
laid round the fire, with bull's dung and a bull's hide, fresh butter, a
stone,andasmanybunchesofKusagrassasthereareyoungwomen(in
thehouse).
5 5. At the time of the Agni(hotra) he should kindle fire with the
hemistich,'HeremaythisotherGtavedas'(RigvedaX,16,9).
p.248
6. Keeping that (fire) burning, they sit till the silence of the night,
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repeating the tales of the aged, and getting stories of auspicious

contents,ItihsasandPurnas,toldtothem.
77.Whenallsoundshaveceased,orwhen(theothers)havegonetothe
houseortherestingplace,(theperformeroftheceremony)shouldpour
outanuninterruptedstreamofwater,beginningatthesouthsideofthe
door,with(theverse),'Spinningthethreadfollowthelightoftheaerial
space'(RigvedaX,53,6),(goingroundthehouse),endingatthenorth
sideofthedoor.
88.Havingthengivenitsplacetothefire,andhavingspreadtothewest
of it a bull's hide with the neck to the east, with the hair outside, he
should cause the people belonging to the house to step on that (hide)
with(theverse),'Arisetolonglife,choosingoldage'(RigvedaX,18,6).
9.With(theverse),'ThisIlayroundtheliving'(RigvedaX, 18, 4), he
shouldlaybranchesround(thefire).
1010.Afterhavingwith(thewords),'Amountain(i.e.astone)theyshall
placebetweenthemselvesanddeath,'placedastonetothenorthofthe
fire,andhavingsacrificedwiththefour(verses),'Gohence,Odeath,on
anotherway'(RigvedaX,18,14),
p.249
verse by verse, he should look at his people with (the verse), 'As the
daysfolloweachother'(ibid.5).
11.Theyoungwomen(belongingtothehouse)should,witheachhand
separately, with their thumbs and fourth fingers, with young Darbha
blades,salvetheireyeswithfreshbutter,andthrow(theDarbhablades)
away,turningtheirfacesaway.
12.(Theperformeroftheceremony)shouldlookatthem,whiletheyare
salving themselves, with (the verse), 'These women, being no widows,
havingnoblehusbands'(RigvedaX,18,7).
13.With(theverse),'Carryingstones,(theriver)streamsforwardtake
holdofeachother'(RigvedaX,53,8)theperformer(oftheceremony)
firstshouldtouchthestone.
14.Afterthat,stationinghimselftothenortheast,while(theothers) go
roundwiththefire,withbull'sdung,andwithanuninterruptedstreamof
water, repeating the three verses, 'O waters, ye are wholesome' (Rig
vedaX,9,iseqq.),heshouldmurmurtheverse,'Thesehaveledround
thecow'(RigvedaX,155,5).
15.Atawnycolouredbullshouldheleadroundthustheysay.
16.Theythensitdownataplacewheretheyintendtotarry,havingput
ongarmentsthathavenotyetbeenwashed.
17.(There)theysit,avoidingtosleep,tillsunrise.
18 18.Aftersunrise,havingmurmuredthehymnssacredtothesunand
theauspicioushymns,having
p.250
prepared food, having made oblations with (the hymn), 'May he drive
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evilawayfromuswithhisshine'(RigvedaI,97),versebyverse,having
given to the Brhmanas to eat, he should cause (them) to pronounce
auspiciouswords.
19.Acow,acupofmetal,andagarmentthathasnotyetbeenwashed,
constitutethesacrificialfee.
Footnotes
246:2
6, 2. According to Nryana the fire means here not the sacred
domestic fire, but a common kitchen fire. I doubt whether the p. 247
commentator is right. The ceremonies described in the following Stras
seemtopointrathertoarenewalofthesacredGrihyafire,theoldone
havingprovedunluckytothesacrificer.Inthesameway,intheSrauta
ritual,asacrificerwho,afterhavingperformedthedhna,hasbadluck,
performsthePunardheya.
247:3Comp.KtyyanaSrautastraV,10,r5.
247:5
The text has agnivelym, which Nryana explains by
agnihotraviharanakle aparhne. He states that the fire should be

produced by attrition of two new kindling woods (arani), mentioned in
Stra 4. The fire thus kindled is to be used, he says, as a kitchenfire.
Herein he seems to me to have misunderstood the meaning of the
ceremonyseethe note on Stra 2. The hemistich quoted in this Stra
(which is the second half of the same verse of which the first half is
prescribed in Stra 2) clearly points to the sacred quality of the fire in
questionitrunsthus,'HeremaythisotherGtavedascarrytheofferings
tothegods,theknowingone.'
248:7Thepersonwhopoursoutthewateris,asNryanasays,thekartri,
i.e. the performer of the whole ceremony. The word cannot be

translated, as Prof. Stenzler does, der Bestatter, no funeral ceremonies
beingheretreatedof.
248:8 See above, I, 8, 9. Here Nryana sees that the fire is the sacred
one.
He
says,
athasabdosmin
klegnyantaram
aupsanam
upasamdadhyditigpanrtham.
248:10Thewords,'Amountain,'&c.,standattheendoftheversequoted
inStra9.
249:18Seeabove,II,3,13.
KANDIK7.
1 1. Now at a Srddha ceremony, at that which is celebrated on the
Parvan day, or for the attainment of special wishes, or at the
bhyudayikaSrddha(i.e.theSrddhacelebratedwhensomegoodluck
hashappened),orattheEkoddishtaSrddha(theSrddhadirectedtoa
singledeadperson)
2. He causes Brhmanas who are endowed with learning, moral
character, and correct conduct, or with one of these (characteristics),
who have been invited in time, who have taken a bath, washed their
feet, and sipped water, to sit down, as representatives of the Fathers,
withtheirfacesturnedtothenorth,oneforeachoneoftheFathers,or
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twoforeach,orthreeforeach.
3. The larger their number is, the greater is the reward (which the
sacrificerisentitledtoexpect).
4.Butinnocaseone(Brhmana)forall(thefathers).
p.251
5 5. Optionally (he may invite only one Brhmana) except at the first
(Srddha).
6 6. By (the exposition of) the Pinda sacrifice (the corresponding rules)
havebeendeclared(fortheSrddhaceremoniesalso).
7.Havinggivenwater(totheBrhmanas),
88.HavinggiventothemdoublefoldedDarbhablades,andaseat,
99.Having(again)givenwater(tothem),
10. Having poured water into three vessels of metal, of stone, and of
earthenware,or(intothreevessels)madeofthesamesubstance,over
whichhehasputDarbhagrass,
And having recited over (that water the verse), 'For luck and help the
divine waters' (Rigveda X, 9, 4), he pours sesamum seeds into it with
(the formula), 'Sesamum art thou Soma is thy deity at the Gosava
sacrificethouhastbeencreatedby
p.252
the gods. By the ancients thou hast been offered. Through the funeral
oblation render the Fathers and these worlds propitious to us. Svadh!
Adoration!'
1212.(Thedifferentritesareperformed)fromtherighttotheleft.
13 13. With (the part) of the other (i.e. left) hand between the thumb
(and the forefinger), because he wears the sacrificial cord over hisleft
shoulder,orwiththerighthandwhichheseizeswiththeleft(heoffers
the Arghya water to the Fathers with the words), 'Father, this is thy
Arghya. Grandfather, this is thy Arghya. Greatgrandfather, this is thy
Arghya'havingfirstoffered(ordinary)water(totheFathers).
14.Whenheisgoingtohandoverthat(ArghyawatertotheBrhmanas
who represent the Fathers, he says once each time), 'Svadh! The
Arghyawater!'
1515.Over(theArghyawater)whichhasbeen
p.253
pouredout,heshouldrecitetheverse,'Thecelestialwaterswhich have
beenproducedontheearth,theaerialwatersandthewaterswhichare
terrestrial, the goldcoloured ones, apt for sacrifice, may these waters
bringusluckandbekindtous.'Pouringtogetherwhathasbeenleft(in
the three Arghya vessels) he moistens his face with that water, if he
desiresthatasonshouldbeborntohim.
16 16. 'He should not take up the first vessel, into which the Arghya
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waterfortheFathershasbeenpoured.HiddentheFathersdwelltherein:
thusSaunakahassaid.'
17 17. In that moment the gifts of perfumes, garlands, incense, lights,
andclothesareoffered(totheBrhmanas).
18. Having taken some food (of the Sthlpka prepared for the
Pindapitriyaga), and having besmeared it with ghee, he asks (the
Brhmanas)fortheirpermissionbysaying,'Ishallofferitinthefire,'or,
'Iwillsacrificemyofferinginthefire,'or,'Iwillofferitinthefire.'
19. The permission (is given in the words), 'It may be offered,' or,
'Sacrificethyoffering,'or,Offerit.'
2020.Hethensacrificesinthefireasstatedabove,
p.254
2121.Or,iftheygivetheirpermission,inthehands(oftheBrhmanas).
22.'Themouthofthegodsverilyisthefire,themouthoftheFathersis
thehand'thussaystheBrhmana.
23. If in the hands, he assigns to them other food, after they have
sippedwater.
2424.Thefood(isputtogether)withthefood.
2525.Itissaid,'Whatisgivenawayandoffered,thatbringsprosperity.'
2626.Whenheseesthattheyaresatiated,heshouldrecite(theverses)
containing the word m a dh u, and (the verse), 'They have eaten, they
haveenjoyedthemselves'(RigvedaI,82,2).
27
27.
Having asked them, 'Relished?' and having taken the food,
whatever food he has used, together with the Sthlpka, in order to

makelumpsthereof,heshouldoffertherest(totheBrhmanas).
28.Aftertheyhaveeitheraccepted(thatrestoffood),orleftit(tohim),
andhavefinishedeating,heshould,beforetheyhavesippedwater,put
downthelumpsfortheFathers.
p.255
29.Aftertheyhavesippedwater,accordingtosome(teachers).
30
30.
Having strewn the food on the ground and suspended the
sacrificialcord over his left shoulder, he should dismiss the Brhmanas,

(sayingtothem),'SayOm!Svadh!'
31.Or,'Sobeit!Svadh!'
Footnotes
250:1
7, 1. Comp. on the Srddha ceremonies in general the note on
SkhyanaGrihyaIV,1,1,andthequotationsgiventhere.ThePrvana
Srddha, which is celebrated on the newmoon day, is treated of by
Skhyana IV, 1, the bhyudayika Srddha, IV, 4, the Ekoddishta
Srddha,IV,2.
251:5Andye.OfthedifferentinterpretationsofthiswordwhichNryana
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gives, it may suffice here to quote two. The first Srddha may either
meanthePrvanaSrddha,becausethisstandsfirstamongthedifferent
kindsofSrddhaceremoniesenumeratedinStra1oritmaymeanthe
Sapindkarana (see Skhyana IV, 3), for this is the first occasion on
whichadeadpersonreceivesSrddhaoblationstogetherwithtwoothers
oftheFathers.
251:6 The sacrifice to the Manes, as forming part of the Srauta ritual, is
explainedintheSrautastraII,6seq.
251:8YgavalkyaI,229.
251:9 Ygavalkya I, 230. The reading of several words of the Mantra is
doubtful, and the parallel texts, as Prof. Stenzler has not failed to
observe,differ especially the words pratnavadbhih prattah seem to me
to be corrupt. The word pratnavat is only known to the Petersburg
Dictionary as having the meaning, 'containing the word pratna,' which
will not do here. Thus, I think that the reading pratnam adbhih priktah
should be adopted the translation would be, 'Anciently thou hast been
mixedwithwater.'
252:12Comp.SkhyanaGrihyaIV,4,6.
252:13
The part of the hand above the thumb is called the 'Trtha
belongingto the Manes' see, for instance, Baudhyana's Dharmastra

I, 8, 16. The sacrificer is here understood to wear his sacrificial cord
suspended over the left shoulder (he is 'ygopavtin'). But as the
oblation here treated of is directed to the Manes, it is required that he
shouldbeprknvtin.Nowheisconsideredasprknvtin,accordingto
Nryana, not only if the cord is suspended over his right shoulder
(whichistheordinarymeaningofprknvtin),butalsoifthehandwith
which he performs the rites, and the shoulder over which he wears the
sacredcord,areeitherbothrightorbothleft.Thushere,actingwiththe
lefthand and wearing the cord over the left shoulder, he becomes
prknvtin.
The last word (apprvam) is separated by Nryana from the rest, so
thatitformsaseparateStra.
252:15 The sacrificer gives the water to the Brhmanas, and these p. 253
pouritout.Insteadofprithivsambabhvuh(prithivbeingintendedasa
locative see Lanman, Nouninflection in the Veda, p. 389) we should
read, no doubt, as the parallel texts have, payas sambabhvuh: 'The
celestialwaterswhichhaveunitedthemselveswithmilk.'
253:16ThisisaSloka.
253:17ManuIII,209YgavalkyaI,231.
253:20TheoblationsalludedtointhisStraareprescribedintheSrauta
stra, II, 6, 12. They are directed to Soma pitrimat and to Agni
kavyavhana.
254:21 According to Manu (III, 212) this is done only in case there is no
fire. Possibly abhyanugym belongs to Stra 20, so that we should

havetotranslate,'Hethensacrifices...iftheygivetheirpermission.Or
inthehands.'
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254:24 'The food which is left from the oblations he puts with the food
(Stra23)whichistobeeatenbytheBrhmanas,andhasbeenputinto
thevessels.'Nryana.
254:25Issrishtamtobeunderstoodinthesenseofvisrishtam?Nryana
explainsitbyprabhtam.
254:26TheversescontainingthewordmadhuareRigvedaI,90,68.
254:27Onthe question, 'Relished?' compare SkhyanaGrihya IV, 2, 5.
For several kinds of Srddha ceremonies a Sthlpka is prescribed, for

others it is not for the Srddhas of the last kind the words 'Together
withtheSthlpka'arenotvalid.
255:30Theyreply,'Om!Svadh!'
KANDIK8.
11.Nowthespitox(sacrificedtoRudra).
2.Inautumnorinspring,underthe(Nakshatra)rdr.
3.Thebestofhisherd,
4.(Anox)whichisneitherleprousnorspeckled
55.Onewithblackspots,accordingtosome
6.Ifhelikes,ablackone,ifitscolourinclinestocoppercolour.
7.Hesprinklesitwithwater,intowhichhehasthrownriceandbarley,
8.Fromheadtotail,
9.With(theformula),'Growup,agreeabletoRudrathegreatgod.'
1010.Heshouldletitgrowup.Whenithascutitsteeth,orwhenithas
becomeabull
1111.Toaquarter(ofthehorizon)whichissacrificiallypure,
12.Ataplacewhichcannotbeseenfromthevillage,
p.256
13.Aftermidnight,
14.Accordingtosome,aftersunrise.
1515.HavingcausedaBrahmanwhoisversedinlearningandknowsthe
practice(ofthissacrifice),tositdown,havingdrivenafreshbranchwith
leavesintothegroundasasacrificialpost,(havingtaken)twocreeping
plants or two Kusa ropes as two girdles, and having wound the one
round the sacrificial post, and tied the other round the middle of the
animal'shead,hebindsittothesacrificialpostortothegirdle(whichhe
had tied to that post) with (the formula), 'Agreeable to him to whom
adoration(isbrought),Ibindthee.'
16 16.The sprinkling with water and what follows is the same as at the
animalsacrifice.
17.Weshallstatewhatisdifferent.
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18.LethimsacrificetheomentumwiththePtrorwithaleafthusitis
understood(intheSruti)
19.With(theformulas),'ToHara,Mrida,Sarva,Siva,Bhava,Mahdeva,
Ugra,Bhma,Pasupati,Rudra,Sakara,snasvh!'
20.Orwiththelastsix(partsofthatformula),
21.Orwith(theformula),'ToRudrasvh!'
22 22. Let him make Bali offerings towards the four quarters (of the
horizon), to each on four rings of Kusa network, with (the formulas),
'Thehosts,Rudra,whichthouhasttowardstheeasterndirection,
p.257
tothemthis(offeringisbrought).Adorationtothee!Donoharmtome!'
Inthiswaytheassigning(oftheofferingsisperformed)accordingtothe
differentquarters(ofthehorizon).
23. With the following four hymns he should worship the four quarters,
viz. 'What shall we to Rudra,' 'These prayers to Rudra,' 'To thee, O
father,''ThesesongstoRudrawiththestrongbow'(RigvedaI,43,114
II,33VII,46).
24. (This) worship to the quarters (of the horizon) (is performed) atall
sacrificestoRudra.
25.Thehusksandchaff(oftherice),thetail,theskin,thehead,thefeet
(ofthesacrificialanimal)heshouldthrowintothefire.
2626.Heshouldturntheskintosomeuse,accordingtoSmvatya.
27 27.To the north of the fire, on rows of Darbha grass, or on rings of
Kusa network, he should pour out the blood (of the sacrificial animal)
with (the formula), 'Hissing ones! Noisy ones! Searching ones! Seizing
ones!Serpents!Whatherebelongstoyou,takethat.'
28. Then, turning to the north, (he assigns it) to the serpents (in the
words), 'Hissing ones! Noisy ones! Searching ones! Seizing ones!
Serpents!Whatherebelongstoyou,takethat.'
Then the serpents take whatever has flowed down there of blood or of
thecontentsofstomachandentrails.
29.Allnames,allhosts,allexaltationsbelong
p.258
tohimtoasacrificerwhoknowsthat,hegivesjoy.
30. Even to a man who only with words sets forth (some part) of that
(ceremony),hewilldonoharmthusitisunderstood(intheSruti).
31.Heshouldnotpartakeofthat(sacrifice).
32 32.Theyshouldnottakeanythingbelongingtoitintothevillage.For
thisgodwilldoharmto(human)creatures.
33.Heshouldkeepawayhispeoplefromthevicinity(oftheplacewhere
hehassacrificed).
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34. On an express injunction, however, he should partake (of that

sacrificialfood),foritwillbringluck.
35. This spitox sacrifice procures wealth, (open) space, purity, sons,
cattle,longlife,splendour.
3636.Afterhehassacrificed,heshouldletlooseanother(animal).
37.Heshouldnotbewithoutsuchananimal.
38. Then he will not be without cattlethus it is understood (in the
Sruti).
3939.MutteringtheSanttyahymn,heshouldgotohishouse.
40. If disease befalls his cattle, he should sacrifice to that same god in
themidstofhiscowstable
41.Amessofcookedfood,whichhesacrificesinitsentirety.
p.259
42. Having thrown the sacrificial grass and the gya into the fire, he
shouldleadhiscowsthroughthesmoke.
43. Murmuring the Santtya hymn, he should go in the midst of his
cattle.
44.AdorationtoSaunaka!AdorationtoSaunaka!
EndoftheFourthAdhyya.
EndofthesvalyanaGrihyastra.
SuggestedReading
SankhayanaGrihyaSutra
ParaskaraGrihyaSutra
KhadiraGrihyaSutra
Dharmashastras
ManusmritithelawsofManu
Footnotes
255:1
8, 1. According to Nryana, the 'spitox' sacrifice is so called
becauseitisofferedtoRudrathespitwearer.
255:5Kalmshonmakrishnabindukitah.Nryana.
255:10ThisStrashouldratherbedividedintotwo.
255:11I.e.totheeastorthenorth.
256:15
Round the middle of the head means, between the two horns.
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Nryana.
256:16Seeabove,I,11.
256:22 This Bali offering is performed, according to Nryana, before the
Svishtakritoblationofthechiefsacrifice.Onkusasnathecommentator
has the note, 'Darbhastambais trinais ka kalpavad (or rather, as Prof.
Stenzler writes, katakavad) grathitv sarveshm agram grihtv,
ekkrityagrathithkusasnukyante.'
257:26PerhapsSmvatyaisamisspellingofthenameofthewellknown
GrihyateacherSmbavya.
257:27Darbhavtisexplainedinthecommentarybydarbhargi.
258:32Insteadofabhimrukaweoughttoreadabhimnuka.SeeAitareya
BrhmanaIII,34,andthePetersburgDictionarys.v.abhimnuka.
258:36 He should destine another young animal in the way stated above
(Stras7seqq.)toanewSlagavasacrifice.
258:39RigvedaVII,35.Comp.above,II,8,11.
Monday,December29,2014
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Asvalayana Grihya Surtra

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Asvalayana Grihya Surtra

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12/29/2014

MOST of the questions referring to the Grihyastra of svalyana

before speaking of svalyana, makes the

followingstatementswithregard to svalyana's teacher, Saunaka.

determined that svalyana's Stra should be adopted by the

which the fifth ranyaka is assigned to Saunaka, are found in

this,there is no possibility whatever that he can have used the

This seems to me to be the meaning of stram kritv

nyavedayat p. 154 the case is similar to that where a pupil goes on

Dvdasdhyyakam stram katushkam grihyam eva ka

(i.e. of the Aitareya ranyaka) sogar die directe Nachricht haben,

Thus Syana, in his note on V, 1, 1, says: Nanu

prathamranyakepi atha mahvratam Indro vai Vritram

somewhat different from that given by Skhyana what

with an oblation, or with knowledge worships Agni, who with

2 2. To the deities of the Agnihotra, to Soma Vanaspati, to Agni and

The deities of the Agnihotra are Srya, Agni, and Pragpati. On

SomaVanaspati see the quotations given in BhtlingkRoth's Dictionary

3, 1. Comp. Skh.Grihya I, 7, 6 seq., where the statements

On the two gyabhgas offered to Agni and Soma comp. below,

[paragraph continues] 'Those who on the mother's and on the father's

on their father's side through ten generations are endowed with

by Nryana's commentary, durvigeyni lakshannti, &c. The lumps

No doubt the correct reading is not that given by Nryana and

Vasishtha I, 35 (where this rite is designated as Mnusha)

apposition to drishadam. Nryana says, drishat prasiddh asm

together with the first (upastarana) and the second (pratyabhighrana)

svalyanaSrauta II, 3, 1 seq. Nryana: By the prohibition of

meat which is expressed in the words 'Except meat,' it is to be

Professor Stenzler here very pertinently refers to Satapatha

It is doubtful whether this paragraph should be considered as

19, 20. See above, the note on I, 7, 9 about the Avadna

theoblationsfor general expiation(sarvapryaskitthuti)comp.Skh.

To the west of the Smitra (fire) he (the Samitri) kills (the

round the animal, according to Stra 5. Comp. KtyyanaSrautastra

On the way in which animals had to b. killed at sacrifices, see

'A Pakvattin cuts off three portions. Having performed the

Upastaranaand the Pratyabhighrana (the first and second pouring out

giving to kaitya in this chapter its ordinary meaning of religious shrine

'He should make of a leaf a messenger and a carryingpole.'

should in the third month of her pregnancy, under (the Nakshatra)

7. Having sacrificed of a mess of cooked food sacred to Pragpati, he

to he states that it belongs to another Skh. Comp. Professor Max

Nryana (comp. also the Prayogaratna, folio 40 svalyanya

Two texts commencing te garbho yonim etu and Agnir etu

prathamah.See Stenzler's Various Readings, p. 48, and the Bibliotheca

8. And whatever aged Brhmana woman, whose husbands and children

dadtu dsushe, see Skh.Grihya I, 22, 7. The Negamesha hymn is

Vedo may as well be the nominative of veda as that of vedas

seq. Comp. Skh.Grihya I, 27, 1 seq. The two texts are

13. Their staffs are: that of a Brhmana of Palsa wood, that of a

By the 'arranging of the hair' the cutting of the hair is

power'with (these formulas) he should approach the fire, bend his

[paragraph continues] Palsa (tree) with one root, or round a Kusa

should, according to the rules for the Pkayagas,

cook the Anupravakanya food and announce it to the teacher in the

ranyaka, viz. the Mahnmnyas, the Mahvrata, and the Upanishad.

they should reply, "May an end of the Veda (study) be made."'

prescriptionregarding the cutting of the hair (given chap. 19, so in the

hymns, a hymn omitted in many of the Rigveda MSS. They give no

Priests who only perform the Agnydheya for a person, are,

according to Nryana's note on this Stra, not considered as

performing a sacrifice for him consequently the formula given here is